UNESCO

De United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO /juːˈnɛskoʊ/) be a specialized agency of de United Nations (UN) plus de aim of make e dey promote world peace den security thru international cooperation insyd education, arts, sciences den culture. E get 194 member states den 12 associate members, as well as partners insyd de non-governmental, intergovernmental den private sector. E be headquartered insyd Paris, France, UNESCO get 53 regional field offices den 199 national commissions.

Na dem found UNESCO insyd 1945 as de successor to de League of Nations' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation. Na UNESCO ein founding mission, wich na dem shape by de events of World War II, be to advance peace, sustainable development den human rights by make dem dey facilitate collaboration den dialogue among nations. E dey pursue dis objective thru five major programme areas: education, natural sciences, social/human sciences, culture den communication/information. UNESCO dey sponsor projects wey dey improve literacy, dey provide technical training den education, advance science, protect independent media den press freedom, preserve regional den cultural history, den dey promote cultural diversity. De organization dey prominently help establish den secure World Heritage Sites of cultural den natural importance.

UNESCO be governed by de General Conference wey be composed of member states den associate members, wich dey meet biannually make dem set de agency ein programs den budget. E sanso dey elect members of de executive board, wich dey manage UNESCO ein work, den dey appoint every four years a Director-General, wey dey serve as UNESCO ein chief administrator.

 History 

 Origins 
UNESCO den ein mandate for international cooperation fi be traced back to a League of Nations resolution on 21 September 1921, make dem elect a commission study de feasibility of having nations freely share cultural, educational den scientific achievements. Dis new body, de International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC), na dem create am insyd 1922 wey e count such figures as Henri Bergson, Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Robert A. Millikan, den Gonzague de Reynold among ein members (thus ebe a small commission of de League of Nations essentially centre for Western Europe). Na dem create de International Institute for Intellectual Cooperation (IIIC) insyd Paris insyd September 1924, make e act as de executing agency give de ICIC. However, na de onset of World War II largely interrupt de work of dese predecessor organizations. As for private initiatives, na de International Bureau of Education (IBE) begin dey work as a non-governmental organization insyd de service of international educational development since December 1925 wey e join UNESCO insyd 1969, after dem establish a joint commission insyd 1952.

 Creation 
After dem sign Atlantic Charter and United Nations Declaration, dem start CAME meeting for London from 16 November 1942 to 5 December 1945. On 30 October 1943, dem talk say e dey important to get international body for Moscow Declaration, as China, UK, US and USSR agree. Next, Dumbarton Oaks Conference proposals land on 9 October 1944. As CAME propose and based on UN Conference on International Organization (UNCIO) wey happen for San Francisco from April to June 1945, dem call United Nations Conference to set up educational and cultural organization (ECO/CONF) for London from 1 to 16 November 1945 with forty-four governments show face. Rab Butler, wey be UK Minister of Education, na him dey push de idea of UNESCO well well.The work of U.N.E.S.C.O. (Hansard, 26 January 1949) . Millbank systems. Retrieved 12 July 2013. At de ECO/CONF, dem introduce de Constitution of UNESCO  plus 37 countries sign am, plus dem establish a Preparatory Commission.Den come create Preparatory Commission. De Preparatory Commission don operate between 16 November 1945, den 4 November 1946 — de date when UNESCO's Constitution come insyde force with de deposit of de twentieth ratification by a member state.

Di first General Conference happen from 19 November go 10 December 1946, and dem elected Julian Huxley as Director-General. United States Army colonel, university president plus civil rights advocate Blake R. Van Leer sef join as member. Dem amend Constitution insyde November 1954 when General Conference gree say members of di executive board go be people wey represent di governments of di States wey dem be citizens plus dem no go, as before, act insyde demma own personal capacity. Dis change insyde governance don distinguishe UNESCO from its predecessor, de ICIC, for how member states would work together for de organization fields of competence. As member states dey work together over time to realize UNESCO's mandate, political den historical factors don shape de organization en operations particularly for de time of de Cold War, de decolonization process, plus de breakup of de Soviet Union.

 Development 
Dem big achieve wey di organization get na di work wey dem dey do against racism, like di important talks wey dem don make about race. Dis one start from di declaration wey some anthropologists (like Claude Lévi-Strauss join inside) plus other scientists talk for 1950 come end with di 1978 Declaration on Race den Racial Prejudice.

For 1955, de Republic of South Africa comot from UNESCO wey dem talk say some of wetin de organization dey publish dey cause "interference" for di country "racial wahala". Dem rejoin de organization insyde 1994 under Nelson Mandela en leadership.

One of di early work of UNESCO insyde de education field be one pilot project for fundamental education insyde de Marbial Valley, Haiti, wey dem launch for 1947. After dis project, one expert mission waka to other countries, wey include one mission wey dem do for Afghanistan for 1949. UNESCO talk say for 1948, make all Member countries make free primary education compulsory den universal. World Conference wey dem do for Education for All insyde Jomtien, Thailand, start global movement for 1990 make dem provide basic education for every pikin, youth plus adult. For 2000, World Education Forum wey happen for Dakar, Senegal, make government members  to commit for achieving basic education for all insyde 2015.

De World Declaration for Higher Education na wetin UNESCO talk for their World Conference wey happen for 9 October 1998, e dey aim to set global standard wey go show wetin higher education suppose be plus how everybody fit access am.

