West Africa

Early history insyd West Africa dey include number of prominent regional powers wey cam dominate different parts of both de coastal den internal trade networks, such as de Mali den Gao Empires. West Africa dey at de intersection of perfect routes to travel between de place wey Arab-dominate North Africa den further south for de continent top, de source of specialized goods such as gold, advanced iron-working, den ivory. After European explorate dem come encounter rich local economies den kingdoms, de Atlantic slave trade wey dem build on already existing slave systems say dem go provide labor for dema colonies insyd de Americas. After de end of de slave trade insyd de early 19th century, European nations, especially France den Britain, continue dey exploit de region through colonial relationships. For example, dem dey continue dey export plenty of de extractive goods, wey edey include labor-intensive agricultural crops lyk cocoa den coffee, forestry products lyk tropical timber, den mineral resources lyk gold. Since independence, plenty West African countries, lyk Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria den Senegal, come play important roles insyd de regional den global economies.

 Geopolitical division 

 List of countries 

 Benin
 Burkina Faso
 Cape Verde
 Ivory Coast
 The Gambia
 Ghana
 Guinea
 Guinea-Bissau
 Liberia
 Mali
 Niger
 Nigeria
 Senegal
 Sierra Leone
 Togo
 United Kingdom
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom Overseas Territory)

 Cities 
Major den principal cities insyd West Africa dey include, geographically eastward:
 Dakar, Senegal
 Touba, Senegal
 Serrekunda, The Gambia
 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
 Conakry, Guinea
 Freetown, Sierra Leone
 Monrovia, Liberia
 Bamako, Mali Abidjan, Ivory Coast
 Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast
 Bouaké, Ivory Coast
 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
 Accra, Ghana
 Kumasi, Ghana
 Lomé, Togo Cotonou, Benin
 Abuja, Nigeria
 Lagos, Nigeria
 Ibadan, Nigeria
 Port Harcourt, Nigeria
 Kano, Nigeria
 Benin City, Nigeria
 Jos, Nigeria
 Porto Novo, Benin

 Transport 

 Road transport 
De Trans–West African Coastal Highway be transnational highway project make e link 12 West African coastal states, from Mauritania wey dey de north-west of de region go NigeriaNigeria Real Estate Market Review (PDF). Northcourt. wey dey de east, plus feeder roads already dey exist for two landlocked countries, Mali den Burkina Faso.Itai Madamombe (2006): "NEPAD promotes better transport networks", Africa Renewal, Vol. 20, No. 3 (October 2006), p. 14.

De eastern end of de highway dey terminate for Lagos, Nigeria. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) consider ein western end make e be Nouakchott, Mauritania, anaa make e be Dakar, Senegal, wey dey give rise to dese alternative names for de road:

 Nouakchott–Lagos Highway
 Lagos–Nouakchott Highway
 Dakar–Lagos Highway
 Lagos–Dakar Highway
 Trans-African Highway 7 insyd de Trans-African Highway network

 Air transport 
De capitals' airports dey include:

 Cadjehoun Airport (COO) International; Cotonou, Benin
 Ouagadougou Airport (OUA); Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
 Amílcar Cabral International Airport (SID); Praia, Cape Verde
 Banjul International Airport (BJL) International; Banjul, Gambia
 Kotoka International Airport (ACC); Accra; Ghana
 Conakry International Airport (CKY); Conakry, Guinea
 Osvaldo Vieira International Airport (OXB); Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
 Port Bouet Airport (ABJ); Abidjan, Ivory Coast
 Roberts International Airport (ROB); Monrovia, Liberia
 Bamako–Sénou International Airport (BKO); Bamako, Mali
 Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport (NKC); Nouakchott, Mauritania
 Diori Hamani International Airport (NIM); Niamey, Niger
 Murtala Muhammed International Airport (LOS); Lagos, Nigeria
 Saint Helena Airport; Jamestown, Saint Helena
 Blaise Diagne International Airport (DSS); Dakar, Senegal
 Lungi International Airport (FNA); Freetown, Sierra Leone
 Lomé–Tokoin Airport (LFW); Lomé, Togo

Of de sixteen, de most important hub den entry point to West Africa be Kotoka International Airport, den Murtala Muhammed International Airport, wey dey offer chaw international connections.

