Augustus

Gaius Julius Kaisar Augustushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus (an haife shi Gaius Octavius; 23 Satumba 63 BC - 19 Agusta AD 14), wanda kuma aka sani da Octavian (Latin: Octavianus), shine wanda ya kafa Daular Roma. Ya yi sarauta a matsayin sarki na farko na Roma daga 27 BC har zuwa mutuwarsa a AD 14.[a] Sarautar Augustus ya ƙaddamar da tsarin ibada na sarki, da kuma lokacin zaman lafiya na daular (Pax Romana ko Pax Augusta) wanda duniyar Romawa a cikinta ya kasance ba tare da rikici ba. An kafa tsarin mulki na Principate a zamaninsa kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa rikicin karni na uku.

Octavian an haife shi a cikin reshen dawaki na plebeian gens Octavia. An kashe kawunsa Julius Kaisar a shekara ta 44 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, kuma an kira Octavian a cikin wasiyyar Kaisar a matsayin ɗansa da kuma magaji; a sakamakon haka, ya gāji sunan Kaisar, dukiyarsa, da amincin sojojinsa. Shi, Mark Antony, da Marcus Lepidus sun kafa Triumvirate na Biyu don kayar da masu kisan Kaisar. Bayan nasarar da suka yi a yakin Filibi (42 BC), Triumvirate ya raba Jamhuriyar Roma a tsakaninsu kuma suka yi mulki a matsayin masu mulkin kama karya. A ƙarshe dai Triumvirate ɗin ta wargaje saboda kishi na membobinta; An kori Lepidus a cikin 36 BC, kuma Octavian ya ci Antony a yakin Actium a 31 BC. Antony da matarsa Cleopatra, Sarauniyar Ptolemaic ta Masar, sun kashe kansu a lokacin da Octavian ya mamaye Masar, wanda ya zama lardin Romawa.

Bayan mutuwar Triumvirate na biyu, Augustus ya maido da facade na jamhuriyar 'yanci, tare da ikon gwamnati ga Majalisar Dattijai ta Roma, alkalan zartarwa da majalisun dokoki, duk da haka ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ikon mulkin kama karya ta hanyar sa Majalisar Dattawa ta ba shi damar zama kwamanda. -in-chief, tribune da censor. Ana ganin irin wannan shubuha a cikin zaɓaɓɓun sunayensa, rashin amincewa da mukaman sarauta inda ya kira kansa Princeps Civitatis ('Dan kasa na Farko') tare da ɗaukar taken Augustus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus#CITEREFSuetonius

Augustus ya kara girman daular, inda ya hade Masar, Dalmatia, Pannonia, Noricum, da Raetia, ya fadada dukiya a Afirka, ya kuma kammala cin nasarar Hispania, amma ya fuskanci babban koma baya a Jamus. Bayan iyakoki, ya tabbatar da daular tare da yanki mai fa'ida na jihohin abokan ciniki kuma ya yi zaman lafiya da Daular Parthia ta hanyar diflomasiyya. Ya gyara tsarin biyan haraji na Romawa, ya haɓaka hanyoyin hanyoyin da tsarin jigilar kaya na hukuma, ya kafa runduna ta tsaye, ya kafa Guard Guard da kuma ‘yan sanda na hukuma da na kashe gobara na Roma, kuma ya sake gina yawancin birnin a lokacin mulkinsa. Augustus ya mutu a cikin AD 14 yana da shekaru 75, mai yiwuwa daga dalilai na halitta. Jita-jita da ke ci gaba da yaduwa, wanda aka tabbatar da mutuwarsa a cikin dangin sarki, sun yi ikirarin cewa matarsa Livia ta sa masa guba. Ɗansa Tiberius, ɗan Livia kuma tsohon mijin Augustus tilo na ɗa, Julia ce ta gaje shi a matsayin sarki.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus#CITEREFBlackburnHolford-Strevens2003

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