Al-Aqsa

Al-Aqsa (/æl ˈæksə/; Arabic: الأَقْصَى, romanized: Al-Aqṣā) anaa al-Masjid al-Aqṣā (Arabic: المسجد الأقصى) be de compound of Islamic religious buildings wey dey sit atop de Temple Mount, dem sanso know as de Haram al-Sharif, insyd de Old City of Jerusalem, wey dey include de Dome of de Rock, chaw mosques den prayer halls, madrasas, zawiyas, khalwas den oda domes and religious structures, as well as de four encircling minarets. Dem consider am de third holiest site insyd Islam. De compound ein main congregational mosque anaa prayer hall be variously known as Al-Aqsa Mosque, Qibli Mosque anaa al-Jāmiʿ al-Aqṣā, while insyd sam sources dem sanso know am as al-Masjid al-Aqṣā; de wider compound be sam times known as Al-Aqsa Mosque compound so say e go avoid confusion.

 Definition 


De English term "Al-Aqsa Mosque" be de translation of both al-Masjid al-Aqṣā () den Jāmiʿ al-Aqṣā (), wich get distinct Islamic meanings insyd Arabic. De former (al-Masjid al-Aqṣā) dey refer to de Quran ein Surah 17 – "de farthest mosque" – traditionally dey refer to de entirety of de Temple Mount compound, while dem use de latter name (Jāmiʿ al-Aqṣā) specifically for de silver-domed congregational mosque building. Arabic den Persian writers such as 10th-century geographer al-Muqaddasi, 11th-century scholar Nasir Khusraw, 12th-century geographer al-Idrisi Also at  den 15th-century Islamic scholar Mujir al-Din, and also  as well as 19th-century American den British Orientalists Edward Robinson, Guy Le Strange den Edward Henry Palmer explain say de term Masjid al-Aqsa dey refer to de entire esplanade plaza dem sanso know as de Temple Mount anaa Haram al-Sharif ('Noble Sanctuary') – i.e. de entire area wey dey include de Dome of the Rock, de fountains, de gates, den de four minarets – secof na none of dese buildings exist for de time na dem wrep de Quran. Al-Muqaddasi refer to de southern building (de subject of dis article) as Al Mughattâ ("de covered-part") den Nasir Khusraw refer to am plus de Persian word Pushish (sanso be de "covered part," exactly as "Al Mughatta") anaa de Maqsurah (a part-for-the-whole synecdoche).

During de period of MamlukSt Laurent, B., & Awwad, I. (2013). The Marwani Musalla in Jerusalem: New Findings. Jerusalem Quarterly. (1250–1517) den Ottoman rule (1517–1917), na de wider compound sanso begin say ebe popularly known as de Haram al-Sharif, anaa al-Ḥaram ash-Sharīf (), wich dey translate as de "Noble Sanctuary". E dey mirror de terminology of de Masjid al-Haram insyd Mecca; na dis term elevate de compound to de status of Haram, wich na previously dem reserve am for de Masjid al-Haram insyd Mecca den de Al-Masjid an-Nabawi insyd Medina per. Oda Islamic figures dispute de haram status of de site. Na usage of de name Haram al-Sharif by local Palestinians wane insyd recent decades, in favor of de traditional name of Al-Aqsa Mosque.

 History 

 Umayyad period 
Insyd 637, de Rashidun Caliphate under Umar, de father-in-law of de Islamic prophet Muhammad, besiege den capture Jerusalem from de Byzantine Empire. Der be no contemporary records, buh chaw traditions, about de origin of de main Islamic buildings for de Temple Mount. Na a popular account from later centuries be say na dem lead Umar to de place reluctantly by de Christian patriarch Sophronius. Na he find am dem cover am plus rubbish, buh na dem find de sacred Rock plus de help of a Jew wey convert, Ka'b al-Ahbar. Al-Ahbar advise Umar make he build a mosque to de north of de rock, so say worshippers go face both de rock den Mecca, buh instead Umar choose make he build am to de south of de rock. E cam be known as al-Aqsa Mosque. According to Muslim sources, na Jews participate insyd de construction of de haram, wey dem dey lay de groundwork for both al-Aqsa den de Dome of de Rock mosques.Yehoshua Frenkel, 'Jerusalem', in Abdelwahab Meddeb, Benjamin Stora (eds.), A History of Jewish-Muslim Relations: From the Origins to the Present Day, Princeton University Press, 2013 p.108. De first known eyewitness testimony be dat of de pilgrim Arculf wey visit about 670. According to Arculf ein account as Adomnán record, na he see a rectangular wooden house of prayer dem build over sam ruins, large enough make e hold 3,000 people.


