Kwame Nkrumah

Kwame Nkrumah
Francis Kwame Nkrumah (Nzema: [kʷame nkruma], Apɔsɛ la 21 Sakutega ŋmarega 1909 ta paɛ– 27 Kilinkiiŋa ŋmarega 1972) A yuum de la Gaana wa nalɛgra, se'em n zamese mina nalɛgebo yɛla la nɛriseka n ze'ele bo teesune yɛla. Eŋa n yuum de "Prime Minister" bo Gaana wa ti ba yuum yi'ira "Gold Coast" wa la ze'ele 1952 tare ta paɛ 1957, sanseka ti ba yuum to'e "independence" Britainhttps://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230361270_4 duma nu'usum la gee nyaa bona fãi la. Sankanasa la, Ina yuum de "Prime Minister yia daana" la Gaana wa kukayuumdaana "President of Ghana", ze'ele 1957 ta paɛ 1966. A yuum de la budibekansanka inya n ani yãi bo Pan-Africanism, Nkrumah yuum lagum pa'asɛ la nɛrisɛba n yuum de yia duma ti ba tari Afrika nuyine tigere la ti ba yi'ira "Organization of African Unity (OAU)" Ina me e yuum de se'em n di winner of the Lenin Peace Prize mi'a ze'ele "Soviet Union" 1962https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography yuuni la puan.

 Birth and Education 
Ba yuum dɔgɛ Kwame Nkrumah Talata-daare, 21 Sakutega ŋmarega 1909https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2018/10/10/kwame-nkrumah-lse/https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/nonviolence-of-Mahatma-Gandhi-in-Ghana.html in Nkroful puan, Gold Coast (gee nyaa dɛna Gaana nananewa)https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/03/archives/man-in-the-news-an-african-enigma-kwame-nkrumah.htmlhttps://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1. Nkroful yuum de la tinpika n boi Nzema bobere diyimahttps://archive.org/details/ghanacountrystud00berr/page/27, lebese southwest, Gold Coast bobere diyima sa, dū "frontier" la French colony n ka zãi la Ivory Coast. A sɔ yuum ka lagum ki'ira la ayire duma His father did not live with the family, gee a tuuma zi'a yuum boi la Half Assini puan zi'a to a yuum tuna "goldsmithhttps://web.archive.org/web/20230205164542/https://www.uew.edu.gh/lib-fetured/ghana-autobiography-kwame-nkrumah business" tagura a kum. Kwame Nkrumah ma la ayizuo nɛreba n yuum bisɛ e ti a ta zo'e kutɛhttps://doi.org/10.5040%2F9781472598837.ch-021, sɛba n yuum lagum bɔna gee ka tara nɛreba ti ba bɔna kinkilega ti ba kina bisera ba. Yuum kɔ'ɔm ka tara nɛra ti a bisira e n di bia la, a vom a vom tinpika la puan, goo la kulisesi n dū lahttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney.

A sukuu yuuma saga nasaatiga sa la During his years as a student in the 'United States', a yu'ure yuum de la Francis Nwia Kofi Nkrumah, Kofi de la Akan yu'ure ti ba tara bo'ora budaasi seba ti ba duge azumahttps://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.u5557 daare la. Gee pooren ti a yuum nyaa ta tee yu'ure ti la tee dena Kwame Nkrumah in 1945 yuuni la UK tiga puan, a yuum nuge la a yuse'eren n de "Kwame"https://www.primenewsghana.com/politics/kwame-nkrumah-memorial-day-dr-kwame-nkrumah-a-son-of-the-soil.htmlhttps://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html. Doose Ebenezer Obiri Addo a zamese-seko ti a yuum zamesa ti abeere dena kukazuodaana la "future president", yu'ure wa n de "Nkrumah", de la a buure la yu'ure ti ba tara bo'ora bia ti ba duge buwei puan, ti la pa'ale ti, ti Kwame n nari ti bona zi'a bii kale sika puan n bala bo'ora budaseka pogeba n zo'ehttps://web.archive.org/web/20201018205429/http://www.tvafrique.com/kwame-nkrumah/.

A su, Opanyin Kofi Nwiana Ngolomah, yuum ze'ele la Nkroful n pa'ase Nzema East puan gee nananewa ti ba nyaa yi'ira ti Ellembele, la pa'ase la Asona clan n de Akan Tribe. tuusum pa'ale ti Ngolomah yuum ki'ire la Tarkwa-Nsuaem gee tuna goldsmith tuuma la.

Ba yuum bo'ore Ngolomah gilema dikire yem ka'ago paara bii bo'ora nereseba ka'ago yesera ba buure malema la kurukurum yela la. A ki la 1927 yuuni la puan.

