Refugee camp

A refugee camp be a temporary settlement dem build make dem receive refugees den people insyd refugee-like situations. Refugee camps usually dey accommodate displaced people wey dem flee dema home country, buh dem sanso dey make camps give internally displaced people. Usually, refugees dey seek asylum after na dem escape war insyd dema home countries, buh sam camps sanso dey house environmental den economic migrants. Camps plus over a hundred thousand people be common, buh as of 2012, de average-sized camp house around 11,400. Dem be usually built den run by a government, de United Nations, international organizations (such as de International Committee of the Red Cross), anaa non-governmental organization. Unofficial refugee camps, such as Idomeni insyd Greece anaa de Calais jungle insyd France, be wer na refugees be largely left widout de support of governments anaa international organizations.

Refugee camps generally dey develop insyd an impromptu fashion plus de aim of meeting basic human needs for a short time per. Facilities wey dey make a camp look anaa feel more permanent often be prohibited by host country governments. If na dem prevent de return of refugees (often by civil war), a humanitarian crisis fi result anaa continue.

According to UNHCR, chaw refugees worldwide no dey live insyd refugee camps. At de end of 2015, sam 67% of refugees around de world live insyd individual, private accommodations. Dis fi be partly explained by de high number of Syrian refugees wey dey rent apartments insyd urban agglomerations across de Middle East. Worldwide, na dem report slightly over a quarter (25.4%) of refugees dem dey live insyd managed camps. At de end of 2015, about 56% of de total refugee population insyd rural locations reside insyd a managed camp, compared to de 2% wey reside insyd individual accommodation. Insyd urban locations, de overwhelming majority (99%) of refugees live insyd individual accommodations, dem compare plus less dan 1% wey live insyd a managed camp. A small percentage of refugees sanso dey live insyd collective centres, transit camps, den self-settled camps.

Despite 74% of refugees dey insyd urban areas, de service delivery model of international humanitarian aid agencies remain focused on de establishment den operation of refugee camps.

 Facilities 
De average camp size wey UNHCR recommend for be  per person of de accessible camp area. Within dis area, dem usually dey find de following facilities:

 An administrative headquarters make e coordinate services fi be insyd anaa outsyd de actual camp.
 Sleeping accommodations frequently be tents, prefabricated huts, anaa dwellings dem construct of locally available materials. UNHCR  dey recommend a minimum of 3.5 m2 of covered living area per person. Shelters for be at least 2 m apart.
 Gardens dem attach to de family plot: UNHCR dey recommend a plot size of 15 m2 per person.
 Hygiene facilities, such as washing areas, latrines, anaa toilets: UNHCR dey recommend one shower per 50 persons den one communal latrine per 20 persons. Distance for de latter for be no more dan 50 meters from de shelter den no be closer dan 6 m. Dem for separate hygiene facilities by gender.
 Places for water collection: Either water tanks wer water be off-loaded from trucks (then filtered den potentially treated plus disinfectant chemicals such as chlorine), anaa water tap stands wey be connected to boreholes dem dey need. UNHCR dey recommend 20  L of water per person den one tap stand per 80 persons wey for no be farther dan 200 m away from households.
 Clinics, hospitals den immunization centres: UNHCR dey recommend one health centre per 20,000 persons den one referral hospital per 200,000 persons.
 Food distribution den therapeutic feeding centres: UNHCR dey recommend one food distribution centre per 5,000 persons den one feeding centre per 20,000 persons.
 Communication equipment (e.g. radio): Sam long-standing camps get dema own radio stations.
 Security, wey dey include protection from banditry (e.g. barriers den security checkpoints) den peacekeeping troops make dem prevent armed violence: Police stations fi be outsyd de actual camp.
 Schools den training centres: UNHCR dey recommend one school per 5,000 persons.


 Markets den shops: UNHCR dey recommend one marketplace per 20,000 persons.

Schools den markets fi be prohibited by de host country ein government make e discourage refugees from settling permanently insyd camps. Chaw refugee camps sanso get:

 Cemeteries anaa crematoria
 Locations for solid waste disposal: Dem for provide one 100 L rubbish container per 50 persons den one refuses pit per 500 persons.
 Reception anaa transit centre wer refugees initially arrive den register before dem be allowed into de camp: Reception centres fi be outsyd de camps den closer to de border of de country wer refugees enter.
 Churches anaa oda religious centres anaa places of worship

To understand den monitor an emergency over a period of time, de development den organisation of de camps fi be tracked by satellite, den analyzed by GIS.

