Climate change

For common usage, climate change dey describe global warming—de ongoing increase insyd global average temperature den ein effects for de Earth ein Climate system top. Climate change insyd broader sense sanso dey include previous long-term changes to Earth ein climate. De current rise insyd global average temperature be primarily caused by humans burning fossil fuels since de Industrial Revolution.IPCC SR15 Ch1 2018, p. 54: "These global-level rates of human-driven change far exceed the rates of change driven by geophysical or biosphere forces that have altered the Earth System trajectory in the past (e.g., Summerhayes, 2015; Foster et al., 2017); even abrupt geophysical events do not approach current rates of human-driven change."Lynas, Mark; Houlton, Benjamin Z.; Perry, Simon (19 October 2021). "Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature". Environmental Research Letters. 16 (11): 114005. Bibcode:2021ERL....16k4005L. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966. ISSN 1748-9326. S2CID 239032360. Fossil fuel use, deforestation, den some agricultural den industrial practices dey add to greenhouse gases.Our World in Data, 18 September 2020 Dese gases absorb sam of de heat dat de Earth dey radiate after e dey warm from sunlight, dey warm de lower atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, de primary greenhouse gas dey drive global warming, na e grow by about 50% wey e dey levels unseen for millions of years.IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. 67: "Concentrations of CO2, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current CO2 concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."

Climate change get increasingly large impact for de environment top. Deserts dey expand, while heat waves den wildfires cam turn more common.IPCC SRCCL 2019, p. 7: "Since the pre-industrial period, the land surface air temperature has risen nearly twice as much as the global average temperature (high confidence). Climate change... contributed to desertification and land degradation in many regions (high confidence)."IPCC SRCCL 2019, p. 45: "Climate change is playing an increasing role in determining wildfire regimes alongside human activity (medium confidence), with future climate variability expected to enhance the risk and severity of wildfires in many biomes such as tropical rainforests (high confidence)." Na amplified warming insyd de Arctic contribute to thawing permafrost, retreat of glaciers den sea ice decline.IPCC SROCC 2019, p. 16: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)." Higher temperatures sanso dey cause more intense storms, droughts, den oda weather extremes.IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11 2021, p. 1517 Rapid environmental change insyd mountains, coral reefs, den de Arctic dey force chaw species make dem relocate anaa cam turn extinct.EPA (19 January 2017). "Climate Impacts on Ecosystems". Archived from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2019. Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent. Even if efforts make dem minimize future warming be successful, sam effects go continue for centuries. Dese dey include ocean heating, ocean acidification den sea level rise.IPCC SR15 Ch1 2018, p. 64: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and declining net anthropogenic non-CO2 radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."

Climate change dey threaten people plus increased flooding, extreme heat, increased food den water scarcity, more disease, den economic loss. Human migration den conflict sanso fi be a result.Cattaneo et al. 2019; IPCC AR6 WG2 2022, pp. 15, 53 De World Health Organization dey bell climate change one of de biggest threats to global health insyd de 21st century.WHO, Nov 2023 Societies den ecosystems go experience more severe risks widout action to limit warming.IPCC AR6 WG2 2022, p. 19 Dey adapt to climate change thru efforts like flood control measures anaa drought-resistant crops partially dey reduce climate change risks, although dem already reach sam limits to adaptation.IPCC AR6 WG2 2022, pp. 21–26, 2504IPCC AR6 SYR SPM 2023, pp. 8–9: "Effectiveness15 of adaptation in reducing climate risks16 is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence)...Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)." Poorer communities be responsible for small share of global emissions, yet get de least ability make dem adapt wey dem be most vulnerable to climate change.Tietjen, Bethany (2 November 2022). "Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries?". The Conversation. Retrieved 30 August 2023."Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability". IPCC. 27 February 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