 Abbasid period 
Na de Abbasids generally exhibit little interest insyd Jerusalem, though de historian Shelomo Dov Goitein dey notes dem "paid special tribute" to de city during de early part of dema rule, wey Grabar dey assert dat de early Abbasids dema work for de mosque dey suggest "a major attempt to assert Abbasid sponsorship of holy places". Nevertheless, for contrast to de Umayyad period, maintenance of de al-Aqsa Mosque during Abbasid rule often cam for de initiative of de local Muslim community, rather dan from de caliph. De second Abbasid caliph, al-Mansur (r. 754–775), visit Jerusalem insyd 758, for ein return from de Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca. Na he find de structures for de Haram in ruins from de 746 earthquake, wey dey include de al-Aqsa Mosque. According to de tradition wey Mujir al-Din cite, na dem beseech de caliph by de city ein Muslim residents make he fund de buildings dema restoration. For response, na he get de gold den silver plaques wey dey cover de mosque ein doors dem convert go dinars den dirhams make he finance de reconstruction.

 Fatimid period 
Insyd 970, de Egypt-based Fatimid Caliphate conquer Palestine from de Ikhshidids, nominal allegiants of de Abbasids. Unlike de Abbasids den de Muslim inhabitants of Jerusalem, wey na dem be Sunnis, de Fatimids follow Shia Islam insyd ein Isma'ili form. Insyd 1033, anoda earthquake severely damage de mosque. De Fatimid caliph al-Zahir (r. 1021–1036) make dem reconstruct de mosque between 1034 deb 1036, though na dem no plete de til 1065, during de reign of Caliph al-Mustansir (r. 1036–1094).

Na de new mosque be considerably smaller, dem reduce from fifteen aisles to seven, probably a reflection of de local population ein significant decline by dis time.Dey exclude de two aisles for each side of de central nave, na dem make up each aisle of eleven arches wey dey run perpendicular to de qibla. Na de central nave be twice de breadth of de oda aisles wey e get a gabled roof plus a dome.Na de mosque likely lack de side doors of ein predecessor.


 Crusader/Ayyubid/Mamluk period 
Na de Crusaders capture Jerusalem insyd 1099, during de First Crusade. Na dem name de mosque Templum Solomonis (Solomon's Temple), wey dem distinguish am from de Dome of de Rock, wich na dem name Templum Domini (Temple of God). While na dem turn de Dome of de Rock into a Christian church under de care of de Augustinians,Pringle, 1993, p. 403. na dem use de Qibli mosque as a royal palace wey e sanso be as a stable give horses. Insyd 1119, na de Crusader king accommodate de headquarters of de Knights Templar next to ein palace within de building.Boas, 2001, p. 91. Na dis be probably by Baldwin II of Jerusalem den Warmund, Patriarch of Jerusalem for de Council of Nablus insyd January 1120. During dis period, na de building undergo sam structural changes, wey dey include de expansion of ein northern porch, den de addition of an apse den a dividing wall. Na dem sanso build a new cloister den church for de site, along plus various oda structures. De Templars construct vaulted western den eastern annexes to de building; de western currently dey serve as de women's mosque den de eastern as de Islamic Museum.Ma'oz, Moshe and Nusseibeh, Sari. (2000). Jerusalem: Points of Friction, and Beyond BRILL. pp. 136–138. . De Temple Mount get a mystique secof ebe above wat na dem believe to be de ruins of de Temple of Solomon.The History Channel, Decoding the Past: The Templar Code, 7 November 2005, video documentary written by Marcy Marzuni.Barber, The New Knighthood, p. 7.


