Betel nut chewing

Betel nut chewing, dem sanso call betel quid chewing anaa areca nut chewing, be a practice insyd wich areca nuts (dem sanso call "betel nuts") be chewed togeda plus slaked lime den betel leaves for dema stimulant den narcotic effects, de primary psychoactive compound be arecoline. De practice be widespread insyd Southeast Asia, Micronesia, Island Melanesia, den South Asia. E sanso be found among both Han Chinese immigrants den indigenous peoples of Taiwan, Madagascar, den parts of southern China. Na dem introduce am to de Caribbean insyd colonial times.

De preparation dey combine de areca nut, slaked lime, den betel (Piper betle) leaves be known as a betel quid (dem sanso call paan anaa pan insyd South Asia), buh de exact composition of de mixture dey vary geographically. E sam times fi include oda substances for flavoring den to freshen de breath, like coconut, dates, sugar, menthol, saffron, cloves, aniseed, cardamom, den chaw odas. De areca nut fi be replaced plus tobacco anaa dem chew de two togeda, wey de betel leaves fi be excluded. Insyd West Papua, de leaf fi be replaced plus stem den inflorescence of de Piper betle plant. Dem no dey swallow de preparation buh dem dey spit am out after chewing. Chewing dey result in permanent red stains on de teeth after prolonged use. De spit from chewing betel nuts, wich sanso dey result in red stains, often be regarded as unhygienic den an eyesore insyd public facilities insyd certain countries.

Betel nut chewing be addictive den dey cause adverse health effects, mainly oral den esophageal cancers, den cardiovascular disease. Wen na dem chew am plus additional tobacco insyd ein preparation (like insyd gutka), der be an even higher risk, especially for oral den oropharyngeal cancers. Plus tobacco e sanso dey raise de risk of fatal coronary artery disease, fatal stroke, den adverse reproductive effects wey dey include stillbirth, premature birth den low birth weight.

De practice of betel nut chewing dey originate from Southeast Asia wer de plant ingredients be native. Na dem find de oldest evidence of betel nut chewing insyd a burial pit insyd de Duyong Cave site of de Philippines, an area wer na areca palms be native, dem date to around 4,630±250 BP. Ein diffusion closely be tied to de Neolithic expansion of de Austronesian peoples. Na dem spread am to de Indo-Pacific during prehistoric times, wey e reach Micronesia at 3,500 to 3,000 BP, Near Oceania at 3,400 to 3,000 BP; South India den Sri Lanka by 3,500 BP; Mainland Southeast Asia by 3,000 to 2,500 BP; Northern India by 1500 BP; den Madagascar by 600 BP. From India na e spread westwards to Persia den de Mediterranean. Na e be present insyd de Lapita culture, based on archaeological remains dem date from 3,600 to 2,500 BP, buh na dem no carry am into Polynesia. 

 References 

 External links 

 Nutritional composition of paan (archived 1 April 2011)


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