Norovirus

Norovirus, dem sanso know as Norwalk virus wey sam times dem refer to as de winter vomiting disease, be de most common cause of gastroenteritis. Infection be characterized by non-bloody diarrhea, vomiting, den stomach pain. Fever anaa headaches sanso fi occur. Symptoms usually dey develop 24 hours after e be exposed, den recovery typically dey occur within one to three days. Complications be uncommon, buh fi include dehydration, especially insyd de young, de old, den those plus oda health problems.

De virus usually be spread by de fecal–oral route. Dis fi be thru contaminated chow anaa water anaa person-to-person contact. E sanso fi spread via contaminated surfaces anaa thru air from de vomit of an infected person. Risk factors dey include unsanitary food preparation den dey share close quarters. Diagnosis generally be based on symptoms. Confirmatory testing no be usually available buh fi be performed by public health agencies during outbreaks.

Prevention dey involve proper hand washing den disinfection of contaminated surfaces. Der be no vaccine anaa specific treatment for norovirus. Management dey involve supportive care such as drinking sufficient fluids anaa intravenous fluids. Oral rehydration solutions be de preferred fluids to drink, although oda drinks widout caffeine anaa alcohol fi help. Hand sanitizers wey based on alcohols tend to be ineffective against noroviruses secof dem be non-enveloped, although sam virus genotypes be more susceptible.

Norovirus dey result in about 685 million cases of disease den 200,000 deaths globally a year. E be common both insyd de developed den developing world. Those under de age of five be most often affected, den insyd dis group e dey result in about 50,000 deaths insyd de developing world. Norovirus infections dey occur more commonly during winter months. E often dey occur insyd outbreaks, especially among those wey dey live insyd close quarters. Insyd de United States, e be de cause of about half of all foodborne disease outbreaks. Dem name de virus after de city of Norwalk, Ohio, wer na an outbreak occur insyd 1968.

 References 

 External links 

 Norovirus (vomiting bug) NHS Norovirus infections
 Global network and database noroviruses
 CDC Viral Gastroenteritis FAQs: Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Food Illness Fact Sheet
 "Norovirus in Healthcare Facilities Fact Sheet", CDC, released 21 December 2006
 tips from CDC for cruise vacationers
 Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Caliciviridae 
 3D structure of Norovirus from the EM Data Bank at the European Bioinformatics Institute UK
 Viralzone: Norovirus
 ICTV Report: Caliciviridae


Category:Virus genera
Category:Foodborne illnesses
Category:Health care-associated infections
Category:Vomiting
Category:Translated from MDWiki