Food rations
De World Food Programme (WFP) dey provide food rations twice a month: 2,100 calories/person/day. Ideally, e for be:
  whole grain (maize anaa sorghum)
  milled grain (wheat flour)
 1.5 tablespoons vegetable oil
 1 teaspoon salt
 3 tablespoons pulses (beans anaa lentils)
Diet be insensitive to cultural differences den household needs. WFP be frequently unable make e provide all of dese staples, thus dem dey distribute calories thru whatever commodity be available, e.g. maize flour per. Up to 90% of de refugees sell part anaa chaw of dema chow ration make dem get cash. Loss of de ration card dey mean no entitlement to food. Insyd 2015, na de WFP introduce electronic vouchers.
Refugee camps by country den population
 Populations of concern to UNHCR insyd refugee camps between 2006 den 2014 Country Camp 2006 2007  2008  2009  2010  2011  2012  2013  2014  Chad  Am Nabak  16,504  16,701  16,696  17,402  18,087  20,395  23,611  24,513  25,553  Chad  Amboko  12,062  12,002  12,057  11,671  11,111  11,627  11,297  10,719  11,819  Kenya  Dagahaley, Dadaab 39,526  39,626  65,581  93,179  93,470  122,214  121,127  104,565  88,486  Chad  Djabal  15,162  15,602  17,153  15,693  17,200  18,083  18,890  19,635  20,809  Yemen  Al Kharaz  9,298  9,491  11,394  16,466  14,100  16,904  19,047  16,816  16,500  Chad  Breidjing  28,932  30,077  32,669  32,559  34,465  35,938  37,494  39,797  41,146  Malawi  Dzaleka  4,950  8,690  9,425  10,275  12,819  16,853  16,664  16,935  5,874  Chad  Farchana  18,947  19,815  21,183  20,915  21,983  23,323  24,419  26,292  27,548  Kenya  Hagadera, Dadaab 59,185  70,412  90,403  83,518  101,506  137,528  139,483  114,729  106,968  Sudan  Girba  8,996  9,081  5,120  5,645  5,592  5,570  6,252  6,295  6,306  Chad  Gondje  12,624  12,664  12,700  11,184  9,586  10,006  11,717  11,349  12,138  Kenya  Ifo, Dadaab 54,157  61,832  79,469  79,424  97,610  118,972  98,294  99,761  83,750  Chad  Iridimi  17,380  18,269  19,531  18,154  18,859  21,329  21,083  21,976  22,908  Kenya  Kakuma 90,457  62,497  53,068  64,791  69,822  85,862  107,205  128,540  153,959  Sudan  Kilo 26  11,423  12,690  7,133  7,610  7,608  7,634  8,310  8,303  8,391  Chad  Kounoungou  13,315  13,500  18,514  16,237  16,927  18,251  19,143  20,876  21,960  Bangladesh Kutapalong  10,144  10,708  11,047  11,251  11,469  11,706  12,404  12,626  13,176  Thailand  Mae La  46,148  38,130  32,862  30,073  29,188  27,629  26,690  25,156  46,978  Thailand  Mae La Oon  14,366  13,450  13,478  13,811  11,991  10,204  9,611  8,675  12,245  Thailand  Mae Ra Ma Luang  12,840  11,578  11,304  13,571  11,749  10,269  9,414  8,421  13,825  Chad  Mile  15,557  16,202  17,476  14,221  17,382  18,853  19,823  20,818  21,723  Bangladesh  Nayapara  16,010  16,679  17,076  17,091  17,547  17,729  18,066  18,288  19,179  Thailand  Nu Po  13,131  13,377  11,113  9,800  9,262  15,982  15,715  7,927  13,372  Tanzania  Nyarugusu  52,713  50,841  49,628  62,184  62,726  63,551  68,132  68,888  57,267  Chad  Oure Cassoni  26,786  28,035  28,430  31,189  32,206  36,168  33,267  35,415  36,466  Ethiopia  Shimelba  13,043  16,057  10,648  10,135  9,187  8,295  6,033  5,885  6,106  India  Tamil Nadu  69,609 72,934  73,286  72,883  69,998  68,152  67,165  65,674  65,057  Chad  Touloum  