Malabo Convention

De African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection dem san know am as de Malabo Convention be 2014 legal framework wey dem adopt am by de African Union (AU) say ego address cybercrime den data protection insyd Africa.

 Contents 
Dem divide de Malabo Convention into three main chapters:

 Electronic transactions chapter 
De Convention outlines unify guidelines den regulations for different aspects of e-commerce, such as online advertising, de legal recognition for electronic contracts, den securing electronic payment systems.

 Data protection chapter 
De Malabo Convention dey require all member states say dem go develop demma comprehensive data protection framework. As outlined insyd Article 8(1), it 

Also, Articles 11, 13, den 16 to 19 further specify that dis framework must be overseen by a national data protection authority (DPA), wey efor operate independently den be responsible for ensuring say personal data processing dem go properly regulate am. De national framework must reflect essential data protection standards—such as obtaining consent, ensuring legality, maintaining confidentiality, den promoting transparency—wey esan guarantee individuals specific rights over demma personal information.

 Cybersecurity den cybercrime chapter 
De Malabo Convention criminalise different cyber activities den obliges each member state say ego create national cybersecurity policy den strategy. Esan dey call for de formation for relevant institutions den mechanisms to detect den address cybersecurity threats, uphold key cybersecurity values, den foster international collaboration. Regarding cybercrime, de Convention wey dey urge states to enact national laws den regulations wey dey criminalize “acts wey dey affect de confidentiality, integrity, availability den survival of information den communication technology systems, de data dey process, den de underlying network infrastructure.

 History 
De African Union come introduce de convention insyd 2011 wey dey aim say ego creating a trustworthy cybersecurity structure across de continent. Ein objectives dey include regulating electronic transactions, safeguarding personal information, enhancing cybersecurity, encouraging e-governance, den addressing cybercrime. De adoption for de convention wey dem postpone am on several times until 2014 wey dem adopt am for ein 23 Ordinary Session for Malabo insyd Equatorial Guinea. However, eno dey come into implementation sake of de Article 36 wey edey show say  de treaty wey ego come to force upon de ratification for at least 15-member nation for de African Union. 

 Implementation 
On 8 of June 2023, de Malabo Convention come into effect 30 days after dem ratify am on Mauritania as de 15 member nation to wey ego fulfill de Article 36 for de Malabo Convention.

 Insyd Sudan 
Sudan come sign de Malabo Convention on 15 March 2023, during de African Union Summit insyd Addis Ababa. De convention wey dem sign am by de den-acting Minister of Telecommunications den Digital Transformation, Adel Hassan Mohamed Al-Hussein, insyd de presence for officials from de AU Commission den Sudan ein regulatory authority. However, de country bi yet say ego ratify de convention.

 List of signatories den ratified countries 
Below be de list of countries wey dem sign am den ratify de African Union (AU) Convention on Cyber Security den Personal Data Protection.
+African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection – Status by Country (as of 8 July 2024)No.CountryDate of SignatureDate of Ratification/AccessionDate Deposited1 Algeria–––2 Angola–21/02/202011/05/20203 Benin28/01/2015––4 Botswana–––5 Burkina Faso–––6 Burundi–––7 Cameroon12/08/2021––8 Central African Republic–––9 Cape Verde–13/11/202005/02/202210 Chad14/06/2015––11 Côte d’Ivoire–08/03/202303/04/202312 Comoros29/01/2018––13 Republic of the Congo12/06/201524/09/202023/10/202014 Djibouti12/05/2023––15 Democratic Republic of the Congo–––16 Egypt–––17 Equatorial Guinea–––18 Eritrea–––19 Ethiopia–––20 Gabon–––21 Gambia02/12/2022––22 Ghana04/07/201713/05/201903/06/201923 Guinea-Bissau31/01/2015––24 Guinea–31/07/201816/10/201825 Kenya–––26 Libya–––27 Lesotho30/11/2023––28 Liberia–––29 Madagascar–––30 Mali–––31 Malawi–––32 Morocco–––33 Mozambique29/06/201802/12/201921/01/202034 Mauritania26/02/201519/04/202309/05/202335 Mauritius–06/03/201814/03/201836 Namibia–25/01/201901/02/201937 Nigeria23/01/2024––38 Niger–22/02/202216/03/202239 Rwanda16/04/201914/11/201921/11/201940 South Africa16/02/2023––41 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic–––42 Senegal–03/08/201616/08/201643 Seychelles–––44 Sierra Leone29/01/2016––45 Somalia–––46 South Sudan–––47 Sao Tome and Principe29/01/201625/09/202315/02/202448 Sudan15/03/2023––49 Eswatini–––50 Tanzania–––51 Togo02/04/201930/09/202119/10/202152 Tunisia23/04/2019––53 Uganda–––54 Zambia29/01/201615/12/202024/03/202155 Zimbabwe–––

 References 

Category:21st-century treaties
Category:Cybercrime
Category:Data protection
Category:African Union treaties