Dollo

Dollo manvi xorirantlea goneanendriantolem ek mhotvachem indri-i. Ujvadd, kallokh, vostu, tancho rong, akar, rup hem drixttigonean monxak dolleankoddlean melltta. Ginean melloup, soimak tellop, bhomvtonnchea ghoddamoddinchi zannvikai korun gheup adi gozali ami choddxeo dolleachea adaran kortat. Dolleanchi halchal, dolle ugddop-dhampop, tanchem tez hatuntlean vegveglleo bhauna ukteo zatat. Mukhamollachi sobitokai khubxi dolleancher adarun asta. Haka lagun dollo ho ek mhotvacho ovyv zal'lean tachi zotnai gheup gorjechem.

Tokle sokoil fuddlea bhagant haddanchea funelache kholayent 24 mimi. Vasache godd'ddeavori vattkulle dolle bosoil'le astat. Tancho fuddlo bhag kaim promannant(bulged) fugir asta. Ho bhag komvcheuri asun taka parodrxonetropottol (Cornea) mhonnttat. Parodrxonetropottoli bhitor ek kallo podd'ddo asta, zaka poritarika (Iris) mhonnttat. Hea pott'tteavoileanoch monxachea dolleancho rong dista. Thoddeancho hea podd'ddeacho rong gharso va nillo va koslyai rongacho asum yeta. Thoddeancho hea podd'ddeacho rong gharso va nillo va koslyai rongacho asum yeta. Poritarikache modim ek vattkullopil) mhonnttat. Ho burak dolleacher ujvadd poddttokoch barik zata ani dolleant vochpi ujvaddachem niyontronn korta.

Dolleachea angak tin thor astat. Bhaileak xvetpottol (sciera) mhonnttat. To dhovo asta. Dolleak ghottai divp ani dolleachea bhitl'loya bhagachi rakhonn korpachem kam' korta. Parodrxonetropottol (Cornea) ho hachoch fuddlo bhag asta. Modlo thor dolleak ahar pauyta. Hache fuddlem vottenchean fattim oxem tin bhag asat. Poritarika (Iris), romok (Ciliary) ani ronjitopottol (Choroid), drixttipottol (Retina) uho soglleant bhitl'lo podd'ddo. Ami polloitat tea vostunchi hacher pirtima toyar zata. (Visual impression) drixttipottolauyorochi protima netrocheta (optic nerve)vorvim mendvak pauta. Dolleak jem dixtti poddtta tem netrocheta (optic nerve) mendvant vhorta ani thoim khori nimanni lomjikai zata. Baulechea fattlean axil'lea bhagak sfottikobhing (Crystalline Lens) mhonnttat. Dolleachea bhingamukhauyoli suvat poritarika don bhag korta. (1)bhaili kudd (Anterior chamber) ani (2)bhitl'li kudd (Posterior chamber). Bhaili kudd hatunt udkauri() ani bhitl'li kudd hatunt jeli () asta. Dolleacho pateo ani bhumveo dolleak tenkunuch punn bhaile votten astat. Teo fuddle votten dolleanchi rakhonn kortat. Dolleant dhul'l, dhumvr, kuskutt va kosli-i addkholl vochcheadim pateo bond zatat ani dolleank mar lagna. Pateo ukteo ani bond zaupachem niyontronn mendvant asta. Pateo minttak 11-14 fautt ukteo ani bond zatat. Hea vellar teo dolleant poddil'lo koir adi nivll kortat ani dolleanchim dukam harxacher patllaitat. Haka lagun dolleacho harso olo urta. (harso suklear to dhovo zata ani dispachem bond zata.) monxak puro zata ten'na xorirak ani mendvak suxeg zai asta. Dollem uktem dourun add poddlear xorirak suxeg melltta punn mendvak mellna. Jemeren dollem uktem astat temeren mendvachem kam' chalu asta dekhun monxak nhid yeta ten'na apxinch dollem lhou lhou bond zatat.