22,358  23,131  24,935  26,532  24,500  27,588  27,940  28,501  29,683  Chad  Treguine  14,921  15,718  17,260  17,000  17,820  19,099  19,957  20,990  21,801  Sudan  Um Gargur  9,845  10,104  8,180  8,715  8,641  8,550  8,947  10,172  10,269  Thailand  Um Pium  19,464  19,397  14,051  12,494  11,742  11,017  10,581  9,816  16,109  Sudan  Wad Sherife  33,371  36,429  13,636  15,626  15,819  15,481  15,472  15,318  15,357  Ethiopia  Fugnido  27,175  18,726  –  20,202  21,770  22,692  34,247  42,044  53,218  Chad  Gaga  12,402  17,708  20,677  19,043  19,888  21,474  22,266  23,236  24,591  Pakistan  Gamkol  –  37,462  33,499  33,033  35,169  32,830  31,701  31,326  30,241  Pakistan  Gandaf  –  13,609  12,659  12,497  12,731  13,346  12,632  12,508  12,068  South Sudan  Gendressa  –  –  –  –  –  –  14,758  17,289  17,975  Rwanda  Gihembe  17,732  18,081  19,027  19,407  19,853  19,827  14,006  –  14,735  Liberia  Bahn  –  –  –  –  –  5,021  8,851  8,412  5,257  Ethiopia  Bambasi  –  –  –  –  –  –  12,199  13,354  14,279  Pakistan  Barakai  –  30,266  28,851  28,597  32,077  28,093  26,739  25,909  24,786  Ethiopia  Tongo  –  –  –  –  –  9,605  9,518  10,399  11,075  Chad  Yaroungou  15,260  13,352  16,573  11,925  10,544  10,916  11,594  –  –  South Sudan  Yusuf Batil  –  –  –  –  –  –  36,754  39,033  40,240  Jordan  Zaatari  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  145,209  84,773  Pakistan  Thall  –  17,266  15,602  15,269  15,419  13,468  12,976  12,847  12,247  Thailand  Tham Hin  7,767  6,007  5,078  –  4,282  7,150  7,242  –  7,406  Nepal  Timai  10,413  10,421  9,935  8,553  7,058  –  –  –  –  Pakistan  Timer  –  13,919  12,080  11,839  11,764  11,161  8,665  8,603  8,690  Algeria  Tindouf  90,000  90,000  90,000  90,000  90,000  90,000  90,000  90,000  90,000  Pakistan  Old Akora  –  41,647  37,757  37,019  42,872  37,736  36,693  36,384  34,789  Pakistan  Old Shamshatoo  –  66,556  58,773  58,804  61,205  54,502  53,573  52,835  48,268  Namibia  Osire  6,486  7,730  8,122  8,506  –  –  –  –  –  Uganda  Pader  –  –  196,000  90,000  38,550  6,677  –  –  –  Pakistan  Padhana  –  10,564  10,403  10,380  11,393  10,075  9,892  9,775  9,362  Pakistan  Panian  –  65,033  62,293  61,822  67,332  58,819  56,820  56,295  53,816  Pakistan  Pir Alizai  –  16,563  14,710  13,802  15,157  10,243  9,771  9,204  7,681  Nepal  Sanischare  21,285  21,386  20,128  16,745  13,649  10,173  9,212  6,599  –  Pakistan  Saranan  –  24,625  24,272  24,119  26,786  21,927  21,218  20,744  18,248  Sudan  Shagarab  21,999  22,706  14,990  16,562  24,104  27,809  37,428  34,147  34,039  Ethiopia  Sheder  –  –  6,567  7,964  10,458  11,326  11,882  11,248  12,263  Ethiopia  Sherkole  13,958  8,989  –  –  –  8,962  7,527  9,737  10,171  Pakistan  Surkhab  –  12,225  11,877  11,789  12,304  7,422  7,214  7,012  5,764  Burkina Faso  Mentao  –  –  –  –  –  –  6,905  11,907  10,953  Tanzania  Mtabila  –  90,680  45,247  36,009  36,789  37,554  –  –  –  Pakistan  Munda  –  13,274  11,386  11,225  12,728  10,341  10,100  9,941  9,388  Burundi  Musasa  –  6,764  5,984  6,572  6,153  6,330  6,500  6,829  7,001  Zambia  Mwange  21,179  17,911  14,429  5,820  –  –  –  –  –  Uganda  Nakivale 25,692  33,176  42,113  52,249  –  –  64,373  –  66,691  Pakistan  