Gold Coast (British colony)

De Gold Coast be British Crown colony for de Gulf of Guinea insyd West Africa from 1821 wey until ein independence insyd 1957 wey e cam turn Ghana."One-Man Policy—A Curse to West Africa", The Gold Coast Nation and National Consciousness, Routledge, pp. 54–59, 13 September 2013, doi:10.4324/9781315033044-11, ISBN 978-1-315-03304-4 De term Gold Coast dem dey san use am to describe all of de four separate jurisdictions wey dey under de administration of de Governor of de Gold Coast. Dese be de Gold Coast einself, Ashanti, de Northern Territories protectorate den de British Togoland trust territory.Chipp, Thomas Ford (1922). Forest officers' handbook of the Gold Coast, Ashanti and the Northern Territories. London [etc.]: Waterlow & sons limited. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.45233.

De first European explorers wey cam arrive for de coast be de Portuguese insyd 1471. Dem dey encounter variety of African kingdoms, sam of wich dem dey control substantial deposits of gold insyd de soil."Gold Coast", African American Studies Center, Oxford University Press, 7 April 2005, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.41463, ISBN 978-0-19-530173-1 Insyd 1483, de Portuguese cam to de continent for increase insyd trade."57. How It Came About That Children Were First Whipped", African Folktales, Princeton University Press, pp. 209–211, 2015, doi:10.1353/chapter.1546551, ISBN 978-1-4008-7294-7 Dem cam build de Castle of Elmina, ebe de first European settlement for de Gold Coast. From hie dem dey acquire slaves den gold insyd trade for European goods, such as metal knives, beads, mirrors, rum, den guns.Irwin, Graham W. (1971). "Gold and Guns on the Gold Coast - Trade and Politics on the Gold Coast 1600–1720. A Study of the African Reaction to European Trade. By Kwame Yeboa Daaku. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970. Pp. xviii + 219; maps. £2.50". The Journal of African History. 12 (2): 330–331. doi:10.1017/s0021853700010744. ISSN 0021-8537. S2CID 155038059. News for de successful trading spread quickly, den British, Dutch, Danish, Prussian den Swedish traders dem all arrive.Sutton, Angela (3 July 2015). "The Seventeenth-century Slave Trade in the Documents of the English, Dutch, Swedish, Danish and Prussian Royal Slave Trading Companies". Slavery & Abolition. 36 (3): 445–459. doi:10.1080/0144039x.2015.1067975. ISSN 0144-039X. S2CID 143085310. De European traders cam build chaw forts along de coastline.Corliss, Timothy (26 September 2015), "New World Trading of Old World Markets: European Derivatives", Master Traders, Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 242–262, doi:10.1002/9781119205043.ch12, ISBN 978-1-119-20504-3 De Gold Coast name, dem dey use am long time as ebe region by Europeans secof de large gold resources dem cam find for de area der.Chalmers, AlbertJ. (1900). "Uncomplicated Æstivo-Autumnal Fever in Europeans in the Gold Coast Colony, West Africa". The Lancet. 156 (4027): 1262–1264. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)99958-1. ISSN 0140-6736. De slave trade be de principal exchange den major part of de economy for chaw years. Insyd dis period, European nations begin dey explore den colonize de Americas.Klein, Herbert S. (2010), "Major slaving ports of the Gold Coast and the Bights of Benin and Biafra", The Atlantic Slave Trade, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. xiii, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511779473.003, ISBN 978-0-511-77947-3 Soon de Portuguese den Spanish begin dey export African slaves to de Caribbean, den North den South America. De Dutch den British san dey enter de slave trade, for first dem dey supply slaves to markets insyd de Caribbean den for de Caribbean coast of South America."Time On The Coast", From Capture to Sale: The Portuguese Slave Trade to Spanish South America in the Early Seventeenth Century, Brill Academic Publishers, pp. 72–100, 2007, doi:10.1163/ej.9789004156791.i-373.17, ISBN 978-90-04-15679-1, S2CID 128336362

