Amsterdam

Amsterdam (lafazi|ˈ|æ|m|s|t|ər|d|æ|m, |ˌ|æ|m|s|t|ər|ˈ|d|æ|m; furucci|ɑmstərˈdɑm|) ita ce Babban Birnin Netherlands kuma mafi yawan birni a kasar Netherlands. Kasantuwar Babban birnin kasar yasamu ne daga tabbacin Constitution of the Netherlands, dukda banan ne inda fadar gwamnatin kasar take ba, wanda a Hague. Amsterdam Nada yawan Mutanen dasuka kai 851,373, acikin birnin, ko kuma 1,351,587, acikin urban area and 2,410,960, in the metropolitan area. Birnin na nan ne a province na Arewar Holland a yammacin kasar amma banana ne Babban birnin ba, wadda Haarlem ce. The metropolitan area comprises much of the northern part of the Randstad, one of the larger conurbations in Europe, with a population of approximately 8 million.
Sunan Amsterdam ansamo sane Daga Kalmar Amstelredamme,Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, Vol 1, pp. 896–898. wanda me alakanta kafuwar birnin kusa da wani dam dake rafin Amstel. Yafaro amatsayin wani karamin kauyen kamun kifi a run karni na 12th, Amsterdam ta zamanto data Daga cikin muhimman tashar ruwa alokacin Dutch Golden Age (17th century), sakamakon kirkire cigaba a fannin kasuwanci. A wannan lokacin kuma, birnin ne babban cibiyar hada hadar kudade da diamonds.Cambridge.org, Capitals of Capital -A History of International Financial Centres – 1780–2005, Youssef Cassis,  A ƙarni na 19th dana 20th birnin yasamu Karin fadad, sannan sabbin unguwanni da garuruwa an kirkiresu kuma aka ginasu. A ƙarni na 17th-canals of Amsterdam da kuma 19–20th Layin Kariyar Amsterdam suna cikin UNESCO World Heritage List. Tun chanjin babban garin da akayi na Sloten a 1921 daga municipalitin Amsterdam, tsoffin tarihan birnin na nan ne a Sloten (karni na 9th).

A matsayin babban birnin kasuwanci na Netherlands kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin kuɗi a Turai, Amsterdam ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin  alpha world city ta Globalization and World Cities (GaWC). Garin kuma shine babban birnin al'adu na Netherlands.After Athens in 1888 and Florence in 1986, Amsterdam was in 1986 chosen as the European Capital of Culture, confirming its eminent position in Europe and the Netherlands. See EC.europa.eu for an overview of the European cities and capitals of culture over the years.  Manyan cibiyoyi na ƙasar Holland da yawa suna da hedikwatarsu a can, ciki har da Philips, AkzoNobel, TomTom da ING.Forbes.com, Forbes Global 2000 Largest Companies – Dutch rankings. Haka kuma, yawancin manyan kamfanoni a duniya suna zaune ne a Amsterdam ko kuma suna kafa hedikwatarsu ta Turai a birnin, kamar manyan kamfanonin fasaha Uber, Netflix da Tesla. In 2012, Amsterdam was ranked the second best city to live in by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) and 12th globally on quality of living for environment and infrastructure by Mercer. The city was ranked 3rd in innovation by Australian innovation agency 2thinknow in their Innovation Cities Index 2009. The Port of Amsterdam to this day remains the second in the country, and the fifth largest seaport in Europe. Famous Amsterdam residents include the diarist Anne Frank, artists Rembrandt van Rijn and Vincent van Gogh, and philosopher Baruch Spinoza.

 Hotuna  

 Manazarta