Kwame ma'a n yuum de ama bia. A ma la yuum tari e kige la elementary sukuu, ti Catholic mission duma bisera 'Half Assini' puan, zi'a ti yuum dena sukuu bia n mi gugu.

Gee a ma, se'em yu'ure n yuum de Elizabeth Nyanibah (1876/77–1979), pooren ti a yuum pa'ale ti doge e la 1912, ti Nkrumah yuum gulese ti ba doge e la 21 Sakutega gmarega 1909. A ma yuum ze'ele la Nsuaem gee yuum dena Agona yizuo nera. A ma yuum tune la zim leebego tuuma gee nyaa wa'ana ele a su la. A dugum la pooren dabesa anii daare, ti a su sige a yu'ure ti Francis Nwia-Kofi doose a buure tuusum yu'ure gee ti pooren ti dugereba yuum sige e ti Francis Kwame Ngolomah.

 Return to Gold Coast 

 'United Gold Coast Convention' 
1946 Gold Coast wara gɔŋɔ la daa bɔ Afirika duma la nɛreba zo'e zo'e yɔ'ɔ bɔna legiseletifi tigere la puan. Dena ti ba daa bisɛ nyɛ ti la de la yɔsuŋɔ bɔ ba ti ba ta'an dena n sɔ n mɛŋa gɔmena duma,[82 ] wara paalega biŋere la n daa yo'e ba puti'ira ti ba koloni la daa pɔsɛ tigise di yia politika paati bɔna August 1947, 'the United Gold Coast Convention' (UGCC).[83] UGCC la daa kɔ'ɔm ɛɛra n sɔ n mɛŋa gɔmena saŋa wana fii puan. Ba nɛŋa duma la za'a daa de la gɔminiba, bala la baa nya pakɛ la nɛra ti ba yɔ en ti a bisa paati la zuo yɛla. Ba puti'ira daa ta lu la Nkrumah zuo, Aku Adjei n daa bɔ a puti'ire ti ba loe Nkrumah. Nkrumah daa ka sakɛ amaa pooren ti a daa le ta bisɛ UGCC daa bɔ la nɛresɛba n boti zabɛ faɛ ba tiŋa yese solemiisi nu'usi, nya eŋɛ a puti'ire tii dena la wan ta'an bɔ en politikal yɔ'ɔ zo'e zo'e yere daa le ta sakɛ. British duma la daa soke  sɛla zuo ti a dikɛ a mɛŋa lagum 'communist' duma la, Nkrumah daa doose la MV Accra n boi Liverpool tiŋa puan la zo leme la Accra bɔna November 1947[84][85]

A daa tegese fii Sierra Leone, la Liberia, la Ivory Coast tisi puan dee nya daa wa paakɛ Gold Coast naa la a ma kɛ ŋwana fii bɔna Tarkwa. A daa pɔsɛ paati la ofisi tuuma la Saltpond bɔna 29th December, 1947, ti daa de na paati la gɔngulesa [18][86] Nkrumah daa kɔ'ɔm eŋɛ kalam bɔ puti'ira ti ba  basɛ ti ba yo'ose paati la bɔna Koloni la luga za'a puan dee me yeti ba vaɛ isege la ba zabɛ bisɛ ba san wan nyaŋɛ nyɛ n sɔ n mɛŋa gɔmena. Putidena daa tari la welesegɔ wa'am paati la tiŋasuka sansɛka ti J.B. Danquah daa de na paati la nɛŋadaana la.Nkrumah daa nya ɛ kaa tiŋa la za'a ti a zusɛ suŋerɛ wa'am ti bɔ UGCC paati la ti ba ta'am yo'ose paati la bɔna koloni la luga za'a puan. [87]

Gold Coast koloni la daa pugum yalekɛ suŋa suŋa gana Britain duma koloni sɛba n boi Afirika tisi puan la za'a, ba nini daa kelum ka tigɛ. 