 Early modern period 
After de Ottomans assume power insyd 1517, dem no undertake any major renovations anaa repairs to de mosque einself, buh dem do to de Noble Sanctuary as a whole. Na dis include dem build de Fountain of Qasim Pasha (1527), wey dem restore de Pool of Raranj, wey dem build three free-standing domes—de most notable be de Dome of de Prophet dem build insyd 1538. Na all construction be ordered by de Ottoman governors of Jerusalem wey e no be de sultans demaselves.Al-Aqsa Guide Archived 6 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine Friends of Al-Aqsa 2007. Na de sultans make additions to existing minarets, however.

Insyd 1816, na de mosque be restored by Governor Sulayman Pasha al-Adil after na e be insyd a dilapidated state.

 British Mandate period 
Between 1922 den 1924, na dem restore de Dome of de Rock den Qibli Mosque by de Supreme Muslim Council,"Hashemite Restorations of the Islamic Holy Places in Jerusalem" Archived 2008-02-23 at the Wayback Machine, Jordanian government website. under Amin al-Husayni (de Grand Mufti of Jerusalem), wey commission Turkish architect Ahmet Kemalettin Bey make he restore al-Aqsa Mosque den de monuments insyd ein precincts. De council sanso commission British architects, Egyptian engineering experts den local officials make dem contribute to den oversee de repairs den additions wich na dem carry out insyd 1924–25 by Kemalettin. De renovations include reinforcing de mosque ein ancient Umayyad foundations, wey dey rectify de interior columns, wey dey replace de beams, wey dey erect a scaffolding, wey dey conserve de arches den drum of de main dome ein interior, wey dey rebuild de southern wall, den dey replace timber insyd de central nave plus a slab of concrete. De renovations sanso reveal Fatimid-era mosaics den inscriptions for de interior arches wey na ebe covered plus plasterwork. Na dem decorate de arches plus gold den green-tinted gypsum wey na dem replace dema timber tie beams plus brass. Na dem sanso carefully renew a quarter of de stained glass windows also so as make e preserve dema original Abbasid den Fatimid designs.Yuvaz, 1996, pp. 149–153.

 After 1948 

Since 1948, na de Al-Aqsa Mosque compound dey under de custodianship of de Hashemite rulers of Jordan, dem administer thru de Jerusalem Waqf, de current version of wich na ebe instituted by Jordan after ein conquest den occupation of de West Bank, wey dey include East Jerusalem, during de 1948 war. De Jerusalem Waqf remain under Jordanian control after Israel occupy de Old City of Jerusalem during de Six-Day War of June 1967, though control over access to de site pass to Israel.

Jordan undertake two renovations of de Dome of de Rock, wey dey replace de leaking, wooden inner dome plus an aluminum dome insyd 1952, den, wen de new dome leak, dem carry out a second restoration between 1959 den 1964.


 Buildings den architecture 

De entire precinct anaa courtyard (sahn) of de Al-Aqsa Mosque compound fi host more dan 400,000 worshippers, wey dey make am one of de largest mosques insyd de world. De compound dey comprise chaw buildings, wey dey include de Dome of de Rock, Qibli Mosque, four encircling minarets, various oda domed shrines den de entry gates.

 Dome of de Rock 
De Dome of de Rock be de gold-domed Islamic shrine for de center of de Al-Aqsa Mosque compound. Na ein initial construction be undertaken by de Umayyad Caliphate for de orders of Abd al-Malik during de Second Fitna insyd 691–692 CE. De original dome collapse insyd 1015 wey na dem rebuild am insyd 1022–23. De Dome of de Rock be de world ein oldest surviving work of Islamic architecture, wey na dem model ein architecture den mosaics after nearby Byzantine churches den palaces, although na dem change ein outsyd appearance significantly during de Ottoman period den again insyd de modern period, notably plus de addition of de gold-plated roof, insyd 1959–61 den again insyd 1993. De octagonal plan of de structure fi be influenced by de Byzantine-era Church of de Seat of Mary (dem sanso know as Kathisma insyd Greek den al-Qadismu insyd Arabic), wich na dem build between 451 den 458 for de road between Jerusalem den Bethlehem.