Dukam vahini (Lacrymal Systems) dolleachea, nakachea ordan asta. Hatuntoli dukangantth toyar korta, dukam dollo olo korta ani tatuntleo ontorvostu dolleank somsrgaposun vattaitat. Dolleant dukam zai tachem poros chodd aslear dukamvahinitlean tim nakant votat. Toxench monis roddtta ten'na dukam nakant yetat. Nakant thonddi zalear ken'naken'nai dolle tambdde zatat va zollttat. Karonn dolleacho sombond nakakodden asta.

Dolleank haloupi so snayu astat. Hem dolleak vegvegolle votten ghumvddaitat. Hanchem niyontronn mendvant astat. Donoi dolleam'modim ani matxem sokoil nak asta. Dolleachea voileutten mendu zalear matxem sokoil ani ujvem votten sainos asta. He sogllem bhag vegvegllea haddam'modim astat.

Dolleachem vikar upzot (Congenital and Developmental) sade, gombhir ani nodrek mar korpi (Affecting vision) astat. Ek-ek bhurgem dolle nastanach (Anophthalmos) zolmank yeunk xokta. Ken'na ken'nai bhurgeak ekuch dollo asta va ordokutto toyar zal'lo dollo (Rudimentary eye) asta. Kaim khepek dolle sogllem sarkem asunuy tancho khoinchoi ek bhag sarko nasta. (Opaque Cornea) va akhkho bhag nasta va poritarika nasop (Aniridia), bhing nasop (congenital Apanakia) oxem-i zata. Zolmak yetnach va thoddea vorsamnich bhurgeak motibindu (Cataract), tumbor (Dermoid), kensor (Retinoblastoma) zaunk xokta. Motibindu ani tumbor eporexon korun bore zaum yetat. Punn kensor zalear chodd korun dollo kaddcho poddtta.

Rong sarkem vollkhunk no yeup haka rong andhllemponn mhonnttat. Hea duyemsak ozunomeren upai sapddunk na. Hem duyems nodrek mar korina. Punn duyentik rongancheo soya sarkeo vollkhunk yenat. Ratchem va matxem kallkhant legit unnem disop hem ratandhollemponn. Hem duyems 10 -15 vorsancher suru zata. Haka upai na. Hem pillgemn pillgeo mukhar vochpi voxachem duyems. Ken'naken'nai tem ek pillgi soddun dusrem pillgek zata. Hea duyemsak upai naxil'lo. Punn halinch kyuba hea dexant hacher upai sodun kaddlam. Ken'na ken'nai dolleant kuskutt, remvecho konn, barik jivo va her koslem-i barik kuskutt poddunk xokta. Hem kuskutt rokddench kaddpak zai. Tem toxench urlear nodrek bada haddunk xokta.

Oksmat dolleant boddi va her kitem-i toplear va opghat zalear dolleak va dolleachea harxeak mar bosunk xokta. Oxem zalear eporexon korun dollo vattamv yeta. Kaim khompek parodrxonetropottolak dhovo dag uril'lean (White Opacity) nodor ochkit unni zaunk xokta. Oxa monxacho parodrxokonetropottol kapun kaddun taka mel'lea monxacho (mortokoch rokhddoch) parodrxokonetropottol kaddun eporexon korun ghalunk zata. Hem eporexon tea monxachea mornnaposun so vorambhitoruch korunk zai. Mel'lo monis tornne pirayecho aslear (20 te 40 vorsam) hea eporexonan kerattoplastti (keratoplasty) mhonnttat.

Dolleacho podd'ddo suttlear eka minttabhitor va voram bhitor va ek don disamni monxanchi nodor samkim unni zata. Hi nodor thoddea mhoineamni va ek-dedd vorsam bhitor lhou lhou zalear motibindu va gleaukoma (Glaucoma) zaunk xokta. Gleaukoma zalear thoddea monxank bolbam bhomvtonnim vanttkullam distat. Him sogllim duyemsam choddkorun challis vorsam uprant zatat. Nodor unnim zata hem kollttotokoch rokddench dolleanchea dotorak mellun favo to upai gheupak zai.

