Maciji

Macizai masu rarrafe ne masu marasa ƙarfi na macizai masu rarrafe (/ sɜːrˈpɛntiːz/).Reeder TW, Townsend TM, Mulcahy DG, Noonan BP, Wood PL, Sites JW, Wiens JJ (2015). "Integrated analyses resolve conflicts over squamate reptile phylogeny and reveal unexpected placements for fossil taxa". PLOS ONE. 10 (3): e0118199. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1018199R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118199. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4372529. PMID 25803280. Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙirƙira, macizai suna ectothermic, amniote vertebrates an rufe su a cikin ma'auni mai yawa kamar sauran membobin ƙungiyar. Yawancin nau'in macizai suna da kwanon kai tare da haɗin gwiwa da yawa fiye da kakannin kakanninsu da danginsu, wanda ke ba su damar haɗiye ganima fiye da kawunansu (cranial kinesis). Don ɗaukar kunkuntar jikinsu, gabobin macizai guda biyu (kamar koda) suna bayyana ɗaya a gaban ɗayan maimakon gefe da gefe, kuma galibi suna da huhun mai aiki ɗaya kawai. Wasu nau'ikan suna riƙe da abin ɗamara na ƙashin ƙashin ƙugu tare da faratu biyu na vestigal a kowane gefen cloaca. Lizards sun sami kansu da kansu masu tsayi ba tare da wata gaɓa ba ko kuma tare da raguwar gaɓoɓi aƙalla sau ashirin da biyar ta hanyar juyin halitta mai jujjuyawar, wanda ke haifar da zuriya da yawa na kadangaru.Wiens JJ, Brandley MC, Reeder TW (January 2006). "Why does a trait evolve multiple times within a clade? Repeated evolution of snakelike body form in squamate reptiles" (PDF). Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 60 (1): 123–41. doi:10.1554/05-328.1. PMID 16568638. S2CID 17688691. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023. Waɗannan suna kama da macizai, amma ƙungiyoyin gama gari na ƙagaggun marasa kafa suna da fatar ido da kunnuwa na waje, waɗanda macizai suka rasa, kodayake wannan doka ba ta duniya ba ce (duba Amphisbaenia, Dibamidae, da Pygopodidae).

Ana samun macizai masu rai a kowace nahiya in ban da Antarctica, kuma a kan mafi yawan ƙananan ƙasa; keɓancewa sun haɗa da wasu manyan tsibiran, kamar Ireland, Iceland, Greenland, da tsibiran New Zealand, da kuma ƙananan tsibiran Atlantika da tsakiyar tekun Pacific.Bauchot, Roland, ed. (1994). Snakes: A Natural History. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. p. 220. ISBN 978-1-4027-3181-5. Bugu da ƙari, macizan teku sun yaɗu a ko'ina cikin tekunan Indiya da Pasifik. A halin yanzu ana gane iyalai kusan talatin, waɗanda suka ƙunshi kusan nau'ikan 520 da kuma fiye da nau'ikan 4,170.Uetz, Peter; Hallermann, Jakob (eds.). "Search results for Higher taxa: snake". The Reptile Database. Hamburg Museum of Zoology. Retrieved 7 February 2025.. Suna da girma daga ƙaramin, 10.4 cm mai tsayi (4.1 in) Barbados zaren macijiHedges SB (4 August 2008). "At the lower size limit in snakes: two new species of threadsnakes (Squamata: Leptotyphlopidae: Leptotyphlops) from the Lesser Antilles" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1841: 1–30. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1841.1.1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 August 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2008. zuwa tsintsiya mai tsayin mita 6.95 (22.8 ft) tsawon.Fredriksson, G. M. (2005). "Predation on Sun Bears by Reticulated Python in East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo". Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 53 (1): 165–168. Archived from the original on 9 July 2014. Nau'in burbushin halittu Titanoboa cerrejonensis ya kai mita 12.8 (42 ft) tsayi.Perkins S (27 January 2015). "Fossils of oldest known snakes unearthed". news.sciencemag.org. Archived from the original on 30 January 2015. Retrieved 29 January 2015. Ana tsammanin macizai sun samo asali ne daga ko dai burrowing ko na ruwa, watakila a lokacin Jurassic, tare da sanannun burbushin halittu tun tsakanin 143 zuwa 167 Ma.Caldwell MW, Nydam RL, Palci A, Apesteguía S (January 2015). "The oldest known snakes from the Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous provide insights on snake evolution". Nature Communications. 6 (5996): 5996. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.5996C. doi:10.1038/ncomms6996. hdl:11336/37995. PMID 25625704.Head JJ, Bloch JI, Hastings AK, Bourque JR, Cadena EA, Herrera FA, et al. (February 2009). "Giant boid snake from the Palaeocene neotropics reveals hotter past equatorial temperatures". Nature. 457 (7230): 715–7. Bibcode:2009Natur.457..715H. doi:10.1038/nature07671. PMID 19194448. S2CID 4381423.. Bambance-bambancen macizai na zamani sun bayyana a lokacin zamanin Paleocene (kimanin 66 zuwa 56 Ma da suka wuce, bayan taron bacewar Cretaceous-Paleogene). Ana iya samun tsoffin bayanan macizai a cikin Papyrus na Brooklyn.

Yawancin nau'in macizai ba su da dafi kuma masu dafin suna amfani da shi da farko don kisa da kuma cinye ganima maimakon kare kansu. Wasu suna da dafin da ke da ƙarfi da zai iya haifar da raɗaɗi ko mutuwa ga mutane. Macizai marasa dafi ko dai sun hadiye ganima da rai ko kuma su kashe ta takura.

 Alqalumma 
Kalmar Turanci maciji zo daga Old English snaca, da kanta daga Proto-Jamus * snak-an- (cf. Germanic Schnake 'zobe maciji', Swedish snok 'ciyawar maciji'), daga Proto-Indo-Turai tushen *(s) nēg-o- 'to ja jiki zuwa creep', wanda kuma ya ba sneakt 'da' [San1]kri. Kalmar ousted adder, kamar yadda adder ya ci gaba da kunkuntar a ma'ana, kodayake a cikin Tsohon Turanci næddre shine kalmar maciji.snake (n.)". etymonline.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2010. Retrieved 22 September 2009.. Sauran kalmar, maciji, daga Faransanci ne, daga ƙarshe daga Indo-Turai * maciji- 'zuwa creep', Definition of serpent". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Archived from the original on 17 October 2007. Retrieved 12 October 2006.wanda kuma ya ba da tsohuwar Girkanci ἕρπω (hérpō) 'Na rarrafe' da Sanskrit sarpá 'maciji'.Gamkrelidze, Thomas V.; Ivanov, Vjaceslav V. (2010). Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Walter de Gruyter. p. 193. ISBN 9783110815030.thumb|right|260px|Maciji


Hadari
Maciji dabbane mai matukar hadari sosai don cizon sa yana iya sanadin mutuwar mutum cikin mintuna biyar. kuma yanada nau'ika sosai; akwai na ruwa akwai na tsandauri kuma suma akwaisu

Iri-iren Macizai
 Mesa
 Kasa
 Kububuwa Dadai sauransu.

Manazarta

Category:Dabba