Lingua choctaw

A lingua choctaw é unha lingua da familia muskogee tradicionalmente falada polo pobo nativo americano choctaw, do sueste dos Estados Unidos. Malia que o chickasaw é clasificado coma un dialecto do choctaw, un estudo máis exhaustivo do chickasaw demostrou que son linguas diferentes pero estreitamente relacionadas.Munro 1984 O choctaw está clasificado como "vulnerable" polo Libro Vermello das Linguas Ameazadas da UNESCO.

 Ortografía 
A escrita da lingua choctaw está baseada na versión inglesa do alfabeto latino e foi desenvolvido polo programa de civilización dos Estados Unidos a comezos do século XIX. Malia existir outras variación do alfabeto choctaw, as tres formas máis comúns son o de Byington (Orixinal), Byington/Swanton (Lingüístico), e o Moderno (Mississippi Choctaw).

 Byington (Orixinal) 
570px|miniatura|centro|Alfabeto choctaw atopado en Chahta Holisso Ai Isht Ia Vmmona, anos 1800.

 Byington/Swanton (Lingüístico) 
570px|miniatura|centro|Alfabeto lingüístico choctaw atopado no Choctaw Language Dictionary de Cyrus Byington, editado por John Swanton, 1909.

 Moderno (Mississippi Choctaw) 
570px|miniatura|centro|Alfabeto moderno usado na actualidade.

 Notas 

 Véxase tamén 

 Outros artigos 
 Wikipedia en choctaw
 Locutores de claves choctaw
 Bibliografía 

 Broadwell, George Aaron. (2006). A Choctaw reference grammar. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
 Broadwell, George Aaron. (1991).  "Speaker and self in Choctaw". International Journal of American Linguistics, 57, 411-425.
 Byington, Cyrus. (1915). A dictionary of the Choctaw language. J. R. Swanton & H. S. Halbert (Eds.). Bureau of American Ethnology bulletin 46. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. (Reprinted 1973 & 1978).
 Davies, William. (1986). Choctaw verb agreement and universal grammar." Reidel.
 Downing, Todd. (1974). Chahta anompa: An introduction to the Choctaw language (3rd ed.). Durant, OK: Choctaw Bilingual Education Program, Southeastern Oklahoma State University.
 Haag, Marcia e Willis, Henry.  (2001). Choctaw Language & Culture: Chahta Anumpa, University of Oklahoma Press.
 Haag, Marcia e Fowler, Loretta.  (2001). Chahta Anumpa: A Choctaw Tutorial CD-ROM, University of Oklahoma Press.
 Heath, Jeffrey. (1977). Choctaw cases. Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistic Society, 3, 204-213.
 Heath, Jeffrey. (1980). Choctaw suppletive verbs and derivational morphology.
 Howard, Gregg; Eby, Richard; Jones, Charles G. (1991). Introduction to Choctaw: A primer for learning to speak, read and write the Choctaw language. Fayetteville, AR: VIP Pub.
 Jacob, Betty. (1980). Choctaw and Chickasaw. Abstract of paper delivered at the 1978 Muskogean conference. International Journal of American Linguistics, 46, 43.
 Jacob, Betty; Nicklas, Thurston Dale; & Spencer, Betty Lou. (1977). Introduction to Choctaw. Durant, OK: Choctaw Bilingual Education Program, Southeastern Oklahoma State University.
 Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
 Munro, Pamela. (1987). Some morphological differences between Chickasaw and Choctaw. In P. Munro (Ed.), Muskogean linguistics (pp. 119–133). Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Linguistics.
 Munro, Pamela (Ed.). (1987). Muskogean linguistics. UCLA occasional papers in linguistics (No. 6). Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Linguistics.
 Nicklas, Thurston Dale. (1974). The elements of Choctaw. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor).
 Nicklas, Thurston Dale. (1975). Choctaw morphophonemics. In J. Crawford (Ed.), Studies in southeastern Indian languages (pp. 237–249). Athens: University of Georgia.
 Nicklas, Thurston Dale. (1979). Reference grammar of the Choctaw language. Durant, OK: Choctaw Bilingual Education Program, Southeastern Oklahoma State University.
 Pulte, William. (1975). The position of Chickasaw in Western Muskogean. In J. Crawford (Ed.), Studies in southeastern Indian languages (pp. 251–263). Athens: University of Georgia.
 Ulrich, Charles H. (1986). Choctaw morphophonology. (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles).
 Ulrich, Charles H. (1987). Choctaw g-grades and y-grades. En P. Munro (Ed.), Muskogean linguistics (pp. 171–178). Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Linguistics.
 Ulrich, Charles H. (1987). Choctaw verb grades and the nature of syllabification. In A. Bosch, B. Need, & E. Schiller (Eds.), Papers from the 23rd annual regional meeting. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
 Ulrich, Charles H. (1988). The morphophonology of Choctaw verb roots and valence suffixes. En W. Shipley (Ed.), In honor of Mary Haas: From the Haas Festival conference on Native American linguistics'' (pp. 805–818). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN

 Ligazóns externas 
Gramática da lingua choctaw
English and Choctaw Definer
Dicionario Inglés-Choctaw
Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians
Nación Choctaw de Oklahoma
Choctaw


Categoría:Linguas muskogees
Categoría:Linguas aglutinantes
Categoría:Linguas dos Estados Unidos de América
Categoría:Revitalización de linguas nativas americanas