Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya

Shams ad-Din Abd Allāh Muhammad ʾAbī Bakr ibn ʾAyyub az-Zurʿī ad-Dimashqī al-Ḥanbalī (29 Jan. 1292-15 Sep. 1350 CE / 691-751 AH), wanda aka fi sani da Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah ("The son of the principal) al-Jawziyyah" ko kuma Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah . ("Dan shugaban makaranta"; ابن القيّم) a takaice, ko kuma girmamawa a matsayin al-Imam Ibn al-Qayyim a cikin al'adar Sunna, wani muhimmin masanin shari'a ne na Islama , masanin tauhidi, kuma marubucin ruhi .na mazhabar Hanbaliyya na Fiqhu ne, wanda ake ganinsa a matsayin "daya daga cikin manyan masu tunani,"  Ibn al-Qayyim kuma shi ne babban almajiri kuma dalibin Ibn Taimiyyah,  wanda aka daure shi a shekara ta 1326 a lokacin da Ibn Tadeliyya ya yi kaurin suna wajen sabani a cikin hadisin da Ibn Tadeliyya ya yi. na Damascus . 

Daga cikin kaskanci, mahaifin Ibn al-Qayyim shine shugaban ( qayyim ) na makarantar Jawziyyah, wanda kuma ya kasance kotun shari'a ga alkalin Hanbali na Damascus a lokacin.  Ibn al-Qayyim ya ci gaba da zama kwararre mai ilimi, inda ya samar da hamshakiyar ayyukan '' rukunan da adabi ''.  A sakamakon haka, da yawa daga cikin manyan malaman musulmi na zamanin Mamluk daga cikin daliban Ibn al-Qayyim ko kuma, alal akalla, sun yi tasiri sosai a gare shi, ciki har da, da sauransu, masanin tarihin Shafiyya Ibn Kathir (wanda ya rasu 774/1373), malamin hadisi na Hanbali Ibn Rajab (d. 795/1397. Ibn Hajar al-Ajarni al-Ibn Hajar) da Ibn Hajar al-Aqalani . 852/1449). A , sunan Ibn al-Qayyim ya zama abin cece-kuce a wasu ɓangarori na duniyar Musulunci saboda shahararsa a tsakanin mabiya Salafiyya da  wadanda suke ganin a cikin sukar da ya yi kan irin wadannan ayyukan Sufaye da suka yadu a zamanin da suke da alaka da girmama waliyyai da girmama kaburburansu . 

 Suna 
Muḥammad bn  Bakr bn Ayyub bn Sa ' d bn Hariz Arabic  Zain ad-Dīn az- Zur ī  ), al-Dimashqī ( Arabic   ), with kunya of ʾ Abu ' Abd Allah ( Arabic   ), ana kiransa Shams ad-Dīn ( Arabic   ). Yawancin lokaci ana kiransa da Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, bayan mahaifinsa Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub al-Zur'i, wanda shi ne mai kula da ( qayyim ) na Madrasah Jawziyyah, kwalejin shari'a ta Hanbali a Damascus.

 Tarihin Rayuwa 

 Malamai 
Yayin da babban malamin Ibn al-Qayyim ya yi karatu a wurin shi ne malami Ibn Taimiyya, ya kuma yi karatu a gaban wasu malamai da suka haɗa da mahaifinsa, Abu Bakr ibn Ayoub, Ibn 'Abd ad-Da'im, Shams ad-Dīn adh-Dhahabī, da Safi ad-Din al-Hindi . Roger M. A. Allen, Joseph Edmund Lowry, Devin J. Stewart, Essays in Arabic Literary Biography: 1350-1850, p 211.  Ibn al-Qayyim ya fara karatu a gaban Ibn Taimiyya yana dan shekara 21 (1313-1328), bayan ya koma Dimashq daga Alkahira, kuma ya zauna tare da shi yana karatu tare da zama makusancinsa har Ibn Taimiyya ya rasu a shekara ta 1328 miladiyya. Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, p 362.  A sakamakon wannan haɗin gwiwa na shekaru 16, ya bayyana ra'ayoyin malaminsa a kan batutuwa daban-daban, duk da cewa tsarinsa na mu'amala da sauran malamai ana ganin ba shi da matsala. Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, p 363. 

