Kungiyar Agaji Ta Red Cross Ta Duniya

Ƙungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta duniya ƙungiya ce ta agaji da gudanar da ayyukan jin kai mai zaman kanta wato ba ta gwamnati ba ce, ƙungiyar agaji ce da ke birnin Geneva na kasar Switzerland, kuma ta taba lashe kyautar Nobel har sau uku. Ƙungiyar ta taka rawar gani wajen samar da ka'idojin yaki, da kuma inganta ƙa'idojin jin-kaiFinnemore, Martha (1996), "Norms and War: The International Red Cross and the Geneva Conventions", National Interests in International Society, Cornell University Press, pp. 69–88, doi:10.7591/9781501707384-004, ISBN 978-1-5017-0738-4, archived from the original on 1 February 2024, retrieved 1 February 2024.. 

Jam'iyyun Jihohi (Masu sanya hannu) Yarjejeniyar Geneva ta 1949 da Ƙarin ƙa'idojinta na 1977 IRC, Memory of Solferino Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine by Henry Dunant, ICRC publication 1986, complete text(Protocol I, Protocol II) da 2005 sun bai wa ICRC wa'adin kare waɗanda ke fama da rikice-rikice na duniya da na cikin gida. Irin waɗannan waɗanda abin ya shafa sun hada da waɗanda suka ji rauni a yaki, da fursunoni, da ‘yan gudun hijira, da farar hula, da sauran wadanda ba mayakan ba."Discover the ICRC". 2007. Archived from the original on 29 April 2010. Retrieved 12 May 2009. p.6. 

Tarihi
left |thumb| Tsohon wurin Hedikwatar Hukumar dake a birnin Geneva 
Duk da cewa an kafa ƙungiyar agaji ta Red Cross din ne 1863 to amma tunanin kafa ƙungiyar ya faro ne a shekarar 1859 lokacin da dan kasuwan nan kuma mai gudanar da ayyukan jin kai da zamantakewa dan kasar Switzerland wato Jean Henry Dunant wanda daga baya aka fi sani da Henry Dunant, ya irin ababe masu tada hankali da suka faru a lokacin yaƙin Solferino a ƙasar Italiya na yanzu, inda dubban mutane suka mutu wasu da dama kuma suka sami raunuka, a bangare guda kuma wadanda suka sami raunukan sun sami samun magani da kulawar da suke bukata. To bayan dawowarsa gida Geneva ne ya yi kira da a kafa ƙungiyar agaji don ba da taimako ga waɗanda suka jikkata a fagen yaki. Hakan ne ya sanya aka kafa kwamitin Red Cross a shekarar 1863. 

To amma a wancan lokacin kusan ƙasashe daban-daban suna da nasu ƙungiyar ta Red Cross ko kuma ta agaji, to amma an kafa asalin ƙungiyar Red Cross din ta ƙasa da ƙasa ne a shekarar 1919 bayan yakin duniya na farko lokacin da shugaban kwamitin Red Cross na Amurka a lokacin yaki Henry Davison ya ba da shawarar kafa wata harɗaɗɗiyar ƙungiya ta ƙungiyoyin Red Cross na ƙasashe daban daban don jagorantara kan ayyukan ba da agaji a duk fadin duniya. A farkon shekarar 1919, an kira taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan harkokin kiwon lafiya a birnin Cannes na kasar Faransa. A yayin wannan taron an tsai da shawarar cewa dole ne a kafa hadaddiyar kungiya ta ƙungiyoyin Red Cross ta ƙasashe daban daban gaba daya don kara inganta nasarorin da ƙungiyoyin agaji na Red Cross na ƙasashe daban daban suka cimma, an dai ba wa wannan ƙungiya sunan League of Red Cross Societies. Daga baya, saboda shigowar ƙungiyoyin Red Crescent na ƙasashen Larabawa da kuma Ƙaruwarsu, ƙungiyar Red Cross ta kira babban taro na uku a watan Oktoba na shekarar 1983, inda aka yanke shawarar sake sunan kungiyar zuwa International Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (ƙungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta duniya). 

Ko shakka babu kafa wannan kungiyar ta Red Cross da Red Crescent tana da alaka da lamari na addini. Saboda kuwa kamar yadda muka ce sakamakon shigowar ƙasashen musulmi cikin wannan lamari na ba da agaji sosai ya sanya wasu suna ganin bai kamata su ci gaba da amfani da cross ba wanda a bangare guda yana a matsayin alama ce ta mabiya addinin kirista wato alamar da suke amfani da ita don nuna giciye Annabi Isa al-Masihu (a.s) da aka yi don haka wasu suka fara tunanin su ma musulmi su ƙirƙiro wata alamar ta su a wannan ɓangaren. To da yake ana amfani da alama ta wata a matsayin abin da ke nuni da Musulunci wanda hatta ko a hasumiyar masallatai a kan sa hakan don haka sai suka yi amfani da wannan alama ta wata a matsayin alamarsu. Don haka ne alamar wannan kungiya ta zamanto cross da kuma alamar wata (ko kuma crescent a turance.

An amince da wannan alama ta crescent ne kuwa a hukumance a shekarar 1929 kuma ya zuwa yanzu kimanin kasashe 33 ne suka amince da hakan. Duk da cewa an fara amfani da wannan alama ce tun a shekarar 1877-1878 lokacin rikici da yakin da aka yi tsakanin kasashen Rasha da Turkiyya.

Manufar ita ma wannan kungiya ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ita ce ba da agaji da jin kai ga wadanda suka sami raunuka a lokacin yaƙi har ila yau da kuma batun kiyaye sulhu da zaman lafiya. 

Wani lamari kuma da ya ke da kyau a fahimta shi ne cewa kasashe biyar ne ake daukansu a matsayin wadanda suka kafa ita wannan kungiyar ta Red Cross, su ne kuwa: Birtaniya, Faransa, Italiya, Japan da kuma Amurka. To sai dai daga baya sun ta karuwa lokacin da kungiyoyin red cross da na red crescent na kasashe daban-daban suka ta shigowa cikin uwar ƙungiya inda ya zuwa yanzu akwai sama da ƙasashe 180 a cikin ƙungiyar. A takaice dai ana iya cewa kusan dukkanin ƙasashen duniya suna da ko dai k kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ko kuma ta Red Crescent


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