Na dem feel chaw climate change impacts insyd recent years, plus 2023 de warmest for record top at +1.48 °C (2.66 °F) since regular tracking begin insyd 1850.Poynting, Mark; Rivault, Erwan (10 January 2024). "2023 confirmed as world's hottest year on record". BBC. Retrieved 13 January 2024."Human, economic, environmental toll of climate change on the rise: WMO | UN News". news.un.org. 21 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2024. Additional warming go increase dese impacts wey dem fi trigger tipping points, such as dey melt all of de Greenland ice sheet.IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. 71 Under de 2015 Paris Agreement, nations collectively agree make dem keep warming "well under 2 °C". However, plus pledges dem make under de Agreement, global warming go still reach about 2.7 °C (4.9 °F) by de end of de century.United Nations Environment Programme 2021, p. 36: "A continuation of the effort implied by the latest unconditional NDCs and announced pledges is at present estimated to result in warming of about 2.7 °C (range: 2.2–3.2 °C) with a 66 per cent chance." Limiting warming to 1.5 °C go require make dem dey halve emissions by 2030 den dey achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.IPCC SR15 Ch2 2018, pp. 95–96: "In model pathways with no or limited overshoot of 1.5 °C, global net anthropogenic CO2 emissions decline by about 45% from 2010 levels by 2030 (40–60% interquartile range), reaching net zero around 2050 (2045–2055 interquartile range)"IPCC SR15 2018, p. 17, SPM C.3: "All pathways that limit global warming to 1.5 °C with limited or no overshoot project the use of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) on the order of 100–1000 GtCO2 over the 21st century. CDR would be used to compensate for residual emissions and, in most cases, achieve net negative emissions to return global warming to 1.5 °C following a peak (high confidence). CDR deployment of several hundreds of GtCO2 is subject to multiple feasibility and sustainability constraints (high confidence)."Rogelj et al. 2015Hilaire et al. 2019

Dem fi phase out fossil fuel use by make dem dey conserve energy den switch to energy sources wey no dey produce significant carbon pollution. Dese energy sources dey include wind, solar, hydro, den nuclear power.IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III 2014, p. 1335IPCC AR6 WG3 2022, pp. 24–25, 89 Cleanly generated electricity fi replace fossil fuels for make dem dey power transportation, dey heat buildings, den dey run industrial processes.IPCC AR6 WG3 2022, p. 84: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)." Dem sanso fi komot carbon from de atmosphere, for instance by make dem dey increase forest cover den farming plus methods twey dey capture carbon insyd soil.IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019, p. 18IPCC AR6 WG3 2022, pp. 24–25, 114

 References 

 Sources 
Dis article dey incorporate text from free content work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Text dem take from The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview​, FAO, FAO.

 IPCC reports 
Fourth Assessment Report

 IPCC (2007). Solomon, S.; Qin, D.; Manning, M.; Chen, Z.; et al. (eds.). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88009-1.
 Le Treut, H.; Somerville, R.; Cubasch, U.; Ding, Y.; et al. (2007). "Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Climate Change Science" (PDF). IPCC AR4 WG1 2007. pp. 93–127.
 Randall, D. A.; Wood, R. A.; Bony, S.; Colman, R.; et al. (2007). "Chapter 8: Climate Models and their Evaluation" (PDF). IPCC AR4 WG1 2007. pp. 589–662.
 Hegerl, G. C.; Zwiers, F. W.; Braconnot, P.; Gillett, N. P.; et al. (2007). "Chapter 9: Understanding and Attributing Climate Change" (PDF). IPCC AR4 WG1 2007. pp. 663–745.

 External links 
Listen to this article (1 hour and 16 minutes)

Na dem create dis audio file from revision of dis article date 30 October 2021, wey e no dey reflect subsequent edits.

Scholia has a profile for climate change (Q7942).

Library resources about Climate change

 Resources insyd your library
 Resources insyd oda libraries

 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: IPCC (IPCC)
 UN: Climate Change (UN)
 Met Office: Climate Guide (Met Office)
 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Climate (NOAA)


Category:Anthropocene
Category:Global environmental issues
Category:History of climate variability den change
Category:Human impact for de environment top