Namibiya

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Namibiya a hukumance Jimhuriyar Namibiya kasa ce da ke Kudancin Afirka. Ta haɗa iyaka da tekun atlantika da ga yamma, sai kasar Zambiya da Angola da ga Arewa, Botswana da ga gabas, Afirka ta kudu da ga Kudu da kuma gabas. Nambiya ta samu 'yancin kanta ne da ga kasar Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 21 ga watan March, din shekarar 1990. Babban birnin kasar shine, Windhoek. 

Nambiya tana karkashin Kungiyar United nations UN da Gungiyan Cigaban Kasashan Afirka, (S A D C) kuma tana cikin kungiyan Ƙasashen Afirka (AU)  kuma tana cikin kasashe masu karancin ruwan sama, saboda tana a saharah. Kasa mafi karancin ruwa a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara,"Communal Land Reform Act, Afrikaans" (PDF). Government of Namibia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2016 Mutane da dama sun wanzu a Namibiya tun farkon tarihi irinsu mutanen San, Damara da kuma Mutanen Nama. Daf da karni na 14, mutanen Bantu sunyi hijira kuma sun isa garin a matsayin wani bangare na fadadar harshen Bantu. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ƙungiyoyin Bantu, mafi girmansu sune mutanen Ovambo, sun mamaye yawancin al'ummar ƙasar; tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, sun kasance ƙungiya mafi rinjaye a kasar. A yau Namibiya tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe mafi karancin yawan jama"a a duniya.
Tana da yawan jama'a 2.55 mutane miliyan kuma tabbatacciya ce ta jam'iyyu masu zaman kansu . Noma, yawon shakatawa da kuma ma'adinai - ciki har da hakar ma'adinai na lu'u-lu'u, uranium, zinariya, azurfa da ƙananan karafa – kafa tushen tattalin arzikinta, yayin da masana'antun ke da ƙanƙanta.A shekara ta 1884, Daular Jamus ta kafa mulki bisa mafi yawan yankunan, inda ta kafa wani yanki mai suna jamus ta kudu maso yammacin afirikia  . A tsakanin 1904, zuwa 1908, ta yi kisan kare dangi a kan mutanen Herero da Nama . Mulkin Jamus ya ƙare a shekara ta 1915 tare da shan kaye daga sojojin Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 1920, bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, kungiyoyin  sun bada izini ga mulkin mallaka ga Afirka ta Kudu. A matsayin iko na tilas, Afirka ta Kudu ta sanya dokokinta, gami da rarrabuwar kabilanci da ka'idoji. Daga 1948, tare da Jam'iyyar National Party da aka zaba a kan mulki, wannan ya haɗa da Afirka ta Kudu ta yi amfani da wariyar launin fata ga abin da ake kira South West Africa . A cikin karni na 20 na baya-bayan nan, tashe-tashen hankula da neman wakilcin siyasa daga 'yan gwagwarmayar siyasa na Afirka na neman 'yancin kai ya sa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta dauki alhakin kai tsaye kan yankin a shekarar 1966, amma ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu ta ci gaba da  mulki. A cikin 1973, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin wakiliyar jama'ar Namibiya. Bayan ci gaba da yakin neman zabe, Namibiya ta samu 'yancin kai a shekarar 1990. Koyaya, Walvis Bay da tsibirin Penguin sun kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Afirka ta Kudu har zuwa 1994."Communal Land Reform Act, German" (PDF). Government of Namibia. Retrieved 18 February 2016.

 Tarihi 
Sunan ƙasar ya samo asali ne daga hamadar Namib, hamada mafi tsufa a duniya. "Communal Land Reform Act, Khoekhoegowab" (PDF). Government of Namibia. Archived from the original Sunan Namib da kansa ya samo asali ne daga Nama kuma yana nufin "babban wuri". Mburumba Kerina ne ya zaɓi wannan kalmar don ƙasar, wanda tun farko ya ba da shawarar sunan "Jamhuriyar Namib". "Communal Land Reform Act, Otjiherero" (PDF). Government of Namibia. Retrieved 18 February 2016 Kafin samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1990, an fara sanin yankin da Jamus ta Kudu-maso-Yammacin Afirka ( Deutsch-Südwestafrika ), sannan a matsayin Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma, wanda ke nuni da mamayar da Jamusawa da Afirka ta Kudu suka yi wa mulkin mallaka.

 Zamanin mulkin mallaka 
San, Damara, da Nama suna zaune a busasshiyar ƙasar Namibiya tun zamanin da. Kusan ƙarni na 14, mutanen Bantu masu hijira sun fara zuwa a lokacin fadada Bantu daga tsakiyar Afirka. "Communal Land Reform Act, Oshiwambo" (PDF). Government of Namibia. Archived from the original

Daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 18 zuwa gaba, mutanen Oorlam daga Cape Colony sun ketare Kogin Orange kuma suka ƙaura zuwa yankin da a yau yake kudancin Namibiya. "Communal Land Reform Act, Rukwangali" (PDF). Government of Namibia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2016 Ganawar da suka yi da kabilar Nama makiyaya ta kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali. Sun karɓi mishan ɗin da ke tare da Oorlam da kyau, yana ba su 'yancin yin amfani da rijiyoyin ruwa da kiwo a kan biyan kuɗi na shekara-shekara. A kan hanyarsu ta zuwa arewa, duk da haka, Oorlam sun ci karo da dangin OvaHerero a Windhoek, Gobabis, da Okahandja, waɗanda suka ƙi cin zarafi. Yakin Nama-Herero ya barke a shekara ta 1880, inda kuma rikici ya barke bayan da Daular Jamus ta tura dakaru zuwa wuraren da ake gwabzawa tare da tabbatar da matsayin Nama, Oorlam, da Herero.  A cikin 1878, Cape of Good Hope, lokacin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya, ya mamaye tashar jiragen ruwa na Walvis Bay da tsibirin Penguin na bakin teku; Wadannan sun zama wani muhimmin bangare na sabuwar Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin da aka kirkiro ta a cikin 1910.

Turawa na farko da suka fara sauka tare da bincika yankin su ne ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na Portuguese Diogo Cão a 1485 "Communal Land Reform Act, Lozi" (PDF). Government of Namibia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2016. da Bartolomeu Dias a shekarar 1486, amma Portuguese ba su yi ƙoƙarin neman yankin ba. Kamar yawancin cikin yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara, Turawa ba su yi bincike sosai a Namibiya ba har sai karni na 19. A lokacin 'yan kasuwa da mazauna sun fito ne daga Jamus da Sweden. A shekara ta 1870, masu wa’azi a ƙasar Finland sun zo yankin arewacin Namibiya don yaɗa addinin Lutheran tsakanin mutanen Ovambo da Kavango .  A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, Dorsland Trekkers sun tsallaka yankin akan hanyarsu daga Transvaal zuwa Angola. Wasu daga cikinsu sun zauna a Namibiya maimakon su ci gaba da tafiya

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