George Washington

200px|right|thumbnail|Mutum-mutumin George Washington a Paris, Faransa
George Washington (Febrelun 22, 1732 zuwa Febrelun 11, 1731) an haife shi a February 11, 1731.) Ya kasance ɗan siyasan ƙasar Tarayyar Amurka, janar ɗin soja, Baban ƙasa, kuma Waɗanda suka ƙafa Tarayyar Amurka wanda ya zama Shugaban Tarayyar Amurka na farko (1789–1797). Ya jagoranci Patriot forces a muhimmiyar American Revolutionary War kuma ya kai su ga samun nasara akan Britaniya. Washington ya zauna a Constitutional Convention a shekara ta 1787, wacce ta kafa sabuwar kasar. Saboda jarumtarsa da jajircewa a American Revolution, ake kiransa da "Father of His Country".

George Washington ɗa ne ga Mary Ball da Augustine. an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Fabirairu, 1732. Shine ɗa na uku ga mahaifan sa. Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane a tarihin Amurka. Yana ɗan shekara 11 Mahaifinsa, Augustine, ya rasu, wanda hakan ya kawo tasgaro ga neman ilimin sa. Saboda haka, George ya shafe yawancin shekarunsa ƙarƙashin kulawar ɗan uwan sa Lawrence, shine ɗan'uwansa da ya fi so. Ya kuma koyi ilimin kimiyar fasaha a wajan sa, kuma ya fara  sana'a tare da taimakon makwabtansu. Mutuwar Lawrence a 1752 ta sake canza rayuwar George. Bayan mutuwar Lawrence ne George ya tafi Virginia ya shiga aikin soja inda ya samu matsayin Laftanar Kanal . George ya jagoranci sojoji zuwa yamma kwarin Ohia. A jagorancin sa na biyu inda suka kai farmaki ga sojojin faransa. Inda a Fort Necessity sojojin Faransa suka tsare su George na ramuwar gayya wanda hakan tasa su mika wuya. Inda kuma ake zargin George da kisan kai.
Daga nan George ya shiga gidan Janar Edward Braddock a matsayin mataimakin sa. Lokacin da Braddock ya sha kayi a yakin Monongahela a 1755, George yayi abin azo a gani, saboda haka Laftanar Robert Dinwiddie ya nada shi a matsayin kwamandan Regiment na Virginia. Ya yi aiki a matsayin har zuwa ƙarshen 1758. A farkon shekarar 1759, George ya auri Martha Custis, ( Ta taba yin aure kuma tana da arziki), kuma ya lashe zaɓen Gida na Burgesses na Virginia. George da Martha sun koma Dutsen Vernon. Inda suka fara rayuwa tare da yayan da ta haifa a auren ta na baya, John Parke Custis da Martha Parke Custis. Matsayin George a cikin House of Burgesses ya kara mahimmanci yayin da dangantakar da ke tsakanin mazauna Burtaniya ta taɓarɓare bayan ƙarshen yaƙin shekaru bakwai. Gwamnatin Birtaniyya ta ci bashin manyan basusuka a fadin duniya kuma ta fuskanci tsadar soji don kare sabbin yankuna a Arewacin Amurka da ta samu a  sulhu da sukayi da Faransa . Don biyan wadannan kuɗaɗen, Majalisar Biritaniya ta zartar da wasu sabbin matakan haraji kan yankunanta, wanda har yanzu suna biya sai dai yayi ƙasa  da  wanda 'yan ƙasa ke biya a Ingila. Amma da yawa daga cikin yan mulkin mallaka sun nuna rashin amincewarsu da cewa sun riga sun ba da gudummawar su a yaƙi don haka  bai kamata a tilasta musu su sake biyan kuɗi ba, musamman tunda ba su da wata hanya a cikin tsarin doka. George ya goyi bayan  zanga-zanga akan wannan batu a cikin House of Burgesses, kuma a cikin 1774, ya yarda da nadin da aka mai a matsayin wakilin Virginia zuwa Majalisar Nahiyar Farko, inda yasa matakai, kamar kauracewa siyan kayayyakin Burtaniya. A shekara mai zuwa, ya koma Majalisar Nahiya ta Biyu, bayan da sojojin Biritaniya da sojojin sa kai suka yi arangama a Lexington,  da Concord. Ya amince da shawarar Majalisa kan ƙirƙirar sojoji a watan Yuni 1775 kuma an nada shi Babban Kwamandan Sojojin Nahiyar.