De dome dey sit on a slightly raised platform access by eight staircases, each of wich dem top by a free-standing arcade dem know insyd Arabic as de qanatir anaa mawazin. Na dem erect de arcades insyd different periods from de 10th to 15th centuries.

 Architecture 
De Dome of de Rock ein structure be basically octagonal. Dem cap am for ein centre by a dome, approximately  for diameter insyd, dem mount for an elevated circular drum wey dey stand for 16 supports (4 tiers den 12 columns). Surrounding dis circle be an octagonal arcade of 24 piers den columns. De octagonal arcade den de inner circular drum create an inner ambulatorium wey dey encircle de holy rock. De outer walls sanso be octagonal. Dem each dey measure approximately  wide den  high. De outer dem inner octagon create a second, outer ambulatorium wey dey surround de inner one. Both de circular drum den de exterior walls dey contain chaw windows.

 Encircling archways 
Surrounding de Dome of de Rock, for de top of each of de eight flights of stairs up onto de platform for wich e dey tap, be eight freestanding sets of archways dem call "Al-Mawazin", each be supported by 2 to 4 columns, dem set between two pilasters.

E be likely dat sam of de archways dey date back to de period of de construction of de Dome of de Rock wey na dem fi be an integral part of ein initial construction plan. For particular, dem dey think say de four arcades wey dey face de four entrances dem build at de same time as de dome.

 Al-Aqsa/Qibli Mosque 
De Al-Aqsa Mosque anaa Qibli Mosque be de main congregational mosque prayer hall of de Al-Aqsa Mosque compound, plus capacity for around 5,000 worshippers. Na dem destroy am den rebuild am chaw times.

 Facade 
Na dem build de facade of de mosque insyd 1065 CE for de instructions of de Fatimid caliph al-Mustansir Billah. Na dem crown am plus a balustrade wey dey consist of arcades den small columns. De Crusaders damage de facade, buh na ebe restored den renovated by de Ayyubids. Na one addition be de covering of de facade plus tiles.Ma'oz, Moshe and Nusseibeh, Sari. (2000). Jerusalem: Points of Friction, and Beyond BRILL. pp. 136–138. . De second-hand material of de facade ein arches dey include sculpted, ornamental material dem take from Crusader structures insyd Jerusalem.Hillenbrand, Carolle. (2000). The Crusades: The Islamic Perspective Archived 15 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine Routeledge, p. 382 . De facade dey consist of fourteen stone arches, chaw of wich be of a Romanesque style. De outer arches dem add by de Mamluks dey follow de same general design. De entrance to de mosque be thru de facade ein central arch.Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem Archived 24 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine Sacred Destinations.

 Interior 
De al-Aqsa Mosque get seven aisles of hypostyle naves plus chaw additional small halls to de west den east of de southern section of de building.Al-Aqsa Mosque Archived 3 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine Archnet Digital Library. Der be 121 stained glass windows insyd de mosque from de Abbasid den Fatimid eras. Na dem restore about a fourth of dem insyd 1924.Yuvaz, 1996, pp. 149–153. De spandrels of de arch opposite de main entrance dey include a mosaic decoration den inscription wey dey date back to Fatimid period.The Encyclopaedia of Islam; By H. A. R. Gibb, E. van Donzel, P. J. Bearman, J. van Lent; p.151

 Minbar 
Na de minbar of de mosque be built by a craftsman dem name Akhtarini from Aleppo for de orders of de Zengid sultan Nur ad-Din. Na dem intend am say e be a gift for de mosque wen Nur ad-Din go capture Jerusalem from de Crusaders wey e take six years make dem build (1168–74). Nur ad-Din die wey de Crusaders still controll Jerusalem, buh insys 1187, Saladin capture de city wey na dem install de minbar. Na dem make de structure of ivory den carefully crafted wood. Na dem inscribe Arabic calligraphy, geometrical den floral designs insyd de woodwork.Oweis, Fayeq S. (2002) The Elements of Unity in Islamic Art as Examined Through the Work of Jamal Badran Archived 15 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine Universal-Publishers, pp. 115–117. .

