Ghanaian cedi

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De cedi (/ˈsiːdiː/ SEE-dee, dem pronounce am de same way as CD) (currency sign: GH₵; currency code: GHS) be de unit of currency of Ghana. Ebe de fourth historical den only current legal tender insyd de Republic of Ghana. One cedi dem divide am into one hundred pesewas (Gp).

After independence, Ghana separate ein self from de British West African pound, wey na ebe de currency give de British colonies insyd de region. De new republic ein first independent currency be de Ghanaian pound (1958–1965). Insyd 1965, Ghana decide say ego leave de British colonial monetary system den adopt de widely accepted decimal system. De African name Cedi (1965–1967) dem introduce say efor come replace de old British pound system. Ghana ein first Presido Dr. Kwame Nkrumah come introduce de Cedi notes den Pesewa coins insyd July 1965 say efor replace de Ghanaian pounds, shillings den pence. De cedi dey carry de portrait of de President den ebe equivalent to eight shillings den four pence (8s 4d), i.e. one hundred old pence, so say 1 pesewa be equal to one penny.

After de February 1966 military coup, de new leaders wan remove de face of Nkrumah from de banknotes. De "new cedi" (1967–2007) dey worth 1.2 cedis, wey make am equal to half of pound sterling (or ten shillings sterling) as at de tym of ein introduction. Decades of high inflation devalue de new cedi, so dat in 2007 de largest of de "new cedi" banknotes, de 20,000 note, get value of about US$2. De new cedi gradually phase out insyd 2007 say e favor of de "Ghana cedi" for exchange rate of 1:10,000. By removing four digits, de Ghana cedi cam turn de highest-denominated currency unit dem issue insyd Africa. Ebe since den eloose over 90% of ein value.
 Etymology 
De word cedi be de Akan word give cowry shell. Dem formerly use Cowries (plural of cowry) for wat now be Ghana. De Monetaria moneta anaa money cowry no be native to West African waters but ebe common species for de Indian Ocean insyd. De porcelain-like shells cam West Africa, beginning of de 14th century insyd, thru trade plus Arab merchants. Dem produce de first modern coins dem use exclusively for de Gold Coast for 1796 insyd but dem use cowries alongside coins den gold dust as currency til 1901."Cowrie shells and the slave trade". British Museum. Retrieved 20 December 2014.

 History 

 First cedi, 1965–1967 
+First cediPreceded by:
Ghanaian pound

Reason: decimalisation

Ratio: 2.4 first cedi = 1 pound, anaa 1 pesewa = 1 pennyCurrency of Ghana 
19 July 1965 – 22 February 1967Succeeded by:
Second cedi

Reason: convenience of exchange den opportunity make dem remove Kwame Nkrumah from coins den notes

Ratio: 1 second cedi = 1.2 first cedis
Dem introduce de first cedi for 1965 insyd, dem replace de pound for rate of 2.4 cedi = 1 pound, anaa 1 pesewa = 1 penny. Dem peg de first cedi to sterling for rate of 2.4 cedis = £1, anaa 8s 4d per cedi.

 Second cedi (GHC), 1967–2007 
+Second cedi (New cedi)Preceded by:
First cedi
Reason: convenience of exchange den opportunity make dem remove Kwame Nkrumah from coins den notesRatio: 1 second cedi = 1.2 first cedis = 10 shillingsCurrency of Ghana 
23 February 1967 – 2 July 2007Succeeded by:
Third cedi
Reason: inflationRatio: 1 third cedi = 10,000 second cedis

 Third cedi (GHS), 2007–present 
+Third cedi (Ghanaian cedi)Preceded by:
Second cedi
Reason: inflationRatio: 1 third cedi = 10,000 second cedisCurrency of Ghana 
2 July 2007 – PresentSucceeded by:
Current

 Coins 

 First cedi (1965–67) 
First cedi
(Legal tender: 1965–67)ImageValueDescriptionDate of issueObverse & ReverseObverseReverseMetalWeightDiameterEdge160x160px5 pesewasKwame Nkrumah
(Lettering:)

CIVITATIS GHANIENSIS CONDITOR

(de Founder of Ghana)

KWAME NKRUMAHFive-pointed star
(Lettering:) 

De value of de coin

&

1965Copper-nickel4.1 g22 mmSmooth19 July 1965160x160px10 pesewas3.2 g20 mmMilled160x160px25 pesewas8.65 g27.4 mm160x160px50 pesewas13.9 g32 mmReeded

 Second cedi 
Second cedi
(Legal tender: 1967–2007)ImageValueDescriptionYears of issueObverse & ReverseObverseReverseMetalWeightDiameterEdge160x160px1⁄2 pesewaAdowa drums
(Lettering:)

GHANA

FREEDOM AND JUSTICEFive-pointed star
(Lettering:)

De value of de coin

&

De year of issueBronze2.9 g20.2 mmSmooth1967160x160px1 pesewa5.72 g25.47 mm1967–1979160x160px2+1⁄2 pesewasCacao fruits
(Lettering:)

GHANA

FREEDOM AND JUSTICEDe shield from de Coat of arms of Ghana
(Lettering:)

De value of de coin

&

De year of issueCopper-nickel3.2 g19.5 mm1967160x160px5 pesewas2.85 g19 mmReeded1967–1975160x160px10 pesewas5.6 g23.5 mm1967–1979160x160px20 pesewas11.2 g28 mm160x160px50 pesewas12.5 g32 mmMilled1979160x160px1 cediCowry shell 
(Lettering:)

