Kazaure

Kazaure Masarautar ce kuma Karamar Hukuma ce a Jihar Jigawa ta Najeriya . Hedkwatarsa tana cikin tsohon birnin Kazaure.

 Tarihin farko 
An ce gungun mafarautan Hausawa (wanda aka fi sani da Habe) ne suka fara zama a Kazaure a ƙarƙashin jagorancin wani jarumi mai suna Kutumbi. Ya kasance kusan shekara ta 1300 CE. Bisa ga al'adar Baka da Griots ya yi a cikin shekaru aru-aru, an ce Kutumbi da jama'arsa sun yi hijira ne daga matsugunin maƙeran da ke zaune a tsaunin Dala, masana tarihi sun gaskata cewa su ne mutanen farko a ƙasar da aka fi sani da Kano . 

Labarin kafuwar Kazaure ya ba da labarin yadda Kutumbi a ɗaya daga cikin balaguron farautarsa ya samu wani kwari da ke kewaye da shi da katafaren tudun tsaro da ke cike da koguna da kananan koguna. Ya dade a unguwar har sai da danginsa suka damu da rashin zuwansa na tsawon lokaci wanda ya sabawa dabi'ar farauta da ya saba, suka bi sawunsa na tsawon kwanaki. Bayan tafiya mai nisa da wahala, sai suka tarar da Kutumbi a cikin wani kyakkyawan kwari. Daya daga cikin waɗanda suka shigo ya kalli yanayin kasar ya ce da wani "Wannan Wajen Kamar Zaure !" ( Fassarar kalmar Hausa ita ce "Wannan wuri kamar daki ne na ciki"). Wannan furci na " Kamar Zaure " ya koma Kazaure tsawon shekaru aru-aru don haka ya zama sunan mazauni da mafarautan Habe suka kafa a wurin. Kabilar Kutumbi sun zauna a yankin na tsawon ɗaruruwan shekaru, sun bar shaidar archaeological al'adar Hunter/Gatherer. Sun kuma yi noma kanana. Abinda ya fi dadewa na kasancewarsu shi ne addininsu; sun bauta wa wata baiwar Allah da ake kira Tsumburbura wadda suke yi mata hadayar dabbobi a saman tsaunin Kazaure. Ayyukan su na rayuwa a yau a cikin waƙoƙin ruhaniya da raye-raye na Bori . Sai da zuwan Fulanin Yarimawan aka kafa tsarin gudanar da mulki a yankin. 

Birnin Kazaure ya kasance hedikwatar masarautar tun 1819. Dan Tunku, jarumin Bafulatani ne ya kafa shi, wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane 14 masu dauke da tuta na shugaban Fulanin jihadi (yaki mai tsarki) Usman dan Fodio . Dan Tunku ya zo ne daga garin Dambatta da ke kusa a wani kauye mai tarin yawa wanda ya sanya wa suna Kazaure ya kafa masarauta wadda aka sassaka daga masarautun Kano da Katsina da Daura .

Dan Tunku, shi ne shugaban Fulani, wanda tun a farkon jihadi ya hana hadin gwiwa tsakanin sojojin Sarakunan Hausawan Kano, Katsina, da Daura. Don wannan bajinta ya samu tuta daga Shehu. Daga baya ya taimaka wajen kafa daular Fulani a Daura, amma daga baya bai taka rawar gani ba a jihadi kuma bai bayar da gudumawa kadan ba wajen cin nasarar Kano. A ƙarshen yaƙin matsayinsa a arewacin Kano yana da karfi amma ba a bayyana shi ba. A matsayinsa na mai rike da tuta yana da ƴancin yin mubaya’a kai tsaye ga Shehu, daga baya kuma ga Bello, amma duk da haka ana ganin an gane cewa ya kasance a karkashin Kano. Da dai har Sulaimanu marar duniya ya zama Sarkin Kano wannan sako-sako da ga dukkan alamu ya yi aiki mai gamsarwa, amma lokacin da Ibrahim Dabo mai karfi ya gaje shi sai ya lalace. Ibrahim ya bukaci Dan Tunku ya yi masa mubaya’a aka ki. Daga nan ya ba wa daya daga cikin hadimansa, Sarkin Bai na ƙabilar Dambazawa fulani, wanda ya ƙunshi ɗaukacin Arewacin Kano ciki har da yankunan da Dan Tunku da mabiyansa suka samu a jihadi. Wannan matakin ya haifar da tashin hankali a fili.

Faɗan, ko da yake ba a kai ga cimma ruwa ba, ya kai kimanin shekaru biyar. Da farko Dan Tunku ya samu mafi kyawu kuma ya kai hari har bangon birnin. Sannu a hankali majin Kano ya fara bayyani aka danne shi. Amma duk da haka, ya ci gaba da yi wa duk yankin Arewacin Masarautar Kano hari. Lokacin da Clapperton ya ratsa ƙasar a shekarar 1824 ya tarar da sarki Ibrahim a sansanin yakinsa, yana shirin gudanar da yakin neman zabe na shekara-shekara, kuma a ƙauyuka da dama da suka lalace da babu kowa, ya ga alamun barnar da Dan Tunku ya yi a baya. A wannan shekarar ne Ibrahim Dabo ya yi yunƙurin kawo Dan Tunku, a dunƙule. Ya dauki runduna har zuwa tudun Kazaure, ya mamaye sansanin da Dan Tunku ya yi hedkwatarsa. Sai dai ba da jimawa ba Dan Tunku ya kai wani harin ba-zata inda ya sake fatattakar sojojin Kano.