Dolleank kaim torecheo somsrgik pidda zaunk xoktat. Dekhik, dolleanchi sai. Hem duyems eka monxamposun dusrea monxak vochunk xokta. Taka lagun dolle ayil'lea monxan apleo vostu veglleo dourcheo poddttat. Dolleak hat lailear hat xabu laun dhuvonche poddttat. Dollem tambdde zaup, votank polloilear tras zaup va dolleant kuskutt poddil'leurim disop hem parodrxonetropottolacho xoth va infekxon. Haka votachem kallem okl launche poddtta. Toxench, dotoracho rokddoch sol'lo ghena zalear parodrxonetropottolak mar bosun nodor unnim zaupacho sombhou asta.

Dolleank toretorechi aelorji-i zaum yeta. Bhurgeanchea pottant dont aslear va ttibichem duyems aslear dolleak parodrxokonetropottola bhomvtonnim barik barik pulleo yetat. Haka Phlyetenular conjunctivitis oxem mhonnttat. Haka lagun duyentik jem duyems zalam tachoch purai toren upai zaunk zai. Na zalear hem duyems porot zaunk xokta. Hi aelorji uballa disamni zata. Choleamporos choleank hi aelorji chodd zata. Hi soimik aelorji (Atmospheric or Environmental) so-so mhoineamni va vorsan vors zata. Molom' va thembeanchim vokhdam ghalun hem duyems thamboum yeta. Gamv bodlun xudhd hovechea dusrea gamvant votkochuy kaim lok bore zatat. Kaim khepe hem duyems apxinch bhurgo vhodd zatkoch vota.

Dolleancher tann yeup va tokli usllop hem dolleanchem samany duyems. Choddxem sogllea lokank ken'na na ken'na zata. Disbhor kamachea tannan hem duyems zaum yeta va kaim khepe unnea ujvaddant vachop, khub vell tti. Vi polloup haka lagun dolleancher tann yeta ani tokli usllotta. Hachor upai mhollear dolle thondd udkan dhuvp va zata titlo dolleank suseg divp. Rifrekttivo aeror hem-i tokli usllopachem ek samany karonn. Chodd korun okl lagpachea vellar oxi tokli usllotta. Oksache harxem matxe rongit (tinted) va fottokromettik (he harxe votant votkoch gadd zatat ani saullek porot levo zatat.) kelear dolleanchi rakhonn zata. Thoddeank datt (vixtiche) harxe lagtat. Punn okl laupachi itsa nasta oxa vellar konnttektt lens ho prokar upegi poddtta. Nuseachea khoullayede plasttikoche harxe koxe he konnttektt lens dolleamni bosoitat. Hacheurovim monis besboro pollounk xokta. Techpori tea monxak okl laglam hem-i kollna.

Sadaronnoponnan challis vorsam zalim monxak unnem disunk lagta. Karonn dolleant axil'lim sfottikobhingachi xokt (Elasticity) unni zata. Hea porivrtonak Presbyopia mhonnttat. Haka okl laup gorjechem. Punn don te oddez vorsamni nombor bodlocho poddtta. Kaim zann soundryoprosadhonant mekopacho vapor korta, zaka lagun dolleak dukhapot zaunk xokta. Haka lagun mekop vaprota astona bore proticho ani samballun vapropachi goroz asa.

