Sameera Moussa

Sameera Moussa ( Larabcin Misra|سميرة موسى) Maris, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha bakwai 1917 - 5 ga watan Agusta, Shekara ta 1952) ta kasance shahararriyar masaniyar kimiyyar nukiliya ƴar' ƙasar Masar, wadda ta sami digiri na uku a Ilimin atomic radiation kuma tayi aiki don ganin yin amfani a likitance da kimiyyar nukiliya ya kuma zama mai karɓuwa ga kowa. Ta shirya taron Atomic Energy for Peace Conferenc kuma ta dauki nauyin shirya taron kasa da kasa a karkashin tutar Atoms for Peace ita ce mace ta farko da ta fara aiki a Jami'ar Alkahira.

 Samartaka da kwaleji 

An haifi Moussa a Masar a cikin birnin Gharbia Governorate a shekara ta 1917. Mahaifiyarta ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa, mahaifinta sananne ne ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa a garin, daga bisani ya koma tare da 'ƴarsa zuwa Alkahira da sanya jari a wani ƙaramin otel a yankin El-Hussein. A ƙoƙarin mahaifinta, Moussa ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Kaser El-Shok, ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin makarantu a Alkahira. Bayan da ta kammala karatun ta, ta shiga makarantar Banat El-Ashraf, mahaifinta ya gina shi kuma yake gudanar da shi. 

Duk da cewa Moussa ta sami babban matsayi a karatunta na sakandare, kuma zata iya shiga cikin gurbin karatun injiniya, amma ta dage kan shiga Kwalejin Kimiyya a Jami'ar Alkahira. A cikin shekara ta 1939, Moussa ta sami BSc a cikin aikin ilimin radiology, tare da lambar girmamawa ta farko (First Class) bayan binciken ta game da tasirin rayukan X-ray akan abubuwa daban-daban. Dokta Moustafa Mousharafa, shugaban sashen farko na jami'ar, ya yarda da dalibarsa wanda ya rika taimaka mata donta zama malama mai zurfi a fannin koyarwa. Bayan haka, ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar mata ta farko a wannan rukuni ɗaya kuma mace ta farko da ta riƙe matsayin jami'a, kasance farkon wanda ya sami digirin-digiri na uku a fitilar kwayar zarra.

 Binciken nukiliya 
Moussa ta yi imani da Atoms for Peace . An san ta da cewa "Burina shi ne a kula da warkar da cutar sankara ( kansa) kuma ta zama da arha kamar Aspirin ".     Ta yi aiki tukuru don wannan manufa, kuma a ko'ina takan yi bincike mai zurfi, ta fito da wani tarihi lissafi da zai taimaka wurin raba sunadaran karafa masu rauni kamar tagulla, wanda zai bayar da damar gudanar da yin nukiliya bam mai sauki.  

Ta shirya taron Atomic Energy for Peace Conference kuma ta dauki nauyin shirya taron kasa da kasa a karkashin tutar "Atom for Peace", inda aka gayyaci manyan masana kimiyya.  Taron ya ba da shawarwari da yawa don kafa kwamiti don kare kai daga barazanar makaman nukiliya, wanda ta yi kakkausar suka sosai. Har ila yau, Moussa ya ba da kansa don taimakawa wajen kula da marasa lafiya na kansa a asibitoci daban-daban musamman tun da mahaifiyarta ta shiga mummunan yaƙi da wannan cuta. 

 Ziyara zuwa Amurka 
Moussa ta karɓi malanta daga Fulbright Atomic domin ta zama sananniya tare da wuraren bincike na zamani a Jami'ar California . An ba ta izinin ziyartar asirin injunan atom na Amurka.  Ziyarar ta tayar da muhawara mai zafi a bangarorin ilimi da kimiyya na Amurka tun da ta kasance mace ta farko da ba haifaffen Amurka ba da aka ba ta wannan gatan.<ref name=":1"></ref 

Ta yi watsi da tayin da aka yi mata na bukatar zama a Amurka kuma an ba ta damar zama yar'kasar Amurka, amma takan ce, "Masar, ƙaunatacciyar ƙasata na jirana".     
[ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2015)">Lissafi da ake bukata</span> ]

 wallafaffun Ayyuka 
Dr. Moussa ta samu kwarin gwiwa ne sakamakon gudummawar masana ilimin kimiyya na farkon musulmai, da malamin ta Dr. Moustafa Mashrafa . Wanda hakan ya sanya ta rubuta kasida kan aikin da Muhammad bn Musa al-Khwarizmi ya yi wajen kafa (samar da) ilimin algebra. Ta kuma wallafa labarai da yawa waɗanda ke ba da labari game da abin da ke bayan ƙarfin makaman nukiliya, tasirinta, da amincin amfaninsu ta hanya mafi sauƙi. Ta kuma tattauna tarihin kwayar zarra da tsarinta, da kuma hatsarin fasahar fasahar nukiliya. Kazalika, da kaddarorin radiation da illolinsu na halitta. 

 Mutuwa 
A ranar 5 ga Agusta, 1952 bayan ziyarar farko da ta je Amurka ta yi niyyar komawa gida, amma an gayyace ta zuwa wani tafiya. A kan hanya, motar ta fadi daga tsayin ƙafa 40, wanda ya kashe ta nan da nan. Asirin abin da ya faru, tun bayan da aka gayyace ta zuwa California an nuna ba gaskiya ba ne daga baya, ban da bacewar direban motar wanda ya tsallake daga motar jim kadan kafin ya sauko, lamarin da ya sa wasu mutane suka yarda cewa kisan gilla ne aka kulla mata dan a kasha ta. An yi zargin cewa Mossad din Isra’ila na da hannu a kisan Sameera Moussa ta hannun wata mata mai suna Judeo -Egyptian, Raqya Ibrahim (Rachael Abraham)."Raqia Ibrahim: Egyptian Jewish Actress Recruited by Israel to Prevent Egypt Owning Nuclear Bomb" Egypt Independent (1 December 2014).
Saboda mummunan yanayin kisan da ta yi da kuma wariyar launin fata a tsakanin tsarin kimiyya, ba a taɓa fitar da aikin Sameera ba kawai saboda yawancin su an rubuta sune cikin Larabci. 

 Kyautuka da girmamawa 
A ganin kokarinta, an ba ta kyautuka masu yawa  saboda kokarin ta.. Daga cikinsu akwai: 

 1953, lokacin da Sojojin Masar suka girmama ta.    
 1981, lokacinda aka bashi kyautar Order of Science and Arts, First Class, daga baya-shugaba Anwar Sadat .    
 An sanya wa ɗakin bincike a Kwalejin Kimiyya da wata makaranta a ƙauyen nata suna. 
 Gidan talabijin na Masar ya watsa wani jerin gwano mai taken Mutuwar Mutuwar batsa tarihin rayuwarta. 
 A shekarar 1998, yayin bikin ranar Mace ta Misira, an yanke shawarar kafa kwanciyar hankali ta al'adu a wurin haihuwarta da ke dauke da sunanta. 
 An buga wani littafi wanda ya nuna rayuwarta da gudummawar kimiyya. 

 Duba kuma 

 Ali Moustafa Mosharafa 
 Bedair yace 

 Manazarta 

 Hanyoyin haɗin waje 

Category:Haifaffun 1917
Category:Matattun 1952
Category:Mutanen Misra na karni 20th
Category:Tsoffin dalibai na jami'ar Alkahira