De Royal Trading Company dem establish am by de Crown insyd 1752 say ego lead ein trading for Africa insyd. Dem replace am by de African Company of Merchants, wey dey lead de British trading efforts into de early 19th century.Gelder, M. Van (2009), "Introduction", Trading Places Trading Places: The Netherlandish Merchants in Early Modern Venice, Brill Academic Publishers, pp. 1–20, doi:10.1163/ej.9789004175433.i-246.10, ISBN 978-90-04-17543-3 Insyd 1821, de British government withdraw dema charter den seize people dema private lands wey dey along de coast."10. Crown and Charter", Crown and Charter, University of California Press, pp. 310–340, 31 December 1974, doi:10.1525/9780520338456-011, ISBN 978-0-520-33845-6 Insyd 1821, de government form de British Gold Coast colony, after dem take over de remaining interests of oda European countries.Horton, James Africanus Beale (2011), "Self-Government of the Gold Coast", West African Countries and Peoples, British and Native, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 104–123, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511983146.010, ISBN 978-0-511-98314-6 Dem purchase den incorporate de Danish Gold Coast insyd 1850 den de Dutch Gold Coast, wey dey include Fort Elmina, insyd 1872.Feinberg, H. M. (1970). "An Incident in Elmina-Dutch Relations, The Gold Coast (Ghana), 1739–1740". African Historical Studies. 3 (2): 359–372. doi:10.2307/216221. ISSN 0001-9992. JSTOR 216221. Britain steadily expand ein colony thru de invasion den subjection of local kingdoms as well, particularly de Ashanti den Fante confederacies."Atta, Nana Sir Ofori, (11 Oct. 1881–24 Aug. 1943), Omanhene (Paramount Chief) of Akyem Abuakwa; an Unofficial Member, Executive Council of Gold Coast, since 1942; Provincial Member of the Legislative Council, Gold Coast Colony; President of the Provincial Council of Chiefs, Eastern Province, Gold Coast Colony; Member of the Board of Education, Gold Coast Colony; Director of Akim, Limited; Member of District Agricultural Committee, Akim Abuakwa", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u222064

De Ashanti people get control much of dema territory of Ghana before de Europeans arrive den wey dem dey often fight plus dem.Giles, Jim (2007). "Before settlers arrived, California's wildfires were much worse". New Scientist. 196 (2628): 9. doi:10.1016/s0262-4079(07)62754-7. ISSN 0262-4079. Insyd de 21st century dem dey continue to constitute de largest ethnic community insyd Ghana. Four wars, de Anglo-Ashanti Wars, wey dem dey fight between de Ashanti (Asante) den de British, wey samtyms ally plus de Fante."Who were the Gentry?", The Medieval Gentry : Power, Leadership and Choice during the Wars of the Roses, Bloomsbury Academic, 2010, doi:10.5040/9781472599179.ch-002, ISBN 978-1-4411-9064-2

During de First Anglo-Ashanti War (1822–24), de two groups dey fight secof disagreement over de Ashanti chief den slavery. De British come abolish de Atlantic slave trade buh dem keep de institution insyd ein colonies until 1834.Busia, K. A. (16 August 2018), "British Rule and the Chief", The Position of the Chief in the Modern Political System of Ashanti, Routledge, pp. 139–164, doi:10.4324/9781351030823-7, ISBN 978-1-351-03082-3, S2CID 233065561 Tensions increase insyd 1874 during de Second Ashanti War (1873–74) wen de British sack de Ashanti capital of Kumasi. De Third Ashanti War (1893–94) occur secof de fresh Ashanti ruler Asantehene dey want to exercise ein fresh title.Brackenbury, Henry, Sir (1873). Fanti and Ashanti. W. Blackwood and Sons. doi:10.5479/sil.204747.39088000128199. From 1895 to 1896 de British den Ashanti fight insyd de Fourth den final Ashanti War, wey de Ashanti fight den loose dema independence."The Ashanti Expedition". The Lancet. 146 (3768): 1246–1247. 1895. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)31670-1. ISSN 0140-6736. Insyd 1900 de Ashanti Uprising take place. De British dey suppress de violence den capture de city of Kumasi.Armitage, Cecil Hamilton; Montanaro, Arthur Forbes (2011), "Shut up in Kumasi", The Ashanti Campaign of 1900, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 34–44, doi:10.1017/cbo9781139058032.006, ISBN 978-1-139-05803-2 For de end of dis last Ashanti War, de territory for de Ashanti people cam turn British protectorate for 1 January 1902.Thompson, Larry (1995), "Ashanti soll geheilt werden", Der Fall Ashanti, Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, pp. 12–50, doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-6006-2_1, ISBN 978-3-0348-6007-9