New Durrani  –  –  –  –  10,458  14,397  12,438  14,978  –  Pakistan  Oblan  –  11,564  9,624  9,560  10,065  9,474  9,331  9,294  9,015  Liberia  PTP  –  –  –  –  –  –  9,353  12,734  15,300  Uganda  Rhino Camp 18,493  14,328  5,582  –  –  –  4,266  –  18,762  Uganda  Rwamwanja –  –  –  –  –  –  29,797  –  52,489  Liberia  Little Wlebbo  –  –  –  –  –  –  8,399  10,009  8,481  Tanzania  Lugufu  75,254  45,308  28,995  –  –  –  –  –  –  Tanzania  Lukole  39,685  25,490  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  Thailand  Mai Nai Soi  –  19,103  19,311  –  12,252  12,244  11,730  9,725  12,414  Ethiopia  Mai Ayni  –  –  –  15,762  12,255  14,432  15,715  18,207  17,808  Iraq  Makhmour  11,900  10,728  10,912  –  11,101  10,240  10,552  10,534  –  Mozambique  Maratane  5,019  –  –  –  6,646  9,576  7,398  7,707  –  Uganda  Masindi  –   –  55,000  55,000  20,000  6,500  –  –  –  Zambia  Mayukwayukwa  10,636  10,660  10,474  10,184  –  –  10,117  11,366  –  Mauritania  M'bera  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  66,392  48,910  Zambia  Meheba  13,732  13,892  15,763  14,970  –  –  17,708  17,806  8,410  Ethiopia  Melkadida  –  –  –  –  25,491  40,696  42,365  43,480  44,645  Chad  Abgadam  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  21,914  21,571  Ethiopia  Adi Harush  –  –  –  –  6,923  15,982  23,562  25,801  34,090  Uganda  Adjumani  54,051  52,784  21,714  28,000  7,365  –  9,279  11,986  96,926  South Sudan  Ajuong Thok  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  6,691  15,015  Djibouti  Ali Adde  6,739  6,376  8,924  –  14,333  19,500  17,354  17,523  18,208  Uganda  Amuru  –  –  234,000  98,000  35,475  6,779  –  –  –  Ethiopia  Awbarre / Teferiber  –  8,581  11,045  12,293  13,120  13,426  13,331  13,752  12,965  Pakistan  Azakhel  – 25,649  24,258  23,963  26,342  21,398  21,231  21,132  20,191  Jordan  Azraq  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  11,315  Pakistan  Badaber  –  36,614  30,327  30,107  31,345  28,729  26,227  25,589  23,918  Nepal  Beldangi 1 & 2  52,997  52,967  50,350  42,122  36,761  33,855  31,976  24,377  18,379  Chad  Belome  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  23,949  26,521  Ethiopia  Bokolmanyo  –  –  –  21,707  14,988  38,501  40,423  41,670  41,665  Ghana  Buduburam  36,159  26,179  14,992  11,334  –  –  –  –  –  Ethiopia  Buramino  –  –  –  –  –  –  35,207  40,114  39,471  Burundi  Bwagiriza        2,896  4,526  6,159  10,105  9,289  9,480  Niger  Abala  –  –  –  –  –  –  11,126  12,216  12,938  Pakistan  Chakdara  –  17,420  16,427  16,069  18,752  13,354  11,242  11,184  10,704  Kenya  Ifo 2, Dadaab –  –  –  –  –  64,945  69,269  65,693  52,310  Kenya  Kambioos, Dadaab –  –  –  –  –  10,833  18,126  20,435  21,035  Chad  Dogdore  –  –  –  –  19,500  19,500  19,500  –  –  South Sudan  Doro  –  –  –  –  –  28,709  –  47,422  50,087  Chad  Dosseye  2,277  6,158  8,556  9,607  9,433  9,724  9,922  15,766  21,522  Pakistan  Girdi Jungle  –  29,783  29,717  29,716  31,642  22,740  22,340  22,065  17,376  Nepal  Goldhap  9,602  9,694  8,315  6,356  4,764  –  –  –  –  Burkina Faso  Goudebo  –  –  –  –  –  –  4,943  9,287  9,403  Chad  Goz Amer  19,261  20,097  21,640  21,449  24,608  25,841  27,091  30,105  31,477  Chad  Goz