Gadaa

Gadaa"Gada system, an indigenous democratic socio-political system of the Oromo". unesco.org. (Oromo: Gadaa; literally: era) be de indigenous democratic system of governance de Oromos for Ethiopia den northern Kenya dey use. De Konso den Gedeo people of southern Ethiopia sanso dey practice am. De system dey regulate political, economic, social den religious activities of de community."Gada system, an indigenous democratic socio-political system of the Oromo". unesco.org.Intro to the Gadaa SystemOromo Indigenous Philosophy (Gadaa System): The Case of 74th Gujii Oromo Gadaa Power Transition (PDF)

Under Gadaa, every eight years, de Oromo go choose by consensus nine leaders dem know as Salgan ya’ii Borana (de nine Borana assemblies).Galla, Candace (2012). "Sustaining generations of Indigenous voices: Reclaiming language and integrating multimedia technology". {World Indigenous Nations Higher Education Consortium Journal: 46–48.Tesema Ta'a (2006). The Political Economy of an African Society in Transformation: the Case of Macca Oromo (Ethiopia). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 26–27. ISBN 978-3-447-05419-5. Leader dem elect by de gadaa system dey remain for power insyd for 8 years per, plus election dey take place for de end of those 8 years.John Ralph Willis (2005). Slaves and Slavery in Africa: Volume Two: The Servile Estate. Routledge. pp. 122–127, 129–134, 137. ISBN 978-1-135-78017-3.John Ralph Willis (2005). Slaves and Slavery in Africa: Volume Two: The Servile Estate. Routledge. pp. 128–134. ISBN 978-1-135-78016-6.Ira M. Lapidus (2014). A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press. p. 483. ISBN 978-1-139-99150-6.  Weneva Abbaa Gadaa die while dey exercise ein functions, de bokkuu (de symbol of power) dey pass to ein wife wey she dey keep de bokkuu den proclaim de laws."The Gadaa System and Some of Its Institutions among the Booranaa: A Historical Perspective". ajol.info. pp. 91–92.

UNESCO inscribe de Gada system as Intangible Cultural Heritage since 2016."Gada system, an indigenous democratic socio-political system of the Oromo". unesco.org. Ebe de brainchild of Oromo from de Madda Walabu district of Oromia."A heroic send-off for Aliyi Cirri, a pioneer Oromo freedom fighter whose courage and bravery inspired generations". www.opride.com. 17 November 2017."Historical Background". mwu.edu.et. Oromo people regard de system as dema common heritage den as major part of dema cultural identity."The Gada sysytem; full Dimocratical politics of Oromo;71stBorana BalliHand overing Day Febrawary 2009/20017:The Gada of Kura Jarso" (PDF). oromiatourism.gov.et. Ebe de system plus na wey de Oromo people dey govern dema body insyd democratic way for centuries."Gada System inscribed in UNESCO as Intangible World Heritage". ethiopianembassy.be."Briefing: What is Oromo's Gada system?". hornaffairs.com. December 2016.

De Oromo govern dema body in accordance plus de Gadaa system long before de 16th century, wen major three party wars commence between dem den de Ethiopian Empire go dema north den Adal Sultanate go dema east den south. Na de result be say Oromo absorb de Christian den Islam religions. Na de Borana den Guji groups wey dey near de Ethiopian-Kenyan border dey practice Gadaa widout interruption. For de state of Oromia under de Federal system of Ethiopia insyd, de Gadaa system start renaissance across Oromia. For 2015 insyd, na dem inaugurate de Gadaa Center for Odaa Bultum insyd wey for 2018 insyd, dem reinstall de Gadaa Center for Odaa Hullee after two centuries of interruption."The 2015 Commemoration of Odaa-Bultum (One of the Major Oromo Gadaa System's Administrative Centers)". Oromianeconomist.com."A Journey to Revitalizing Gadaa at Odaa Hullee: Tracing Jimma University's Unwavering Commitment". ju.edu.et. Insyd 2019, Bule Hora University launch master's degree program insyd Gadaa studies."Bule Hora University Journey". bhu.edu.et.

