Acute radiation syndrome

Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), dem sanso know as radiation sickness anaa radiation poisoning, be a collection of health effects wey be caused by being exposed to high amounts of ionizing radiation insyd a short period of time. Symptoms fi start within an hour of exposure, den fi last for several months. Early symptoms usually be nausea, vomiting den loss of appetite. Insyd de hours anaa weeks wey dey follow, initial symptoms fi appear to improve, before de development of additional symptoms, after wich either recovery anaa death go follow.

ARS dey involve a total dose of greater dan 0.7 Gy (70 rad), wey generally dey occur from a source outsyd de body, deliver within a few minutes. Sources of such radiation fi occur accidentally anaa intentionally. Dem fi involve nuclear reactors, cyclotrons, certain devices dem use insyd cancer therapy, nuclear weapons, anaa radiological weapons. Dem generally divide am into three types: bone marrow, gastrointestinal, den neurovascular syndrome, plus bone marrow syndrome wey dey occur at 0.7 to 10 Gy, den neurovascular syndrome wey dey occur at doses wey exceed 50 Gy. De cells wey be most affected generally be those wey be rapidly dividing. At high doses, dis dey cause DNA damage wey be irreparable. Diagnosis dey base on a history of exposure den symptoms. Repeated complete blood counts (CBCs) fi indicate de severity of exposure.

Treatment of ARS generally be supportive care. Dis fi include blood transfusions, antibiotics, colony-stimulating factors, anaa stem cell transplant. Radioactive material wey remain on de skin anaa insyd de stomach for be removed. If na dem inhale anaa ingest radioiodine, potassium iodide be recommended. Complications such as leukemia den oda cancers among those wey survive be managed as usual. Short-term outcomes dey depend on de dose exposure.

ARS be generally rare. A single event fi affect a large number of people. De vast majority of cases wey dey involve ARS, alongside blast effects, na e be inflicted by de atomic bombings of Hiroshima den Nagasaki, plus post-attack deaths insyd de tens of thousands. Nuclear den radiation accidents den incidents sam times dey cause ARS; de worst, na de Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster, cause 134 cases den 28 deaths. ARS dey differ from chronic radiation syndrome, wich dey occur following prolonged exposures to relatively low doses of radiation, den from radiation-induced cancer.

 References 

 External links 



  – A well documented account of the biological effects of a criticality accident.

 More information on bone marrow shielding can be found in the Health Physics Radiation Safety Journal article: , or in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)'s 2015 report: "Occupational Radiation Protection in Severe Accident Management"

Category:Radioactive contamination
Category:Radiology
Category:Radiobiology
Category:Radiation health effects
Category:Medical emergencies
Category:Causes of death
Category:Effects of external causes
Category:Syndromes wey dey affect blood
Category:Occupational hazards
Category:Translated from MDWiki