 Ɗauri ='
An tsare Ibn al-Qayyim a gidan yari tare da malaminsa Ibn Taimiyyah daga shekara ta 1326 zuwa 1328, lokacin da Ibn Taimiyya ya rasu, aka sako Ibn al-Qayyim.  A cewar masanin tarihi al-Maqrizi, dalilai guda biyu ne suka kai shi ga kama shi: na farko shi ne huɗubar da Ibn al-Qayyim ya yi a birnin Kudus wadda a cikinta ya yi watsi da ziyarar kaburbura, ciki har da kabarin Muhammad a Madina, na biyu shi ne yarjejeniyarsa da ra'ayin Ibn Taimiyya kan batun saki, wanda ya saba wa ra'ayin mafi yawan malamai a Damascus. 

Yaƙin neman a ɗaure Ibn al-Qayyim ya kasance karkashin jagorancin malaman Shafi'iyya da Malikiyya, sannan kuma ya samu halartar alkalan Hanbali da Hanafiyya . 

Yayin da yake kurkuku, Ibn al-Qayyim ya shagaltu da Alkur'ani. A cewar Ibn Rajab, Ibn al-Qayyim ya yi amfani da mafi yawan lokacin daurinsa: sakamakon nan da nan na zurfafa cikin Alkur'ani a lokacin da yake kurkuku ya kasance jerin abubuwan da suka faru na sufanci (wanda aka kwatanta da dhawq, sanin sirrin Ubangiji kai tsaye, da mawjud, farin ciki da ke faruwa ta hanyar haduwa da Hakikanin Ubangiji kai tsaye). 

 Rayuwa ta ruhaniya 
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah ya rubuta dogon sharhin ruhi akan wata risala da Hanbali Sufi Khwaja Abdullah Ansari ya rubuta mai suna Madarij al-Salikin . 

A cikin wannan tafsirin ya bayyana soyayyarsa da jin dadinsa ga Ansari da fadinsa "Hakika ni ina son Shehu, amma na fi son gaskiya!" Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah yana nuni ga Ansari mai suna " Sheikhul Islam " a cikin littafinsa Al-Wabil al-Sayyib min al-Kalim  

 Mutuwa 
Ibn al-Qayyim ya rasu yana da shekaru 60, watanni 5, da kwanaki 5, a daren 13 ga watan Rajab, shekara ta 751 bayan hijira (15 ga Satumba, 1350 Miladiyya), kuma an binne shi tare da mahaifinsa a makabartar Bab al-Saghīr . 

 Ra'ayi 


 Shari'a 
Kamar malaminsa Ibn Taimiyya, Ibn Qayyim, ya goyi bayan manyan iko ga gwamnati da kuma gurfanar da su. Ya yi jayayya, alal misali, "cewa yana da kyau sau da yawa a hukunta wani mai ƙasƙanci" wanda ya yi zargin cewa wani "mai daraja ne."  

Ibn Qayyim "ya tsara ra'ayoyin hujjoji" wanda ya sanya alkalai "ba su dogara da shaidar baka ba fiye da kowane lokaci." Misali ɗaya shine kafa mahaifar yaro da masana suka yi bincike a fuskar "yaro da mahaifinsa da ake zarginsa da kamanceceniya".   Wani kuma yana cikin ƙayyadaddun rashin ƙarfi. Idan mace ta nemi saki bisa dalilin rashin karfin mijinta kuma mijinta ya ki amincewa da wannan da'awar, alkali zai iya samun samfurin fitar maniyyi. A cewar Ibn Qayyim "Maniyyi na gaskiya ne kawai ya bar ragowar farin idan aka tafasa".  

Yayin da yake yi wa wanda ake tuhuma tambayoyi, Ibn Qayyim ya yi imanin cewa za a iya dukan shaidun da ake tuhuma idan sun kasance "marasa mutunci".   Wannan ya bambanta da yawancin malaman fikihu waɗanda a koyaushe suka yarda "cewa waɗanda ake zargi da laifi suna da damar yin shiru idan an zarge su."  Lauya kuma marubuci Sadakat Kadri ya bayyana cewa, "a matsayin madaidaicin tarihi, tun asali shari'ar Musulunci ta haramta azabtarwa."  Amma Ibn Qayyim ya yi imani da cewa "Annabi Muhammad, da Khalifofi shiryayyu, da sauran Sahabbai " da sun goyi bayan matsayinsa.   

 Astrology da alchemy 
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah ya yi adawa da bokanci da duban kowane iri, amma ya yi adawa da ilimin taurari, wanda masu yinsa suka kuskura su "tunanin cewa za su iya sanin sirrin da ke cikin sirrin hikimar Allah madaukakin sarki."  A haƙiƙa, waɗanda suka yi imani da cewa jikunan sama suna rinjayar halayen ɗan adam da abubuwan da suka faru, sun kasance "mafi jahiltar mutane, mafi kuskure kuma mafi nisa daga bil'adama ... mafi jahiltar mutane game da ruhinsa da mahaliccinsa".

