University of al-Qarawiyyin

De University of al-Qarawiyyin (Arabic: جامعة القرويين, romanized: Jāmiʻat al-Qarawīyīn), dem sanso wrep am Al-Karaouine anaa Al Quaraouiyine, be a university wey dey locate insyd Fez, Morocco. Na dem found am as a mosque by Fatima al-Fihri insyd 857–859 wey subsequently e cam turn one of de leading spiritual den educational centers of de Islamic Golden Age. Na dem incorporate am into Morocco ein modern state university system insyd 1963 wey dem officially rename "University of Al Quaraouiyine" two years later.Lulat, Y. G.-M.: A History Of African Higher Education From Antiquity To The Present: A Critical Synthesis, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005, , pp. 154–157 De mosque building einself sanso a significant complex of historical Moroccan den Islamic architecture wey dey feature elements from chaw different periods of Moroccan history. Scholars dey consider al-Qarawiyyin say ebe effectively run as a madrasa til after World War II.Lulat, Y. G.-M.: A History Of African Higher Education From Antiquity To The Present: A Critical Synthesis Studies in Higher Education, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005, , p. 70:Shillington, Kevin: Encyclopedia of African History, Vol. 2, Fitzroy Dearborn, 2005, , p. 1025:  Chaw scholars distinguish dis status from de status of "university", wich dem view as a distinctly European invention.Makdisi, George: "Madrasa and University in the Middle Ages", Studia Islamica, No. 32 (1970), pp. 255–264 (255f.): Verger, Jacques: "Patterns", in: Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Universities in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, 2003, , pp. 35–76 (35): Dem dey date al-Qarawiyyin ein transformation from a madrasa into a university to ein modern reorganization insyd 1963.Park, Thomas K.; Boum, Aomar: Historical Dictionary of Morocco, 2nd ed., Scarecrow Press, 2006, , p. 348  Na UNESCO den de Guinness World Records, cite al-Qarawiyyin as de oldest university anaa oldest continually wey dey operate higher learning institution insyd de world.

Education for de University of al-Qarawiyyin dey concentrate for de Islamic religious den legal sciences plus a heavy emphasis on, den particular strengths insyd, Classical Arabic grammar/linguistics den Maliki Sharia, though lessons for non-Islamic subjects wey dem sanso offer to students. Dem still dey deliver teaching insyd de traditional methods. De university be attended by students from all over Morocco den Muslim West Africa, plus sam sanso dey cam from further abroad. Na dem first admit women to do institution insyd de 1940s.

 Name 
De Arabic name of de universityجَامِعَةُ الْقَرَوِيِّينَ pronounced [ʒaːmiʕtu lqarawijiːn] wey dey mean "University of de People from Kairouan".القَيْرَوَان [alqajrawaːn] Factors such as de provenance of Fatima al-Fihriya ein family insyd Tunisia, de presence of de letter Qāf (ق) – a voiceless uvular plosive wich get equivalent insyd European languages – de  ([awijiː]) triphthong insyd de university ein name, wey na de French colonization of Morocco result insyd a number of different orthographies for de romanization of de university ein name, wey dey include al-Qarawiyyin, a standard anglicization; Al Quaraouiyine, dey follow French orthography; den Al-Karaouine, anoda rendering wey dey use French orthography.

 Notable alumni 
A number of well-known philosophers, scholars, den politicians insyd de history of Morocco den de western Mediterranean either study anaa dem teach for de Qarawiyyin since ein founding.

 Maimonides (1135/1138–1204), Jewish philosopher
 Ibn Arabi (1165–1240), Sufi philosopher
 Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), historian den philosopher
 Leo Africanus (1494–1554), author
 Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari (1632-1577), historian den theologian, appointed imam den mufti by de Saadi Sultan Zaydan
 Imam al-Bannani (1727–1780), faqīh (Muslim jurist)
 Ahmad ibn Idris (1760–1837), Moroccan Sufi scholar
 Muhammad al-Kattani (1873–1909), writer den political leader"الموسوعة العربية | الكتاني (محمد بن عبد الكبير-)". arab-ency.com.sy. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
 Abd el-Krim el-Khattabi (1882–1963), Rifian-Moroccan political den military leader
 Allal al-Fassi (1910–1974), Moroccan politician
 Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali (1893–1987), translator
 Abdullah al-Ghumari (1910–1993), faqīh (Muslim jurist)
 Fatima al-Kabbaj (1932–), Member of High Council of Knowledge (Islamic council) Notably, one of de first few women make dem admit am.

 References 

 Read further 


 Terrasse, Henri (1968). La Mosquée al-Qaraouiyin à Fès; avec une étude de Gaston Deverdun sur les inscriptions historiques de la mosquée. Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck. (In French; mainly about architecture)
 Le Tourneau, Roger (1949). Fès avant le protectorat: étude économique et sociale d'une ville de l'occident musulman. Casablanca: Société Marocaine de Librairie et d'Édition. (In French; contains detailed discussion of the institution's operations prior to the French colonial period; in particular, see p. 453 and after)

 External links 

 Universite Quaraouiyine – Fes (French)
 Al Qaraouiyine Rehabilitation at ArchNet (includes pictures of the interior, the minbar, and other architectural elements)
 Manar al-Athar Digital Photo Archive (includes pictures of the interior, including the mihrab area)
 The minbar of the al-Qarawīyīn Mosque at Qantara-Med (includes pictures of the minbar and the mihrab area)
 360-degree view of the central nave of the mosque, in front of the mihrab, posted on Google Maps
 Virtual tour of the Qarawiyyin Mosque, 360-degree views of the mosque's interior


Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1135
Category:Madrasas insyd Fez, Morocco
Category:Universities insyd Morocco
Category:Islamic universities den colleges
Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd de 9th century
Madrasa of Al-Karaouine
Category:Mosques insyd Fez, Morocco
Category:9th-century establishments insyd Morocco
Category:Almoravid architecture
Category:Marinid architecture
Category:Saadian architecture
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