ECOWAS

De Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS; dem san know am as CEDEAO insyd French den Portuguese) ebe regional political den economic union for fifteen countries wey dey insyd West Africa. Collectively, dese countries dey comprise area of 5,114,162 km2 (1,974,589 sq mi) wey e get estimated population of ova 424.34 million."Members of the ECOWAS – Economic Community of West African States". Worlddata.info. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.

Dem dey consider am as ebe one of de pillar regional blocs for de continent-wide African Economic Community (AEC), dem state de goal of ECOWAS be say dem go achieve "collective self-sufficiency" for ein member states as dem dey create single large trade bloc by building a full economic den trading union. Additionally, ECOWAS dey aim make e raise living standards den promote economic development."Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)". United States Trade Representative. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023. Na dem establish de union for 28 May 1975, plus de signing of de Treaty of Lagos, plus ein mission dem state make e promote economic integration across de region. Na dem gree version dem revise of de treaty wey dem sign am for 24 July 1993 insyd Cotonou, de largest city for Benin insyd."Revised ECOWAS Treaty (1993) | International Investment Agreements Navigator | UNCTAD Investment Policy Hub". investmentpolicy.unctad.org. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.

ECOWAS ein fundamental principles dey rely for equity, inter-dependence, solidarity, co-operation, nonaggression, regional peace, promotion of human rights, den economic and social justice top.Limited, Daniel Inaju-Challydoff. "Fundamental Principles | Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)". Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.

Notably among ECOWAS ein protocols den plans be de ECOWAS Free Movement of Persons, Residences and Establishment Protocol den de Ecotour Action Plan 2019–2029. De Free Movement of Persons Protocol dey permit citizens de right make dem enter den reside for any member state ein territory insyd,Adepoju, A.; Boulton, A.; Levin, M. (September 2010). "Promoting Integration Through Mobility: Free Movement Under Ecowas". Refugee Survey Quarterly. 29 (3): 120–144. doi:10.1093/rsq/hdq032. den de Ecotour Action Plan dey aim make e develop den integrate de tourist industry of each member state."ECOWAS to promote regional development through tourism". Agence de Presse Africaine. 31 May 2019. ProQuest 2232643790.

De ECOWAS san dey serve as peacekeeping force insyd de region, plus member states wey occasionally dem dey send joint military forces go intervene de bloc ein member countries if dem dey political instability den unrest insyd.Adeyemi, Segun (6 August 2003). "West African Leaders Agree on Deployment to Liberia". Jane's Defence Weekly."The 5 previous West African military interventions". Yahoo News. AFP. 20 January 2017. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2017.

 Member states 
As of February 2017, ECOWAS get 15 member states; eight of dem be French-speaking, five be English-speaking, den two Portuguese-speaking. All current members dey join de community as ein founding members insyd May 1975, ebe only Cape Verde wey join insyd 1977.Pazzanita, Anthony (2008). Historical Dictionary of Mauritania. Scarecrow Press. pp. 177–178. ISBN 978-0-8108-6265-4.Odeyemi, Temitayo Isaac (2020), Oloruntoba, Samuel Ojo (ed.), "Regional Integration and the Political Economy of Morocco's Desire for Membership in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)", Pan Africanism, Regional Integration and Development in Africa, Springer International Publishing, pp. 97–123, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34296-8_6, ISBN 978-3-030-34295-1, S2CID 216250685

De only former member of ECOWAS be Arabic-speaking Mauritania, wey dem san be one of de founding members insyd 1975 den decide say ego withdraw insyd December 2000. Mauritania recently cam sign new associate-membership agreement insyd August 2017.Okanla, Karim (15 February 2019). "Like a magnet". D+C, Development and Cooperation. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2019.