UNESCO dey do wetin dem sabi for culture since long, like when dem start di International Campaign wey fit save di Monuments of Nubia for 1960. Di campaign wan move di Great Temple of Abu Simbel make e no go drown for di Nile after dem build di Aswan Dam. For di 20 years wey di campaign last, dem move 22 monuments plus some big buildings. Dis one na di first and di biggest for plenty campaigns wey dey include Mohenjo-daro (Pakistan), Fes (Morocco), Kathmandu (Nepal), Borobudur (Indonesia) plus di Acropolis for Athens (Greece). Di work wey di organization dey do for heritage make dem adopt, for 1972, di Convention wey concern di Protection of di World Cultural and Natural Heritage. For 1976, dem establish di World Heritage Committee and di first sites join di World Heritage List for 1978. Since dat time, important legal instruments for cultural heritage plus diversity don dey adopted by UNESCO member states for 2003 (Convention for di Safeguarding of di Intangible Cultural Heritage) plus 2005 (Convention on di Protection plus Promotion of di Diversity of Cultural Expressions).

One meeting wey UNESCO gather for Paris for December 1951 make dem form European Council for Nuclear Research. Dem be the ones wey dey responsible to set up the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) later on, insyde 1954.

Arid Zone programming, 1948–1966, be another example of one early major UNESCO project insyde de field of natural sciences.

For 1968, UNESCO run di first intergovernmental conference wey wan make environment and development fit balance, matter wey dem still dey handle for sustainable development area. Di main thing wey come out from di 1968 conference na di creation of UNESCO Man plus di Biosphere Programme.

UNESCO don get credit for how dem spread national science bureaucracies.

For de field of communication, di 'free flow of ideas by word plus image' don dey for UNESCO constitution since dem start am, following de experience of de Second World War when control of information be  factor for indoctrinating populations for aggression. After World War II, dem dey focus on rebuilding plus finding wetin people need for proper communication around di world. UNESCO dey organize training den education for journalists since di 1950s. As people dey shout for new way wey infomation den communication go take flow for late 1970s, UNESCO come set up International Commission wey go study de communication wahala, plus dem come drop de 1980 MacBride report (wey dem name after de chairman, Seán MacBride, wey get Nobel Peace Prize). That same year, UNESCO start di International Programme for di Development of Communication (IPDC), wetin be forum wey go help media grow for developing countries. Insyde 1993, de UNESCO General Conference don endorse de Windhoek Declaration on media independence den pluralism, wey lead de UN General Assembly to declare de date wey dem go adopt am, 3 May, as World Press Freedom Day. Since 1997, UNESCO dey give UNESCO / Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize every 3 May.

 21st century 
UNESCO don accept Palestine as member for 2011..

Di laws wey dem pass for United States after Palestine apply for UNESCO plus WHO membership for April 1989Request for the admission of the State of Palestine to UNESCO as a Member State , UNESCO Executive Board, 131st, 1989 mean say di United States no fit give money to any UN organization wey accept Palestine as full member.The laws originated; for further details, see committee discussions at: . The texts of the House and Senate resolutions were subsequently put into the following laws: See also:  As a result, de United States don withdraw dem funding, wey be like 22% of UNESCO en budget. Israel sef respond to Palestine join UNESCO by freeze dem payment go UNESCO plus dey put sanctions for Palestinian Authority, stating dat Palestine join go spoil dem potential peace talks. Two years after stopping payment of its dues to UNESCO, de United States plus Israel lost UNESCO voting rights for 2013 without losing de right to be elected; thus, dem elect de United States as a member of de executive board for de period 2016–19. For 2019, Israel waka comot from UNESCO after 69 years wey dem dey insyde. with Israel ambassador for UN, Danny Danon talk say: 'UNESCO be de body that continually rewrites history, including to wipe out de Jewish link to Jerusalem... e don corrupt plus dey manipulated by Israel en enemies... we no go fit belong to group wey dey act against us on purpose.'

2023 be di first time say dem no go allow Russia join di executive committee, dem no fit gather enough votes. Di United States talk say dem wan come back join UNESCO for 2023, after dem don comot for 5 years, plus dem go pay dem $600 million wey dem owe. Di UNESCO General Conference accept dem back for July that year.

 Activities 
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:UNESCO_Bras%C3%ADlia_Office.jpg|thumb|UNESCO offices insyde Brasília
UNESCO de implement demma activities through five main areas: education, natural sciences, social den human sciences, culture, plus communication plus information.

 UNESCO dey support research for comparative education, de give expertise plus dey join hands with partners to make national education leadership strong plus fit help countries give quality education wey go fit reach everybody. This one include de
 UNESCO Chairs, dem be international network wey get 644 UNESCO chairs, wey involve pass 770 institutions for 126 countries.
 Convention wey dey fight against discrimination for education, dem adopt am for 1960
 Organization of de International Conference on Adult Education (CONFINTEA) insyde 12 years interval 
 Publication of de Education for All Global Monitoring Report
 Publication of de Four Pillars of Learning seminal document
 UNESCO ASPNet be global network wey get over 12,000 schools for 182 countries.
UNESCO no dey give accreditation to higher learning institutions.Because diploma mills have falsely claimed UNESCO accreditation, UNESCO itself has published warnings against education organizations that claim UNESCO recognition or affiliation. See Luca Lantero, Degree Mills: non-accredited and irregular higher education institutions , Information Centre on Academic Mobility and Equivalence (CIMEA), Italy. and UNESCO "Alert: Misuse of UNESCO Name by Bogus Institutions"