 Architecture 

 Prehistoric West African Architecture
 Ancient West African Architecture
 Medieval West African Architecture

 Science den technology 

 Education
 Astronomy
 Mathematics
 Metallurgy
 Medicine
 Agriculture
 Textiles
 Maritime technology
 Architecture
 Communication systems
 Warfare
 Commerce

 Gallery 
Capital cities of West Africa

 References 

 You fi read further 

 Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku. Themes in West Africa's History (2006).
 Brydon, Lynne. "Constructing Avatime: questions of history and identity in a West African polity, c. 1690s to the twentieth century." Journal of African History 49.1 (2008): 23–42. online
 Collins, Robert O. African History: Western African History (1990).
 Davidson, Basil. A History of West Africa, 1000–1800 (1978), numerous editions
 Delavignette, Robert. Freedom and Authority in French West Africa (Routledge, 2018).
 Dueppen, Stephen A. "The archaeology of West Africa, ca. 800 BCE to 1500 CE." History Compass 14.6 (2016): 247–263.
 Edgerton, Robert B. The Fall of the Asante Empire: The Hundred-Year War For Africa'S Gold Coast (2002).
 Fage, J. D. A Guide to Original Sources for Precolonial Western Africa Published in European Languages (2nd ed. 1994); updated in Stanley B. Alpern, ed. Guide to Original Sources for Precolonial Western Africa (2006).
 Festus, Jacob et al. eds. History of West Africa (Vol. 1, 1989).
 Greene, S. E. Sacred Sites and the Colonial Encounter: A History of Meaning and Memory in Ghana (2002).
 Griswold, Wendy. Writing African women: Gender, popular culture and literature in West Africa (Zed Books Ltd., 2017).
 Ham, Anthony. West Africa (2013) online.
 Hayward, Derek F., and Julius Oguntoyinbo. Climatology of West Africa (Routledge, 2019).
 Hopkins, Antony Gerald. An economic history of West Africa (2014) online.
 Huber, Caroline, Lyn Finelli, and Warren Stevens. "The economic and social burden of the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa." Journal of infectious diseases 218.Supplement_5 (2018): S698–S704.
 Kane, Ousmane Oumar, Beyond Timbuktu: An Intellectual History of Muslim West Africa (2016).
 Lavallée, Emmanuelle; Roubaud, François (3 June 2019). "Corruption in the Informal Sector: Evidence from West Africa". The Journal of Development Studies. 55 (6): 1067–1080. doi:10.1080/00220388.2018.1438597. S2CID 158886041.
 Law, Robin (1985). "Human Sacrifice in Pre-Colonial West Africa". African Affairs. 84 (334): 53–87. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097676. JSTOR 722523.
 Mann, Gregory (2005). "Locating Colonial Histories: Between France and West Africa". The American Historical Review. 110 (2): 409–434. doi:10.1086/ahr/110.2.409. JSTOR 10.1086/531320.
 Martinez-Alvarez, Melisa; Jarde, Alexander; Usuf, Effua; Brotherton, Helen; Bittaye, Mustapha; Samateh, Ahmadou L; Antonio, Martin; Vives-Tomas, Joan; D'Alessandro, Umberto; Roca, Anna (May 2020). "COVID-19 pandemic in west Africa". The Lancet Global Health. 8 (5): e631–e632. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30123-6. PMID 32246918.
 Mazrui, Ali A. Islam and the English language in East and West Africa (Routledge, 2017).
 Meillassoux, Claude, ed. The development of indigenous trade and markets in West Africa: studies presented and discussed at the tenth International African seminar at Fourah Bay college, Freetown, December 1969 (Routledge, 2018).
 Mendonsa, Eugene L. West Africa: An Introduction to Its History (2002)
 O'Brien, Donal Cruise, Richard Rathbone, John Dunn, eds. Contemporary West African States (2002) online free to borrow
 Soares, Benjamin (March 2014). "The Historiography of Islam in West Africa: An Anthropologist's View". The Journal of African History. 55 (1): 27–36. doi:10.1017/S0021853713000819. hdl:1887/25369. S2CID 162823960.
 Tonkin, Elizabeth. Narrating our pasts: The social construction of oral history (Cambridge university press, 1995), on West Africa
 Westermann, Diedrich, and Margaret Arminel Bryan. The Languages of West Africa: Handbook of African Languages (Routledge, 2017).

External links

West Africa by Region and Country – African Studies at Columbia University
ouestaf.com – Ouestaf, a West African online newspaper (insyd French)
Loccidental Archived 7 March 2006 at the Wayback Machine – An online West African newspaper (insyd French)
West Africa Review – An e-journal on West Africa research and scholarship (insyd English)
The Voyage of the Sieur Le Maire, to the Canary Islands, Cape-Verde, Senegal, and Gambia  be de first published writing about Western Africa, wey dey date from 1695 (insyd English)

Category:West Africa
Category:Geography of West Africa
Category:Regions of Africa