Drug withdrawal

Drug withdrawal, drug withdrawal syndrome, anaa substance withdrawal syndrome be de group of symptoms wey dey occur upon de abrupt discontinuation anaa decrease insyd de intake of pharmaceutical anaa recreational drugs.

In order for de symptoms of withdrawal to occur, one for first develop a form of drug dependence. Dis fi occur as physical dependence, psychological dependence, anaa both. Drug dependence dey develop from consuming one anaa more substances over a period of time.

Dependence dey arise insyd a dose-dependent manner den dey produce withdrawal symptoms wey dey vary plus de type of drug wey be consumed. For example, prolonged use of an antidepressant medication likely be to cause a rada different reaction wen dem discontinue compared to discontinuation of an opioid, such as heroin. Withdrawal symptoms from opiates dey include joint, bone den muscle pain, anxiety, cold sweats, increased heart rate den blood pressure, dilated pupils, vomiting, den diarrhea. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms dey include irritability, fatigue, shaking, sweating, den nausea. Withdrawal from nicotine fi cause irritability, fatigue, insomnia, headache, den difficulty concentrating. Chaw prescription den legal nonprescription substances sanso fi cause withdrawal symptoms wen individuals stop dey consume dem, even if dem be taken as directed by a physician.

De route of administration, whether intravenous, intramuscular, oral, anaa otherwise, sanso fi play a role in determining de severity of withdrawal symptoms. Der be different stages of withdrawal as well; generally, a person go start to feel bad (crash anaa comedown), progress to feeling worse, hit a plateau, den then de symptoms dey begin to dissipate. However, withdrawal from certain drugs (barbiturates, benzodiazepines, alcohol, glucocorticoids) fi be fatal. While e be seldom fatal to de user, withdrawal from opiates (den sam oda drugs) fi cause cardiac arrest insyd sam cases, den miscarriages secof fetal withdrawal. Dem dey use de term "cold turkey" to describe de sudden cessation of use of a substance den de ensuing physiologic manifestations.

De symptoms from withdrawal fi be even more dramatic wen de drug mask prolonged malnutrition, disease, chronic pain, infections (common insyd intravenous drug use), anaa sleep deprivation, conditions wey drug abusers often dey develop as a secondary consequence of de drug. Wen dem remove de drug, dese conditions fi resurface den be confused plus withdrawal symptoms. Genes wey encode give de alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor dey affect nicotine den alcohol withdrawal symptoms.

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Category:Drug rehabilitation
Category:Substance-related disorders
Category:Withdrawal syndromes