Zaberɛ la pooren la lɔgerɔ da'a tõo daa basɛ ti nɛreba la sunsu'a n nyiɛ. La daa ta paa beene ti Arab duma koosegɔ la daa pugum posɛ bɔna January 1948 puan la daa yeti bama ka n le koose bii ba tum. Kooko kaareba za'a sunsu'a daa nyiɛ mɛ, sɛla n sɔ la ba bunyooro n daa sa'ani ba kooko la dee ti Kooko la daa kelum wana ŋwana suŋa suŋa ti koloni zuoduma la daa wa sagum kooko la basɛ [88]. Sɛba n daa pa'asɛ tiŋɔŋɔ za'a zabɛ se'ere tagelɛ buyi zuo la daa paakɛ nɛreba 63,000 bɔna Gold Coast tiŋa wa puan. Ba zo'e zo'e daa ka tari tuuma nya daa eŋɛ ba puti'ira ti koloni zuoduma la daa ka suŋere bama. Nkrumah la Danquah daa naa la sɛba n daa tum ti ba yuuma paakɛ ti ba zi'ire vo'ose la sosɛ mɛ bɔna Accra, 20th February, 1948 ti ba daa te'ele dikɛ puti'ire ti ba tari gɔŋɔ ta bɔ koloni gɔmena la. Ba daa tari gɔŋɔ la siŋɛ ta ba bɔ 28th February 1948 puan la, sogɛpa batã ti ba daa ŋmɛ la bugundooro ku, dena n daa tari Accra 1948 gberekere la wa'ana, ti la daa nya kɔ'ɔm kaɛ tiŋa la za'a wilema [89].  Fu san bisɛ Nkrumah vom yɛla gɔŋɔ  la puan, David Birmingham, ''West Africa's erstwhile'' ''model koloni '', daa nyɛ la gberekere ti tuuma la koosegɔ yɛla daa eŋɛ bura bura. ''[90]

 Ghana Independence 

 Ghana's leader (1957–1966) 
 Political developments and presidential election 

 Opposition to tribalism 

 Increased power of the Convention People's Party 

 Ligeri la tiŋa maalegɔ yɛla (Economic policy) 
Bɔna February, 1962, Nkrumah daa dikɛ la a 1961 Chevrolet Impala Loore la siŋɛ Akosombo mɔgerɛ la ti ba daa bɔna bini maala la puan.

Gold coast daa pa'asɛ la tinsesi n tari la puan. Ba daa tari sukuu duma, pala, asibitum duma, la yɛla tin-maalegɔ yɛla  zo'e zo'e la ligiri yɛla puan.[194]

Nkrumah daa boti a maalɛ Ghana tiŋa ligiri yɛla  la mɛ ŋwana kalam kalam. A daa eŋɛ a puti'irɛ ri Ghana san nyaŋɛ yese solemisi la nu'usum, dɔla la ba san ka tara ba puti'ira dɔga la solemisi la ligiri zuo, la ba nasaatuuma yɛla zuo, la ba lɔgerɔ zuo, a wan nyaŋɛ sirum lebege n sɔ n mɛŋa tiŋa.[195].

Bɔna yuumpia tin-maalegɔ puti'ire la pooren la, Nkrumah daa le tari la tin-maalegɔ sɛka n tagelɛ buyi zuo puti'ire wa'am na 1959. Putidena n daa tari lɔgemaalegɔ faketiri duma 600 ti ba maala lɔgerɔ yima yima n paakɛ 100 [196]

'Statutory Corporation Act' ti ba daa biŋe bɔna 1959 dee daa le demese en bɔna 1961 la daa bɔ yɔ'ɔ ti 'public corporation' duma tuna. Dena daa lagum dikɛ 'state enterprise' duma pa'asɛ mɛ. Wara kana daa basɛ ti gɔmena miniseta duma n bisera tiŋa la 'corporation' kara la. 'State enterprise sectariate office' la daa boi la gɔmena zuodaana la yire ti gɔmena zuodaana la sɔna bisera. [197][198] 

Nkrumah daa kaɛ bisɛ Soviet tigere Union la Eastern Europe la China bɔna 1961 la, a daa kelum kɔ'ɔm eŋɛ a puti'ire tiŋa la mɛŋa nari ti ka sɔna ka mɛŋa ligiri yɛla bisera. [199][198]

Nkrumah na'am pɔsega la daa siŋɛ la suŋa suŋa: tiisi sɛlega, zim uka, la nii uka daa kɔ'ɔm zo'ora mɛ. Kooko (Ghana koosego logokatɛ ) daa malum zo'e la sugunuurɛ buyi dee ti bauxide la salema me daa kɔ'ɔm da'ara suŋa suŋa. [200] Mɔgere sɛka ti ba daa gaɛ dɔla Volta kuleka la na'arɛ la (bɔna 1961) la daa bɔ kaareba ko'om dee me kelum bɔ 'hydro-electric power' ti bu daa bugum suŋa suŋa bɔ da'asi la dee me kelum 'new aluminum plant'. Gɔmena me daa kelum bɔ ligiri ti timbisi la dikɛ suŋɛ tin-maalegɔ yɛla. Bilam ti ba daa mɛ sukuu duma la pala. [201][202]

Yuuma ayopoi puti'ire ti ba daa dikɛ biŋɛ 1964 ti ba kelum tum tin-maalegɔ tuuma la asi'a magewoo a yuuma boti ti tu misi maala sɛla woo ti tu bɔta, a yuuma tari teere wa'am Mia lɔgerɔ puan mɛ, geebyuum kelum tari nasaa bugum wa'am rinsi Zoe zo'e [206][196].