 Al-Marwani Mosque 
De Marwani Mosque be anoda Islamic prayer hall wey situate insyd a large vaulted space beneath de main level of de southeastern corner of de compound, buh still above de bedrock den within de enclosing walls of de Temple Mount. E be colloquially known as Solomon's Stables.

De mosque dey consist of three hallways, de first of wich dey act as de main entrance, de second hallway wich dey serve as de prayer hall plus room for 4,000 worshippers, den a third wich be closed off plus stone. De whole structure be supported by 16 stone columns wey ebe de largest roofed space within de Al-Aqsa Mosque compound. De Jerusalem Islamic Waqf acquire a permit make dem use Solomon's Stables insyd 1996 as an alternative place of worship for occasional rainy days of de holy month of Ramadan.

 Oda domed structures 

 Dome of de Ascension 
De Dome of the Ascension be a free-standing domed structure dem build by de Umayyads wey dey stand just north de Dome of de Rock wey dey commemorate de Islamic Prophet Muhammad ein ascension (al-Miʿrāj) to heaven, according to Islamic tradition.

Na de original edifice be probably built by either de Umayyads anaa de Abbasids (samtime between 7th-10th centuries), while na de current edifice be built by de Ayyubid governor of Jerusalem, Izz ad-Din az-Zanjili, insyd 1200 anaa 1201 (during Sultan Al-Adil I ein reign de bro of Saladin Al-AyyubiAl-Jallad, I. (2017). معالم المسجد الأقصى تحت المجهر [Al-Aqsa Mosque landmarks under the microscope]. Baytul Maqdis Center for Literature.). An Arabic inscription date to 1200 anaa 1201 (597 AH) wey dey describe am as renovated den rededicated as a waqf.Simon Sebag Montefiore, Jerusalem: The Biography, p. 276.

Na de dome no exist insyd de Crusader era, as na e no be described by Crusader travelers during dema visit to de mosque during de Crusader occupation period, wey na der be no mention of de presence of a dome west of de Dome of de Rock.وصف الأماكن المقدسة في فلسطين للرحالة الألماني ثيودريش [Description of the Holy Places in Palestine by the German traveler Theodoric] (S. Al-Bishawy & R. Shaheen, Trans.). (2003). Dar Al-Shorok for publication and distribution. De Ayyubid inscription dey talk about rebuilding a dome after ein disappearance, guided by de information dem find insyd history books,Al-Jallad, I. (2017). معالم المسجد الأقصى تحت المجهر [Al-Aqsa Mosque landmarks under the microscope]. Baytul Maqdis Center for Literature. plus de use of sam Crusader materials.


 Dome of de Chain 
De Dome of de Chain be a free-standing domed structure wey locate adjacently east of de Dome of de Rock, den ein exact historical use den significance be a matter of scholarly debate, buh historical sources dey indicate na dem build am under de reign of Abd al-Malik, de same Umayyad caliph wey build de Dome of de Rock. Dem erect am insyd 691–92 CE,Pringle (1993), pp. 182–185 de Dome of de Chain be one of de oldest surviving structures for de al-Aqsa Mosque compound.Archnet: Qubba al-Silsila

Na ebe built by de Umayyads, wey e cam turn a Christian chapel under de Crusaders, before dem restore am as an Islamic prayer house by de Ayyubids. Na ebe then renovated by de Mamluks, Ottomans den de Jordanian-based waqf.

De building dey consist of a domed structure plus two concentric open arcades, plus no lateral walls wey dey close insyd am. De dome, wey dey rest on a hexagonal drum, dem make am of timber wey ebe supported by six columns wich togeda dey create de inner arcade. De second, outer row of eleven columns dey create an eleven-sided outer arcade. De qibla wall dey contain de mihrab anaa prayer niche wey ebe flanked by two smaller columns.Pringle (1993), pp. 182–185 Der be a total of seventeen columns insyd de structure, wey dey exclude de mihrab.Murphy-O'Connor (2008), p. 97


 Dome of al-Khalili 
De Dome of al-Khalili be a small domed-building wey locate north of de Dome of de Rock. Na dem build de Dome of al-Khalili insyd de early 18th century during Ottoman rule of Palestine for dedication to Shaykh Muhammad al-Khalili, a scholar of fiqh wey die insyd 1734.Al-Aqsa Guide Archived October 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Al-Aqsa Friends 2007.