Morocco officially request say ewan join ECOWAS insyd February 2017."Afrique". Diplomatie.ma. 24 February 2017. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Dema application be endorse in principle at de summit of heads of state insyd June 2017,"Togolese president Faure Gnassingbe takes the reins of the ECOWAS Authority of Heads of State and Government". 7 June 2017. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2017.Odeyemi, Temitayo Isaac (2020), Oloruntoba, Samuel Ojo (ed.), "Regional Integration and the Political Economy of Morocco's Desire for Membership in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)", Pan Africanism, Regional Integration and Development in Africa, Springer International Publishing, pp. 97–123, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34296-8_6, ISBN 978-3-030-34295-1, S2CID 216250685 buh Morocco ein bid for membership dem stall am.Imru AL Qays Talha Jebril (13 February 2020). "Morocco-ECOWAS: Good intentions are not enough". Moroccan Institute for Policy Analysis. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2020.

ECOWAS suspend Mali on 30 May 2021, as edey follow ein second military coup within nine months."ECOWAS suspends Mali over second coup in nine months". Al Jazeera. 31 May 2021. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021. Guinea too dem suspend am on 8 September 2021, shortly after military coup take place insyd de country.Samb, Saliou; Eboh, Camillus; Inveen, Cooper (9 September 2021). Heritage, Timothy; Orlofsky, Steve; Pullin, Richard (eds.). "West African leaders due in Guinea as post-coup calm pervades Conakry". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2021.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58487925 Sanctions wey dem place for both countries top for 16 September.Christian, Akorlie; Samb, Saliou; Felix, Bate; Inveen, Cooper; Prentice, Alessandra (17 September 2021). Cawthorne, Andrew; Choy, Marguerita; McCool, Grant (eds.). "West African bloc resorts to sanctions over Guinea and Mali coups". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021. For 10 January 2022, Mali cam announce ein decision say ego close ein borders den recall ein several ambassadors plus dem go give ECOWAS response sake of dema sanctions wey dem put for dema top sake of dem defer dema elections for four years. On 28 January 2022, Burkina Faso dem suspend am from ECOWAS secof military coup."West African regional bloc suspends Burkina Faso's membership over coup". France 24. 28 January 2022. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
+ECOWAS member statesCountryArea"Demographic Yearbook – Population by sex, annual rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. pp. 1–2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
(km2)Population"Population 2015" (PDF). World Bank. 16 December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
(thousands)GDP (nominal)
(millions USD)GDP (PPP)
(millions intl.$)CurrencyOfficial
languageStatusBenin114,76310,8808,29122,377CFA francFrench—Burkina Faso272,96718,10610,67830,708CFA francFrenchDem suspendCape Verde4,0335211,6033,413escudoPortuguese—The Gambia11,2951,9919393,344dalasiEnglish—Ghana238,53327,41037,543115,409cediEnglish—Guinea245,85712,6096,69915,244francFrenchDem suspendGuinea-Bissau36,1251,8441,0572,685CFA francPortuguese—Ivory Coast322,46322,70231,75979,766CFA francFrench—Liberia111,3694,5032,0533,762dollarEnglish—Mali1,240,19217,60012,74735,695CFA francBambaraDem suspendNiger1,267,00019,8997,14319,013CFA francFrenchDem suspendNigeria923,768211,400481,0661,093,921nairaEnglish—Senegal196,71215,12913,61036,625CFA francFrench—Sierra Leone72,3006,4534,21510,127leoneEnglish—Togo56,7857,3054,08810,667CFA francFrench—Total5,114,162338,052623,4911,482,756—
Statistics for dema population, nominal GDP den purchasing power parity GDP we list dem for de below down dare. We carry all dese from World Bank ein estimates for 2015, as dem publish insyd December 2016."Population 2015" (PDF). World Bank. 16 December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2017."Gross domestic product 2015" (PDF). World Bank. 16 December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017."Gross domestic product 2015, PPP" (PDF). World Bank. 16 December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017. Area data too dem take from a 2012 report as dem compile am by de United Nations Statistics Division."Demographic Yearbook – Population by sex, annual rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. pp. 1–2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2017.

 Structure 

 Executive secretaries den presidos of de commission 
Executive SecretaryCountryFor office insydInaugural holder Aboubakar Diaby OuattaraAjulo, Sunday Babalola (1989). "The Economic Community of West African States and International Law". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 27 (2): 233–250. doi:10.1017/S0022278X0000046X. ISSN 0022-278X. JSTOR 160849. S2CID 154306079.Ivory CoastJanuary 1977 – 1985Momodu MunuSierra Leone1985–1989Abass Bundu1989–1993Édouard BenjaminGuinea1993–1997Lansana KouyatéSeptember 1997 – 31 January 2002Mohamed Ibn ChambasGhana1 February 2002 – 31 December 2006Mohamed Ibn Chambas1 January 2007 – 18 February 2010James Victor Gbeho18 February 2010 – 1 March 2012Kadré Désiré OuedraogoBurkina Faso1 March 2012 – 4 June 2016Marcel Alain de SouzaBenin4 June 2016 – 1 March 2018Jean-Claude BrouIvory Coast1 March 2018 – 3 July 2022Omar TourayGambia3 July 2022 – Till date

 ChairpersonsHistory, Directorate of Communication, ECOWAS Commission, 2024, archived from the original on 14 January 2024, retrieved 30 January 2024 
ChairpersonCountryIn officeYakubu GowonNigeria28 May 1975 – 29 July 1975Gnassingbé EyadémaTogo29 July 1975 – 13 September 1977Olusegun ObasanjoNigeria13 September 1977 – 30 September 1979Léopold Sédar SenghorSenegal30 September 1979 – 31 December 1980Gnassingbé EyadémaTogo1980–1981Siaka StevensSierra Leone1981–1982Mathieu KérékouBenin1982–1983Ahmed Sékou TouréGuinea1983–1984Lansana Conté1984–1985Muhammadu BuhariNigeria1985 – 27 August 1985Ibrahim Babangida27 August 1985 – 1989Dawda JawaraGambia1989–1990Blaise CompaoréBurkina Faso1990–1991Dawda JawaraGambia1991–1992Abdou DioufSenegal1992–1993Nicéphore SogloBenin1993–1994Jerry RawlingsGhana1994 – 27 July 1996Sani AbachaNigeria27 July 1996 – 8 June 1998Abdulsalami Abubakar9 June 1998 – 1999Gnassingbé EyadémaTogo1999–1999Alpha Oumar KonaréMali1999 – 21 December 2001Abdoulaye WadeSenegal21 December 2001 – 31 January 2003John KufuorGhana31 January 2003 – 19 January 2005Mamadou TandjaNiger19 January 2005 – 19 January 2007Blaise CompaoréBurkina Faso19 January 2007 – 19 December 2008Umaru Musa Yar'AduaNigeria19 December 2008 – 18 February 2010Goodluck Jonathan18 February 2010 – 17 February 2012Alassane OuattaraIvory Coast17 February 2012 – 17 February 2013John MahamaGhana17 February 2013 – 19 May 2015Macky SallSenegal19 May 2015 – 4 June 2016Ellen Johnson SirleafLiberia4 June 2016 – 4 June 2017Faure GnassingbéTogo4 June 2017 – 31 July 2018Muhammadu BuhariNigeria31 July 2018 – 29 June 2019Mahamadou IssoufouNiger29 June 2019 – 2 June 2020Nana Akufo-AddoGhana2 June 2020 – 3 July 2022Umaro Sissoco EmbalóGuinea-Bissau3 July 2022 – 9 July 2023Bola TinubuNigeria9 July 2023 – Till date

 Community Parliament 
De Community Parliament dey consist of 115 members, dem distribute based on de population of each member state."About Us – ECOWAS Parliament". ecowasparliament. 17 September 2016. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2024. De Speaker of de Parliament dey head dis body, wey be above de Secretary General.
CountryParliament SeatsBenin5Burkina Faso6Cape Verde5Gambia5Ghana8Guinea6Guinea-Bissau5Ivory Coast7Liberia5Mali6Niger6Nigeria35Senegal6Sierra Leone5Togo5

 References 

Category:Economic Community of West African States
Category:Organizations dem establish insyd 1975
Category:African Union
Category:International economic organizations
Category:International organizations base insyd Africa
Category:Regional Economic Communities of de African Union
Category:Trade blocs
Category:Organizations base insyd Abuja
Category:United Nations General Assembly observers
Category:Supranational unions
Category:Customs unions
Category:1975 establishments insyd Africa