Yayin da fadan ya kare ba tare da tsangwama ba, bangarorin biyu sun amince a mayar da rikicin zuwa ga sulhu na Sarkin Musulmi . Da aka kawo masa shari’ar Bello ya yanke hukunci a kan Dan Tunku, ya kuma tabbatar da ‘yancin Dan Tunku ga Sarkin Kano. Da haka aka gane Kazaure a matsayin masarauta daban kuma aka shata iyakokinta. Wannan shawarar ta kawo ƙarshen tashin hankalin, bayan haka Kano da Kazaure suka zauna tare a matsayin makwabta nagari. Amma gaskiyar magana ita ce, ko a zamanin Sultan Bello Fulani sun fara fada da Fulani. Abin takaici, yayin da ƙarni ya ci gaba, wannan al'amari ya zama ruwan dare gama gari.

 Yanayi 
A Kazaure, lokacin noman rani yana da wani bangare na hazo da zafi duk shekara, kuma lokacin damina na zalunci ne kuma gaba daya gajimare. A cikin tsawon shekara, matsakaicin zafin jiki ya tashi daga 58 zuwa 102 digiri Fahrenheit, da wuya ya fadi kasa 54 ko tashi sama da 106. 

 Sarautar Ibrahim Dambo 
A zamanin Sarki Dambo (1824 – 57) dan Dan Tunku kuma magajinsa, an kara girman masarautu (a wani ɓangare na kudin makwabtansa, waɗanda akasarinsu sun yarda cewa ya wuce gona da iri kuma suka amince da zama karkashin kulawar masarautarsa). Dambo kila shi ne basarake mafi girma da masarautar ta taba samu, duk saboda hikima da jagoranci mai karfi ya sa masarautar ta samu ‘yancin kai da karfinta, a lokacin da ake yawan mamayewa).

Sai dai an kashe sarkin yaki ne a wata arangama da rundunar Damagarawa ƙarƙashin jagorancin sarkinsu Tanimu. A shekarar 1857 ne. Mutuwar Dambo ta kasance wani lokaci mai ban tausayi ga sabuwar masarautu da aka kafa. An shafe kusan shekaru 50 kafin a dauki fansa a kan mutuwarsa. Amma ya rama, daga hannun jikansa Yarima Gagarau- fitaccen basaraken da ya yi kaca-kaca daga kofar Kazaure zuwa garuruwan da ke kan iyaka da Daular Damagaram a Jamhuriyar Nijar ta wannan zamani. Wani rikici da ya dace a ba da labari shi ne harin da Sarkin Damagaram Yakudima ya yi - wanda ba a taba ganin irinsa ba wanda ya kai wa Kazaure hari a zamanin Sarki Mayaki, jikan Sarki Dambo. Aka kwashe kwanaki 9 ana gwabza fada, daga karshe dai Yakudima ya yi murabus a wulakance. Bayan wannan arangama, an rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da amincewa da masarautun biyu ya haifar da zaman lafiya da wadata ga masarautun biyu. A zamanin Sarki Mayaki ne aka fara wani babi na tarihin Kazaure, shi ne ya kawo zaman lafiya na zamani da mutanen Kazaure suke ciki.

 Zamanin mulkin mallaka 
A taron Berlin na 1884, an raba Afirka tsakanin manyan masu mulkin mallaka. Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya na zamani sun fada ƙarƙashin mulkin turawan Ingila. A shekarar 1906, akasarin arewacin Najeriya aka hade da kuma sanya shi karkashin wata kariyar tsaro, amma sai a shekarar 1912 turawan Ingila suka isa Kazaure. An riga an kori Sakkwato da Kano duka kuma daular ta ruguje, an raba ta tsakanin Faransa da Ingila. Don haka Sarkin Kazaure Muhammad Mayaki cikin hikima ya mika wuya ga Turawa, Kazaure ya zama wani ɓangare na sabuwar Najeriya ba tare da zubar da jini ba. Mayaki shine na ƙarshe na sarakunan jarumai. Babban jikansa (marubuci) ne ya mutu a cikin wani gagarumin wasan kwaikwayo game da mamayewar Damagaram (Mayaki: The Warrior King, Anwar Hussaini Adamu, UCP Press Nigeria).

 Fitattun mutane 

 Muhammad Gudaji Kazaure  

 Sarakuna 

 Ibrahim Dantunku 1819/1824- Ya rasu ne sakamakon raunukan da ya samu a lokacin da yake aikin bindiga.
 Dambo dan Dantunku 1824/1857, kashe a 1857.
 Muhamman Zangi dan Dambo 1857/1886, ya rasu 1886.
 Muhamman Mayaki dan Dambo 1886/1914, yayi ritaya a 1914 saboda tsufa.
 Muhammadu Tura dan Muhamman Mayaki 1914/1922, yayi aure kuma ya samu fitowa. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1922.
 Ummaru Na'uka dan Muhammadu Tura 1922/1941, ya rasu 1941.
 Adamu dan Abdul-Mumini 1941/1968, Hakimin Roni -/1941
 Ibrahim dan Adamu 1968/1994
 Hussaini Adamu 1994/ 3 Oktoba 1998. Ya auri mata 3, ya haifi ‘ya’ya 16 (2 daga cikinsu an haife su bayan ‘yan watanni da rasuwa) da jikoki 25 a lokacin rasuwarsa.
 Najib Hussaini Adamu- 1998- zuwa yau.

 Manazarta 

 Kara karantawa 


 Anwar Hussaini Adamu (2004), The Hilly Land, Kano [Nigeria].
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