Somalia

Somalia, officially de Federal Republic of Somalia"Federal Republic of Somalia" (PDF). www.somaliweyn.com. 2 October 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2024. (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية), be country for de Horn of Africa. De country dey share border plus Ethiopia go de west, Djibouti"Somalia". Britannica. Retrieved 11 January 2021. go de northwest, de Gulf of Aden go de north, de Indian Ocean go de east, den Kenya go de southwest. Somalia get de longest coastline for Africa ein mainland."Coastline". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 16 July 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2013. Ein terrain dey consist mainly of plateaus, plains, den highlands."Somalia". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 10 November 2021. Hot conditions dey prevail year-round, plus periodic monsoon winds den irregular rainfall."Somalia – Climate". countrystudies.us. 14 May 2009. Somalia get estimated population of around 17.1 million,"World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022."World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022. wey ova 2 million dey live insyd de capital den largest city Mogadishu, wey dem describe am as Africa ein most culturally homogeneous country.Ismail, AA (2010). Somali state failure: Players, incentives and institutions. What is more puzzling is how this could happen in a country like Somalia, the most homogeneous country in Africa both ethnically, religiously, culturally, and linguisticallyWoldemichael, B (1993). Decentralisation amidst poverty and disunity: The Sudan, 1969–1983. Somalia, the only homogeneous country in Africa – all its people being ethnic Somalis speaking the same language and professing the same religion Around 85% of ein residents be ethnic Somalis, wey historically dem inhabit de country ein north. Ethnic minorities dey largely concentrate insyd de south.Abdullahi 2001, pp. 8–11. De official languages of Somalia be Somali den Arabic. Chaw people for de country insyd be Muslims,"Middle East Policy Council – Muslim Populations Worldwide". Mepc.org. 1 December 2005. Archived from the original on 14 December 2006. Retrieved 27 June 2010. de majority of dem be Sunni.Abdullahi 2001, p. 1.

Somalia ein GDP per capita be one of de world ein lowest, wey edey belong to de least developed country group."LDCs at a Glance | Department of Economic and Social Affairs". www.un.org. Retrieved 12 February 2023. Insyd 2019, Somalia get de lowest HDI for de world insyd, den for de same year insyd, 69% of Somalia ein population dey live below de poverty line."Overview". World Bank. Retrieved 12 February 2023. As of 2023, dem place Somalia de highest insyd de Fragile States Index."Fragile States Index 2023". Fund for Peace. 14 June 2023. Edey maintain informal economy wey mainly dey base for livestock top, remittances from Somalis wey dey job abroad, den telecommunications."Central Bank of Somalia – Economy and Finance". Somalbanca.org. Archived from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2010. Ebe member of de United Nations,"Member States". United Nations. Retrieved 27 August 2021. de Arab League,"Member States". League of Arab States (in Arabic). Retrieved 27 August 2021. African Union,"Member State Profiles". African Union. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2021. Non-Aligned Movement,"Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) | What is the Non-Aligned Movement?". Nuclear Threat Initiative. Retrieved 27 August 2021. East African Community,"Somalia joins East African Community". 24 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023. den de Organisation of Islamic Cooperation."Member States". Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Retrieved 27 August 2021.

 Geography 

 Administrative divisions 
Dem divide Somalia into eighteen regions (gobollada, singular gobol), wey in turn dem subdivide into districts. De regions be:
+Regions of SomaliaRegionArea (km2)PopulationCapitalAwdal21,3741,010,566BoramaBari70,088719,512BosasoNugal26,180392,697GaroweMudug72,933717,863GalkayoGalguduud46,126569,434DusmarebHiran31,510520,685BeledweyneMiddle Shabelle22,663516,036JowharBanaadir3701,650,227MogadishuLower Shabelle25,2851,202,219BarawaTogdheer38,663721,363BuraoBakool26,962367,226XuddurWoqooyi Galbeed28,8361,242,003HargeisaBay35,156792,182BaidoaGedo60,389508,405GarbahaarreeyMiddle Juba9,836362,921Bu'aaleLower Juba42,876489,307KismayoSanaag53,374544,123ErigavoSool25,036327,428Las Anod

 Demographics 

 Urban areas 
Largest cities anaa towns insyd SomaliaRankNameRegionPop.RankNameRegionPop.1MogadishuBanaadir2,610,000"Somalia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 26 June 2021.11Baidoabay144,345"Somalia City & Town Population". www.tageo.com. Retrieved 26 June 2021.2HargeisaWoqooyi Galbeed1,127,00012GalkayoMudug137,6673BuraoTogdheer425,000"Dawladda Hoose ee Burco". www.burao.org. Retrieved 8 February 2024.13AfgooyeLower Shabelle135,0124BeledweyneHiran227,76114QoryoleyLower Shabelle134,2055JowharMiddle Shebelle218,02715JamameLower Juba129,1496BoramaAwdal215,61616BurhakabaBay125,6167MercaLower Shabelle192,93917BalcadMiddle Shabelle120,4348KismayoLower Juba166,66718ErigavoSanaag114,8469BosasoBari164,90619JilibMiddle Juba113,41510WanlaweynLower Shabelle155,64320BardereGedo106,172