 Dome of de Prophet 
De Dome of de Prophet be a free-standing dome wey locate for de northwest part of de elevated platform wer de Dome of de Rock dey stand near de Dome of de Ascension.


 Dome of de Spirits 
De Dome of de Spirits, anaa possibly "Dome of de Winds", be a small dome wey dey stand to de north of de Dome of de Rock wey ebe dated to de 16th century. E fi be associated plus de proximity of de Well of Souls, wer, according to legend, de souls of de dead go be gathered for prayer for de day of judgment.

Na dem probably build am during Umayyad period secof Ibn al-Faqih al-Hamadani (3-4H/9-10th century) insyd ein Mukhtasar Kitab al-Buldan mention dat na der be a dome insyd al-Aqsa enclave dem call Kubbat Jibril (Dome of Gabriel). Wey na dem bell am Kubbat al-Ruh den Kubbat al-Arvah (Dome of de Spirits). Na dem probably rebuild am during de 10th century AH/16th century AC during de Ottoman period.


 Dome of Yusuf 
De Dome of Yusuf be a free-standing domed structure wey Saladin (born Yusuf) build insyd de 12th century, wey na dem renovate am chaw times. E dey bear inscriptions from de 12th den 17th centuries: one date 1191 insyd Saladin ein name, den two dey mention Yusuf Agha, possibly a governor of Jerusalem anaa a eunuch insyd de Ottoman imperial palace.Qubbat Yusuf Archived August 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Archnet Digital Library.Al-Aqsa Guide Friends of al-Aqsa 2007. Archived December 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine 


 Dome of Yusuf Agha 
De Dome of Yusuf Agha be a small square building insyd de courtyard between de Islamic Museum den al-Aqsa Mosque (al-Qibli).

Na dem build am insyd 1681 wey e dey commemorate Yusuf Agha, wey sanso endow de Dome of Yusuf, a smaller den more intricate-looking structure about  to de north. Na dem convert am insyd de 1970s into a ticket office.

 Oda examples 
Insyd de southwest corner of de upper platform be a quadrangular structure wich dey include a portion dem top by anoda dome. Ebe known as de Dome of Literature (Qubba Nahwiyya insyd Arabic) wey dey date to 1208. Dey stand further east, close to one of de southern entrance arcades, be a stone minbar dem know as de "Summer Pulpit" anaa Minbar of Burhan al-Din, dem use for open-air prayers. E dey appear to be an older ciborium from de Crusader period, as dem attest by ein sculptural decoration, wich na then dem reuse under de Ayyubids. Sam time after 1345, a Mamluk judge name Burhan al-Din (d. 1388) restore am wey he add a stone staircase, wey dey give am ein present form.

 Minarets 
De mosque compound get four minarets, plus three along de western perimeter of de esplanade den one along de northern wall. Dese be de Ghawanima Minaret, Bab al Silsila Minaret, Fakhriyya Minaret den Bab al-Asbat Minaret. Na dem construct de earliest dated minaret for de northwest corner of de Temple Mount insyd 1298, plus three oda minarets dem add over de course of de 14th century.

 Ghawanima Minaret 
De Ghawanima Minaret anaa Al-Ghawanima Minaret na dem build for de northwestern corner of de Noble Sanctuary during de reign of Sultan Lajin circa 1298, anaa between 1297 den 1299, anaa circa 1298. Dem name am after Shaykh Ghanim ibn Ali ibn Husayn, wey na dem appoint am de Shaykh of de Salahiyyah Madrasah by Saladin.


 Bab al-Silsila Minaret (Minaret of de Chain Gate) 
De Bab al-Silsila Minaret (Minaret of de Chain Gate) na dem build am insyd 1329 by Tankiz, de Mamluk governor of Syria, near de Chain Gate, for de western border of de al-Aqsa Mosque. Dem sanso know de minaret as Mahkamah Minaret since de minaret dey locate near de Madrasa al-Tankiziyya wich serve as a law court during de times of Ottomans.


