Maria Montessori

Maria Tecla Artemisia Montessori (/ˌmɒntɪˈsɔːri/ MON-tiss-OR-ee, Italian: [maˈriːa montesˈsɔːri]; 31 August 1870 – 6 May 1952) na she be Italian physician den educator best known for ein philosophy of education (de Montessori method) den ein writing for scientific pedagogy top. For an early age, Montessori enrol insyd classes for an all-boys technical school, plus hopes of make she cam turn an engineer. Na she soon get change of heart wey she begin medical school at de Sapienza University of Rome, wey she cam turn one of de first women make she attend medical school insyd Italy; she graduate plus honors insyd 1896. Chaw public den private schools globally still dey use ein educational method today.
Life den career

Birth and family
Dem born Montessori for 31 August 1870 insyd Chiaravalle, Italy. Ein poppie, Alessandro Montessori, age 33, na he be official of de Ministry of Finance wey he dey job insyd de local state-run tobacco factory. Ein mommie, Renilde Stoppani, 25 years old, na she be well-educated for de times wey na she be de niece of Italian geologist den paleontologist Antonio Stoppani.Kramer 1976, p. 24; Trabalzini 2011, p. 13. While na she no get any particular mentor, na she be very close to ein mommie wey readily encourage am. Na she sanso get a loving relationship plus ein poppie, although na he disagree plus ein choice make she continue ein education.Flaherty n.d.

1883–1896: Education

Early education
De Montessori family move go Florence insyd 1873, then to Rome insyd 1875 secof ein poppie ein job. Montessori enter a public elementary school at de age of 6 insyd 1876. Na ein early school record be "not particularly noteworthy",Trabalzini 2011, p. 7. although na dem award am certificates for good behavior insyd de first grade den for lavori donneschi, anaa "women's work", de next year.Kramer 1976, p. 27.

 Death 
Montessori die of a cerebral hemorrhage for 6 May 1952 at de age of 81 insyd Noordwijk aan Zee, the Netherlands.Kramer 1976, pp. 360–367; Trabalzini 2011, pp. 170–172.