GHANA

FREEDOM AND JUSTICEBrass11.9 g30 mmSmooth

 Banknotes 

 First cedi (1965–67) 
First cedi
(Legal tender: 1965–67)ImageValueDescriptionDate of issueObverse & ReverseObverseReverse130x130px1 cediKwame NkrumahBank of Ghana19 July 1965130x130px5 cedisSupreme Court130x130px10 cedisIndependence Arch134x134px50 cedisSeashore, Palms141x141px100 cedisKumasi Central Hospital135x135px1,000 cedis
(Dem use for Interbanking Transactions per)Black StarBank of Ghana

 Second cedi (1967–2007) 

 1967 to 1979 
Second cedi – 1st series
(Legal tender: 1967–79)ImageValueDescriptionYears of issueObverse & ReverseObverseReverse130x130px1 cediCocoaShield den sword1967–1971130x130px5 cedisFauna carvingsFauna carvings1967–1969130x130px10 cedisArt projectsStatuettes1967–1970
Second cedi – 2nd series
(Legal tender: 1972–79)ImageValueDescriptionYears of issueObverse & ReverseObverseReverse130x130px1 cediYoung girlCocoa farmer1973–1978130x130px2 cedisFarmerFishermen1972–78130x130px5 cedisWomanLarabanga mosque1973–1978130x130px10 cedisPipe smokerAkosombo Dam

 1979 to 2007 
Second cedi – 3rd series
(Legal tender: 1979–2007)ImageValueDescriptionYears of issueObverse & ReverseObverseReverse130x130px1 cediYoung manBasket weaver1979–1982130x130px2 cedisSchoolgirlField workers130x130px5 cedisOld manLumberers130x130px10 cedisYoung womanFishermen130x130px20 cedisMinerKente weaver130x130px50 cedis
(Dem demonetize am insyd 1982)Old manCocoa farmers1979–1980
Second cedi – 4th series
(Legal tender: 1983–2007)ImageValueDescriptionYears of issueObverse & ReverseObverseReverseStartEnd130x130px10 cedisW. O. II Larbi, Fred Otoo, E. Kwasi NukporRural bank building19841984130x130px20 cedisQueen Mother Yaa AsantewaaMiner, army officer, student, demonstrators1986130x130px50 cedisYoung manWorkers drying grain1983130x130px100 cedisWomanLoading produce1991130x130px200 cedisOld manTeacher den students1993130x130px500 cedisBlack star, fist, den "Gye Nyame"Cocoa den miner19861994131x131px1,000 cedisDiamondsCocoa harvest19912003130x130px2,000 cedisAdomi BridgeFishermen19942006130x130px5,000 cedisCoat of arms of GhanaCargo ships den logs130x130px10,000 cedisThe Big SixIndependence Arch2002130x130px20,000 cedisEphraim AmuNational Theatre of Ghana

 Third cedi (2007–present) 
Third cediImageValueDimensionsMain ColourDescriptionFirst issuedObverse & ReverseObverseReverse130x130px1 cedi137 × 65 mmRedDe Big Six, Independence ArchAkosombo Dam3 July 2007130x130px2 cedis140 × 67 mmBeigeKwame NkrumahParliament House14 May 2010130x130px5 cedis141 × 68 mmBlueThe Big Six, Independence ArchUniversity of Ghana, The Balme Library3 July 20075 cedis147 × 68 mmBlueJames Emman Kwegyir AggreyKwame Nkrumah vessel for Tweneboa, Enyenra, den Ntomme oil fields insyd7 March 2017 (commemorative issue)
4 August 2017 (regular issue)130x130px10 cedis145 × 71 mmYellow-greenThe Big Six, Independence ArchBank of Ghana3 July 2007130x130px20 cedis149 × 74 mmPurpleSupreme Court140x140px50 cedis153 × 77 mmBrownChristiansborg Castle100 cedis157 x 80 mmCyanThe Big Six, Independence ArchInterior of de Parliament of Ghana2 December 2019200 cedis161 x 83 mmOrangeThe Big Six, Independence ArchJubilee House2 December 2019

 Exchange rate history 
+Historical values for one U.S. dollar for Ghanaian cedis insydDateCedi per U.S$.DateCedi per U.S$.First cedi (Cedi)19650.82419670.714Second cedi (New cedi)1970s~1.000 (0.833 to 1.111)19802.80 Bank rate
(~20 Black market)198330.00 Bank rate
(~120 Black market) (Oct 83)198435.00 (Mar 84)
38.50 (Aug 84)
50 (Dec 84)198550 – 601986901987150 – 1751988175 – 2301989230 – 3001990300 – 3451991345 – 3901992390 – 5201993555 – 8251994825 – 105019951050–145019961450–175019971750 – 225019982250 – 235019992350 – 355020003550 – 675020016750 – 730020027300 – 845020038450 – 885020048850 – 890020058900 – 950020069500 – 960020079300 – 9600
+Ghana Cedi (Third cedi)"United States dollar (USD) and Ghana cedi (GHS) Exchange Rate History". freecurrencyrates.com. Retrieved 11 September 2013.YearJanuary 1May 1September 1October 2020080.9301.0051.15520091.2651.4601.46520101.4301.4251.44020111.4861.4961.53520121.6391.8551.93220131.9051.9742.15020142.3532.8233.72320153.2153.84793.831220163.80923.78953.963920226.207.5510.0513.10

 References 
Category:Ghana
Category:Currencies plus ISO 4217 code
Category:Currencies of Africa
Category:Circulating currencies
Category:Currencies of Ghana
Category:Currency symbols
Category:Currencies dem introduce for 1965 insyd

 External links 
Wikimedia Commons get media wey relate to Coins and Banknotes from Ghana.

 New Ghanaian currency introduced at Wikinews
 Original source of the above pre-2007 Ghanaian banknotes:

Category:Currencies of de Commonwealth of Nations