Substance dependence

Substance dependence, dem sanso know as drug dependence, be a biopsychological situation wer by an individual ein functionality be dependent on de necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance secof an adaptive state wey develop within de individual from psychoactive substance consumption wey result in de experience of withdrawal den dey necessitate de re-consumption of de drug. A drug addiction, a distinct concept from substance dependence, be defined as compulsive, out-of-control drug use, despite negative consequences. An addictive drug be a drug wich both be rewarding den reinforcing. ΔFosB, a gene transcription factor, wich now be known to be a critical component den common factor insyd de development of virtually all forms of behavioral den drug addictions, buh no be dependence.

De International Classification of Diseases dey classify substance dependence as a mental den behavioural disorder.Drs;  Insyd de Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) (dem release insyd 2013), na substance abuse den substance dependence be eliminated den replaced plus de single diagnosis of substance use disorders. Na dem do dis secof "de tolerance den withdrawal wey previously define dependence be actually very normal responses to prescribed medications wey affect de central nervous system wey no necessarily dey indicate de presence of an addiction."

Risk factors

Dependence potential
 Drug  Mean  Pleasure  Psychological dependence  Physical dependence Heroin/Morphine  3.00  3.0  3.0  3.0 Cocaine  2.39  3.0  2.8  1.3 Tobacco  2.21  2.3  2.6  1.8 Barbiturates  2.01  2.0  2.2  1.8 Alcohol  1.93  2.3  1.9  1.6Ketamine1.541.91.71.0 Benzodiazepines  1.83  1.7  2.1  1.8 Amphetamine  1.67  2.0  1.9  1.1 Cannabis  1.51  1.9  1.7  0.8 Ecstasy  1.13  1.5  1.2  0.7

Capture rates
 Drug  % of users Cannabis  9%Caffeine9% Alcohol  15.4% Cocaine  16.7% Heroin  23.1% Tobacco  31.9%
 References 

 External links 

American Society of Addiction Medicine website
Health-EU Portal – Drugs
people, drug addicts
Trips Beyond Addiction | Living Hero Radio Show and Podcast special. With Dimitri Mobengo Mugianis, Bovenga Na Muduma, Clare S. Wilkins, Brad Burge, Tom Kingsley Brown, Susan Thesenga, Bruce K. Alexander, PhD ~ the voices of ex-addicts, researchers from The Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies and Ibogaine/Iboga/Ayahuasca treatment providers sharing their experiences in breaking addiction with native medicines. January 2013
 A social history of America's most popular drugs.
National Institute on Drug Abuse: "NIDA for Teens: Brain and Addiction".
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Category:Substance-related disorders