 List 
NamePortraitBirth–DeathDem electTake officeLef officePolitical party25x25px • Somali Republic (1960–1969) • 20x20px1Aden Addeframeless1908–200719601 July 196010 June 1967SYL2Abdirashid Shermarkeframeless1919–1969196710 June 196715 October 1969SYL—Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Husseinframeless1912–2012—15 October 196921 October 1969
(Dem depose am)SYL25x25px • Somali Democratic Republic (1969–1991) • 20x20px3Siad BarreAlso styled as President of Supreme Revolutionary Councilframeless1919–19951980
198621 October 196926 January 1991
(Dem depose am)Military / 
SRSP25x25px • Interim Government of Somalia (1991–1997) • 20x20px4Ali Mahdi Muhammad1939–199127 January 19913 January 1997USC5Mohamed Farrah Aidid1934— 19963 January 19951 August 1996Independent6Hussein Farrah Aidid1962 —1 August 199620 March 1998Independent—Somali National Alliance—20 March 19982000Co-Chairmen of National Salvation Council—Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council—200027 August 2000Independent25x25px • Transitional National Government of Somalia (2000–2004) • 20x20px7Mohamed Abshir Muse1926 – 201713 August  200022 August  2000Independent8Abdallah Isaaq Deerow1950–200622 August  200027 August 2000Independent9Abdiqasim Saladframeless1941–200027 August 20001 July 2003Independent10Abdinur Darman1953–1 July 200314 October 2003Independent9Abdiqasim Salad1941–14 October 200314 October 2004Independent25x25px • Transitional Federal Government of Somalia (2004–2012) • 20x20px11Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed 1934–2012200414 October 200429 December 2008Independent12Sharif Sheikh Ahmed1964–5 June 200629June  2006Islamic Courts Union13Hassan Dahir Aweys1935—29 June  200629 December 2006Islamic Courts Union14Aden Madobeframeless1957–—29 December 200831 January 2009RRA12Sharif Sheikh Ahmedframeless1964–200931 January 200920 August 2012ARS25x25px • Federal Republic of Somalia (2012–present) • 20x20px15Muse Hassan Sheikh Sayid Abdulleframeless1939–—20 August 201228 August 2012Independent16Mohamed Osman Jawariframeless1945–2024—28 August 201216 September 2012Independent17Hassan Sheikh Mohamudframeless1955–201216 September 201216 February 2017PDP18Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamedframeless1962–201716 February 201716 February 2021TPP17Hassan Sheikh Mohamudframeless1955–202116 February 202116 February 2022PDP17Hassan Sheikh Mohamudframeless1955–202216 February 20226 June 2022PDP—H.E.Sadia Haji Samatar1955–6 June 202228 August 2022PDP17Hassan Sheikh Mohamudframeless1955–—28 August 2022IncumbentPDP

 References 

Category:Somalia
Category:1960 establishments for Somalia insyd
Category:1960 establishments insyd Africa
Category:Arabic-speaking countries den territories
Category:Countries for Africa insyd
Category:East African countries
Category:Federal republics
Category:Horn African countries
Category:Least developed countries
Category:Member states of de African Union
Category:Member states of de United Nations
Category:Member states of de Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Category:Member states of de Arab League
Category:States den territories dem establish insyd 1960
Category:Countries den territories wer Somali be official language

 Bibliography 

 Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye (2001). Culture and Customs of Somalia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-31333-2.
 Alpers, Edward A. (1976). "Gujarat and the Trade of East Africa, c. 1500–1800". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 9 (1): 22–44. doi:10.2307/217389. JSTOR 217389.
 Gebru Tareke (2009). The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-14163-4.
 Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-46791-7.
 Lecarme, Jacqueline; Maury, Carole (1987). "A Software Tool for Research in Linguistics and Lexicography: Application to Somali". Computers and Translation. 2 (1): 21–36. doi:10.1007/BF01540131. S2CID 6515240.
 Mauri, Arnaldo, Somalia, in G, Dell'Amore (ed.), "Banking Systems of Africa", Cariplo-Finafrica, Milan, 1971, pp. 209–217.Banking Development in Somalia
 Samatar, Said S. (1982). Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-10457-9.
 Schraeder, Peter J. (2006). "From Irredentism to Secession: The Decline of Pan-Somali Nationalism". In Lowell W. Barrington, ed., After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States (pp. 107–137). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-09898-9.
 Shay, Shaul. Somalia in Transition Since 2006. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2014.
 Warmington, Eric Herbert (1995). The Commerce Between the Roman Empire and India. South Asia Books. ISBN 81-215-0670-0.
 Zolberg, Aristide R.; Suhrke, Astri; Aguayo, Sergio (1989). Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-505592-4.
 A. Rosati; A. Tewolde; C. Mosconi (2007). Animal Production and Animal Science Worldwide. Wageningen Academic Pub. p. 169. ISBN 978-90-8686-034-0.

 External links 

 Wikimedia Atlas of Somalia
 Link to >100 maps of all Somali Regions, Districts and neighborhoods of Mogadishu
 Federal Government of Somalia Archived 8 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine
 Somalia. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
 Somalia web resources provided by GovPubs at the University of Colorado Boulder Libraries
 Somalia profile from BBC News