By 1901, de British cam establish colony wey dey incorporate all of de Gold Coast, plus ein kingdoms den tribes wey dem dey consider am as single unit. De British come exploit den export a plenty of natural resources such as gold, metal ores, diamonds, ivory, pepper, timber, grain den cocoa.Milburn, Josephine (1970). "The 1938 Gold Coast Cocoa Crisis: British Business and the Colonial Office". African Historical Studies. 3 (1): 57–74. doi:10.2307/216480. ISSN 0001-9992. JSTOR 216480. De British colonists build railways den complex transport infrastructure so say ego support dema shipment of dese commodities. Dis dem dey form de basis for de transport infrastructure insyd de modern-day Ghana."Figure 2.20 Transport infrastructure spending has been below OECD average". doi:10.1787/888933318975.

By 1945, insyd de wake of a major colonial role insyd de Second World War, nationalists insyd de Gold Coast take a leadership role wey dem dey demand more autonomy.Drew, Allison (1 November 2014), "The Nation in Formation: Communists and Nationalists During the Second World War", We are no longer in France, Manchester University Press, pp. 110–144, doi:10.7228/manchester/9780719090240.003.0006, ISBN 978-0-7190-9024-0 Insyd 1951–55 dem share power plus Britain. By 1956, British Togoland, de Northern Territories Protectorate den de Ashanti protectorate wey dem merge am plus de Gold Coast so say dem go create one colony, wey e cam turn known as Gold Coast.McKay, Vernon; Bourrett, F. M. (1950). "The Gold Coast: A Survey of the Gold Coast and British Togoland, 1919-1946". The American Historical Review. 55 (2): 345. doi:10.2307/1843737. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 1843737. De Ghana Independence Act 1957 dey constitute de Gold Coast Crown Colony as part of de fresh dominion of Ghana.Howe, Russell Warren (1957). "Gold Coast into Ghana". The Phylon Quarterly. 18 (2): 155–161. doi:10.2307/273187. ISSN 0885-6826. JSTOR 273187.

 History 

 British rule 
By de late 19th century, de British, thru conquest anaa purchase, dem occupy most of de forts along de coast. Two major factors dem take lay de foundations of British rule den de eventual establishment of colony for de Gold Coast: British reaction to de Asante wars den de resulting instability den disruption of trade, den Britain ein increasing preoccupation plus de suppression den elimination of de slave trade.Lambert, David (1 September 2015), "Slave-trade suppression and the image of West Africa in nineteenth-century Britain", The suppression of the Atlantic slave trade, Manchester University Press, pp. 146–165, doi:10.7228/manchester/9780719085116.003.0007, ISBN 978-0-7190-8511-6McLaughlin & Owusu-Ansah (1994), Britain and the Gold Coast: the Early Years

During most of de 19th century, Asante, de most powerful state of de Akan interior, dem seek say dem go expand dema rule den promote den protect dema trade.P. Hagan, George (1980). "The Rule of Law in Asante, A Traditional Akan State". Présence Africaine. 113 (1): 193. doi:10.3917/presa.113.0193. ISSN 0032-7638. De first Asante invasion of de coastal regions take place insyd 1807; de Asante san move south insyd de Ga-Fante War of 1811 den insyd de Ashanti–Akim–Akwapim War of 1814–16.Austin, Gareth (2012), "Asante, 1807–1956: The State, Output and Resources", Labour, Land and Capital in Ghana, Woodbridge, UK: Boydell and Brewer Limited, pp. 34–71, doi:10.1017/upo9781580466363.008, ISBN 978-1-58046-636-3 Dese invasions, though no be decisive, dem disrupt trade products lyk feathers, ivory, rubber den palm oil, wey dem threaten de security of de European forts. Local British, Dutch, den Danish authorities dem force all say make dem come to terms plus de Asante."British traders and the restructuring of the palm products trade", Commerce and Economic Change in West Africa, Cambridge University Press, pp. 128–150, 11 December 1997, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511582035.008, ISBN 978-0-521-59074-7 Insyd 1817 de African Company of Merchants sign treaty of friendship wey dem recognise Asante as dem dey claim sovereignty over large areas of de coast den ein peoples.Ross, Doran H. (2003), "Asante and related peoples", Oxford Art Online, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t004502, ISBN 978-1-884446-05-4 De assets of de African Company of Merchants dey consist of primarily of nine trading posts anaa factories: Fort William, Fort James, Fort Sekondi, Fort Winneba, Fort Apollonia, Fort Tantumquery, Fort Metal Cross, Fort Komenda, den Cape Coast Castle, de last of dem be de administrative centre.Nassaney, Michael S. (27 August 2019), "Fort St. Joseph Revealed Then and Now", Fort St. Joseph Revealed, University Press of Florida, pp. 223–246, doi:10.5744/florida/9780813056425.003.0010, ISBN 978-0-8130-5642-5, S2CID 213549340

