Methylene blue

Methylene blue, dem sanso know am as methylthioninium chloride, be a medication den dye. As a medication, dem mainly dey use am treat methemoglobinemia. Specifically, dem dey use take treat methemoglobin levels wey be greater dan 30% anaa insyd wich der be symptoms despite oxygen therapy. Na dem dey use am previously for cyanide poisoning den urinary tract infections, buh dis use no longer be recommended. 

Dem typically dey give am by injection into a vein. Common side effects dey include headache, nausea, den vomiting.

Na dem first prepare Methylene blue insyd 1876, by Heinrich Caro. E dey for de World Health Organization ein List of Essential Medicines top.

 Side effects 
CardiovascularCentral nervous systemDermatologicGastrointestinalGenito-urinaryHematologic Hypertension
 Precordial pain Dizziness
 Mental confusion
 Headache
 Fever Staining of skin
 Injection site necrosis (SC) Fecal discoloration
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Abdominal pain Discoloration of urine (doses over 80 μg)
 Bladder irritation Anemia
Methylene blue be a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) wey, if dem infuse am intravenously for doses wey dey exceed 5 mg/kg, fi result insyd serotonin syndrome if dem combined plus any selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) anaa oda serotonergic drugs (e.g., duloxetine, sibutramine, venlafaxine, clomipramine, imipramine).

 Chemistry 
Methylene blue be a formal derivative of phenothiazine. E be a dark green powder wey dey yield a blue solution insyd water. De hydrated form get 3 molecules of water per unit of methylene blue.

 Preparation 
Dem dey prepare dis compound by oxidation of 4-aminodimethylaniline insyd de presence of sodium thiosulfate make e give de quinonediiminothiosulfonic acid, reaction plus dimethylaniline, oxidation to de indamine, den cyclization make e give de thiazine:

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A green electrochemical procedure, wey dey use dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine per wey na dem propose sulfide ions.

 Light absorption properties 
SpeciesAbsorption peakExtinction coefficient (dm3/mol·cm)MB+ (solution)66495000MBH2+ (solution)74176000(MB+)2 (solution)605132000(MB+)3 (solution)580110000MB+ (adsorbed on clay)673116000MBH2+ (adsorbed on clay)76386000(MB+)2 (adsorbed on clay)59680000(MB+)3 (adsorbed on clay)570114000

References

 External links 




Category:Antidotes
Category:Genetics techniques
Category:Histology
Category:Redox indicators
Category:Thiazine dyes
Category:Vital stains
Category:World Health Organization essential medicines
Category:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Category:Phenothiazines
Category:Chlorides
Category:Dimethylamino compounds
Category:Translated from MDWiki