Léopold Sédar Senghor

Léopold Sédar Senghor (/sɒŋˈɡɔːr/; French: [sɑ̃ɡɔʁ]; 9 October 1906 – 20 December 2001) na he be Senegalese politician, cultural theorist den poet wey serve as de first presido of Senegal from 1960 to 1980.

Ideologically an African socialist, na Senghor be one of de major theoreticians of Négritude. Na he be a proponent of African culture, black identity, den African empowerment within de framework of French-African ties. Na he advocate for de extension of full civil den political rights for France ein African territories while he dey argue dat French Africans go be better off within a federal French structure dan as independent nation-states.

Senghor cam turn de first presido of independent Senegal. He fall out plus ein long-standing associate Mamadou Dia, wey na he be de prime minister of Senegal, wey he arrest am on suspicion of he dey foment a coup wey he imprison am for 12 years. Senghor establish an authoritarian one-party state insyd Senegal wer na he prohibit all rival political parties.

Na Senghor be de founder of de Senegalese Democratic Bloc party insyd 1948. Na he be de first African dem elect as a member of de Académie française wey he win de 1985 International Nonino Prize insyd Italy. Dem dey regard Senghor by chaw people as one of de most important African intellectuals of de 20th century.

 Global policy 
Na he be one of de signatories of de agreement make dem convene a convention for drafting a world constitution. As a result, for de first time insyd human history, dem convene a World Constituent Assembly make dem draft den adopt de Constitution for the Federation of Earth.

Honours den awards
Senghor receive several honours insyd de course of ein life. Na dem make am Grand-Croix of de Légion d'honneur, Grand-Croix of de l'Ordre national du Mérite, commander of arts den letters. He sanso receive academic palms den de Grand Cross of de National Order of the Lion. Ein war exploits earn am de Reconnaissance Franco-alliée Medal of 1939–1945 den de Combattant Cross of 1939–1945. He receive honorary doctorates from thirty-seven universities.

Senghor receive de Commemorative Medal of de 2500th Anniversary of de founding of de Persian Empire for 14 October 1971.

For 13 November 1978, he wna dem create am a Knight of de Collar of de Order of Isabella de Catholic of Spain. Members of de order at de rank of Knight den above dey enjoy personal nobility wey dem get de privilege of adding a golden heraldic mantle to dema coats of arms. Those at de rank of de Collar sanso receive de official style "His or Her Most Excellent Lord".article 13, Reglamento de la Orden Isabella la Católica (1998)Boletín Oficial del Estado.

Dat same year, Senghor receive an honoris causa from de University of Salamanca.

Insyd 1983, na dem award am de Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize by de University of Tübingen.Peter L. Berger, Dialog zwischen religiosen Traditionen in einem Zeitalter der Relativitat, Mohr-Siebeck, 2011. .

De Senghor French Language International University, na dem officially gbele am insyd Alexandria insyd 1990 dem name am after am.

Insyd 1994, na dem award am de Lifetime Achievement Award by de African Studies Association; however, na controversy dey about whether he meet de standard of contributing "a lifetime record of outstanding scholarship in African studies and service to the Africanist community.""Distinguished Africanist Award 2009" African Studies Association. Michael Mbabuike, presido of de New York African Studies Association (NYASA), claim say de award sanso dey honour those wey na dem work "to make the world a better place for mankind."Bensaid, Alexandra, and Andrew Whitehead (1995), "Literature: Award to Senghor Triggers Debate" IPS-Inter Press Service, 18 April 1995, accessed via the commercial service Lexis/Nexis, 30 December 2008.

Dem rename de airport of Dakar Aéroport International Léopold Sédar Senghor insyd 1996, for ein 90th birthday.

Dem rename de Passerelle Solférino insyd Paris after am insyd 2006, for de centenary of ein birth.

Acknowledgement
 Member of de Académie française
 Member of de Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques
 Member of de Bayerische Akademie der Schönen Künste
 Member of de Royal Academy of Morocco
 Honorary Fellow of de Sahitya AkademiGeorge, Rosemary Marangoly (2013), Indian English and the Fiction of National Literature, Cambridge University Press, p. 144, ISBN 978-1-107-04000-7 Quote: Poet, President of Senegal, and theorist of “Négritude” Leopold Sangor was elected the first Honorary Fellow of the Sahitya Akademi in 1974. This group was to complement the category of “Fellows of the Akademi” whose number was at no time to exceed twenty-one in total and who were to be living Indian writers of undisputed excellence — “the immortals of literature.”