De coastal people, primarily some of de Fante den de inhabitants of de new town of Accra, who dem chiefly be Ga, come to rely for de British protection against Asante incursions.Sowerby, James (1804). The British Miscellany: or coloured figures of new, rare, or little known animal subjects; many not before ascertained to be inhabitants of the British Isles and chiefly in the possession of the author /. London: printed by R. Taylor & Co.; and sold by the author, J. Sowerby; by White; Johnson; Symonds; and by all booksellers, &c. in town and country. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.120056. Buh de merchant companies get limited ability to provide such security. De British Crown dissolve de company insyd 1821, giving authority over British forts on de Gold Coast to Charles MacCarthy, governor of de colony of Sierra Leone."Islamic Triumphalism in a Christian Colony: Temne Agency in the Spread and Sierra Leonization of Islam", The Temne of Sierra Leone, Cambridge University Press, pp. 127–165, 9 November 2017, doi:10.1017/9781108182010.006, ISBN 978-1-108-18201-0 De British forts den Sierra Leone remain under common administration for de first half of de century.Starbuck, David R. (10 April 2018), "British Forts in Northern New York State", British Forts and Their Communities, University Press of Florida, doi:10.5744/florida/9780813056753.003.0002, ISBN 978-0-8130-5675-3 MacCarthy ein mandate dem impose peace den end de slave trade. He seek say he go do dis by encouraging de coastal peoples to oppose Kumasi rule den by closing de great roads to de coast. Incidents den sporadic warfare continue, howeva."Antislavery on a Slave Coast", Freedom's Debtors, Yale University Press, pp. 28–64, 2017, doi:10.2307/j.ctt1vgwbg8.5, ISBN 978-0-300-23152-6 Insyd 1824 MacCarthy kill den most of ein force dem wipe dem out insyd a battle plus Asante forces.Piette, A. (20 August 2013). "Childhood Wiped Out: Larkin, His Father, and the Bombing of Coventry" (PDF). English. 62 (238): 230–247. doi:10.1093/english/eft030. ISSN 0013-8215. De British dem are able to defeat de Asante invasion of de coast insyd 1826 plus a combine force of British den local forces, wey dey include de Fante den de people of Accra.Connaughton, Richard M. (1 January 2000). "Organizing British Joint Rapid Reaction Forces (Joint Force Quarterly, Autumn 2000)". Fort Belvoir, VA. doi:10.21236/ada426696.
Wen de British government allow control of de Gold Coast settlements make dem revert to de British African Company of Merchants insyd de late 1820s, relations plus Asante wey still be problematic. From de Asante point of view, de British fail make dem control de activities of dema local coastal allies."Ahmadiyya Expansion to Asante", The Ahmadiyya in the Gold Coast, Indiana University Press, pp. 199–217, 2017, doi:10.2307/j.ctt2005s3h.15, ISBN 978-0-253-02951-5 If dem fi do dis, Asante no go fi find am as necessary make dem attempt to impose peace for de coastal peoples top. MacCarthy ein encouragement of coastal opposition to Asante den de subsequent 1824 British military attack further wey edey indicate to Asante leaders dat de Europeans, especially de British, wey no dey pect de Asante.