 UNESCO de issue public statements to educate de public:

 Seville Statement on Violence: Na statement wey UNESCO take for 1989 to dey clear say humans no be biologically wired to do organized violence.
 Designating projects den places of cultural plus scientific significance, such as:
 Global Geoparks Network
 Biosphere reserves, through di Programme wey dey connect Man plus di Biosphere (MAB), since 1971
 Literature City ; for 2007, Edinburgh na di first city wey get dis title, na di place wey Scotland get im first circulating library. For 2008, Iowa City, Iowa, come join as di City of Literature..
 Di language wey dey face extinction and di projects wey go promote linguistic variety (UNESCO Atlas of World Languages wey dey insyde danger)
 Masterpieces of de Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
 Memory of de World International Register, since 1997, plus some national plus regional registers too.
 Water resources management, through de International Hydrological Programme (IHP), since 1965
 World Heritage Sites
 World Digital Library
 Make we dey push di 'free flow of ideas wey dey come from images and words' by:
UNESCO transparency portal wey dey show make everybody fit see wetin dey happen for di Organization, like di total money wey dem get for two years, plus links to important documents wey relate to programs and money matter. Dis two different types of information dey publish for IATI registry, based on IATI Activity Standard and IATI Organization Standard.

Dem don talk say make we set two new UNESCO lists. De first list go dey about movable cultural heritage like artifacts, paintings, and biofacts. E fit include cultural things like the Jōmon Venus from Japan, Mona Lisa from France, Gebel el-Arak Knife from Egypt, The Ninth Wave from Russia, Seated Woman from Çatalhöyük insyde Turkey, David (Michelangelo) from Italy, Mathura Herakles from India, Manunggul Jar from Philippines, Crown of Baekje from South Korea, The Hay Wain from UK plus de Benin Bronzes from Nigeria. De second list go focus on De living species wey dey for this world.

 Media 
UNESCO plus demma special bodies dey drop plenti magazines.

Dis magazine wey dem call UNESCO Courier start for 1945. Dem say e get mission to 'promote UNESCO ideals, create space for cultures to yarn and give forum for international talk'. From March 2006, e don dey free online, small small printed copies dey available. Di articles na wetin di authors think, e no mean say na UNESCO thoughts be dat. Dem pause publishing from 2012 to 2017.

For 1950, UNESCO start the quarterly review wey dem dey call Impact of Science on Society (or just Impact) make dem fit talk about how science dey affect society. Dem no publish de journal again for 1992.

 Official UNESCO NGOs 

UNESCO get official relations plus 322 international non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Chaw of dese be wat UNESCO dey call "operational"; a select few be "formal". De highest form of affiliation to UNESCO be "formal associate", den de 22 NGOs plus formal associate (ASC) relations wey dey occupy offices for UNESCO be:
 Abbr Organization IB  International Baccalaureate CCIVS  Co-ordinating Committee for International Voluntary Service CIPSH  International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies (Conseil International de Philosophie et des Sciences Humaines; e dey publish Diogenes) CIOFF  International Council of Organizations of Folklore Festivals and Folk Arts (Conseil International des Organisations de Festivals de Folklore et d'Arts Traditionnels) EI  Education International IAU  International Association of Universities IFTC  International Council for Film, Television and Audiovisual Communication ICOM  International Council of Museums ICSSPE  International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education ICA  International Council on Archives ICOMOS  International Council on Monuments and Sites IFJ  International Federation of Journalists IFLA  International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions IFPA  International Federation of Poetry Associations IMC  International Music Council IPA  International Police Association INSULA  International Scientific Council for Island Development ISC  International Science Council (formerly International Council for Science (ICSU) den International Social Science Council (ISSC) ITI  International Theatre Institute IUCN  International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources IUTAO  International Union of Technical Associations and Organizations UIA  Union of International Associations WAN  World Association of Newspapers WFEO  World Federation of Engineering Organizations WFUCA  World Federation of UNESCO Clubs, Centres and Associations
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Unesco-IHE.JPG|thumb|UNESCO Institute for Water Education insyde Delft

 Institutes den centres 

De institutes be specialized departments of de organization wey dey support UNESCO ein programme, wey dey provide specialized support give cluster den national offices.

 Abbr Name Location IBE International Bureau of Education Geneva UIL UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning Hamburg IIEP UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning Paris (headquarters) den Buenos Aires den Dakar (regional offices) IITE UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in Education Moscow IICBA UNESCO International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa Addis Ababa IESALC UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean Caracas MGIEP Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development New Delhi UNESCO-UNEVOC UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training Bonn ICWRGC International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change Koblenz IHE IHE-Delft Institute for Water Education Delft ICTP International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste UIS UNESCO Institute for Statistics Montreal
 Prizes 
UNESCO dey award 26 prizesUNESCO Executive Board Document 185 EX/38 Archived 2 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Paris, 10 September 2010 insyd education, natural sciences, social den human sciences, culture, communication den information as well as peace:

