Fatiha

Sūratul-Fātiḥahhttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Fatiha (Larabci سُورَةُ الْفَاتِحَة) itace (surah) ta farko acikin alkur'ani. Ayoyin (ayat) ta bakwai addu'o'i ne na neman shiriya, da girmamawa ga Allah, da neman rahmar Allah. suratul fatiha nada mutukar mahimmanci acikin (sallah). Ma'anar kalmar "al-Fātiḥah" a ilimance shine "Mabudi" Wanda hakan me nuna itace ta farko acikin alkur'ani, ita tafara bude surorin alkur'ani  (Fātiḥat al-kitāb), da kasancewa itace Surar da akekaranta ta cikakkiya acikin kowace (rakʿah), da kuma yadda takasance itace ake farawa da'ita a wurin gabatar da abubuwan addinin daban-daban.Joseph E. B. Lumbard "Commentary on Sūrat al-Fātiḥah," The Study Quran. ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph Lumbard, Muhammad Rustom (San Francisco: Harper One, 2015), p. 3. 

'Surah fatah' ita ce sura ta farko (sura) na Alqur'ani. Ya ƙunshi ayoyi bakwai (ayat)  waɗanda suka ƙunshi addu'ar shiriya da rahama.

Ana karanta Al-Fatiha a cikin sallolin wajibi na musulmi da na sunnah. Farkon ma'anar kalmar "Al-Fatiha" ita ce "Mabude/Mabudi".https://www.al-islam.org/enlightening-commentary-light-holy-quran-vol-1/surah-al-fatihah-chapter-1

 Takaitawa 
An ruwaito Suratul Fatiha a cikin Hadisi cewa an kasa raba kashi biyu tsakanin Allah da bawansa (mai karantawa), ayoyi uku na farko su ne ke magana akan Allah madaukaki, ukun karshe kuma na bawan.  Akwai sabani akan ko Bismillah ita ce aya ta farko a cikin surah, ko ma aya ce tun farko.  Babin ya fara ne da yabon Allah da fadin  Alhamdulillah, kuma ya bayyana cewa Allah ne mai cikakken iko a kan dukkan halittu (aya 1/2), cewa shi ne Ar-Rahman Ar-Rahim  ko kuma Mai rahama da jin kai (aya 2).  /3), kuma shi ne kuma zai kasance mai mallakar komai na gaskiya da kowa a ranar sakamako (aya 3/4).https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kathir#Tafsir

Suratul Fatiha ta fara ne da godewa Allah domin shi ne 'Rabb' (Ubangiji, Larabci yana da kalmar 'rabb' wacce ke dauke da ma'ana guda da kalmar Ingilishi "Ubangiji") na talikai.

"Idan kuka yi kokarin kidaya ni'imomin Allah, ba za ku iya kidaya su ba. Lalle ne dan Adam (mutane) ba su da adalci.

Ayoyi uku na karshe wadanda suka kunshi rabin bawan, sun fara ne da bawan yana bayyana cewa suna bautawa kuma suna neman taimakon Allah ne kawai (aya 4/5), suna rokonsa ya shiryar da su zuwa ga Sirat al-Mustaqim (Tafarki Madaidaiciya) na wadanda Allah ya yi ni’ima a gare su, kuma ba na masu aikata abinda zai ja fushinsa ba (aya 5-6/6-7).

Galibin masu sharhi na musulmi sun fassara wadannan ayoyin a cikin ma'ana ta gaba daya ba wai suna magana ne ga wata takamammen rukunin mutane ba.  Duk da haka, wasu masu sharhin musulmi sun yi imanin cewa Yahudawa da Kiristoci misalan waɗanda ke tada fushin Allah da waɗanda suka ɓace, bi da bi.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iti-dplakf4

 Ayoyi da Ma'ana 
بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ 
 bi-smi-llāhi-r-raḥmāni-r-raḥīm(i)

Da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jin kai

ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ
 al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi-l-'alamin(a)

Godiya ta tabbata ga Allah Ubangijin talikkai

ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
 ar-raḥmāni-r-raḥim(i)

Mafi rahamah, Mafi jin ƙai.

مَـٰلِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ
 maliki yawmi-d-din(i)

Jagoran ranar sakamako.

ٱهْدِنَا ٱلصِّرَٰطَ ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَ
 ihdina-ṣ-ṣirāṭa-l-mustaqīm(a)

Ka shiryar da mu zuwa ga hanya madaidaiciya

صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلۡمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَ
 ṣirāṭa-lladhīna an'amta alayhim ghayri-l-maḡḍūbi alayhim wa-la-ḍ-ḍāllīn(a)

Hanyar waɗanda Ka yi wa ni'ima, ba waɗanda kake fushi da su ba ko waɗanda suka ɓace ba.

 Fagen sa 
Ra'ayin da aka fi yarda da shi game da asalin surar shi ne ra'ayin [Ibn Abbas], da sauransu, cewa fatiha surar ce ta Makka, kodayake wasu na ganin cewa sura ce ta Madina ko kuma ta sauka a Makka da Madina. Yawancin maruwaita sun rubuta cewa al-Fātihah ita ce cikakkiyar sura ta farko da aka saukar wa Muhammad Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam.https://sunnahonline.com/library/the-majestic-quran/431-tasfir-of-chapter-1-surah-al-fatihah-the-opening

Sunan Al-Fatiha ("Mabudi") na nufin surar kasancewarta ta farko a cikin Mus'hafs, wacce aka fara karantawa a kowace raka'a ta salla, ko kuma yadda ake amfani da ita a hadisai da dama na Musulunci a matsayin budewar addu'a.  Ita kanta kalmar ta fito ne daga tushen f-t-ḥ (‏ف ت ح), wanda ke nufin "buɗewa, bayyanawa, cin nasara", da sauransu. Fatiha kuma ana santa da wasu sunaye, kamar Al-Hamd (Yabo), As-Salah (Addu'ar), Umm al-Kitab (Uwar Littafi), Umm al-Quran (Uwar Al-Qur'ani), Sab'a min al-Mathani (Maimai Bakwai, daga Alqur'ani 15:  87), da Ash-Shifa' (Magani).http://www.islamicstudies.info/quran/maarif/maarif.php?sura=1

 Fa'idodi da amfani 
Musulmai suna danganta mahimmaci na musamman ga wasu surori don kyawawan halaye da fa'idojinsu (فضائل, faḍā'il) da aka siffanta a cikin hadisi.  Karɓar hadisin daban-daban ya bambanta tsakanin musulmi Ahlus Sunna da Shi'a, kuma akwai ma'auni iri-iri don rarrabe ma'auni daban-daban na ingantaccen hadisi. Duk da haka, Ahlus-Sunnah da Shi'a sun yi imani da Al-Fatiha a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin surori mafi girma a cikin Alqur'ani, kuma magani ne ga cututtuka da guba da dama, na ruhaniya da na hankali\kwalwa.

 Manazarta 

Category:Musulunci