Donoi dolleachem nodrechem kendrikoronn polloita te gozalicher ekach vellar ani ekech ollint zaunk zai. Jen'na hem zaina ten'na eka dolleachi nodor ekekodden ani dusreachi dusrekodden zata. Hakai tirxemponn mhonnttat. Hi zolmozat va uprantchea karnnank lagun udbhouleli dolleanchi vikriti asta. Dollem topasun khas toyar kel'lem okl laun hem tirxemponn lhou lhou korun unnem zait votam. Dollem bore urpakhatir kaim gozalim korcheo poddttat teo oxo

  1  nhidche poilim dollem sodanch xabban dhuvn gheunche.
  2  Sureak chodd korun girannadisa nikhttea dollAeamni pollouchem nhoi.
  3  Unnea ujvaddant vachop korchem nhoi.
  4  Choltem gaddyent vachop korchem nhoi. Vachpachem pustok choddxem 35 - 40 sem'mi. Ontracher dhorun vachchem.
  5  Tti.Vhi. Polleupak skrinisakun borench pois boschem ani bhomvtonnocho ek tori divo pettoun dourocho.
  6  Dollem bore douropak pois mollbant va doreadeger sokallim va sanjechem pollouchem. Zaka lagun Visual System ko suseg melltta ani dolleank vikar unnem zatat.

 Motibindu 

dolleantlea bhingachem okaryokxomotayek lagun zaupi nodor dox. Okaryokxom' bhing dhovem poddlem mhonnttokoch tachi oparodrxokotai noxtt zata. Haka lagun dolleafuddolem vostuchi protima dolleachea drik pottlacher (Retina) ek tor sarki disna va samkinch disna. Ho motibindu zolmotonach bhurgeachem vaddttem piriyecher, zanntti piri-i zatkoch va dolleankomar boslear zaunk xokta. Kaim zannanchea bhingak il'lea il'lea kuddkeanim zalear kaim zannachem purai bhing dhovem zata.

Zolmozat motibindu

ho motibindu bhurgeak zolmotonach asta. Gurvar bailek poilea tin mhoineam'modim rubelam (Rubella) va zormon mijhls (sursurem) zait zalear tachi bada bhurgeak zata ani pottant astonach taka motibindu zata. Tech vangdda bhurgeak kallzachem, mendvachem, kanachem duyems zaum xokta. Tekhatir zormon mijhls zal'le gurvar bailek dotor gorbhopat korun gheupak sangta.

Vikasojny motibindu

kaim bhurgeak vaddtte pirayecher tortorecheo dhoveo va rongit oxo tikleo bhingacher toyar zata. Hea tikleanchea akara voilean ani disnnea voilean tancheo zatim astat. Dekhik : akarapromann - fyujhiform', korlifarm', ddiskoidd, zhonular, koronori.
Thollauylean

ogr ani poxch okxi-i, (Satural, Embryonal Nuclear.)
dispapromann

Cataracta Coerulia va byu ddott motibindu.

Monddli-i motibindu

ho jeunn khannachem pramann unnem aslear va vittamin ddi unnem aslear zaunk xokta. 12-14 vorsancher zait zalear taka koronori motibindu mhonnttat.
Zolmozat va vikasojny motibindu

zolmotonach va bhurgem vhodd zata ten'na dolleamodim bhailea harxeacher ek dhovi vanttkulli tikli asta. Oslea bhurgeak eka dollean motibindu asot zalear taka nodor thoddi asta. Donoi dolleamni motibindu aslear nodor samki unni asta ani bhurgem hatat dil'lea va dakhoil'lea vostukodde durlokx korta. Motibindu unneapromannant aslear nodor unnim zaina ani duyentikoi motibinduchi zann asna. Punn dolleachea dotorakodden votkoch ho dox kolltta. Dekhun taka lhan aslear xostrokria korpachi goroz choddxim nasat. Ho motibindu vaddlo ani disop unnem zait zalear xostrokria korchich poddtta. Zolmotonach bhurgeak chodd motibindu aslear bhurgeak so mhoine zatkoch rokddich xostrokria korchi poddtta. Karonn bhurgeachea dolleache bhag sarkem toyar zaupak so mhoine lagtat.

Ekvairdd kettrektt (Aquired Cataract)

Borea bhingak bada zatkoch oxem torecho motibindu zata. Bhoutik ani rosainik karnnak lagun bhingak bada yeunk xokta. Hea motibinduchem vegvegollem prokar asat te oxem

    vardhokyojny motibindu (Senile) : he don toreche astat.

