Cuba

Cuba ƙasa ce dake a nahiyar Amurka  inda ake kira da karibiyan. Babban birnin ta itace Havana. 

Asalin sunanta
Masana tarihi sun yi imanin sunan Cuba ya fito ne daga harshen Taíno; duk da haka, “ainihin abin da aka samo shi [ba a san shi] ba”Cuba – Cultural institutions | history – geography". Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 11. Archived from the original on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017]. Ba a fayyace ainihin ma'anar sunan ba, amma ana iya fassara shi ko dai a matsayin 'inda ƙasa mai albarka take da yawa' (cubao),"Alfred Carrada – The Dictionary of the Taino Language" ko 'babban wuri' (coabana).

Tarihi
Manyan labarai: Tarihin Cuba da Timeline na tarihin Cuban
Zamanin Pre-Columbia
'Yan Adam sun fara zama a Cuba kusan shekaru 6,000 da suka gabata, sun samo asali ne daga ƙaura daga Arewacin Amurka ta Kudu ko Amurka ta Tsakiya.Fernandes, Daniel M.; Sirak, Kendra A.; Ringbauer, Harald; Sedig, Jakob; Rohland, Nadin; Cheronet, Olivia; Mah, Matthew; Mallick, Swapan; Olalde, Iñigo; Culleton, Brendan J.; Adamski, Nicole; Bernardos, Rebecca; Bravo, Guillermo; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Callan, Kimberly (4 February 2021). "A genetic history of the pre-contact Caribbean". Nature. 590 (7844): 103–110. Bibcode:2021Natur.590..103F. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03053-2. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 7864882. PMID 33361817Shigowar mutane zuwa Cuba yana da alaƙa da bacewar tsibiran dabbobin na asali, musamman ma daɗaɗɗen ramuka.rihuela, Johanset; Viñola, Lázaro W.; Jiménez Vázquez, Osvaldo; Mychajliw, Alexis M.; Hernández de Lara, Odlanyer; Lorenzo, Logel; Soto-Centeno, J. Angel (December 2020). "Assessing the role of humans in Greater Antillean land vertebrate extinctions: New insights from Cuba". Quaternary Science Reviews. 249: 106597. Bibcode:2020QSRv..24906597O. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106597. ISSN 0277-3791. Kakannin mutanen Taíno masu yaren Arawakan sun isa yankin Caribbean a wata ƙaura ta dabam daga Kudancin Amirka kimanin shekaru 1,700 da suka wuce. Ba kamar mazaunan Cuba na baya ba, Taíno ta samar da tukwane da yawa kuma sun tsunduma cikin aikin noma sosai."A genetic history of the pre-contact Caribbean"Bayanan farko na mutanen Taíno a Cuba sun kasance a karni na 9 AD.Keegan, William F.; Hofman, Corinne L. (23 February 2017). "Cuba, the Bahama Archipelago, and Jamaica". The Caribbean before Columbus. Oxford University Press. pp. 151–196. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190605247.003.0006. ISBN 978-0-19-060524-7.Zuriyar mutanen farko na Cuba sun ci gaba da kasancewa a yammacin tsibirin har zuwa tuntuɓar Columbian, inda aka rubuta su a matsayin mutanen Guanahatabey, waɗanda suka yi rayuwar mafarauci.Roksandic, van (20 September 2016). "The Role of the Nicaraguan Rise in the Early Peopling of the Greater Antilles". Cuban Archaeology in the Caribbean. University Press of Florida. pp. 8–16. doi:10.5744/florida/9781683400028.003.0002. ISBN 978-1-68340-002-8. Fernandes, Daniel M.; Sirak, Kendra A.; Ringbauer, Harald; Sedig, Jakob; Rohland, Nadin; Cheronet, Olivia; Mah, Matthew; Mallick, Swapan; Olalde, Iñigo; Culleton, Brendan J.; Adamski, Nicole; Bernardos, Rebecca; Bravo, Guillermo; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Callan, Kimberly (4 February 2021). "A genetic history of the pre-contact Caribbean". Nature. 590 (7844): 103–110. Bibcode:2021Natur.590..103F. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03053-2. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 7864882. PMID 33361817

Mulkin Sipaniya da Mulki (1492-1898)
Manyan labarai: Gwamnar Cuba da Kyaftin Janar na Cuba
Bayan ya fara sauka a tsibirin da ake kira Guanahani a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 1492, Henken, Ted (2008). Cuba: A Global Studies Handbook. ABC-CLIO. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-85109-984-9. (gives the landing date in Cuba as 27 October)Christopher Columbus ya sauka a Cuba a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1492, kuma ya sauka a gabar tekun arewa maso gabas a ranar 28 ga Oktoba.(gives the landing date in Cuba as 28 October) Columbus ya yi ikirarin tsibirin don sabuwar Masarautar SpainGott 2004 kuma ya sanya mata suna Isla Juana ("Tsibirin John") bayan John, Yariman Asturia.Andrea, Alfred J.; Overfield, James H. (2005). "Letter by Christopher Columbus concerning recently discovered islands". The Human Record. Vol. 1. Houghton 
McAlister 1984. Andrea, Alfred J.; Overfield, James H. (2005). "Letter by Christopher Columbus concerning recently discovered islands". The Human Record. Vol. 1. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-618-37040-5

Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, wanda ya ci Cuba
A cikin 1511, Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar ya kafa ƙauyen Spain na farko a Baracoa. Ba da daɗewa ba wasu ƙauyuka suka biyo baya, ciki har da San Cristobal de la Habana, wanda aka kafa a 1514 (kudancin tekun tsibirin) sannan a cikin 1519 (wuri na yanzu), wanda daga baya ya zama babban birni (1607). An tilasta wa 'yan asalin Taíno yin aiki a ƙarƙashin tsarin encomienda, "Encomienda or Slavery? The Spanish Crown's Choice of Labor Organization in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America" wanda ya yi kama da tsarin feudal a Turai na da.McAlister 1984 A cikin karni guda, 'yan asalin ƙasar sun fuskanci yawan mace-mace saboda dalilai da yawa, musamman cututtukan Eurasian, waɗanda ba su da juriya na dabi'a (kariya), wanda ya tsananta da mummunan yanayi na mulkin mallaka na danniya.., Jared M. (1998). Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. c: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0-393-03891-0. Archived from the original on 16 January 2010. Retrieved 26 August 2017. A cikin 1529, barkewar cutar kyanda ta kashe kashi biyu bisa uku na waɗancan ƴan ƙasar da suka tsira daga cutar sankara a baya."Encomienda or Slavery? The Spanish Crown's Choice of Labor Organization in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America" Diamond, Jared M. (1998). Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. c: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0-393-03891-0. Archived from the original on 16 January 2010. Retrieved 26 August 2017.

A ranar 18 ga Mayu 1539, mai nasara Hernando de Soto ya tashi daga Havana tare da wasu mabiya 600 zuwa wani balaguron balaguro ta kudu maso gabashin Amurka, don neman zinari, taska, shahara da ƙarfi.]Davidson, James West. After the Fact: The Art of Historical Detection Volume 1. New York: McGraw Hill, 2010. Chapter 1, p.A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1548, an nada Gonzalo Perez de Angulo gwamnan Cuba. Ya isa birnin Santiago na kasar Kuba a ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1549, kuma nan take ya ayyana 'yancin duk 'yan asalin kasarWright 1916 Ya zama gwamna na dindindin na Cuba na farko da ya zauna a Havana a maimakon Santiago, kuma ya gina cocin farko na Havana da aka yi da katako Wright 1916c]

Taswirar Kuba, c. 1680
A shekara ta 1570, yawancin mazaunan Kuba sun ƙunshi cakuda al'adun Mutanen Espanya, Afirka, da Taino.Cuba". Encyclopædia Britannica. 25 April 2023. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2017 Cuba ta ci gaba sannu a hankali kuma, ba kamar tsibiran shuka na Caribbean ba, suna da noma iri-iri. Mafi mahimmanci, mulkin mallaka ya bunƙasa a matsayin al'ummar birni wanda da farko ke goyon bayan daular mulkin mallaka na Spain. A tsakiyar karni na 18, akwai bayi 50,000 a tsibirin. Alkaluma sun nuna cewa a tsakanin shekarun 1790 zuwa 1820 an shigo da 'yan Afirka kimanin 325,000 zuwa Cuba a matsayin bayi, wanda ya ninka adadin da aka samu a tsakanin shekarun 1760 zuwa 1790.Ferrer, Ada (2014). Freedom's Mirror: Cuba and Haiti in the Age of Revolution. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-1107029422.

A cikin 1812, Tawayen Bawan Aponte ya faru, amma daga ƙarshe aka danne shi.Childs, Matt D. (2006). The 1813 Aponte Rebellion in Cuba and the Struggle against Atlantic Slavery. The University of North Carolina Press. p. 320 pages. ISBN 978-0-8078-5772Yawan jama'ar Cuba a 1817 ya kai 630,980 (wanda 291,021 fari ne, 115,691 mutane ne masu 'yanci masu launi (gauraye-kabilanci), da kuma bayi 224,268 bakakeScheina 2003 Yawan jama'a a 1841 ya kasance 1,007,624 wanda 425,521 daga cikin bayi baƙar fata ne 418,291 farare ne.The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge (First ed.). London: Charles Knight. 1848. p. Vol V, p.132

Manazarta
Category:Ƙasashen Karibiyan