Insyd 1830 London committee of merchants choose Captain George Maclean say make he cam turn presido of de local council of merchants."de Mel, Sir Henry Lawson, (1877–8 May 1936), Member of the Legislative Council; Member of the Municipal Council; JP for the island; President Plumbago Merchants' Union; Proprietor H. L. de Mel & Co., merchants", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u213981 Although ein formal jurisdiction be limited, Maclean ein achievements be substantial; for example, he arrange peace treaty plus de Asante insyd 1831."de Mel, Sir Henry Lawson, (1877–8 May 1936), Member of the Legislative Council; Member of the Municipal Council; JP for the island; President Plumbago Merchants' Union; Proprietor H. L. de Mel & Co., merchants", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u213981 Maclean san supervise de coastal people make he dey hold regular court insyd Cape Coast, wey he sentence den punish dose dem find guilty secof he dey disturb de peace.Bernstein, Rachel (6 July 2015). "HIV researcher found guilty of research misconduct sentenced to prison". Science. doi:10.1126/science.caredit.a1500171. ISSN 1095-9203. Between 1830 den 1843, wey Maclean be in charge of affairs for de Gold Coast, no confrontations occur plus Asante. De volume of trade reportedly increased threefold.Grenfell-Williams, Dorothy (1962). "Maclean of the Gold Coast". African Affairs. 61 (245): 348–350. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a095044. ISSN 1468-2621.

 Independence 
On 6 March 1957, de Colony of Gold Coast gain ein independence as de country of Ghana.Laronce, Cécile. Auteur. (1997). L'influence de Nkrumah dans la politique étrangère américaine : les États-Unis découvrent l'Afrique, 1945-1966. [s.n.] OCLC 490457889.

 San see 

 Anglo-Ashanti wars
 Gold Coast ackey
 Gold Coast in World War II
 Gold Coast Influenza Epidemic
 List of governors of the Gold Coast
 Slave Coast of West Africa

 References 
Category:History of Ghana
Category:British West Africa
Category:Gold Coast (British colony)
Category:1957 disestablishments insyd Ghana
Category:1821 establishments insyd Gold Coast (British colony)
Category:States den territories dem disestablish insyd 1957
Category:20th century insyd Ghana
Category:States den territories dem establish insyd 1821
Category:19th century insyd Ghana
Category:Former British colonies den protectorates insyd Africa
Category:Ghana den de Commonwealth of Nations

 You fi read further 

 Bourret, Florence Mabel. Gold Coast: A survey of the Gold Coast and British Togoland, 1919-1946. (Stanford University Press, 1949). online
 Buah, F. K. A history of Ghana (London: Macmillan, 1998)
 Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). "Gold Coast" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). pp. 203–207.
 Claridge, W. W. A History of the Gold Coast and Ashanti (1915)
 Davidson, Basil. Black Star: a view of the life and times of Kwame Nkrumah (1990)
 Gocking, Roger S. The History of Ghana (2005). online free to borrow
 Graham, Charles Kwesi. The History of Education in Ghana: From the Earliest Times to the Declaration of Independence (Routledge, 2013)
 Kimble, David (1963). A Political History of Ghana: The Rise of Gold Coast Nationalism, 1850–1928. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
 McLaughlin, James L., and David Owusu-Ansah. "Historical Setting" (and sub-chapters). In A Country Study: Ghana (La Verle Berry, ed.). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (November 1994). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
 Owusu-Ansah, David. Historical dictionary of Ghana (Rowman & Littlefield, 2014)
 Quartey, Seth (2007). Missionary Practices on the Gold Coast, 1832–1895: Discourse, Gaze and Gender in the Basel Mission in Pre-Colonial West Africa. Youngstown, New York: Cambria Press. ISBN 978-1-62499-043-4.
 Szereszewski, R. Structural Changes in the Economy of Ghana, 1891-1911 (London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1965)
 Ward, W. E. F. A History of Ghana (Allen & Unwin, 1966) online free to borrow
 Gyasi, Yaa (2016). Homegoing. New York, NY: Knopf.
 Great Britain. Colonial Office. Annual report on the Gold Coast (annual 1931–1953) online free

 External links 

 books on Gold Coast free copies (many of the books are about places outside Africa)
 Collection of photographs of life in the Gold Coast (Ghana) taken by George Cansdale