    Onnukendri-i : ho bhingamodim asta. 40 vorsam uprant zaupi ho motibindu kon'na ken'nai rongit asta. Dekhik - kettrektt brunesens (Catarata Brunescens) ho motibindu matyekoracho ani kallea korachoi asta. Hea monxank votant gelear sarkem disna ani votachea oklan va saullent borem dista.
    Bahy motibindu (Cortical cataract) : bhingachea bhailea bhagant zaupi ho motibindu choddkorun pirai pon'nas vorsam zatkoch zata. Ho motibindu zal'lea monxank votat borem dista. Ani saullek sarkem disna hatunt 5 ovstha asat - o) purvaustha (Lamellar separation) bo) insipiynntt kettrektt (Incipient cataract) ko) inttyunesentt kettrektt (Intunescent cataract) : nodor unnim zaup. Ddo) pokvaustha (Mature cataract) motibindu pikop ani samkench disop na. I) otipkvaustha (Hypermature cataract) : motibindu pikop ani nodor samkich vochop.

    Kichkotticho motibindu (Complicated) : dolleachea her bhagak koslim-i duyemsa zalear bhingak favo te poxonn zaina (Nutrition) ani he torecho motibindu zata.
    Sorvanginn rogak lagun zaupi motibindu (cataract due to systemic Disease) : monxank goddem'mut, gelekttosemiya (Galactosemia) oxe toreche sogllea angache rog aslear motibindu zaunk xoktat.
    Kirnniyojny motibindu (cataract due to Radiant Energy): ujeachi va votachi uxnnotai, kx-kironn va reddiym', techpori vijecho khor xok legit monxak motibindu zaunk karonn zaum yeta.
    Aghatojny motibindu( Traumatic cataract) : dolleank kosloi mar bosot zalear he motibindu zaunk xokta.

Ekvairdd kettrektt (Acquired cataract) ho motibindu zata ten'na monxachea dolleamukhar kallem thipke distat. Dollem ghumvtat toxem hem thipke ghumvtat. Dott'tti, titt'tti va khub protibimba disop he survechem ek chin'n. Zoxim zoxim oparodrxokotai vaddot vota toxi toxi monxachi nodor unnim zait vota. Oparodrxokotai bhingachem modim aslear monxak votan geleat sarkem disna ani saullenk va mond ujvaddan horem dista. Punn hi oparodrxokotai bhingachem bhomvtonnim aslear saullent sarkem disna ani votan vhoddloso tras zaina. Khub fauttim monxak mainos nombor (-) yeta (Lenticular Myopia) ani ho thoddea thoddea mhoineamni vaddot vota. Zoxi oparodrxokotai vhodd zata toxi nodor unnim zata ani nimannem fokot ujvadd dollear ghaltokoch vollkhunk yeta.

Zolmotonach va vaddtto pirayecher zal'lo (bhurgeak) motibindu samko lhan asa ani nodor sadaronn bori asa zalear kosloch upai korpachi vhoddlixi goroz urna. Fokot dotorakodden vochun neman topasun gheupak zai. Punn ho motabindu vhodd zata va nodor unni zata oxem dislear mat eporexon korchem poddtta. Zal'lea bhurgeak motibindu asa oxem dislear lo mhoineamuporant tannem eporexon korchem poddtta. Nazalear to dollo allxi ani tirso zaunk xokta.

Aekvairdd motibindu zalear surveche ovsthent thembe ghalear monxak matxem borem disunk xokta va motibindu vaddpacho bond zata va tachi vadd mond zata. Punn her koslyai karnnank lagun (dekhik -goddem'mut va her rog) zalear te piddecher vokhod gheunk survat kortokoch to vaddpacho bond zata va ken'nai boro zaunk xokta. Insipienntt ovsthet piddestachea oklacho nombor zoso zoso bodlota toxem toxem harxem bodlot raulear matxem borem dista. Oklachem harxem matxem rongit va kalle fottokromettik aslear bore. Motibindu modim aslear bauli (pupil) vhoddli zaupachem thembe ghalun borem disunk xokta. Motibindu zatkoch, to piktokoch va oti piktokoch monxak sarkem disna oxa vellar xostrokriya hoch ek upai asat.