 Kwame Nkrumah Tuuma Tuuma 
 "Negro History: European Government in Africa", The Lincolnian, 12 April 1938, p. 2 (Lincoln University, Pennsylvania) – see Special Collections and Archives, Lincoln University Archived 17 August 2009 at the Wayback MachineBontemps, Arna (20 April 2017). "Lincoln and the Negro". University of Illinois Press. 1. doi:10.5406/illinois/9780252037696.003.0005.
 Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah (1957). ISBN 0-901787-60-4Nkrumah, Kwame (2002). Ghana: the autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah (Africa's 100 best books ed.). London: Panaf. ISBN 0-901787-60-4. OCLC 6567302.
 Africa Must Unite (1963). ISBN 0-901787-13-2Nkrumah, Kwame (1963). Africa must unite. London: Panaf ISBN 0-901787-13-2. OCLC 6567302.
 African Personality (1963)Mead, Margeret (1963). Technique & personality. Museum of Primitive Art. OCLC 603547274.

De essence of neo-colonialism be say de State wey be subject to ein be, for theory inside, independent wey e get all de outwards trappings for international sovereignty. For reality inside e be ein economic system den thus ein political policy wey outside direct am.

— 

 Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism (1965)
 Axioms of Kwame Nkrumah (1967). ISBN 0-901787-54-X
 African Socialism Revisited (1967)
 Challenge of the Congo (1967)
 Voice From Conakry (1967). ISBN 90-17-87027-3
 Dark Days in Ghana (1968). ISBN 0-7178-0046-6
 Handbook of Revolutionary Warfare (1968) – first introduction of Pan-African pellet compass. ISBN 0-7178-0226-4
 Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for De-Colonisation (1970). ISBN 0-901787-11-6
 Class Struggle in Africa (1970). ISBN 0-901787-12-4
 The Struggle Continues (1973). ISBN 0-901787-41-8
 I Speak of Freedom (1973). ISBN 0-901787-14-0
 Revolutionary Path (1973). ISBN 978-0-901787-22-4

Amiŋa vom yɛla
Kwame Nkrumah pɔŋa de la  Fathia Ritzk, se'em n de Egyptian Coptic bank tumtuna la pa'ala kūreka, dabesere daare yu'uŋɔ ti ba yuum paɛ Gaana wa la: Ti ba di yuum paalɛ la New Eve, 1957–1958http://www.nathanielturner.com/fathiankrumahfarewell.htm. Fathia's Ma yuum ka sakɛ ti kã maalɛ ba pɔgedire la, belam pooren ti a bipɔgela ayi a yuum doose a nasaa sira lebe nasaatiŋahttps://web.archive.org/web/20200610125740/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/here-are-all-the-first-ladies-of-ghana-since-independence/0l2k3hwhttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#cite_note-283

Wooo pɔka la sira lee taaba se'em la, Fathia la n Nkrumah yuum dɔŋɛ la kɔma batã: ba dɔŋɛ Gamal (1958 yuuni la puan), dɔŋɛ Samia (1960 yuuni la puan) gee me dɔŋɛ Sekou (1964 yuuni la puan). Gamal yuum de la gɔŋɔ la gulegɔ Tumtuna is a "newspaper journalist", gee ti Samia la Sekou me yuum dɛna nalɛgereba "politicians". Nkrumah yuum kelum tara bia, ti ka yu'urɛ dɛna, Francis, a me yuum "paediatrician" ba yuum dɔŋɛ ni la (1935 yuuni la puan).https://web.archive.org/web/20181019075818/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/September-22nd/africa-must-re-examine-implement-nkrumahs-ideas-francis-nkrumah.php
Exiled and death

Nkrumah yuum ki la 27 kinlikiiŋa ŋmarega 1972, Bucharest puan, Romaniahttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Kwame-Nkrumah tinkãtɛ la puan, ti nɛra kamina, la me yuum kɔ'ɔm dɛna la bã'a n ka tari tibegɔ. Ze'ele a ŋmɛ gee to'e na'am saŋa sa la, a ki'irɛ la Guinean tinkãtɛ la puan n boi Conakry, gã'a tiŋa.

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