Honorary degrees
 Mzuzu University
 Paris-Sorbonne University
 Harvard University
 Yale University
 University of Oxford
 Université catholique de Louvain
 Université de Montréal
 Université Laval
 Goethe University Frankfurt
 University of Vienna
 University of Salzburg
 Paris Descartes University
 University of Bordeaux
 University of Strasbourg
 Nancy 2 University
 University of Padua
 University of Salamanca
 University of Évora
 Federal University of Bahia

 Summary of Orders he receive 
 Senegalese national honours 
 Ribbon bar  Honour  SEN Order of the Lion - Grand Cross BAR|70px Grand Master & Collar of de National Order of the Lion Order of Merit - Grand Cross (Senegal) - ribbon bar|70px Grand Master & Collar of de National Order of Merit

Foreign honours
 Ribbon bar  Country  Honour FIN Order of the White Rose Grand Cross BAR|70px  Finland  Grand Cross of de Order of the White Rose of Finland 70px  France  Grand Cross of de National Order of de Legion of Honour 70px  France  Grand Cross of de National Order of Merit Palmes academiques Commandeur ribbon|70px  France  Commander of de Ordre des Palmes académiques (Officer: 13 October 1947) Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Commandeur ribbon|70px  France  Commander of de Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Croix du Combattant (1930 France) ribbon|70px  France  Volunteer combatant's cross 25th Anniversary Medal 1971|70px  Iran  Commemorative Medal of de 2,500 year celebration of de Persian Empire 70px  Italy  Knight Grand Cross plus Collar Order of Merit of de Italian Republic 70px  Morocco  First Class of de Order of Intellectual Merit PRT Order of Saint James of the Sword - Grand Collar BAR|70px  Portugal  Grand Collar of de Military Order of Saint James of the Sword 70px  South Korea  Grand Cross of de Grand Order of Mugunghwa 70px  Spain  Knight of de Collar of de Order of Isabella the Catholic Order of the Republic (Tunisia) - ribbon bar|70px  Tunisia  Grand Cordon of de Order of the Republic TN Order Merit Rib|70px  Tunisia Grand Collar of de National Order of Merit of Tunisia 70px  Vatican  Knight of de Order of Pope Pius IX70x70pxYugoslaviaGreat Star of de Order of de Yugoslav Star

Senghor ein works
 Prière aux masques (c. 1935 – dem publish insyd collected works during de 1940s).
 Chants d'ombre (1945)
 Hosties noires (1948)
 Anthologie de la nouvelle poésie nègre et malgache (1948)
 La Belle Histoire de Leuk-le-Lièvre (1953)
 Éthiopiques (1956)
 Nocturnes (1961). (English tr. by Clive Wake and John O. Reed, Nocturnes, London: Heinemann Educational, 1969. African Writers Series 71)
 Nation et voie africaine du socialisme (1961)
 Pierre Teilhard de Chardin et la politique africaine (1962)
 Poèmes (1964).
 Lettres de d'hivernage (1973)
 Élégies majeures (1979)
 La Poésie de l'action: conversation avec Mohamed Aziza (1980)
 Ce que je crois (1988)

 References 

 Read further 

 Armand Guibert & Seghers Nimrod (2006), Léopold Sédar Senghor, Paris (1961 edition by Armand Guibert).
 Sources from this article were taken from the equivalent French article :fr:Léopold Sédar Senghor.


External links

Wikimedia Commons get media wey relate to Léopold Sédar Senghor.
 Biography and guide to collected works: African Studies Centre, Leiden
 Histoire des Signares de Gorée du 17ie au 19ie siécle. Poèmes de Léopold Sédar Senghor
 Biographie par l'Assemblée nationale
 Biographie par l'Academie française
 President Dia by William Mbaye (2012, english version) – Youtube – Political documentary – 1957 to 1963 in Senegal (55')
 Sangonet
 Préface par Léopold Sédar Senghor à l'ouvrage collectif sur Le Nouvel Ordre Économique Mondiale édité par Hans Köchler (1980) (facsimilé)
 Semaine spéciale Senghor à l'occasion du centenaire de sa naissance
 Texte sur le site de Sudlangues Mamadou Cissé, "De l'assimilation à l'appropriation: essai de glottopolitique senghorienne»
 Page on the French National Assembly website
 « Racisme? Non, mais Alliance Spirituelle »
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