Abdulƙadir Gilani

Abdul Qadir Gilani ( Persian     ; Arabic     ; c. 1077/78 - 1166) malamin Hanbali ne, mai wa'azi, kuma shugaban Sufaye wanda shine sunan Kadiriyya, ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan darikun Sufaye. 

An haife shi c. 1077/78 a garin Na'if, Rezvanshahr a Gilan, Farisa, kuma ya rasu a shekara ta 1166 a Bagadaza .   Gilani ( Larabci : al-Jilani ) yana nufin wurin da aka haife shi, Gilan . Ya kuma ɗauki tambarin Baghdadi, yana nufin wurin zama da kuma binne shi a Bagadaza.  

 Lakabi 
Yana da daraja ta <i id="mwNQ">Muhi al-Dīn</i>, yana nuna matsayinsa a cewar Sufaye da yawa a matsayin mai farfaɗo da Musulunci . 

Abdulkadir Gilani ya kasance mafi kololuwar matsayi a daraktan Sufaye waliyyai (Awliya) bayan ya samu matsayin ( Maqam ) na taimako ( Ghawth ). Devotional Islam and politics in British India: [Ahmad Riza Khan] Barelwi and his movement, 1870–1920, pg 144, Sanyal, Usha Oxford University Press US, 19 August 1999.  .  Ya shahara da cewa: "Kafata tana daga wuyan kowane waliyin Allah ", dangane da matsayinsa na Ghawth al-Azam . 

 Tarihin iyali 
An haifi Gilani a shekara ta 1077 ko kuma 1078. Duk da farin jininsa, babu tabbas a tarihinsa.  Mahaifinsa (ko watakila kakansa) yana da sunan Iran Jangi Dust,   wanda ke nuna cewa Gilani na Farisa ne.  Nisba nasa yana nufin "daga Gilan " yanki ne na Iran dake kudu maso yammacin gabar tekun Caspian . 

A lokacin zamansa a Bagadaza, Gilani ana kiransa ajami (ba Balarabe ba), wanda a cewar Bruce Lawrence na iya zama saboda yana jin Farisa tare da Larabci.  A cewar al-Nujūm al-ẓāhira na ɗan tarihi na ƙarni na 15 Ibn Taghribirdi (d. 1470), an haifi Gilani a Jil a ƙasar Iraqi, amma ɗan tarihin Faransa Jacqueline Chabbi ya yi tambaya game da wannan labarin.  Masana tarihi na zamani (ciki har da Lawrence) sunyi la'akari da cewa an haifi Gilani a Gilan.    Daga nan yankin ya kasance mai cin gashin kansa na siyasa kuma ya rabu tsakanin sarakunan gida daga dangi daban-daban. 

Ana cewa Gilani zuriyar jikan Muhammad Hasan bn Ali ne; Wannan da'awar gaba ɗaya al'ummar musulmi ce, ciki har da Qadiriyya .  Lawrence ya ga wannan da'awar bai dace da asalin Farisa na Gilani ba, kuma yana ganin cewa "masu kishin hagiographers ne suka gano shi." 

 Ilimi 
Gilani/jilani/jelani ya yi ƙuruciyarsa a Gilan, lardin haihuwarsa. A shekara ta 1095, ya tafi Bagadaza inda ya karanta shari'ar Hanbali ƙarƙashin Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi da ibn Aqil .   Ya karanta hadisi wurin Abu Muhammad Ja'afar al-Sarraj.  Malamin sufanci shi ne Abul-Khair Hammad bn Muslim al-Dabbas. Malise Ruthven, Islam in the World, p 243.  Bayan kammala karatunsa, Gilani ya bar Bagadaza ya kwashe shekaru ashirin da biyar yana yawo a cikin sahara na Iraki . Esposito J. L. The Oxford dictionary of Islam. p160. 

