Spermatophyta

Is éard is planda síl nó spermatophyte (go litriúil;  'planda síl';Introduction to the Spermatophytes: The seed plants. (n.d.). University of California Museum of Paleontology. Retrieved February 15, 2026, from https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/seedplants/seedplants.html ón tSean-Ghréigis σπέρματος (spérmatos) 'síol',Definition of “spermato-.” (n.d.). Collins Dictionaries. Retrieved February 15, 2026, from https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/spermato agus φυτόν (phytón) 'planda'),Definition of “phyton.” (n.d.). Collins Dictionaries. Retrieved February 15, 2026, from https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/phyton ar a dtugtar freisin fanaragam (tacsan Phanerogamae),subphylum seed plants Spermatophytes. (n.d.). BioLib. Retrieved February 15, 2026, from https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id2025764/ ná aon phlanda soithíoch a tháirgeann síolta.seed plant. (n.d.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 15, 2026, from https://www.britannica.com/plant/spermatophyte Is catagóir d'Embryophyta (.i. planda talún)Magallón, S., & Hilu, K. W. (2009). Land plants (Embryophyta). The timetree of life, 133-137. é a chuimsíonn an chuid is mó de na plandaí talún coitianta, lena n-áirítear na hAngiospermae (.i. plandaí bláthanna) agus na Gymnosperme (ga.gimnispeirm), ach ní na raithnigh, caonaigh nó algaí.Pandian, T. J. (2022). Evolution and speciation in plants. CRC Press.

Díorthaítear an téarma fanaragam nó phanerogamae ón tSean-Ghréigis φανερός (phanerós), a chiallaíonn "infheicthe",Origin and history of phanero-. (n.d.). Etymonline. Retrieved February 15, 2026, from https://www.etymonline.com/word/phanero- i gcodarsnacht leis an téarma "cryptogam" nó "cryptogamae" ón tSean-Ghréigis κρυπτός (kruptós) 'i bhfolach'),Definition of crypto. (n.d.). In Dictionary. Retrieved February 15, 2026, from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/crypto mar aon leis an iarmhír γαμέω (gaméō)γω (gaméō), "pósadh".Definition of “cryptogam.” (n.d.). Collins Dictionaries. Retrieved February 15, 2026, from https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/cryptogam Déanann na téarmaí seo idirdhealú idir na plandaí sin a bhfuil orgáin ghnéis fholaithe acu (cryptogamae)Artenschutz Kryptogamen. (n.d.). Landesamt Für Umwelt (LfU). Retrieved February 15, 2026, from https://www.lfu.bayern.de/natur/bayaz/artenschutz_kryptogamen/index.htm uathu siúd a bhfuil cinn infheicthe acu (phanerogamae).Reichardt, H. W. (1865). Die Sporenpflanzen und ihre Unterschiede von den Samenpflanzen: Vortrag, gahelten am 20. Dezember 1865.

Tuairisc
Comhdhéanann na spermatophyta atá ar marthain cúig rannán, agus aicmítear na chéad cheithre cinn díobh mar Gymnospermae, plandaí a bhfuil síolfholaithe nó “síolta nocht” acu:Gymnosperms. (n.d.). The Gymnosperm Database. Retrieved February 15, 2026, from https://www.conifers.org/zz/gymnosperms.php

Cycadophyta - grúpa fothrópaiceach agus trópaiceach de phlandaíCycadales. (n.d.). The Gymnosperm Database. Retrieved February 14, 2026, from https://www.conifers.org/zz/Cycadales.php
Ginkgophyta- níl ach speiceas amháin ar marthain, Ginkgo bilobaDilgen, T. (n.d.). What the Ginkgo Can Teach Us about an Environmentally Conscious Future. Natural Selections. Retrieved February 15, 2026, from https://selections.rockefeller.edu/what-the-ginkgo-can-teach-us-about-an-environmentally-conscious-future/
Pinophyta - cuimsíonn cónaiféir, crainn a tháirgeann buaircíní (cóin)Plant Profile: Conifers. (2025, December 11). Powell Gardens. Retrieved February 15, 2026, from https://powellgardens.org/plant-profile-conifers/
Gnetophyta - cuimsíonn plandaí den 96 speiceas, grúpáilte faoina trí finte Ephedra (fine Ephedraceae), Gnetum (fine Gnetaceae), agus Welwitschia (fine Welwitschiaceae)Gnetales. (n.d.). The Gymnosperm Database. Retrieved February 15, 2026, from https://www.conifers.org/zz/gnetales.php

Is é an cúigiú rannán atá ar marthain ná na hAngiospermae (nó Magnoliophyta.), ar a dtugtar freisin plandaí bláthanna, an grúpa is mó agus is éagsúla de na Spermatophytes:
Angiospermae - na plandaí bláthanna, tá síolta folaithe i dtorthaí, murab ionann agus gymnosperms.angiosperm. (n.d.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 15, 2026, from https://www.britannica.com/plant/angiosperm

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Catagóir:Bitheolaíocht