Atlanta

Atlanta, (lafazi: /atelanta/) birni ne, da ke a jihar Georgia, a ƙasar Tarayyar Amurka. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2010, akwai jimilar mutane 6,775,511 a Atlanta. An gina birnin Atlanta a shekara ta Alif, 1837.

Tarihi

An kafa Atlanta asali ne a matsayin tashar jirgin ƙasa mai ɗaukar nauyi na jiha, to amma ba da daɗewa ba ta zama wurin haɗuwa tsakanin manyan hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da yawa, tana haɓaka, ta haɓaka cikin sauri. Mafi girman waje shi ne titin jirgin ƙasa na Yamma da Atlantika, daga cikinsa aka samo sunan "Atlanta", wanda ke nuna girman sunan birnin a matsayin babbar hanyar sufuri.A lokacin yakin basasar Amurka, ya taka muhimmiyar  rawa ga ƙungiya har lokacin da aka kama shi a cikin 1864. Birnin ya kusan konewa kurmus a lokacin Maris na Janar William T. Sherman zuwa Teku. Duk da haka, birnin ya sake farfadowa sosai  bayan yakin kuma cikin sauri ya zama cibiyar masana'antu ta kasa da kuma babban birnin "New South" wanda ba na hukuma ba. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ita ma ta zama cibiyar masana'antu da fasaha. A cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960, ta zama babbar cibiyar shirya ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin jama'a ta Amurka, tare da Martin Luther King Jr., Ralph David Abernathy, da sauran jama'ar gari da dama sun zama fitattun mutane a cikin jagorancin ƙungiyar. A zamanin yau, Atlanta ta kasance mai gaskiya ga sunanta a matsayin babbar cibiyar sufuri, tare da Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport ta zama filin jirgin sama mafi yawan zirga-zirga a duniya ta hanyar zirga-zirgar fasinja a 1998 (matsayin da take riƙe kowace shekara , ban da 2020 sakamakon annobar COVID-19 ta duniya.Tare da babban samfurin cikin gida (GDP) na dala biliyan 406, Atlanta tana da tattalin arzikin birane wanda itace ta goma mafi girma a cikin Amurka kuma ta 20 mafi girma a duniya. Ana la'akari da tattalin arzikinta daban-daban, tare da manyan sassa a masana'antu ciki har da sufurin sararin samaniya, dabaru, kiwon lafiya, labarai da ayyukan watsa labaru, fina-finai da talabijin, fasahar bayanai, kudi, da bincike na ilimin halittu da manufofin jama'a.

 Yakin Basasa 
A shekara ta 1860, yawan mutanen Atlanta ya karu zuwa 9,554. A lokacin yakin basasa na Amurka, haɗin gwiwar hanyoyin jiragen kasa da yawa a Atlanta sun sanya birnin ya zama cibiyar dabarun rarraba kayan soja. "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 22, 2021.

A cikin 1864, Sojojin Tarayyar sun koma kudu bayan kama Chattanooga kuma suka fara mamaye arewacin Georgia . Yankin da ke kewaye da Atlanta shi ne wurin da aka yi manyan fadace-fadacen dakaru da dama, wanda ya kawo karshe da yakin Atlanta da kuma tsawon watanni hudu da Sojoji suka yi wa birnin a karkashin umurnin Janar William Tecumseh Sherman . Ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1864, Janar Janar John Bell Hood ya yanke shawarar ja da baya daga Atlanta, kuma ya ba da umarnin lalata duk gine-ginen jama'a da dukiyar da za a iya amfani da su ga Rundunar Sojan Ƙasa. Kashegari, magajin garin James Calhoun ya mika wuya ga rundunar sojan Amurka a Atlanta, kuma a ranar 7 ga Satumba, Sherman ya umarci farar hular birnin da su fice. Ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 1864, Sherman ya shirya don Maris na Rundunar Soja zuwa Tekun ta hanyar ba da umarnin lalata sauran dukiyar soja na Atlanta. "Love it or loathe it, the city's nickname is accurate for the summer". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. June 16, 2008. Retrieved June 4, 2021.