 Education 
 UNESCO/King Sejong Literacy Prize
 UNESCO/Confucius Prize for Literacy
 UNESCO-Japan Prize on Education for Sustainable Development
 UNESCO Prize for Girls' and Women's Education
 UNESCO/Hamdan Bin Rashid Al-Maktoum Prize for Outstanding Practice and Performance in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Teachers
 UNESCO King Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa Prize for the Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Education

 Natural Sciences 

 L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in SciencePeccia, Tiziano, Rasha Kelej, Ahmed Hamdy, and Ahmed Fahmi. "A reflection on Public-Private Partnerships’ contribution to the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals.", Scienza e Pace - Università di Pisa, 8.1 (2017): Research Papers.Hamdy, Ahmed, Mohammed Kyari, Marie Johnson, Ahmed Fahmi, and Tiziano Peccia. "Towards Women participation in Scientific Research in Africa." Published by African Union Scientific, Technical and Research Commission (AU-STRC).
 UNESCO/Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science
 UNESCO-Equatorial Guinea International Prize for Research in the Life Sciences
 Carlos J. Finlay Prize for Microbiology
 UNESCO/Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Preservation
 UNESCO-Russia Mendeleev International Prize in the Basic Sciences
 UNESCO-Al Fozan International Prize for the Promotion of Young Scientists in STEM
 Michel Batisse Award for Biosphere Reserve Management

 Social den Human Sciences 

 UNESCO Avicenna Prize for Ethics in Science
 UNESCO/Juan Bosch Prize for the Promotion of Social Science Research in Latin America and the Caribbean
 UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence
 UNESCO-Sharjah Prize for Arab Culture
 UNESCO/International José Martí Prize
 UNESCO-UNAM / Jaime Torres Bodet Prize in social sciences, humanities and arts

 Culture 

 Melina Mercouri International Prize for the Safeguarding and Management of Cultural Landscapes (UNESCO-Greece)

 Communication den Information 

 UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize
 UNESCO/Emir Jaber al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah Prize to promote Quality Education for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities
 UNESCO/Jikji Memory of the World Prize

 Peace 

 Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize

 Inactive prizes 

 International Simón Bolívar Prize (inactive since 2004)
 UNESCO Prize for Human Rights Education
 UNESCO/Obiang Nguema Mbasogo International Prize for Research in the Life Sciences (inactive since 2010)
 UNESCO Prize for the Promotion of the Arts

 International Days dem observe for UNESCO 

International Days dem observe for UNESCO dem provide insyd de table below:International Days | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Archived 10 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine. UNESCO. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
 Date Name 14 January World Logic Day24 JanuaryWorld Day for African and Afrodescendant Culture 24 January International Day of Education 25 January International Day of Women in Multilateralism 27 January International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust 11 February International Day of Women and Girls in Science 13 February World Radio Day 21 February International Mother Language Day4 MarchUNESCO World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development 8 March International Women's Day 14 March International Day of Mathematics 20 March International Francophonie Day 21 March International Day of Nowruz 21 March World Poetry Day 21 March International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 22 March World Water Day 5 April International Day of Conscience 6 April International Day of Sport for Development and Peace 15 April World Art Day 23 April World Book and Copyright Day 30 April International Jazz Day 3 May World Press Freedom Day 5 May African World Heritage Day 5 May World Portuguese Language Day 16 May International Day of Light 21 May World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development 22 May International Day for Biological Diversity 5 June World Environment Day 8 June World Oceans Day 17 June World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought7 JulyUN Swahili Language Day (Kiswahili Language Day) 18 July Nelson Mandela International Day26 JulyInternational Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem 9 August International Day of the World's Indigenous People 12 August International Youth Day 23 August International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition 8 September International Literacy Day9 SeptemberInternational Day to Protect Education from Attack 15 September International Day of Democracy20 September International Day for University Sport 21 September International Day of Peace 28 September International Day for the Universal Access to Information 5 October World Teachers' Day6 OctoberInternational Geodiversity Day 11 October International Day of the Girl Child 13 October International Day for Disaster Reduction 17 October International Day for the Eradication of Poverty 24 October United Nations Day 27 October World Day for Audiovisual Heritage 2 November International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists3 NovemberInternational Day for Biosphere ReservesFirst Thursday of NovemberInternational day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying 5 November World Day of Romani Language5 November World Tsunami Awareness Day 10 November World Science Day for Peace and Development14 NovemberInternational Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property Third Thursday of November World Philosophy Day 16 November International Day for Tolerance18 NovemberInternational International Day of Islamic Art 25 November International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women26 NovemberWorld Olive Tree Day 29 November International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People 1 December World AIDS Day2 DecemberWorld Futures Day 3 December International Day of Persons with Disabilities 10 December Human Rights Day 18 December International Migrants Day 18 December World Arabic Language Day

 Governing bodies 

 Director-General 
, na der be 11 Directors-General of UNESCO since ein inception - men den two women. Na de 11 Directors-General of UNESCO komot six regions within de organization: West Europe (5), Central America (1), North America (2), West Africa (1), East Asia (1), den East Europe (1).

To date, na der be no elected Director-General from de ten regions within UNESCO wey remain: Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central den North Asia, Middle East, North Africa, East Africa, Central Africa, South Africa, Australia-Oceania, den South America.

