Urdu

Urdu ko Lashkari, (أردو ko لشکری) harshe ne daga cikin manyan harsunan yankin Kudancin Asiya. Shine harshen ƙasa a Pakistan da kuma Indiya Kashmir kuma harshen ne da Gwamnatin Indiya ke amfani da shi. Ana yin magana da harshen Urdu ko ina a ƙasar Indiya. Musammam ma a jihohin Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar da Utter Pradesh,

Tarihi
Ainahin sunan Urdu yazo ne daga harshen Chagatai. Ana furta harshen Urdu kusan iri daya da harshen Indiyanci, bambanci kawai shine harshen Indiyanci ana rubutashi ne da salon rubutu na Devanagari, yayin da harshen Urdu kuma ake rebuts shi da salo iron na Farisanci da Larabci. Wannan bambanci na salon rubutu shine ya kawo samuwar manyan kabilu biyu a Indiya da Pakistan kamar yadda marubuci Ghulam Hamadani Mushafi  ya fada. Yayinda Musulmai suka kama magana da harshen Urdu sai sukuma mabiya addinin Hindu suka shiga yin amfani ha harshen Indiyanci. Wannan kuma ya kawo tsarkake harshen Urdu daga dukkan wani salon rubutu na Indiyanci kuma shima Indiyancin ya rabu da dukkan wasu haruffa na larabci da Farisanci.

 Dangantaka da harshen Farisanci 
 Bambamci 
Haruffan da ake amfani dasu wajen rubuta harshen Urdu an samo su ne daga haruffan harshen Farisanci, Wanda shima daga harshen Larabci ya samo su. Karin hariffan da aka samu a Urdu sune ٹ ,ڈ ,ڑ (ṫ, ḋ, ṙ). Hatuffa buying ne suka samu na furucin ه (h) da ی (y). Idan aka kara wadannan haruffan a Urdu to mutanen arewacin Indiya da na Pakistan zai masu matukar sauki.

 Daidaito 
Ana fara rubuta Urdu daga dama zuwa hagu hakama Farisanci. Haka kuma ana rubuta a salon Nasta'liq. Shi Nasta'liq wani salon rubutu ne wanda Mir Ali na Tabriz, (fitaccen mai zane-zane na zamanin Timurid 1402-1502) ya samar da shi.

 Masu jin yaren Urdu a fadin duka duniya 

Wannan teburin shine yake nuna mana manyan kasashen da ake mu'amala da harshen Urdu da kuma yawan su a kowacce kasar.

+KasaYawan mutaneUrdu a matsayin yaren haihuwaWadanda sukaji Urdu sosaiAdadi baki dayaPakistan207,862,51815,100,000 (7.26%)94,000,000 (45.22%) 109,100,000 (52.49%) Indiya1,296,834,04250,772,631 (3.91%)12,151,715 (0.94%)62,924,346 (4.85%)Afghanistan34,940,837–1,048,225 (3.00%)1,048,225 (3.00%)Saudiyya33,091,113757,000 (2.29%)–757,000 (2.29%)Nepal29,717,587691,546 (2.33%)–691,546 (2.33%)Turai65,105,246400,000 (0.61%)–400,000 (0.61%)Amurika329,256,465300,000 (0.09%)–300,000 (0.09%)Bangladesh159,453,001250,000 (0.16%)–250,000 (0.16%)Kanada35,881,659206,000 (0.57%)–206,000 (0.57%)Qatar2,363,569173,000 (7.32%)–173,000 (7.32%)Oman4,613,24195,000 (2.06%)–95,000 (2.06%)Iran83,024,74588,000 (0.10%)–88,000 (0.10%)Baharain1,442,65974,000 (5.13%)–74,000 (5.13%)Norway5,372,19134,000 (0.63%)–34,000 (0.63%)Turkiyya81,257,23924,000 (0.03%)–24,000 (0.03%)Jamus80,457,73723,000 (0.03%)–23,000 (0.03%)Gabadaya7,700,000,00068,988,177 (0.90%)107,199,940 (1.39%)176,188,117 (2.29%)

Manazarta

Category:Harsuna
Category:Harsunan Indo-European