A cikin Miftah Dar al-Sa’adah, baya ga la’antar masu falakanci da cewa sun fi kafirai sharri, yana amfani da dalilai masu ma’ana don karyata al’adar alchemy da falaki tare da ka’idojin da ke tattare da su, kamar duba da canza karafa, misali yana jayayya:

 Sufanci 
Ko da yake Ibn al-Qayyim wani lokaci ana siffanta shi a yau a matsayin makiyin sufanci mara kunya, amma tarihi ya san cewa hakika yana da “babban sha’awa ga Sufanci ,” wanda ya taso ne daga yadda ya gallabi al’adar da Sufanci ya yadu a tsakanin Musulmi a lokacinsa.  Wasu daga cikin manyan ayyukansa, kamar su Madārij, Ṭarīq al-hijratayn ( Hanyar Hijira Biyu ) da Miftāḥ dar al-sa'āda ( Mabuɗin Mazaunan Farin Ciki ), "sun keɓe kusan gabaɗayan jigogin Sufanci," amma duk da haka ana yin la'akari da irin waɗannan "jigogi a cikin kusan dukkanin ayyukansa na ruhaniya, ciki har da irin waɗannan abubuwan da suka haɗa da ayyukan ruhaniya  al-Wābil al-Sayyib, kisasi ce mai matukar muhimmanci da ke bayani kan muhimmancin yin zikiri, da kuma magnum opus mai daraja, Madārij al-sālikīn ( The Wayfarers' Stages ), wanda tsawaita tafsiri ne kan wani aiki da Hanbaliyyah na karni na goma sha daya ya rubuta kuma hamshakin sufi Abdullah Ansariy, wanda Ibn Al-Qayyim ya yi nuni da shi a matsayin waliyyi na Abdullahi Ansariy. al-Islam ."  A cikin dukkan irin wadannan rubuce-rubucen, a fili yake Ibn al-Qayyim ya rubuta don yin magana da "masu sha'awar Sufanci musamman da ... 'matsalolin zuciya' ... gabaɗaya,"  da kuma hujjar hakan ta tabbata cewa ya faɗa, a cikin gabatarwar ɗan littafinsa na Haƙuri da godiya, "Wannan littafi ne don amfanar sarakuna da sarakuna, da ma'abuta ilimi, ga ma'abuta ilimi, da ma'abota ilimi, ga ma'abota ilimi, da ma'abota ilimi. wanda zai tashi, ku raka matafiyi akan Hanya ( al-sā’ir fīl-ṭariq ) kuma ku sanar da mai tafiya zuwa ga manufa”. Wasu malaman sun kwatanta rawar da Ibn al-Qayyim ya taka da na Ghazali shekaru dari biyu kafin ya yi, ta yadda ya yi kokarin "sake ganowa da kuma maido da tushen tushen Musulunci na cikin gida." 

Hakanan gaskiya ne, duk da haka, cewa Ibn al-Qayyim haƙiƙa ya faɗi wasu munanan ra'ayoyin malaminsa Ibn Taimiyya game da abin da ya ɗauka ya wuce gona da iri a aikin sufanci.  Misali, yana jin cewa tasirin ayyukan Ibn Arabi da ya mamaye duniya baki daya yana haifar da kura-kurai a cikin rukunan. A sakamakon haka, ya yi watsi da ra'ayin Ibn Arabi na wahdat al-wajud ko "haɗin kai na zama,  " kuma yana adawa da, haka ma, wasu daga cikin mafi matsananci "nau'i na Sufanci da suka sami kudin shiga musamman a cikin sabon wurin zama na musulmi, Mamluk Misira da Sham ."  Wato, bai taba yin Allah wadai da Sufanci ba, kuma ayyukansa masu yawa sun shaida, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ga gagarumin girma da ya rike mafi rinjayen hadisin Sufaye.  Dangane da wannan, yana da mahimmanci cewa Ibn al-Qayyim ya bi Ibn Taimiyyah a cikin "yabo" na farko na ruhaniya al-Junayd, daya daga cikin shahararrun waliyyai a cikin al'adar Sufaye,  da kuma "sauran malaman ruhaniya na farko na Bagadaza wadanda daga baya aka san su da 'sober' Sufaye." A hakikanin gaskiya, Ibn al-Qayyim bai la'anci Sufaye masu farin ciki ba, game da fashewar sufanci a matsayin alamun "rauni" na ruhaniya maimakon bidi'a .  Matsayin Ibn al-Qayyim yana da rangwame akan wannan al'amari ya sa ya rubuta uzuri game da fitintinu da yawa na Sufaye na farko, kamar yadda Sufaye da yawa suka yi a gabansa. 