De list of de Directors-General of UNESCO since ein establishment insyd 1946 be as follows:UNESCO official site: Directors-General Archived 18 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine

+Directors-General of UNESCOOrderImageNameCountryTerm 1st 60px Julian Huxley UK  1946–1948 2nd 60px Jaime Torres Bodet   1948–1952 – 60px John Wilkinson Taylor   acting 1952–1953 3rd 60px Luther Evans   1953–1958 4th 60px Vittorino Veronese   1958–1961 5th 60px René Maheu France  acting 1961; 1961–1974 6th 60px Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow Senegal  1974–1987 7th 60px Federico Mayor Zaragoza Spain  1987–1999 8th 60px Koïchiro Matsuura Japan  1999–2009 9th 60px Irina Bokova Bulgaria  2009–2017 10th 60px Audrey Azoulay France  2017–Incumbent

 General Conference 

Dis be de list of de sessions of de UNESCO General Conference dem hold since 1946:UNESCO official site: Previous Sessions of the General Conference Archived 25 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine

 Session Location Year E be chaired by from 1st  Paris  1946  Léon Blum  France 2nd  Mexico City  1947  Manuel Gual Vidal  Mexico 3rd  Beirut  1948  Hamid Bey Frangie  Lebanon 1st extraordinary  Paris  1948   4th  Paris  1949  Edward Ronald Walker  Australia 5th  Florence  1950  Stefano Jacini   6th  Paris  1951  Howland H. Sargeant   7th  Paris  1952  Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan  
India 2nd extraordinary  Paris  1953   8th  Montevideo  1954  Justino Zavala Muniz  Uruguay 9th  New Delhi  1956  Abul Kalam Azad  India 10th  Paris  1958  Jean Berthoin  France 11th  Paris  1960  Akale-Work Abte-Wold  Ethiopia 12th  Paris  1962  Paulo de Berrêdo Carneiro  Brazil 13th  Paris  1964  Norair Sisakian  Soviet Union 14th  Paris  1966  Bedrettin Tuncel  Turkey 15th  Paris  1968  William Eteki Mboumoua  Cameroon 16th  Paris  1970  Atilio Dell'Oro Maini  Argentina 17th  Paris  1972  Toru Haguiwara  Japan 3rd extraordinary  Paris  1973   18th  Paris  1974  Magda Jóború  Hungary 19th  Nairobi  1976  Taaita Toweett  Kenya 20th  Paris  1978  Napoléon LeBlanc  Canada 21st  Belgrade  1980  Ivo Margan  Yugoslavia 4th extraordinary  Paris  1982   22nd  Paris  1983  Saïd Tell  Jordan 23rd  Sofia  1985  Nikolai Todorov  Bulgaria 24th  Paris  1987  Guillermo Putzeys Alvarez  Guatemala 25th  Paris  1989  Anwar Ibrahim  Malaysia 26th  Paris  1991  Bethwell Allan Ogot  Kenya 27th  Paris  1993  Ahmed Saleh Sayyad  Yemen 28th  Paris  1995  Torben Krogh  Denmark 29th  Paris  1997  Eduardo Portella  Brazil 30th  Paris  1999  Jaroslava Moserová   31st  Paris  2001  Ahmad Jalali  Iran 32nd  Paris  2003  Michael Omolewa  Nigeria 33rd  Paris  2005  Musa Bin Jaafar Bin Hassan  Oman 34th  Paris  2007  Georgios Anastassopoulos Greece 35th  Paris  2009  Davidson Hepburn  Bahamas 36th  Paris  2011  Katalin Bogyay  Hungary 37th  Paris  2013  Hao Ping   38th  Paris  2015  Stanley Mutumba Simataa  Namibia 39th  Paris  2017  Zohour Alaoui  Morocco 40th  Paris  2019 Ahmet Altay Cengizer  41stParis2021Santiago Irazabal Mourão Brazil 42ndParis2023Simona Miculescu Romania

 Offices den headquarters 

 Field offices by region 
Dem organize de following list of all UNESCO Field Offices geographically by UNESCO Region wey dey identify de members states den associate members of UNESCO wich be served by each office.

 Africa 

 Abidjan – National Office to Côte d'Ivoire
 Abuja – National Office to Nigeria
 Accra – Cluster Office for Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone den Togo
 Addis Ababa – Liaison Office plus de African Union den plus de Economic Commission for Africa
 Bamako – Cluster Office give Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali den Niger
 Brazzaville – National Office to de Republic of the Congo
 Bujumbura – National Office to Burundi
 Dakar – Regional Bureau for Education insyd Africa den Cluster Office give Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, den Senegal
 Dar es Salaam – Cluster Office give Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles den Tanzania
 Harare – Cluster Office give Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia den Zimbabwe
 Juba – National Office to South Sudan
 Kinshasa – National Office to de Democratic Republic of the Congo
 Libreville – Cluster Office gove de Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon den São Tomé and Príncipe
 Maputo – National Office to Mozambique
 Nairobi – Regional Bureau for Sciences insyd Africa den Cluster Office give Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan den Uganda
 Windhoek – National Office to Namibia
 Yaoundé – Cluster Office to Cameroon, Central African Republic den Chad