 Characteristics 

 Luba 
Na dem structure de Gadaa society go peer groups dem base for chronological age anaa genealogical generation dem bell Luba. Each luba dey consist of all de sons for anoda particular class insyd. De entire grade dey progress thru eleven different grades, each base for eight-year cycle, wey each plus ein own set of rights den responsibilities.Participedia Contributors. "The Gadaa System of the Oromo People". Participedia.net. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
+Gadaa Grades"Gadaa Grades". addisherald.com.DaballeJunior GaammeeFoolleeKuusaaRaabaa DooriiGadaaYuuba IYuuba II & IIIGadaamoojjiiJaarsaAge0-89-1617-2425-3233-4041-4849-5657-64 & 65-7273-80>80CharactersNo responsibilityStudentMilitary traineeMilitaryWarriorLeaderAdvisorRepositories of lawConducts RitesNo responsibility
De grade dey pass from one stage of development go de next every eight years.

 Baallii 
Baallii be process of transferring power from one Gadaa party go de next.

 Gadaa Party (Gogeessa Gadaa) 
Five Gadaa parties dey wey dem know as shanan Gadaa Oromoo. Dese parties dey follow de five world views of de Oromo people. De five Gadaa parties orderly dey cam to power. Party dey cam to power once every forty years. Hence, der no go be direct competition among de five Gadaa parties, rada de competition go be among individuals for party insyd. De five Gadaa parties get different names among Boorana, Maccaa-Tuulama, Arsii, Gujii den Ituu-Humbannaa.Sirna, Zelalem. "A Future Gaze: Gadaa Oriented Constitutional Structure for Oromia". Gadaa Journal: 15–16."Waa'ee Gadaa wantoota beekuu qabdan shan" [Five things you should know about Gadaa]. bbc.com.
+Gadaa PartiesBooranaMaccaa-TuulamaArsiiGujiiItuu-HumbannaaMeelba / HarmufaaBirmajiiBirmajiiHarmufaHorataMuudana / RoobaleeMichilee / MuudanaRoobaleeRoobaleeDibbaaqaKiilolee / BirmajiiDuuloo / HalchiisaBaharaMuudanaDibbeessaBiifolee / MuldhataMeelbaa / HambissaaHorataHalchiisaFadataMichilee / DuulooRoobaleeDaraara

 Research 
Number of scholars study Gadaa. LegesseAsmarom Legesse, "Gadaa: Three Approaches to the Study of African Society", 1973 rep say Gadaa be "one of the most astonishing and instructive turns the evolution of human society has taken". In addition for ein Harvard PhD dissertation, Legesse publish bookAsmarom Legesse, "Oromo Democracy: an Indigenous African Political System", 2006 wey dey position Gadaa as African democracy wey fi inform constitutional thinkers. De late Donald Levine claim sayDonald Levine, "Greater Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Multiethnic Society", 1974 Gadaa be "one of the most complex systems of social organization ever devised by the human imagination". For Jalata, Gadaa dey represent "the totality of Oromo civilization".

 References 

 Bibliography 

 Ulrich Braukämper, Layers Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia (2003)
 Joseph Van de Loo, "Guji Oromo Culture in Southern Ethiopia." Berlin: Reimer, 1991.
 Asmarom Legesse, "Gadaa: Three Approaches to the Study of African Society", 1973
 Donald Levine, "Greater Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Multiethnic Society", 1974
 Asmarom Legesse, "Oromo Democracy: an Indigenous African Political System", 2006
 Asafa Jalata, Gadaa (Oromo Democracy): An Example of Classical African Civilization, Journal of Pan-African Studies (2012)
 Tenna Dewo. 2008. The Concept of Peace in the Oromo Gadaa System: Its Mechanisms and Moral Dimension. Journal of Oromo Studies 15.1: 139-180. Web access
 Z. Sirna, "Ethiopia: When the Gadaa Democracy Rules in a Federal State", 2012
 Participedia Contributors, "The Gadaa System of the Oromo People," last modified September 7, 2018, Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20190130053728/https://participedia.xyz/method/4865

Category:Oromo people
Category:Ethiopian culture
Category:Kenyan culture
Category:Society of Kenya
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Category:Political philosophy
Category:African traditional governments
Category:Politics of Africa