Makkah

Makkah, /ˈmɛkə/ Makkah al-Mukarramah a hukumance, Arabic: مَكَّة ٱلْمُكَرَّمَة, romanized: Makkah al-Mukarramah, lit. 'Makkah the Noble', Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [makːa almʊkarːama] babban birnin lardin Makka ne a yankin Hejaz na yammacin Saudiyya; shi ne birni mafi tsarki a MusulunciMerriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. 2001. p. 724. ISBN 978-0-87779-546-9.. Yana da nisan kilomita 70 (mil 43) daga Jeddah akan Bahar Maliya, a cikin wani kunkuntar kwari mai tsayin mita 277 (909 ft) sama da matakin teku. Yawan jama'arta a cikin 2022 ya kasance miliyan 2.4, wanda ya sa ya zama birni na uku mafi yawan jama'a a Saudi Arabiya bayan Riyadh da Jeddah. Kusan kashi 44.5 cikin 100 na al’ummar Saudiyya ‘yan kasar ne kuma kusan kashi 55.5% ‘yan kasashen waje ne musulmi daga wasu kasashe."Makkah (Makkah al-Mukarramah, Mecca Region, Saudi Arabia) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information". City Population. Retrieved 3 February 2024. Yawan alhazai fiye da sau uku a kowace shekara a lokacin aikin hajji, wanda ake yi a watan Hijira na sha biyu ga Zul-Hajji"Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage". Salamislam. 3 January 2021. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.. Tare da baƙi sama da miliyan 10.8 na duniya a cikin 2023, Makka tana ɗaya daga cikin birane goma da aka fi ziyarta a duniya."Euromonitor International's report reveals world's Top 100…". Euromonitor. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 29 February 2024.

Makka gaba daya ana daukarsa "tushen tushen Musulunci"Ogle, Vanessa (2015). The Global Transformation of Time: 1870–1950. Harvard University Press. p. 173. ISBN 978-0-674-28614-6. Mecca, "the fountainhead and cradle of Islam," would be the center of Islamic timekeeping.Nicholson, Reynold A. (2013). Literary History Of The Arabs. Routledge. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-136-17016-4. Mecca was the cradle of Islam, and Islam, according to Muhammad, is the religion of Abraham.. Ana girmama Makka a Musulunci a matsayin mahaifar Annabi Muhammadu. Kogon Hira da ke saman Jabal al-Nur ("Dutsen Haske"), kusa da birnin, shi ne inda Musulmai suka yi imani da cewa an saukar da Alkur'ani ne ga MuhammaduKhan, A M (2003). Historical Value Of The Qur An And The Hadith. Global Vision Publishing Ho. pp. 26–. ISBN 978-81-87746-47-8.; Al-Laithy, Ahmed (2005). What Everyone Should Know About the Qur'an. Garant. pp. 61–. ISBN 978-90-441-1774-5.Ziyarar Makka don aikin Hajji wajibi ne a kan dukkan musulmin da ke da iko. Babban Masallacin Makkah, wanda aka fi sani da Masjid al-Haram, gidan Ka'aba ne, wanda Musulmi suka yi imani da cewa Ibrahim da Isma'il ne suka gina shi. Shi ne wuri mafi tsarki na Musulunci kuma alkiblar salla ga dukkan musulmin duniyaNasr, Seyyed (2005). Mecca, The Blessed, Medina, The Radiant: The Holiest Cities of Islam. Aperture. ISBN 0-89381-752-X..

Mahukuntan musulmi na yankin da kewaye sun dade suna kokarin kwace birnin da kuma rike shi a hannunsu, don haka kamar yadda akasarin yankin Hijaz ya yi, birnin ya ga canje canjen gwamnatoci da dama. A kwanan baya ne Ibn Saud da abokansa suka mamaye birnin a lokacin da Saudiyya ta mamaye birnin Hejaz a shekarar 1925. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Makka ta samu gagarumin ci gaba a girma da ababen more rayuwa, tare da sabbin gine-gine na zamani irin su The Clock Towers, gini na hudu mafi tsayi a duniya da kuma na uku mafi girma a kasaBayat, Ehsan (28 January 2021). "Dr. Ehsan Bayat - 6 Facts You Need to Know about the Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower". Dr. Ehsan Bayat. Retrieved 19 June 2024..thumb|Kofa/ˈmɛkə/higa Makkah
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 Tarihi 
Tarihi

A cikin 2010, Makka da kewaye sun zama wuri mai mahimmanci don ilimin burbushin halittu game da juyin halitta na farko, tare da gano burbushin Saadanius. Ana ɗaukar Saadanius a matsayin ɗan fari mai alaƙa da kakannin kakannin birai da birai na Tsohuwar Duniya. Wurin zama na burbushin halittu, kusa da abin da a yanzu ake kira Bahar Maliya a yammacin Saudiyya, yanki ne mai dausayi mai dausayi tsakanin shekaru miliyan 28 zuwa 29 da suka wuce.Sample, Ian (14 July 2010). "Ape ancestors brought to life by fossil skull of 'Saadanius' primate". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Masana burbushin halittu da ke cikin binciken suna fatan samun ƙarin burbushin halittu a yankin.Laursen, Lucas (2010). "Fossil skull fingered as ape–monkey ancestor". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2010.354. ISSN 0028-0836.

Tarihin farko (har zuwa karni na 6 AD)

Tarihin farko na Makka har yanzu yana cike da rashin ingantaccen tushe. Garin yana cikin tsakiyar yankin yammacin Larabawa wanda akwai wasu mabubbugar rubutu ko kayan tarihi masu yawa.Peters, F. E. (1994). Mecca: a Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 135–136. ISBN 978-1-4008-8736-1. OCLC 978697983.Wannan rashin ilimin ya bambanta da yankunan arewaci da kudancin yammacin Larabawa, musamman yankin Syro-Falasdinawa da kuma Yemen, inda masana tarihi ke da tushe daban-daban kamar ragowar wuraren ibada, rubuce-rubuce, abubuwan lura da marubutan Greco-Roman, da bayanan da masana tarihi na coci suka tattara. Yankin Hejaz da ke kewaye da Makka yana da yanayin nisa, dutsen da ba shi da kyau, wanda ke tallafawa tsirar jama'a a cikin warwatsewar tudu da kuma shimfidar ƙasa mai albarka. Gabar Tekun Bahar Maliya ba ta ba da tashar jiragen ruwa mai sauƙi ba kuma mazaunan bakin teku da ƙauyuka a yankin ba su da ilimi.Peters, F. E. (1994). Mecca: a Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 135–136. ISBN 978-1-4008-8736-1. OCLC 978697983.

Binciken ilimi ya nuna cewa a lokacin Muhammadu mutanen Makka sun kai kusan 550.[43] Malaman musulmi masu amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya na iya sanya adadin ya kai 10,000.[44] Maganar Makka ta farko a cikin adabin da ba na Musulunci ba ya zo ne a shekara ta 741, tun bayan rasuwar Muhammad, a cikin tarihin Byzantine-Arab, ko da yake a nan marubucin ya sanya yankin a Mesopotamiya maimakon Hejaz.[45]thumb|Zanen yanayin garin makka a wani karni na baya

Tufafi 

 Mulki 

 Addini 

Qur'ani 

Masallatai 


Makkah 

Madina 

 Mutane 

 Al'adu 

 Tattalin arziki 

 Noma 

Manazarta

Category:Biranen Saudiyya