 Arab States 

 Amman – National Office to Jordan
 Beirut – Regional Bureau for Education insyd de Arab States den Cluster Office to Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Iraq den Palestine
 Cairo – Regional Bureau for Sciences insyd de Arab States den Cluster Office give Egypt den Sudan
 Doha – Cluster Office to Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates den Yemen
 Iraq – National Office for Iraq (currently dey locate insyd Amman, Jordan)
 Khartoum – National Office to Sudan
 Manama – Arab Regional Centre for World Heritage
 Rabat – Cluster Office to Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco den Tunisia
 Ramallah – National Office to the Palestinian Territories

 Asia den Pacific 

 Almaty – Cluster Office to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan den Uzbekistan
 Apia – Cluster Office to Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu den Tokelau (Associate Member)
 Bangkok – Regional Bureau for Education insyd Asia den de Pacific den Cluster Office to Thailand, Burma, Laos, Singapore den Vietnam
 Beijing – Cluster Office to North Korea, Japan, Mongolia, de People's Republic of China den South Korea
 Dhaka – National Office to Bangladesh
 Hanoi – National Office to Vietnam
 Islamabad – National Office to Pakistan
 Jakarta – Regional Bureau for Sciences insyd Asia den de Pacific den Cluster Office to de Philippines, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, den East Timor
 Manila – National Office to de Philippines
 Kabul – National Office to Afghanistan
 Kathmandu – National Office to Nepal
 New Delhi – Cluster Office to Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives den Sri Lanka
 Phnom Penh – National Office to Cambodia
 Tashkent – National Office to Uzbekistan
 Tehran – Cluster Office to Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan den Turkmenistan

 Europe den North America 

 Brussels – Liaison Office to de European Union den ein subsidiary bodies insyd Brussels
 Geneva – Liaison Office to the United Nations insyd Geneva
 New York City – Liaison Office to de United Nations insyd New York
 Venice – Regional Bureau for Sciences and Culture insyd Europe

 Latin America den de Caribbean 

 Brasília – National Office to Brazil
 Guatemala City – National Office to Guatemala
 Havana – Regional Bureau for Culture insyd Latin America den de Caribbean den Cluster Office to Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti den Aruba
 Kingston – Cluster Office to Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname den Trinidad and Tobago as well as de associate member states of British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Curaçao den Sint Maarten
 Lima – National Office to Peru
 Mexico City – National Office to Mexico
 Montevideo – Regional Bureau for Sciences insyd Latin America den de Caribbean den Cluster Office to Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay den Uruguay
 Port-au-Prince – National Office to Haiti
 Quito – Cluster Office to Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador den Venezuela
 San José – Cluster Office to Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua den Panama
 Santiago de Chile – Regional Bureau for Education insyd Latin America den de Caribbean den National Office to Chile

 Partner organizations 

 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
 Blue Shield International (BSI)
 International Council of Museums (ICOM)
 International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS)
 International Institute of Humanitarian Law (IIHL)

 Controversies 

 New World Information plus Communication Order 
UNESCO dey be de centre of controversy for de past, especially for de way e dey relate with United States, United Kingdom, Singapore and di old Soviet Union. During de 1970s den 1980s, UNESCO dey back 'New World Information and Communication Order' and dem MacBride report wey dey talk say make media dey democratize and people fit access information more equal, but people for dis countries no like am, dem go say na to hold freedom of press down. People dey see UNESCO as place wey communists plus Third World dictators fit use take attack de West, different from wetin USSR dey talk for late 1940s and early 1950s. For 1984, United States no gree contribute again and comot from the organization wey dem dey protest, UK follow for 1985. Singapore too comot end of 1985, because dem dey complain say membership fee dey too high. After government change for 1997, UK come back join. United States join again for 2003, Singapore too follow on 8 October 2007.

 China 
Dem dey bash UNESCO say China dey use am to show dem Communist Party version of history, plus to make people fit forget wetin minority tribes like Uyghurs plus Tibetans don contribute.

 Israel 
Israel join UNESCO for 1949, one year after dem start am. Since that time, Israel don dey maintain dem membership. For 2010, Israel mark Cave of de Patriarchs for Hebron plus Rachel's Tomb for Bethlehem – both for West Bank – as National Heritage Sites, plus dem announce say dem go start restoration work. Dis one cause criticism from Obama administration den protests from Palestinians. For October 2010, UNESCO people vote say make dem declare di places as "al-Haram al-Ibrahimi/Tomb of di Patriarchs" and "Bilal bin Rabah Mosque/Rachel's Tomb". Dem talk say dem na "part of di occupied Palestinian Territories" plus any move wey Israel go make by demself na against international law. UNESCO talk say di sites be important for pipo wey dey follow Muslim, Christian and Jewish traditions, plus dem wan blame Israel say dem dey focus only on di Jewish side of di sites. Israel come reply say UNESCO dey try separate di Nation of Israel from e heritage, and dem dey claim say dem dey do all dis for political reason. Di Rabbi wey dey oversee Western Wall talk say Rachel tomb no be holy Muslim site before o. Israel don suspend some of di ties with UNESCO small small. Di Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister Danny Ayalon talk say di resolution na part of di Palestinian wahala wey dey increase. Zevulun Orlev, wey dey lead the Knesset Education and Culture Committee, talk say di resolutions na try to spoil di mission of UNESCO as scientific plus cultural body wey dey promote cooperation throughout de world.