A cikin shekaru takwas dasu ka gabata, George ya jagoranci sojoji, a yake yake da dama wanda bai samu nasara sosai ba, amma a ƙarshe yayi nasara a cikin 1783 lokacin da yarjejeniyar Faransa ta ƙare a yakin juyin juya hali. Nasarar George a matsayin kwamanda ya samo asali ne daga abubuwa uku. Na farko, bai taba kalubalantar ikon farar hula ba. Sabuwar al’ummar ba ta amince da ikon soja ba sosai, kuma ya yi  biyayya yana danne wasu abun shi yasa shi ya zama shugaba. Na biyu, sojoji suna girmama shi. Sojojin sun saukar da kai ga kwamandansu  George, ya fito fili har wasu ’yan majalisa suka ce ba Sojojin Nahiyar bane, sojojin George Washington ne. A ƙarshe, George ya fahimci cewa idan sojojin sun tsira, haka ma dalilin samun 'yancin kai. Bai kamata ya doke Sojojin Burtaniya ba, dole ne kawai ya guje wa halaka gaba daya. A karshen yakin, George ya mayar da hukumarsa zuwa Majalisar Tarayyar Turai kuma yaci gaba da rayuwa a matsayin dan kasa mai zaman kansa a Virginia. A zamanin mulkin kama-karya da rikon sakainar kashi, mika mulkin da ya yi da son rai ba tare da wani ya tilas ta masa ba ya bawa duniya  mamakin almararsa. Bayan yan shekaru shugabannin jihohi suka fara tattaunawa game da sake fasalin gwamnati, sun san cewa George yana da mahimmanci a samun nasarar su.

A shekara ta 1786, majalisar dokokin Virginia ta ba da jerin sunayen wakilai don wakiltar jihar a Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki. Abokin George, Gwamna Edmund Randolph, ya tabbatar da cewa an sa da sunan George. A cikin Mayu 1787, George ya tafi  Philadelphia inda anan ne zasuyi taron, Kuma shine ya zama shugaban taron. Taron ya amince da sake tsarin mulki. George yayi  imanin cewa sabon kundin tsarin mulkin zai warware da dama daga cikin matsalolin da suka addabi jam'iyyar Confederation Congress, amma kuma ya san cewa idan jihohi suka amince da kundin tsarin mulkin, za'a sake jefa shi cikin aikin gwamnati. Ranar 21 ga Yuni, 1788, New Hampshire ta zama jiha ta tara a Amurka, wanda dama ana bukatar karin jaha dan tabbatar da sabon Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, wanda ya tilasta kowace jiha ta tsara zaɓe don sababbin ofisoshin tarayya. An zabi George a matsayin shugaban kasa,na wanda ya ksance shine na farko. Ya yi rantsuwar kama aiki a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 1789.
A matsayinsa na shugaban farko, George ya gina ofishi, wanda hakan cigaba ne. Saboda  haka, George ya kafa abin koyi don, martaba ce zama a ofishi, da hidimar jama'a. A matsayinsa na shugaban kasa, George ya kula da kafa tsarin hada-hadar kudi, da maido da martabar al'umma, da fadada yankin Amurka, da yin shawarwari kan yarjejeniyoyin tattalin arziki da daulolin Turai, da kare ikon zartarwa, kan harkokin diflomasiyya da na cikin gida. George ya kafa misalan ƙididdiga, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙirƙirar majalisar ministoci, damar zartarwa, adireshin ƙungiyar. Yayi ritayar bayan wa'adi biyu a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 1796, George ya buga takaddar sa ta ritaya inda ya sanar a wata jaridar Philadelphia. Ya gargadi Amurkawa da su taru su yi watsi da nuna bangaranci na kasashen waje da suke kokarin raba su, gargadin da suka rike shi da muhimmancinsu har zuwa karni na ashirin da daya. 

Lokacin da George ya bar ofis, mutanen zamaninsa suna kiran sa da (UBAN KASA). Babu wani mutum da zai iya riƙe Sojojin Nahiyar har na tsawon shekaru takwas, kuma ya ba da izinin Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki,  kuma ya zama shugaban ƙasa na farko. Ba shi yiwuwa a yi tunanin kirkirar Amurka ba tare da shi ba. An ƙirƙira Amurka bisa ra'ayin cewa "dukkan maza an halicce su daidai, amma ga ga mata yazam zalunci domin ana cin zarafin mata da mutane masu banbanci launin fata. George Washington ya mutu a ranar 14 ga watan disamba 1799, a Mount Vernon.
Manazarta 

Category:Shugabannin_Amurka