Works
Il Metodo della Pedagogia Scientifica applicato all'educazione infantile nelle Case dei Bambini (Tipografia della Casa Editrice S. Lapi, 1909). Dem subsequently revise den reissue am insyd 1913 den 1918 (Ermanno Loescher publish am), den 1935 (Maglione den Strine publish am).
 English (American) edition: The Montessori Method: Scientific Pedagogy as Applied to Child Education in the Children's Houses [Anne E. George translate am] (Frederick A. Stokes, 1912)
 English (United Kingdom) edition: The Montessori Method: Scientific Pedagogy as Applied to Child Education in the Children's Houses [Anne E. George translate am] (William Heinemann, 1912)
 Revised and enlarged English (India) edition The Discovery of the Child [Mary A. Johnstone translate am] (Kalakshetra Publications, 1948)
 Revised and reissued in Italian as La scoperta del bambino (Garzanti, 1950). Na dem publish a 'new' edition of dis title by Garzanti insyd 1970.
 First American edition of The Discovery of the Child [translated by M. Joseph Costelloe] (Ballantine Books, 1967). Na dem publish simultaneously versions of dis title insyd de United States by Fides Publishers (Notre Dame, Indiana) den Amereon House (New York).
 English (United Kingdom) edition: The Discovery of the Child [M. Joseph Costelloe translate am] (Clio Press, 1988)
Antropologia Pedagogica (Vallardi, 1910)
 English (United Kingdom) edition: Pedagogical Anthropology [Frederick Taber Cooper translate am] (William Heinemann, 1913)
 English (American) edition: Pedagogical Anthropology [Frederic Taber Cooper translate am] (Frederick A. Stokes, 1913)
 Dr. Montessori's Own Handbook (Dem first publish insyd English; Frederick A. Stokes, 1914)This publication was translated into English from the Italian by an unattributed individual.
L'autoeducazione nelle scuole elementari (Loescher, 1916)
 English edition dem publish insyd two volumes (Frederick A. Stokes, 1917):
The Advanced Montessori Method, Vol. I: Spontaneous Activity in Education [Florence Simmonds translate am]
 The Advanced Montessori Method, Vol. II: The Montessori Elementary Material [Arthur Livingston translate am]
I bambini viventi nella Chiesa (1922)
 English edition: The Child in the Church: Essays on the Religious Education of Children and the Training of Character [edited by Edwin M. Standing] (1929)
Das Kind in der Familie (Dem first publish insyd German; 1923)
 English edition: The Child in the Family [translated by Nancy Cirillo] (1929)
Psico Geométria (Dem first publish insyd Spanish; 1934)
 English edition: Psychogeometry [ Kay M. Baker den Benedetto Scoppola edit am] (2011)
 English edition: Psychoarithmetic [Kay M. Baker den Benedetto Scoppola edit am] (2016)
L'Enfant (Dem first publish insyd French; Gonthier, 1936)
 English edition: The Secret of Childhood (Longmans, Green and Co., 1936)
De l'enfant à l'adolescent [translated by Georgette J. J. Bernard] (Dem first publish insyd French; Desclée de Brouwer, 1923)
 English edition: From Childhood to Adolescence (The Montessori Education Research Center translate am] (Schocken Books, 1973)
Educazione e pace (Garzanti, 1949) 
 English edition: Peace and Education (Theosophical Publishing House, 1949)
Formazione dell'uomo (Garzanti, 1949)
 English edition: The Formation of Man [Albert M. Joosten translate am] (Theosophical Publishing House, 1955)
The Absorbent Mind (Theosophical Publishing House, 1949)As stated in the introduction to this text, "the present volume is based upon the lectures given by Dr. Maria Montessori at Ahmedabad, during the first Training Course after her internment in India." Additionally, this version is based on notes from the lectures, so it is based on notes by students – not Montessori's own writings. Montessori, M. (1949). The Absorbent Mind. The Theosophical Publishing House. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.202650.
 Revised and rewritten Italian edition: La mente del bambino. Mente assorbente (Garzanti, 1952)This Italian-language version was personally written by Maria Montessori, whereas the English-language version from 1949 was not based on Montessori's own writings but was based on student(s) notes (in English) from her lecture. For this reason, the Italian-language edition is understood to be the authoritative version of the text.
 English edition of Italian version: The Absorbent Mind [translated by Claude A. Claremont] (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1967)This was a new English-language translation of the text, by Claude A. Claremont, based on the revised, updated, and expanded version Montessori wrote in Italian. Montessori, M. (1967). The Absorbent Mind (C. A. Claremont, Trans.). Holt, Rinehart and Winston. OCLC 299938660
Education for a New World (1947)
To Educate the Human Potential (1947)

 References 

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External links

 Association Montessori Internationale
 American Montessori Society
 The Centre for Montessori Studies in her native home in Chiaravalle, Italy
 e-text of The Montessori Method by Maria Montessori
 Women's Intellectual Contributions to the Study of Mind and Society
 The Montessori Foundation
 Photos of Maria Montessori (1913–1951)
 Montessori Bibliography Online containing citations for sources related to Maria Montessori and Montessori education
 Montessori-Pierson Publishing Company where most of her works and other compilations of lectures or articles written by Montessori are available
Category:Human
Category:1870 births
Category:1952 deaths
Category:20th-century Italian inventors
Category:20th-century Italian philosophers
Category:20th-century Italian physicians
Category:20th-century Italian women physicians
Category:Academic staff of de Sapienza University of Rome
Category:Catholic philosophers
Category:Italian educational theorists
Category:Italian expatriates insyd India
Category:Italian expatriates insyd the Netherlands
Category:Italian Roman Catholics
Category:Italian women's rights activists
Category:Montessori teachers
Category:People wey komot de Province of Ancona
Category:Philosophers of education
Category:Sapienza University of Rome alumni
Category:Women founders
Category:20th-century Italian women educators