On 28 June 2011, UNESCO World Heritage Committee, na Jordan push am, dem vex say Israel wan destroy plus build new Mughrabi Gate Bridge for Jerusalem for safety matter. Israel talk say Jordan sign agreement wey talk say dem go dismantle de bridge for safety; but Jordan argue say dem sign am under U.S. pressure. Israel no fit talk to UNESCO committee because Egypt no agree.

For January 2014, small time before dem go open am, UNESCO Director-General, Irina Bokova, just waka come talk say dem go "postpone am forever" plus basically cancel show wey Simon Wiesenthal Centre create wey dem name "The People, The Book, The Land: The 3,500-year relationship between the Jewish people and the Land of Israel". Dem plan make the event happen from 21 January to 30 January for Paris. Bokova cancel de matter after Arab states wey dey for UNESCO come argue say de show go "spoil de peace process". De person wey put together di exhibition, professor Robert Wistrich from Hebrew University Vidal Sassoon International Centre wey dey study Anti-Semitism, talk say di cancellation na "appalling act", plus e call Bokova's decision "an arbitrary act of total cynicism and, true true, contempt for di Jewish people plus dia history". UNESCO change di decision wey go cancel di exhibit within di year, plus e quickly become popular plus people see am as big success.

For 1 January 2019, Israel officially leave UNESCO because US don comot dem due to wetin dem see as constant anti-Israel bias.

 Occupied Palestine Resolution 
For 13 October 2016, UNESCO come pass resolution wey talk say East Jerusalem matter dey hot. Dem dey vex say Israeli police plus soldiers dey do 'aggressions' plus 'illegal things' wey dey stop people to worship well well, especially Muslims wey dey go their holy places. Dem still recognize say Israel  de occupy power. Palestinian leaders don welcome de decision. Di text talk say di Old City of Jerusalem plus him walls dey important for di three monotheistic religions, but e just call di holy hilltop area for di Old City by di Muslim name "Al-Haram al-Sharif", wey be Arabic for Noble Sanctuary. Israel no gree the UNESCO resolution wey no talk about 'Temple Mount' or 'Har HaBayit', dem say e dey deny Jewish people connection to that important holy place. After dem receive wahala from plenty Israeli politicians and diplomats, wey fit include Benjamin Netanyahu and Ayelet Shaked, Israel don freeze all connection with di organization. Ban Ki-moon and di UNESCO boss, Irina Bokova, no gree dis resolution, dem talk say Judaism, Islam plus Christianity get clear historical ties to Jerusalem, plus to say anything wey go deny or hide any Jewish, Christian or Muslim tradition go spoil di essence of di place. Al-Aqsa Mosque wey dem fit call Al-Haram al-Sharif, na di place wey dem dey call Temple Mount, plus di Western Wall dey be di holiest area for Judaism. E still be say Czech Parliament no gree am, dem talk say di resolution dey show some hateful anti-Israel sentiments. Plus, hundreds of Italian Jews come demonstrate for Rome over di way Italy no carry hand join dem. For 26 October, UNESCO don approve de reviewed version of di resolution wey criticise Israel for demma continuous, say dem dey refuse make di body experts enter Jerusalem holy sites to check how e dey for conservation. Even though dem soft de language small after Israeli protest for di last version, Israel still dey continuo to denounce de text. Di resolution be about di place wey Jews and Christians dey call Temple Mount, or Har HaBayit for Hebrew, but dem only use im Arab name – dis one na big decision wey UNESCO executive board follow too, make Israel plus dem friends vex. U.S. Ambassador Crystal Nix Hines yarn say: "Dis matter suppose don fail. Dis kind politicized den one-sided resolutions dey spoil UNESCO credibility."

For October 2017, United States plus Israel talk say dem go pull out from di organization, dem dey talk anyhow say na anti-Israel bias dey insyde.

 Palestine 

 Palestinian youth magazine wahala 
For February 2011, dem publish one article for Palestinian youth magazine, wey one teenage girl talk say one of her four role models na Adolf Hitler. Then for December 2011, UNESCO wey give some money to the magazine, come talk say dem no fit support that kain material again den withdraw dem support.

 Islamic University of Gaza controversy 
For 2012, UNESCO talk say dem go set up chair for Islamic University of Gaza for astronomy, astrophysics, plus space science field, but e cause wahala plus people dey vex. Israel don bomb di school for 2008, say dem dey develop plus store weapon insyde, plus dem still use dat to criticize UNESCO move.The Goldstone Report: The Legacy of the Landmark Investigation of the Gaza Conflict  By Adam Horowitz, Lizzy Ratner and Philip Weiss (2011). Google Books.

De head, Kamalain Shaath, talk say UNESCO dey defend am, e say "the Islamic University na pure academic university wey just dey focus on education plus how to grow am". Israeli ambassador wey dey for UNESCO Nimrod Barkan wan drop letter wey go protest, he go talk about de university demma link to Hamas, e dey vex say na dis be di first Palestinian university wey UNESCO decide to chose to cooperate with. But e no bring any proof to show say dem get tie with Hamas. Di Jewish group B'nai B'rith self no gree, dem criticize di move too.

 Listing Nanjing Massacre documents 
For 2015, Japan dey threaten say dem go stop to give UNESCO money because dem include some documents wey concern de 1937 Nanjing massacre for di latest list for di 'Memory of de World' program. For October 2016, Japan Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida talk say dem don suspend Japan annual funding of ¥4.4 billion wey be 2016, but him deny say e get any direct link with Nanjing document wahala.