Xostrokriya

sadaronnoponnan xostrokrieche tin prokar asat-

    somputtantrgot xostrokria
    somputtaban xostrokria
    bhing khonddan va bhing paisikoronn

xostrokria korchem adim piddestak topasun tachi purai mhaiti gheunchi poddtta. Taka her koslem-i piddechi bada asa kaim kitem he mut, rogot topasun pollounche poddtta. Piddest chodd zanntto aslear tachea hodd'ddeacho fotto (eks-re) va karddiogram' kaddun koslem duyem-i asa hem pollounche poddtta. Xostrokriechi tora pexonttauylean thoroitat. Lhan bhurgeachea motibinduchi xostrokria korun bhingachi poti ukti korun motibindu dhuvn kaddttat. Piddestachi pirai zal'li aslear 40-45 vorsamvoir purai motibindu, bhingachi poti ukti korun dhuvn kaddttat va potyesokott bhing kaddttat. Dolleacho to bhag kaddttokoch tea zagear dusro bag ghalcho poddtta ani hem tin toramni korum yeta.

    Eporexon korun ek-dedd mhoineani datt okl divp
    so mhoineachea uprant konnttektt lens divp. Samkea lhan bhurgeak va khub zannttea monxak konnttektt lens vaprunk zomna oslea piddestak datt okl launche poddtta.
    Eporexon kortokoch motibindu kaddun zatkoch bhingache potyent va poti ani bauli hachem'modim ek plasttik bhing bosoitat haka lens iplamyottexon oxem mhonnttat. Halinchea kallant choddxem piddest sorras ponnan hech eporexon korun ghetat.

Zotnai

    gurvar bailek sursurem zalear ballontinnichea dotorakodde sol'lo gheun gorbhopat korpachi goroz aslear korun gheuncho.
    Goddem'mutasaroki duyemsa aslear ani ti tabeant dourlear motibindu zaupachi xokyotai unnim zata.
    Votant bhomvtona votachem, matxem rongit va fottokromettik okl launche.
    Veldding, girann va sureak uktea dolleamni pollouncho nhoi.
    Uxnnotent kam' korpeamni prottekttivo gogls vaprochim.
    Vidyut xoktiposun zotnai gheunchi ani xok ttallcho.
    Dolleak kosloch mar bospak divoncho nhoi.
    Jeunn choddxem puxttik, prothinoyukt ani jiunostvacho aspavo axil'lem aschem

gorib lokank, zachem khannjeunn puxttik nasta tanka,kamgar lokank ani produxit vatauronnant raupi lokank motibindu zaupacho sombhou chodd asta.
Motibindu ani her duyemsancho sombond

 Motibindu ani her duyemsancho sombond 

mongoli muddhta (Mongolism), katari lokxonn somuh (Turner's syndrome), goddem'mut (Diabeties), tantrikojny isop (Atopiceczema) hea sarkea piddam vangdda motibindu asunk xokta.

Motibinduchi poilim xostrokria soglleant poilim bhartant suxrrita hannem sodun kaddli. Tachem fattlean ijipt, gris, rom', orobsthan hea dexamni sod laglo. He xostrokriek kauching (couching) oxem mhonnttat. Hatunt dolleacho motibindu hat, bott va ani kitem-i marun dolleant bhitor sokoil uddoup (motibindu ontrallim asta. To uddoit zalear modim baulechi vatt nivll zata ani monxak disunk lagta). Hich xostrokria krixtaadim sumar 1000 vorsam te 18 vea xotmanameren choltali. Motibindu dolleachea bhair kaddun uddoupachi poili xostrokria 1753t zoks ddeviyl (ho luis 15 vo hacho dolleacho sorzon axil'lo) hannem perisak keli. Von grif hannem 1865t xostrokriechem tontr matxem sudarolem. Poile ttanke vil'lyom' hannem 1867t vaprole. He xostrokriek gungi divpachem tontr ven lintt an o brain hannem sodun kaddlem. 1508 vorsa lirnodd do. Vini hannem konnttektt lensicho sod lailo. Vilyom' fen blyum' hannem poilem khepek plasttikacho vapor porun konnttoktt lens toyar kel'leo. Deroldd riddle hannem 1953 vorsa poilem khepe dolleant plasttik lens bosoili.

