Heroin

Heroin, dem sanso know am as diacetylmorphine den diamorphine among oda names, be a morphinan opioid substance dem synthesize from de dried latex of de opium poppy; dem mainly dey use am as a recreational drug for ein euphoric effects. Dem dey use heroin medically insyd chaw countries to relieve pain, such as during childbirth anaa a heart attack, as well as insyd opioid replacement therapy. Dem dey use medical-grade diamorphine as a pure hydrochloride salt. Various white den brown powders dem sell illegally around de world as heroin be routinely diluted plus cutting agents. Black tar heroin be a variable admixture of morphine derivatives—predominantly 6-MAM (6-monoacetylmorphine), wich be de result of crude acetylation during clandestine production of street heroin.

Dem typically dey inject heroin, usually into a vein, buh e sanso fi be snorted, smoked, anaa inhaled. Insyd a clinical context, de route of administration most commonly be intravenous injection; e sanso fi be given by intramuscular anaa subcutaneous injection, as well as orally insyd de form of tablets. De onset of effects usually be rapid den dey last for a few hours.

Common side effects dey include respiratory depression (decreased breathing), dry mouth, drowsiness, impaired mental function, constipation, den addiction. Use by injection sanso fi result in abscesses, infected heart valves, blood-borne infections, den pneumonia. After a history of long-term use, opioid withdrawal symptoms fi begin within hours of de last use. Wen given by injection into a vein, heroin get two to three times de effect of a similar dose of morphine. E typically dey appear insyd de form of a white anaa brown powder.

Treatment of heroin addiction often dey include behavioral therapy den medications. Medications fi include buprenorphine, methadone, anaa naltrexone. Dem fi treat a heroin overdose plus naloxone. As of 2015, na an estimated 17 million people use opiates non-medically, of wich heroin be de most common, wey na opioid use result in 122,000 deaths; sanso, as of 2015, na dem believe de total number of heroin users worldwide increase insyd Africa, de Americas, den Asia since 2000. Insyd de United States, approximately na 1.6 percent of people use heroin at sam point. Wen na people die from overdosing on a drug, de drug be usually an opioid den often heroin.

Na C. R. Alder Wright first make heroin insyd 1874 from morphine, a natural product of de opium poppy. Internationally, heroin be controlled under Schedules I den IV of de Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Referring URL =  wey e be generally illegal to make, possess, anaa sell widout a license. About na dem make about 448 tons of heroin insyd 2016. Insyd 2015, na Afghanistan produce about 66% of de world ein opium. Dem often dey mix illegal heroin plus oda substances such as sugar, starch, caffeine, quinine, anaa oda opioids like fentanyl.

 References 

External links

 'When Heroin Was Legal' BBC
 Drug-poisoning Deaths Involving Heroin: United States, 2000–2013 US Department of Health and Human Services
 Heroin Trafficking in the United States (2019) US Congressional Research Service


Category:1874 introductions
Category:1898 introductions
Category:Acetate esters
Category:Analgesics
Category:Brands wey cam be generic
Category:British inventions
Category:Depressogens
Category:4,5-Epoxymorphinans
Category:Euphoriants
Category:Morphine
Category:Mu-opioid receptor agonists
Category:Nephrotoxins
Category:Opioids
Category:Phenol ethers
Category:Prodrugs
Category:Semisynthetic opioids
Category:Translated from MDWiki