 Fakhriyya Minaret 
De Fakhriyya Minaret anaa Al-Fakhiriyya Minaret, na dem build for de junction of de southern wall den western wall, over de solid part of de wall. Dem no know de exact date of ein original construction buh na dem build am samtime after 1345 den before 1496. Na dem name am after Fakhr al-Din al-Khalili, de poppie of Sharif al-Din Abd al-Rahman wey supervise de building ein construction.Na dem rebuild de minaret insyd 920.


 Bab al-Asbat Minaret (Minaret of de Tribes' Gate) 
Na dem build de last den most notable minaret insyd 1367: de Bāb al-ʾAsbāṭ Minaret, near de Tribes' Gate (al-ʾAsbāṭ Gate). Ebe composed of a cylindrical stone shaft (dem build later by de Ottomans), wich dey spring up from a rectangular Mamluk-built base on top of a triangular transition zone.Bab al-Asbat Minaret Archived 2011-06-29 at the Wayback Machine Archnet Digital Library. De shaft dey narrow above de muezzin ein balcony wey ebe dotted plus circular windows, wey dey end plus a bulbous dome.

 Oda features 
De main compound enclosure sanso dey house an ablution fountain (dem know as al-Kas), dem originally supply plus water via a long narrow aqueduct wey dey lead from de so-called Solomon's Pools near Bethlehem, buh dem now supply from Jerusalem ein water mains.

Gardens dey take up de eastern den chaw of de northern side of de enclosure, plus an Islamic school wey dey occupy a small part of de space.

 Northern den western porticos 
De complex be bordered for de south den east by de outer walls of de Old City of Jerusalem. For de north den west ebe bordered by two long porticos (riwaq), dem build during de Mamluk period.Mamluk Jerusalem: An Architectural Study, by MH Burgoyne and DS Richards, pages 104-107 (North Portico) and West Portico 192-194 Na dem sanso build a number of oda structures along dese areas, mainly sanso from de Mamluk period. For de north side, dem include de Isardiyya Madrasa, dem build samtime before 1345, den de Almalikiyya Madrasa, dem date to 1340. For de west side, dem include de Ashrafiyya Madrasa, wey Sultan Qaytbay build between 1480 den 1482, den de adjacent Uthmaniyya Madrasa, dem date to 1437. De Sabil of Qaytbay, contemporary plus de Ashrafiyya Madrasa, sanso dey stand nearby.

 Gates 

Der be currently eleven open gates wey dey offer access to de Muslim Haram al-Sharif.

 Bab al-Asbat (Gate of de Tribes); north-east corner
 Bab al-Hitta/Huttah (Gate of Remission, Pardon, anaa Absolution); northern wall
 Bab al-Atim/'Atm/Attim (Gate of Darkness); northern wall
 Bab al-Ghawanima (Gate of Bani Ghanim); north-west corner
 Bab al-Majlis / an-Nazir/Nadhir (Council Gate / Inspector ein Gate); western wall (northern third)
 Bab al-Hadid (Iron Gate); western wall (central part)
 Bab al-Qattanin (Gate of de Cotton Merchants); western wall (central part)
 Bab al-Matarah/Mathara (Ablution Gate); western wall (central part)
 Two twin gates dey follow south of de Ablution Gate, e Tranquility Gate den de Gate of de Chain:
 Bab as-Salam / al-Sakina (Tranquility Gate / Gate of de Dwelling), de northern one of de two; western wall (central part)
 Bab as-Silsileh (Gate of de Chain), de southern one of de two; western wall (central part)
 Bab al-Magharbeh/Maghariba (Moroccans' Gate/Gate of de Moors; see Maghrebis); western wall (southern third); de entrance per give non-Muslims

Dem now close a twelfth gate still open during Ottoman rule to de public:

 Bab as-Sarai (Gate of de Seraglio); a small gate to de former residence of de Pasha of Jerusalem; western wall, northern part (between de Bani Ghanim den Council gates).

 Current situation 

 Administration 
De administrative body responsible for de whole Al-Aqsa Mosque compound be known as "de Jerusalem Waqf", an organ of de Jordanian government.Jordan: We don't accept instructions from Israel on Temple Mount guards, Khaled Abu Toameh for The Jerusalem Post, 10 May 2022 (accessed the same day).

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