Hotuna

 Reconstruction and late 19th century 
Bayan yakin basasa ya ƙare a cikin 1865, an sake gina Atlanta a hankali a lokacin Sake Ginawa . Aikin ya ja hankalin sabbin mazauna. Saboda babbar hanyar sufurin dogo ta birni, an ƙaura da babban birnin jihar daga Milledgeville zuwa Atlanta a 1868.  A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta 1880, Atlanta ta zarce Savannah a matsayin birni mafi girma na Jojiya. "Because we're the only city easily identified by just one letter". Creative Loafing. November 23, 2011. Archived from the original on May 12, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2012.

Da farko a cikin 1880s, Henry W. Grady, editan jaridar Tsarin Mulki na Atlanta, ya inganta Atlanta ga masu zuba jari a matsayin birni na " Sabuwar Kudu " wanda zai dogara ne akan tattalin arzikin zamani da rashin dogara ga aikin noma. A shekara ta 1885, kafuwar Makarantar Fasaha ta Georgia (yanzu Georgia Tech ) da Cibiyar Jami'ar Atlanta, ƙungiyar kwalejojin Black na tarihi da suka ƙunshi raka'a na maza da mata, sun kafa Atlanta a matsayin cibiyar ilimi mai zurfi. A cikin 1895, Atlanta ta karbi bakuncin Jihohin Auduga da Nunin Kasa da Kasa, wanda ya jawo kusan masu halarta 800,000 kuma ya sami nasarar haɓaka ci gaban Sabuwar Kudu ga duniya. 

A cikin shekarun farko na ƙarni na 20, Atlanta ta ji daɗin ci gaban da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba. A cikin shekaru 30 da suka wuce, yawan jama'ar Atlanta ya ninka sau uku yayin da iyakokin birni suka faɗaɗa zuwa hada da kewayen ababen hawa na kusa. Tsawon sararin birni ya girma tare da gina Daidaitacce, Flatiron, Empire, da Gine-ginen Candler . Sweet Auburn ya fito a matsayin cibiyar kasuwancin Black. Haka kuma lokacin ya kasance yana cike da husuma da bala'i. Tashin hankali na kabilanci ya haifar da tashin hankalin tseren Atlanta na 1906, lokacin da fararen fata suka kai hari ga Baƙar fata, inda suka kashe aƙalla mutane 27 tare da raunata sama da 70, tare da lalacewa mai yawa a unguwannin Black. A cikin 1913, Leo Frank, wani mai kula da masana'antar Bayahude-Ba-Amurke, an yanke masa hukuncin kisan wata yarinya 'yar shekara 13 a cikin wata shari'a da ta fito fili. An yanke masa hukuncin kisa amma gwamnan ya sassauta hukuncin da aka yanke masa zuwa rai da rai. Wasu fusatattun ’yan daba sun kama shi daga kurkuku a 1915 suka rataye shi a Marietta . Al’ummar Yahudawa da ke Atlanta da kuma fadin kasar sun firgita.  A ranar 21 ga Mayu, 1917, babbar gobara ta Atlanta ta lalata gine-gine 1,938 a cikin abin da yanzu ke Tsohuwar Ward na Hudu, wanda ya haifar da mace-mace guda daya da kuma gudun hijirar mutane 10,000. "Our Quiz Column". Sunny South. p. 5. Archived from the original on December 18, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2011.

Ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1939, Atlanta ta karbi bakuncin farko na Gone with the Wind, fim din almara wanda ya dogara da mafi kyawun sayar da labari ta Atlanta ta Margaret Mitchell . Taron gala a Loew's Grand Theater ya samu halartar fitaccen mai shirya fim, David O. Selznick, da taurarin fim Clark Gable, Vivien Leigh, da Olivia de Havilland, amma Hattie McDaniel wanda ya lashe Oscar Hattie McDaniel, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Ba'amurke, an hana shi daga shiga. taron saboda dokokin wariyar launin fata. "Our Quiz Column". Sunny South. p. 5. Archived from the original on December 18, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2011.

Manazarta

Category:Biranen Tarayyar Amurka