Motibindu khoinchey pirayecher zaunk xokta. 50 vorsa uprantocho motibindu he kudd'ddemponnache mukhel karonn. Zolmost ani bhurgemponnachea kudd'ddemponnant 14% motibindu asta. Zanntteponnacho motibindu 40 vorsam zaun ken'nai zaunk xokta ani ho 40 vorsancher 35% asta. Fuddem to vaddot vaddot 70 vorsam voir 90% zata. Somvsarant kudd'ddeanchi sonkhea sarki kollna. Punn ti 5.10 kotti asunk zai. Bhartant 70 lakh motibinduchem piddest asat. Axiakhonddat motibinduchem promann 1.5 - 2 % asa. Bhartant te 1.5 x 2 % asa. Konkonn ani 1.25 -1.5 % asa. Bhartant her sogllea rajeaporos gõyant temut'tor prodex ani biharant motibinduchem promann chodd dixtti poddtta.

Netropeddi (Eye Bank)

mel'lea va jitea monxanchea dolleachem zoton ani somvrdhon korun douropi ani gorjepromann dolleanchi purounn korpi somstha. Dolleache okaryokxom' parodrxonetropottol (dolleancho fuddlo podd'ddo) kaddun tea zagear jivea va mel'lea monxache karyokxom' oxem parodrxonetropottol kolom' korop xoky asa. Jivea monxachem nitoll monddoll mellop samkem oxky tori mel'lea monxachea dolleacho upeg jivea monxak nodor divpak zata. Mel'lea monxachea parodrxonetropottolacho vapor kortolo zalear tem mornna uprant tin voram bhitor kaddun gheunchem poddtta. Hea pottlachem kolom' tem kaddun ghet sakun so vorambhitor korchem poddtta. Punn arvil'lea tontrogineana vorvim oxem dollem ek - don mhoine samballun douropachi tojvaz asa. Mel'lea monxachi parodrxonetropottol mellpachi ek vhoddli oddchonn mhonnjem mel'lea monxachem hem pottol kaddpak zaupi virodh. Te bhair zachem pottol kaddttat tea monxak bhailem piddesaroki pidda asunk fauna. Aplea khoinchyai ovyvachem dan korpi danoptr monxan jitemponnim kel'lem asot zalear tachea mornna uprant tachem dollem kaddpak konnachi addkholl yena. Punn tachea laginchea monxamni hem danoptr manun gheup chodd gorjechem. Bharot dhorun soglleach dexamni voiki mollamvyleo somstha netrodanacho prosar korit asat. Haka lagun dollem kaddpachem toxench parodrxonetropottolachem kolom' korpachem prokriek margodrxon ani adar zata.

1840 to mul bour ani 1844 to vuttzhor hea zormon xastramni monzatinchea dolleachem monxank kolom' korpachem yotn kelem. Punn tanka tatunt yox ailem na. Uprant 1888 to enosrtt hu ani eka zormon netrovoizan tachem fuddem sonxodhon kelem. 1908 vorsa plong hea dolleanchea dotoran kudd'ddea monxachea dolleantolem parodrxonetropottol kaddun teach monxachea dusrea dolleant tachem kolom' kelem ani tem yessvi zalem. Hea proyogak uprant oxo xostrokria somvsarobhor asat.

 Polleiat 
Eye

 Chitr Prodorxonn 

 Sondorbh 

वर्ग:Kudd, Ang Xhastr
वर्ग:Vignean
वर्ग:Romi panam