Usman dan Fodio

Shehu Usman dan Fodio  (Arabic: عثمان بن فودي, romanized: ʿUthmān ibn Fūdī; full name; 15 December 1754 – 20 April 1817).Hunwick, John O. 1995. "Arabic Literature" in Africa: the Writings of Central Sudanic Africa, pp. (Uthman ibn Muhammad ibn Uthman ibn Saalih ibn Haarun ibn Muhammad Ghurdu ibn Muhammad Jubba ibn Muhammad Sambo ibn Maysiran ibn Ayyub ibn Buba Baba ibn Musa Jokolli ibn Imam Dembube`) na he be a Fulani scholar, Islamic religious teacher, poet, revolutionary den a philosopher wey found de Sokoto Caliphate wey na he rule as ein first caliph.I. Suleiman, The African Caliphate: The Life, Works and Teachings of Shaykh Usman Dan Fodio (1757–1817) (2009).

After dema successful revolution, na de "Jama'a" give am de title Amir al-Mu'minin (commander of de faithful). Na he reject de throne wey na he continue ein calling to Islam.

Born insyd Gobir, na Usman be descendant of de Torodbe clans of urbanized ethnic Fulani people wey dey live insyd de Hausa Kingdoms since de early 1400s. For insyd ein early life, Usman be well educated for Islamic studies den, wey na he begin dey preach Sunni Islam thru out territories wey later cam be parts of independent Nigeria den Cameroon. Na he wrep more dan a hundred books wey concern religion, government, culture den society. Na he develop a critique for existing African Muslim elites for wat na he cam see as dema greed, paganism, violation of de standards of de Sharia.

Na Usman form an Islamic religious den social revolution wey spread from Gobir thru out modern Nigeria den Cameroon. Na dis revolution cam influence oda rebellions across West Africa den beyond. For 1803, na he found de Sokoto Caliphate wey na ein followers pledge allegiance to am as de Commander of de Faithful (Amīr al-Muʾminīn). Na Usman den cam declare jihad against de Hausa kings wey na he defeat dem. Under Usman ein leadership, de caliphate cam expand into present-day Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Southern Niger den most of de Northern Nigeria. Na Ɗan Fodio cam decline much of de pomp of rulership, den while he dey develop contacts plus religious reformists den jihad leaders across Africa, na he soon cam pass actual leadership of de Sokoto state to ein son, Muhammed Bello.

Na he encourage literacy den scholarship, give women den men, den chaw of ein daughters cam emerge as scholars den writers. Ein writings den sayings cam be much quoted today, wey dem dey affectionately refer to am as Shehu for Nigeria. Na sam followers dey consider ɗan Fodio as a mujaddid, a divinely sent "reformer of Islam". Na Shehu dan Fodio ein uprising cam be a major episode of a movement wey dem dey describe as de jihad insyd de 17th, 18th den 19th centuries. Na he follow de jihads successfully waged for Futa Bundu, Futa Tooro den Fouta Djallon between 1650 den 1750, wey na he cam lead to de creation of those three Islamic states. For ein turn, de Shehu cam inspire a number of later West African jihads, wey include those of Seku Amadu, founder of de Massina Empire den Omar Saidou Tall, founder of de Toucouleur Empire, wey na he marry one of ɗan Fodio ein granddaughters.

 Early life 

 Lineage den kiddie time 
Usman Danfodio dey belong to de generation of wandering scholars wey na dem start dey settle insyd Hausaland since de 1300-1400s, sam 400–500 years before de Jihad.Lapidus, Ira M. A History of Islamic Societies. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 469. Na de Sheikh ein ancestors be Toronkawa wey na dem migrate from Futa Tooro insyd de 1300s under de leadership of Musa Jokollo. Musa Jokollo be de 11th grandpoppie of de Shehu. Na der be 11 generations between Musa Jokollo den Shehu Danfodio.

 Notable works 
Na Danfodio wrep more dan a hundred books wey dey concern Economy, History, Law, Administration, Women's rights, government, culture, Politics den society. Na he wrep 118 poems insyd Arabic, Fulfulde, den Hausa languages.

Na Balogun (1981, PP. 43-48) compile a list of 115 works thru various sources.Islahi, Abdul. (2008). Shehu Uthman Dan Fodio and his economic ideas. Notable among ein works dey include;Akintola, Ameer. (2023). Shaykh ‘Uthman bn Fodio : A Short History.

 Usul al-`Adl (Principles of Justice)
 Bayan Wujub al-hijrah `ala’l-`ibad7 (description of de obligation of migration for People).
 Nur al-Ibad (Light of the Slaves)
 Najm al-Ikhwan (Star of the Brothers)
 Siraj al-Ikhwan (Lamp for the Brothers)
 Ihyā’ al-sunna wa ikhmād al-bid’a (De revival of the Prophetic practice and obliteration of false innovation)
 Kitab al-Farq (Book of the Difference)
 . Bayan Bid`ah al-Shaytaniyah (Description of the Satanic innovations)
 Abd Al-Qādir b. Mustafā (ten questions put into verse by ‘Uthmanb. Fūdī insyd one of ein non-Arabic poems.)
 Ādāb al-‘ādāt
 Ādāb al-ākhira
 ‘Adad al-dā’i ilā al-dīn
 Akhlāq al-mustafā
 Al-abyāt ‘alā ‘Abd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī
 Al-ādāb.
 Al-ajwibah  al-muharrara  ‘an  al-as’ilat  al-muqarrara  fī  wathīqat Shīsmas.
 ‘Alāmāt almuttabi‘in li sunna rasūl Allāh min al-rijāl wa-al-nisā’
 Al-amr bi-al-ma’rūf wa-al-nahy an al-munkar (enjoining the good and forbidding the evil)
 Al-amr bi-muwālāt al-mu’minīn wa-al-nahy ‘an muwālāt al-kāfirīn.
 Al- ‘aql al-awwal.
 Al-dālī li-Shaikh ‘Uthmān.
 Al-farq baina ‘ilm usūl al-dīn wa baina ‘ilm al-kalām.
 Al-farq baina wilāyāt ahl al-kufr fi wilāyātihim  wa-baina  wilāyāt hl al-islam fī wilāyātihim
 Al-fasl al-awwal
 Al-hamzīyah
 Al-jāmi’.
 Al-jihād
 Al-khabar al-hādī ilā umūr al-imām al-mahdī

 References 

 External links 
 African Legends
 SIIASI Uthman Dan Fodio
WebPulaaku

Category:1754 births
Category:1817 deaths
Category:Human
Category:Nigerian people
Category:18th-century Nigerian people
Category:19th-century Nigerian people
Category:19th-century monarchs insyd Africa
Category:Arabic-language writers
Category:Asharis
Category:Fula-language writers
Category:Hausa-language writers
Category:Muslim missionaries
Category:Nigerian Arabic-language poets
Category:Nigerian Fula people
Category:19th-century Nigerian philosophers
Category:Nigerian royalty
Category:Nigerian Sufi religious leaders
Category:Nigerian writers
Category:Nigerian people of Moroccan descent
Category:Self-proclaimed caliphs
Category:Sultans of Sokoto
Usman
Category:Scholars of precolonial Africa