Ali Chamenei

Ali Hosseini Chamenei (Perzysk: سید علی حسینی خامنه‌ای , کصکش اعظم‎‎, [ʔæˈliː hoseiˈniː χɒːmeneˈʔiː], Mashhad (Iran), 19 april 1939 - Teheran (Iran), 28 febrewaris 2026 wie in Iraansk sjiïtyske geastlike en politikus en tsjinne as de heechste lieder fan 1989, as opfolger fan grutajatollah Rûholla Chomeini, oant syn moard yn 2026, itjinge him as de langst regearjende steatshaad yn it Midden-Easten en de langst regearjende steatshaad fan Iran sûnt sjah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi makke. Hy tsjinne earder as presidint fan Iran fan 1981 oant 1989.

 Jonkheid en oplieding 
Ali Chamenei waard berne op 19 april 1939 yn Mashhad yn it noardwesten fan Iran as soan fan Javed Chamenei, in islamitysk gelearde, en Chadijeh Mirdamani, as twadde fan acht bern. Hy wie lid fan de dynasty Chamenei. Syn heit wie in etnyske Azerbeidzjaan yn it noardwesten fan Iran, en syn mem wie in etnysk Perzyske. Hy studearre hawza yn syn berteplak Mahhad. Hy rekke dêr belutsen by in organisaasje dy't foar islamitysk sosjalisme pleite en waard beynfloede troch figueren lykas Karl Marx, Che Guevara en Tito. Yn 1958 sette er him nei wenjen yn Qom, dêr't er klassen folge fan Rûholla Chomeini. Chamenei rekke belutsen by de opposysje tsjin de regearjende sjah fan Iran, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. Hy wie seis kear arrestearre foar't er ferballe wie foar trije jier troch it rezjym fan de sjah.

 Politike karriêre 
 Iere politike karriêre 
Chamenei wie in kaaifiguer by de Iraanske Revolúsje fan 1978/1979 en wie ien fan de meast wichtige fertrouwelingen fan Rûholla Chomeini. Nei de sukses fan de Revolúsje, dêr't Chomeini nei de macht grypte yn de nij foarme Islamityske Republyk Iran, ferfolle Chamenei ferskate hege funksjes. Yn 1981 wie Chamenei it doelwyt fan in moardoanslach troch de Iraanske Folksmûdjahadyn. Syn rjochterearm rekke dêr ferlamme troch dy't er dêr de rest fan syn libben net mear troch brûke koe. Dêr hawwe neitiids ferskate driigjende moardoanslaggen op syn libben west troch Israel. 

 Presidintskip  
Chamenei waard yn 1981, nei de moard op Mohammad-Ali Rajai, as tredde presidint keazen dêr't er 97% fan de stimmen by krige. Hy wie de earste geastlike dy't as presidint tsjinne. Chomeini woe ynearsten geastliken foar it presidintskip mije, dochst stimde dêr letter mei yn. Yn 1985 waard er fannijs as presidint keazen mei 87% fan de stimmen. 
Hy wie presidint yn de tiid fan de Iran-Irakkriich en yn dy snuorje rekke er nau belutsen mei de Revolúsjonêre Garde.

 Heechste lieder fan Iran  

As supreme leader, Khamenei supported Iran's nuclear program for civilian use while issuing a fatwa forbidding the production of weapons of mass destruction. Khamenei favoured economic privatization of state-owned industries and, with oil and gas reserves, transformed Iran into an "energy superpower". His foreign policy centered on Shia Islamism and exporting the Iranian Revolution. Khamenei played a pivotal role in the development of the IRGC, transforming it into a primary tool for domestic control and regional influence.[5] Under Khamenei, Iran supported the "Axis of Resistance" coalition in the Syrian civil war, War in Iraq, Yemeni civil war and the Gaza war, as well as Russia during the Russo-Ukrainian war. A staunch critic of Israel and of Zionism, Khamenei supported the Palestinians in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; his rhetoric included calls for Israel's destruction and antisemitic tropes. Under Khamenei, Iran was involved in proxy wars with Israel and Saudi Arabia; in 2025 and 2026, tensions with Israel and the United States escalated to a 12-day armed conflict and ongoing strikes.

Identified as a pragmatic hardliner, Khamenei sidelined leftist factions, moderate clerics, and political dissidents, while occasionally easing restrictions when the regime's stability or legitimacy had been threatened. His leadership had been closely associated with the expansion of state militarization and the consolidation of power within the office of the Supreme Leader.[5] Khamenei had also faced many protests, including the 1999 Iranian student protests, the 2009 Iranian presidential election protests, the 2011–2012 Iranian protests, the 2017–2018 Iranian protests, the 2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests, the 2019–2020 Iranian protests, the Mahsa Amini protests, and the 2025–2026 Iranian protests. Journalists, bloggers and other individuals were put on trial in Iran for the charges of insulting Supreme Leader Khamenei, often in conjunction with blasphemy charges. Their sentences included lashing and jail time; some of them died in custody. He was also known by the title Ayatollah and was considered one of the leading Shia Muslim marja' in the world. Khamenei's critics viewed him as a repressive despot responsible for repression, mass murders and other acts of injustice.

On 28 February 2026, Khamenei was killed in an airstrike during the 2026 Israeli–United States strikes on Iran.[6]