Anemia

Anemia (dem sanso spell anaemia insyd British English) be a blood disorder insyd wich de blood get a reduced ability to carry oxygen. Dis fi be secof a lower dan normal number of red blood cells, a reduction insyd de amount of hemoglobin available for oxygen transport, anaa abnormalities insyd hemoglobin wey dey impair ein function. Dem derive de name Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-) 'not' den αἷμα (haima) 'blood'.

Wen anemia dey cam on slowly, de symptoms often be vague, such as tiredness, weakness, shortness of breath, headaches, den a reduced ability to exercise. Wen anemia be acute, symptoms fi include confusion, feeling like one dey go pass out, loss of consciousness, den increased thirst. Anemia for be significant before a person cam be noticeably pale. Additional symptoms fi occur dey depend on de underlying cause. Anemia fi be temporary anaa long-term den fi range from mild to severe.

Anemia fi be caused by blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, den increased red blood cell breakdown. Causes of blood loss dey include menstruation, bleeding secof inflammation of de stomach anaa intestines, bleeding from surgery, serious injury, anaa blood donation. Causes of decreased production dey include iron deficiency, folate deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, thalassemia den a number of bone marrow tumors. Causes of increased breakdown dey include genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia, infections such as malaria, den certain autoimmune diseases like autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Anemia sanso fi be classified based on de size of de red blood cells den amount of hemoglobin insyd each cell. If de cells be small, dem dey call am microcytic anemia; if dem be large, dem dey call am macrocytic anemia; wey if dem be normal sized, dem dey call am normocytic anemia. De diagnosis of anemia insyd men be based on a hemoglobin of less dan 130 g/L; insyd non-pregnant women, e be less dan 120 g/L, while insyd pregnant women e be less dan 105–110. Further testing be then required to determine de cause.

Treatment dey depend on de specific cause. Certain groups of individuals, such as pregnant women, fi benefit from de use of iron pills for prevention. Dietary supplementation, widout determining de specific cause, no be recommended. De use of blood transfusions typically be based on a person ein signs den symptoms. Insyd those widout symptoms, dem no be recommended unless hemoglobin levels be less dan 60 to 80 g/L (6 to 8 g/dL). These recommendations may also apply to some people with acute bleeding. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents be only recommended insyd those plus severe anemia.

Anemia be de most common blood disorder, wey dey affect about a fifth to a third of de global population. Iron-deficiency anemia be de most common cause of anemia worldwide, wey dey affect nearly one billion people. Insyd 2013, na anemia secof iron deficiency result in about 183,000 deaths – down from 213,000 deaths insyd 1990. Dis condition most be prevalent insyd kiddies plus also an above average prevalence insyd elderly den women of reproductive age (especially during pregnancy). Anemia be one of de six WHO global nutrition targets for 2025 den for diet-related global targets wey be endorsed by World Health Assembly insyd 2012 den 2013. Na efforts to reach global targets contribute to reaching Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), wey anemia as one of de targets insyd SDG 2 for achieving zero world hunger.

 References 

 External links 

 WHO fact sheet on anaemia
 Anemia, U.S. National Library of Medicine

Category:Anemias
Category:Hematopathology
Category:Transfusion medicine
Category:Translated from MDWiki