 US withdrawals 
Di United States comot from UNESCO for 1984, dem talk say di organization dey too political, e get wahala with di basic things wey make society free, especially free market plus free press. Dem still gree say di budget dey blow too much, plus poor management wey no de fit well under di Director-General Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow wey be from Senegal.

For 19 September 1989, US Congressman Jim Leach talk for congressional subcommittee say:

Leach talk say dem record show say dem dey bash Israel, call for new world info order, money matter, and arm control policy na wetin make dem pull out; e still talk say before e comot from UNESCO, dem don dey push am to comot from IAEA. On 1st October 2003, United States join back UNESCO.

For 12 October 2017, di United States tell UNESCO say dem go jam away from di organization again, by 31 December 2018; Israel join dem too. Di Department of State talk say di reason na 'dem dey owe plenty money for UNESCO, de need for fundamental reform insyde de organization, plus di anti-Israel wahala no dey stop for UNESCO'.

United States no pay over $600 million insyde dues since dem stop pay dem $80 million annual UNESCO dues when Palestine join full member for 2011. Israel plus USA dey among de 14 wey vote against de membership out of 194 member countries. When USA shout say dem go join back di body for 2023, dem promise say dem go pay all di money wey dem owe.

 Kurdish–Turkish wahala 
For 25 May 2016, Turkish poet plus human rights activist Zülfü Livaneli talk say e don resign as Turkey's only UNESCO goodwill ambassador. E point out say de human rights matter for Turkey plus de destruction wey de happen for historical Sur district of Diyarbakir, wey be de biggest city for Kurdish-majority southeast Turkey, as di main reasons wey make am resign. Livaneli talk say: 'If you go dey talk plenty about peace but you no go talk against wetin dey happen, na serious contradiction for UNESCO fundamental ideals.'"Turkish writer quits UNESCO to protest damage to heritage, rights abuse ". Reuters. 26 May 2016.

 campaigns make dem stop illegal art trading 
For 2020, UNESCO talk say illegal trade wey dey happen for cultural property dey worth 10 billion dollars every year. But that same year, Rand Organization come drop report wey talk say di real market no go pass some few hundred million dollars each year. One expert wey UNESCO call out wey talk di 10 billion figure come deny am, him say e no sabi where di figure come from. Art dealers dey vex well well for di UNESCO figure because e big reach 15% of di total world art market.Vincent Noice, "Unesco, stop citing 'bogus' $10bn figure, art trade pleads", The Art Newspaper, 12 November 2020  .

For November 2020, some part of UNESCO advertising campaign wey intend to highlight international trafficking for artefacts wey dem loot don withdraw after dem falsely presented  series of museum-held artworks wey get known provenances as recently looted objects dem de keep insyde private collections. Dem talk say one Buddha head wey been dey for Metropolitan Museum since 1930, dem loot am from Kabul Museum for 2001 den carry am sneak enter US art market. One funerary monument from Palmyra wey Met buy for 1901, dem just loot am from Palmyra Museum by Islamic State militants den carry am sneak enter European antiquities market. Plus, one mask from Ivory Coast wey show say e dey for United States since 1954, dem loot am during arm clashes wahala wey happen for 2010-2011. After Met complain, dem comot de adverts.Nancy Kenney, "Unesco under fire for using Met objects in anti-trafficking campaign", The Art Newspaper, 13 November 2020  

 Products den services 

 UNESDOC Database – Get plenty pass 146,000 UNESCO documents wey dem don publish since 1945.as well as metadata from de collections of de UNESCO Library plus documentation centres for field offices den institutes.

  Tools wey de processing Information 
UNESCO dey create, maintain, and share, free of charge, two dem software packages wey be connected for database management (CDS/ISIS [no be to confuse am with UK police software wey dem dey call ISIS]) and data mining/statistical analysis (IDAMS).

 CDS/ISIS – na general infomation storage plus retrieval system. Di Windows version fit run for one computer or local area network. Di JavaISIS client/server components go allow remote database management for Internet plus e dey available for Windows, Linux, and Macintosh. Plus, GenISIS go fit help users make HTML Web forms for CDS/ISIS database searching. Di ISIS_DLL dey provide API for developing CDS/ISIS based applications.
 OpenIDAMS be software wey fit handle and analyze number data, wey UNESCO dey develop, maintain and share. Di original package dey belong to dem, but UNESCO don start project to provide am as open source.
 IDIS – be tool wey fit allow direct data exchange between CDS/ISIS den IDAMS

 Check am too 

 Academic mobility network
 League of Nations archives
 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
 UNESCO Reclining Figure 1957–58, sculpture by Henry Moore
 UniRef
 International Charter of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport

 References 

 Read further 

 Finnemore, Martha. 1993. "International Organizations as Teachers of Norms: The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cutural [sic] Organization and Science Policy." International Organization Vol. 47, No. 4 (Autumn, 1993), pp. 565–597

 External links 

 Official website


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Category:Conservation den restoration organizations
Category:Heritage organizations
Category:International cultural organizations
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Category:Organizations based insyd Paris
Category:United Nations Development Group
Category:United Nations specialized agencies
Category:France den de United Nations
Category:1945 establishments insyd France
Category:Peace organizations