 liyafar 
Ibn Qayyim ya sami daraja a wurin malamai da dama a lokacin rayuwarsa da bayan rayuwarsa. Ibn Kathir ya ce:

Ibn Rajab daya daga cikin daliban Ibn Qayyim ya ce:

 Suka 
Ibn Qayyim ya sha suka daga malamai da dama, daga cikinsu akwai:

 Taqi al-Din al-Subki (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 756/1355) ya zarge shi da bidi'a da matsananciyar dabi'a da takfiri na ashariya a cikin wakarsa mai suna al-Kafiya al-Shafiya fi al-Intisar lil-Firqa al-Najiya (. 'Mai Isa da Waraka [Waka] Akan Nasarar Darikar Tsira') .  Don haka Subki ya rubuta masa littafi mai suna: " Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd ala Ibn Zafil ". 
 Ibn Hajar al-Haytami (d. 974/1566-7) a cikin  ya ayyana Ibn al-Qayyim da malaminsa Ibn Taimiyya a matsayin ‘yan bidi’a.  Ya siffanta matsayinsu a kan sifofin Ubangiji a matsayin masu ilimin halittar dan adam . 

 Gado 

 Ayyuka 
Gudunmawar Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah ga dakin karatu na musulunci yana da yawa, kuma sun shafi tafsirin Alkur'ani da fahimta da kuma nazarin hadisai na annabta ( Fiqhu-us Sunnah ). Ya "rubuta litattafai wajen dari",  gami da:

 Zad al-Ma'ad (Provision of the Lahira)
 Turukul Hikmiyat fis Siasatush Sharia
 Al-Waabil Sayyib minal kalim tayyib – sharhin hadisi game da annabin musulunci Yahya ibn Zakariyya.
 I'laamul Muwaqqi'een 'an Rabb il 'Aalameen
 Tahthib Sunan Abi Da'ud
 Madaarij Saalikeen, wanda sharhi ne mai fadi akan littafin Shaikh Abu Ismail al-Ansari al-Harawi al-Sufi, Manazil-u Sa'ireen (Tashoshin Masu Neman);
 Tafsirin Mu'awwadhatain (Tafsir na Surah Falaq and Nas);
 Tafsirin Ibn al-Qayyim (BADAA'I AT-TAFSIR).
 Badā'iʿ al-Fawa'id (بدائع الفوائد): Abubuwan Al'ajabi na Amfani
 Ad-Dā'i wa Dawā also known as Al Jawābul kāfi liman sa'ala 'an Dawā'i Shaafi
 Haadi Arwah ila biladil Afrah
 Uddat as-Sabirin wa Dhakhiratu ash-Shakirin (عدة الصابرين وذخيرة الشاكرين)
 Ighathatu lahfaan min masaa'id ash-shaytan (إغاثة اللهفان من مصائد الشيطان) : Taimako ga Mai Sha'awar Hakuri da Shaidan
 Rawdhatul Muhibbin
 Ahkam ahl-dhimma
 Tuhfatul Mawdud bi Ahkam al-Mawlud: Kyauta Ga Masoyi Game da Hukunce-hukuncen Jariri.
 Miftah Dar As-Sa'adah
 Jala al-afham fi fadhl salati ala khayral anam
 Al-Manar al-Munif
 Al-Tibb al-Nabawi – littafi kan maganin Annabci, samuwa a cikin Turanci a matsayin "Maganin Annabci", bugun Dar al-Fikr a Beirut (Lebanon), ko kuma a matsayin "Warkar da Maganin Annabi (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa'alihi Wasallam)", bugun Darussalam Publications.
 Al-Furusiyyah 
 Shifa al-Alil fi masa'il al qada'i wal qadri wal hikmati wa at-ta'leel
 Mukhtasar al-Sawa'iq
 Hadi al-Arwah ila Bilad al-Arfah (Spurring Souls on to the Realms of Joy)
 Risala kan maharba Larabawa ita ce ta Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, Muḥammad ibn Abi Bakr (1292 AD-1350AD) kuma ta zo daga karni na 14. 

 Manazarta 

 Kara karantawa 



 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Biodata a MuslimScholars.info
 Who is Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya? - Hidaya Research 



 Labarai da Tarin Littattafai
 Nassin Ibn al-Qayyim
 Littattafai



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