Beïda  –  –  –  –  73,000  73,000  60,500  –  –  Uganda  Gulu  –  –  156,000  44,000  9,043  –  –  –  –  Yemen  Al-Mazrak  –  –  –  –  –  12,075  12,308  12,416  –  Ethiopia  Hilaweyn  –  –  –  –  –  25,747  30,960  37,305  38,890  Ethiopia  Hitsats  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  10,226  33,235  Uganda  Impevi  23,331  22,061  7,453  –  –  –  –  –  –  Niger  Intikane  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  11,221  12,738  Sri Lanka  Jaffna  –  10,522  –  –  9,108  6,436  –  –  –  Pakistan  Jalala  – 16,160  14,115  13,854  16,094  14,042  13,421  13,278  12,968  Ethiopia  Kobe  –  –  –  –  –  26,033  31,656  36,488  39,214  Pakistan  Koga  –  10,766  10,458  9,264  9,183  9,216  8,893  8,738  8,404  Pakistan  Kot Chandna  –  15,130  15,037  15,012  17,787  15,100  14,889  14,664  13,796  Ethiopia  Kule  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  46,314  Pakistan  Jalozai  –  83,616  32,155  30,955  100,748  32,499  57,771  22,076  –  Pakistan  Kababian  –  14,729  11,291  12,335  13,214  12,504  12,167  11,664  11,044  Pakistan  Kacha Gari  –  26,721  24,554  28,365  –  –  –  –  –  Zambia  Kala  19,143  16,877  12,768  –  –  –  –  –  –  South Sudan  Kaya  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  18,788  21,918  Uganda  Kyaka II 16,410  18,229  14,750  17,442  –  –  18,055  –  22,616  Ethiopia  Kebribeyah  16,399  16,879  16,132  16,496  16,601  16,408  16,009  15,788  –  Iran  Rafsanjan  12,715  –  –  6,630  6,852  –  –  –  –  Pakistan  Khaki  –  16,267  16,010  15,933  16,221  15,768  14,939  14,698  14,101  Nepal  Khudunabari  13,506  13,226  13,254  12,054  11,067  9,032  –  –  –  Burundi  Kinama  –  –  8,447  9,369      9,480  9,759  9,796  Uganda  Kitgum  –  –  164,000  122,000  12,290  7,070  –  –  –  Rwanda  Kiziba  17,978  18,130  18,323  18,693  18,888  18,919  15,927  –  –  Pakistan  Khairābād-Kund  –  14,674  11,686  11,669  11,839  12,921  12,961  –  –  Uganda  Kyangwali  19,132  20,109  13,434  20,606  –  –  21,280  –  40,023  Guinea  Laine  11,406  5,185  –  –  4,187  –  –  –  –  Ethiopia  Leitchour  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  47,711  Botswana  Dukwe –  –  –  –  –  –  –  – 2,833 

 References 

 External links 

An Assessment of Sphere Humanitarian Standards for Shelter and Settlement Planning in Kenya's Dadaab Refugee Camps
Camp Management Toolkit published by Norwegian Refugee Council
Humanitarian Library Resource for organisations responding to the transitional settlement and shelter needs of displaced populations
Refugee Camp in the Heart of the City. An awareness-raising touring event organized by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)
Thai-Cambodian Border Camps
 The open source and open hardware OLPC One School Per Child Initiative link Refugee Camps
U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants' Campaign to End Refugee Warehousing in refugee camps around the world, people are confined to their settlement and denied their basic rights.
UNHCR – The UN Refugee Agency – Data Sharing Tool – Interactive map and passport of every refugee camp, data sharing tool updated by every organisation in the camp


Category:Temporary populated places
Category:Displaced persons camps insyd de aftermath of World War II