 Makarantar shari'a 
Gilani ya kasance na makarantar Hanbali . Ya sanya fikihun Shafi'i ( Fiqhu ) daidai da mazhabar Hanbaliyya ( mazhabar ), kuma ya kasance yana bayar da fatawa a kan dukkansu a lokaci guda. Don haka ne ma al-Nawawi ya yabe shi a cikin littafinsa mai suna Bustan al-Arifin (Garden of the Spiritual Masters), yana mai cewa: 

 Tasiri 
A shekara ta 1127, Gilani ya koma Baghdad ya fara wa’azi ga jama’a.  Ya shiga aikin koyarwa na makarantar na malaminsa, al-Makhzoomi, kuma ya shahara da dalibai. Da safe ya karantar da Hadisi da Tafsiri, da rana kuma ya gabatar da jawabai kan ilimin zuciya da falalar Alqur'ani . An ce shi mai wa'azi ne mai gamsarwa wanda ya tuba Yahudawa da Kirista da yawa kuma wanda ya haɗa sufanci da Shari'ar Musulunci. 

Shaykh Abdulkadir Gilani ya musuluntar da dubban mutane ta hanyar tausayawa da hada kai wajen tsarkake ciki da ibada ga Allah. Mahimmancinsa game da tsarkakewar ciki, ƙauna na allahntaka, da rayuwar ɗabi'a sun ji daɗi sosai tare da mutane da yawa, suna jawo mabiya daga wurare daban-daban.  Daya daga cikin manya-manyan gudunmawar da Shaihu Abdulkadir Gilani ya bayar ita ce kafa Madrasah al-Qadiriyya a Bagadaza. Wannan cibiya ta zama cibiyar koyar da ilimin addinin musulunci da ruhi, inda ta jawo dalibai daga yankuna daban-daban. Manhajar dai ta haɗa da karatun Al-Qur'ani, Hadisi, Fikihu (Fikihu), da Tasawwuf (Sufanci), da ba da cikakkiyar ilimin addini.  Tasirin Shaihu Abdulqadir Gilani ya kai ga shugabannin siyasa da na soja na zamaninsa. Koyarwarsa ta zaburar da masu mulki su rungumi tsarin mulki na adalci da da’a. Fitattun mutane irin su Nur ad-Din Zangi da Salahuddin Ayyubi sun shahara wajen mutuntawa da bin ka'idojin da Shaihu ya bayar, wanda ya taimaka wajen kawo gyara da samun nasarori. 

 Mutuwa da binnewa 
Al-Gilani ya rasu a shekara ta 1166 kuma an binne shi a Bagadaza. Ranar 11 ga Rabi'ul Thani ne ake gudanar da bukukuwan tunawa da Mutuwar Sufaye. 

A zamanin Safavid Shah Ismail I, an lalata wurin ibadar Gilani.  Duk da haka, a cikin 1535, Sarkin Ottoman Suleiman Mai Girma ya gina sabon wurin ibada a kan kabarinsa, wanda har yanzu akwai. 

 Littattafai 

 Kitab Sirr al-Asrar wa Mazhar al-Anwar (Littafin Sirri da Bayyanar Haske).
 Futuh al ghaib (Sirrin gaibi)
 Jila'ul Khatir (The Purification of Heart)
 Ghunyat al-Talibeen (Taskar masu neman) 
 Al-Fuyudat al-Rabbaniya (Emanations of Lordly Grace)
 Haruffa goma sha biyar: Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban
 Kibriyat e Ahmad
 Takaitaccen bayanin Jannah da Jahannama 
 Al-Fatḥ ar-Rabbani

 Duba kuma 

 Mausoleum of Abdul Qadir Gilani
 Qadiriyya
 Moinuddin Chishti
 Ahmad al-Rifa'i
 Ahmad al-Badawi
 Jerin Waliyyan Sufaye
 Jerin Sufaye

 Manazarta 

 Sources 







 Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Taskar Intanet: Darikar Sufaye na Shaykh 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani
Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba