Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) na he be an American Baptist minister, civil rights activist den political philosopher wey na he be one of de most prominent leaders of de civil rights movement from 1955 until ein assassination insyd 1968. Na he advance civil rights give people of color insyd de United States thru de use of nonviolent resistance den nonviolent civil disobedience against Jim Crow laws den oda forms of legalized discrimination.

A Black church leader, na King participate insyd den lead marches for de right to vote, desegregation, labor rights, den oda civil rights.Jackson 2006, p. 53. Na he oversee de 1955 Montgomery bus boycott wey he later cam turn de first presido of de Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). As presido of de SCLC, he lead de unsuccessful Albany Movement insyd Albany, Georgia, wey he help organize sam of de nonviolent 1963 protests insyd Birmingham, Alabama. Na King be one of de leaders of de 1963 March on Washington, wer na he deliver ein "I Have a Dream" speech for de steps of de Lincoln Memorial, wey he help organize two of de three Selma to Montgomery marches during de 1965 Selma voting rights movement. Na de civil rights movement achieve pivotal legislative gains insyd de Civil Rights Act of 1964, de Voting Rights Act of 1965, den de Fair Housing Act of 1968. Na der be chaw dramatic standoffs plus segregationist authorities, wey na dem often respond violently.Glisson 2006, p. 190.

Na dem jail King chaw times. Na Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) director J. Edgar Hoover consider King a radical wey he make am an object of de FBI ein COINTELPRO from 1963 dey go. FBI agents investigate am for possible communist ties, dem spy on ein personal life, wey na dem secretly record am. Insyd 1964, na de FBI mail King a threatening anonymous letter, wich na he interprete as an attempt make dem make am commit suicide. On October 14, 1964, na King win de Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality thru nonviolent resistance. Insyd ein final years, na he expand ein focus make he include opposition towards poverty den de Vietnam War.

Insyd 1968, na King dey plan a national occupation of Washington, D.C., make dem call am de Poor People's Campaign, wen na dem assassinate am on April 4 insyd Memphis, Tennessee. James Earl Ray, a fugitive wey komot de Missouri State Penitentiary, na dem convict am of de assassination, though de King family dey believe na he be a scapegoat. After a 1999 wrongful death lawsuit ruling name unspecified "government agencies" among de co-conspirators, na a Department of Justice investigation find no evidence of a conspiracy. De assassination remain de subject of conspiracy theories. Na King ein death be followed by national mourning, as well as anger wey lead to riots insyd chaw U.S. cities. Na dem posthumously award King de Presidential Medal of Freedom insyd 1977 den de Congressional Gold Medal insyd 2003. Na dem establish Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a holiday insyd cities den states thru out de United States wey begin insyd 1971; na dem first observe de federal holiday insyd 1986. De Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for de National Mall insyd Washington, D.C., na dem dedicate am insyd 2011.

 Early life den education 

 Birth 
Na dem born Michael King Jr. on January 15, 1929, insyd Atlanta; na he be de second of three kiddies born to Michael King Sr. den Alberta King (née Williams). Na Alberta ein poppie, Adam Daniel Williams, be a minister insyd rural Georgia, wey he move to Atlanta insyd 1893, wey he cam turn pastor of de Ebenezer Baptist Church insyd de year wey dey follow.Oates 1983, p. 6. Na Williams marry Jennie Celeste Parks. Na Michael Sr. be born to sharecroppers James Albert den Delia King of Stockbridge, Georgia; na he be of Irish den likely Mende (Sierra Leone) descent. As an adolescent, na Michael Sr. lef ein parents dema farm wey he walk to Atlanta, wer na he attain a high school education,Frady 2002, p. 11.Manheimer 2004, p. 10.Fleming 2008, p. 2. wey na he enrol insyd Morehouse College make he study for entry to de ministry. Na Michael Sr. den Alberta begin dey date insyd 1920, wey na dem marry on November 25, 1926.Frady 2002, p. 12.Oates 1983, p. 7. Til Jennie ein death insyd 1941, na dema home dey on de second floor of Alberta ein parents dema Victorian house, wer na dem born King.Oates 1983, p. 4.Oates 1983, p. 13. Na Michael Jr. get an older sisto, Christine King Farris, den a younger bro, Alfred Daniel "A. D." King.King 1992, p. 76.

 Awards den recognition 

 Honorary doctorates 
Na King receive chaw honorary doctorates.
 1957: Doctor of Humane Letters, Morehouse College; Doctor of Laws, Howard University; Doctor of Divinity, Chicago Theological Seminary
 1958: Doctor of Laws, Morgan State College; Doctor of Humanities, Central State College
 1959: Doctor of Divinity, Boston University
 1961: Doctor of Laws, Lincoln University; Doctor of Laws, University of Bridgeport
 1962: Doctor of Civil Laws, Bard College
 1963: Doctor of Letters, Keuka College
 1964: Doctor of Divinity, Wesleyan College; Doctor of Laws, Jewish Theological Seminary; Doctor of Laws, Yale University; Doctor of Divinity, Springfield College
 1965: Doctor of Laws, Hofstra University; Doctor of Humane Letters, Oberlin College; Doctor of Social Science, Amsterdam Free University; Doctor of Divinity, St. Peter's College
 1967: Doctor of Civil Law, University of Newcastle upon Tyne; Doctor of Laws, Grinnell College
 Works 
 Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story (1958) 
 The Measure of a Man (1959) 
 Strength to Love (1963) 
 Why We Can't Wait (1964) 
 Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? (1967) 
 The Trumpet of Conscience (1968) 
 A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King Jr. (1986) 
 The Autobiography of Martin Luther King Jr. (1998), ed. Clayborne Carson 
 "All Labor Has Dignity" (2011) ed. Michael Honey 
 "Thou, Dear God": Prayers That Open Hearts and Spirits. Collection of King's prayers. (2011), ed. Lewis Baldwin 
 MLK: A Celebration in Word and Image (2011). Photographed by Bob Adelman, introduced by Charles Johnson 
 Discography 

 Albums 
+Charted albums by Martin Luther King Jr.TitleYearPeak US Billboard 200The Great March to Freedom1963141The March on Washington102Freedom March on Washington119I Have a Dream196869The American Dream173In Search of Freedom150In the Struggle for Freedom and Human Dignity154

 Singles 
+Charted singles by Martin Luther King Jr.TitleYearPeakAlbum US Billboard Hot 100"I Have a Dream"196888I Have a Dream (1968)
 References 
 Citations 

 Sources 









 Garrow, David. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (1989). Pulitzer Prize. 
 "James L. Bevel, The Strategist of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement", a 1984 paper by Randall Kryn, published with a 1988 addendum by Kryn in Prof. David Garrow's We Shall Overcome, Volume II (Carlson Publishing Company, 1989).
















Category:Articles wey dey contain video clips

 External links 

 The King Center Archived January 30, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
 Martin Luther King Jr. Collection at Morehouse College Archived August 24, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
 The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute Archived October 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Stanford University
 Martin Luther King, Jr. Collected Papers Archived January 30, 2023, at the Wayback Machine held by the Swarthmore College Peace Collection Archived September 4, 2020, at the Wayback Machine

 Works by or about Martin Luther King Jr. at the Internet Archive
 Martin Luther King Jr. on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1964 The quest for peace and justice
 Martin Luther King Jr.'s Nobel Peace Prize Archived March 29, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, Civil Rights Digital Library
 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. at Buffalo Archived June 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, digital collection of King's visit and speech in Buffalo, New York on November 9, 1967, from the University at Buffalo Libraries
 BBC Face to Face interview Archived February 24, 2020, at the Wayback Machine with Martin Luther King and John Freeman, broadcast October 29, 1961.
 FBI file on Martin Luther King Jr.: Part 1 Archived January 16, 2023, at the Wayback Machine and Part 2 Archived January 30, 2023, at the Wayback Machine


Category:1929 births
Category:1968 deaths
Category:Human
Category:20th-century American male writers
Category:20th-century Baptist ministers wey komot de United States
Category:People dem murder insyd 1968
Category:African-American activists
Category:Activists for African-American civil rights
Category:Activists wey komot Atlanta
Category:Activists wey komot Montgomery, Alabama
Category:African-American Baptist ministers
Category:African-American non-fiction writers
Category:African-American theologians
Category:Alabama socialists
Category:American anti-capitalists
Category:American anti-communists
Category:American anti-racism activists
Category:American anti–Vietnam War activists
Category:American Christian pacifists
Category:American Christian socialists
Category:American Christian Zionists
Category:American clergy of Irish descent
Category:American democratic socialists
Category:American human rights activists
Category:20th-century American letter writers
Category:American male non-fiction writers
Category:American members of de clergy dem convict of crimes
Category:American Nobel laureates
Category:American prisoners den detainees
Category:American saints
Category:American social democrats
Category:Anglican saints
Category:American civil rights activists dem assassinate
Category:Religious leaders dem assassinate
Category:Baptist writers
Category:Baptists wey komot Alabama
Category:Baptists wey komot Georgia (U.S. state)
Category:Baptist socialists
Category:Birmingham campaign
Category:Boston University School of Theology alumni
Category:Chicago Freedom Movement
Category:Clergy wey komot Atlanta
Category:COINTELPRO targets
Category:Congressional Gold Medal recipients
Category:Crozer Theological Seminary alumni
Category:Deaths by firearm insyd Tennessee
Category:Fellows of de American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Category:Gandhians
Category:Grammy Award winners
Category:Liberalism insyd de United States
Martin Luther Jr.
Category:Montgomery bus boycott
Category:Morehouse College alumni
Category:African-American people dem murder
Category:Activists for Native American rights
Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates
Category:American nonviolence advocates
Category:People wey komot Atlanta
Category:People dem involve plus de civil rights movement
Category:People dem murder insyd Tennessee
Category:Political prisoners insyd de United States
Category:Poor People's Campaign
Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Category:Prisoners den detainees of Alabama
Category:Prisoners den detainees of Florida
Category:Prisoners den detainees of Georgia (U.S. state)
Category:Selma to Montgomery marches
Category:Stabbing attacks insyd de United States
Category:Stabbing survivors
Category:Suffragists wey komot Georgia (U.S. state)
Category:Time Person of the Year
Category:Venerated African-American Christians
Category:World Constitutional Convention call signatories
Category:Writers wey komot Georgia (U.S. state)
Category:Writers wey komot Montgomery, Alabama
Category:Lyndon B. Johnson administration controversies
Category:Critics of Marxism