Hind Nawfal

Hindi Nawfal ( Arabic  , 1860 – 1920) ko jaayndiyanke Libannaajo Antiyokiyanke, binndoowo debbo, binndoowo debbo.   Ko kanko woni debbo gadano e nder winndere aarabeeɓe e nder nokkuuji MENA ɓurɗi yaajde ɗii, yaltinde jaaynde rewɓe, kadi ko kanko woni debbo gadano ƴellitoowo feminism.Zeidan, Joseph (1995). Arab Women Novelists: The Formative Years and Beyond. p. 46. ISBN 9780791421710.

Ende, Werner (2010). Islam in the World Today: A Handbook of Politics, Religion, Culture, and Society. Cornell University Press. p. 639. ISBN 978-0801464898.

Khairallah, Shereen (1996). "The Sisters of Men: Lebanese Women in History". pp. 178–179.

 Ɓiɓɓe e ngonka 
Hind Nawfal jibinaa ko to Tiripoli, leydi Liban hannde ndii .  Yumma makko, Maryam al-Nahhas jibinaa ko to Beyruut, o mawni ko e sahaa jiiɓru siwil e ŋakkeende faggudu to Beyruut hade makko resde baaba Nawfal Nasim nde o yahrata e duuɓi 16, kanko ɓuri mo duuɓi 10. Nasim Nawfal ummorii ko e galle Ortodoks Gerek ummoriiɗo Tiripoli, o mawni Hind ko Kerecee . 

Nawal janngii duɗe misiyoŋaaji to Beyruut haa ɓesngu nguu ummii ngam daɗde e senngooji Ottomaan en to Siri Ottomaan en, o hoɗi to Alexandrie e kitaale 1870, ɗo Hind janngi duɗal aadi.    E laamu Khedive Isma'il Pasha, Misra woppiino jokkere enɗam mum e bayyinde binndanɗe e gila e sahaa nde Angalteer heɓti Misra e hitaande 1882 kadi ina famɗiri senngooji mum e jaayndeeji. Nde leslesɓe e hakkundeeji puɗɗii waɗde heen ngalu mum en e binndol toowngol, keewal masiŋaaji binndi ɓeydiima, ko noon kadi cirƴagol kaɓirɗe binndol ɓeydii.

Hind Nawfal ina seerti e oon sahaa, sibu o ummii ko e galle ɗo yumma makko e baaba makko fof ngonnoo binndooɓe. Yumma Hind, hono Maryam, timminii saggitorde nguurndam, Ma’rid al-Hasna’ fi Tarajim Masharhir al-Nisa’ (Koolol debbo belɗo ngam nguurndam rewɓe mawɓe), rewɓe Fuɗnaange e Hirnaange. O halfini ɗum laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Cheshmat Hanim, debbo tataɓo Ismaa’il, ballitooɗo neɗɗo mum.  Baaba Hind e kaaw mum ina ngonnoo jaayndiyankooɓe e firooji e nder laamu Misra.  Baaba makko maa joofnu e ardaade biro jaaynde Hind ɗo miñiiko debbo biyeteeɗo Sarah kadi wallitta. 

 Al-Fatat 
Nawfal fuɗɗii jaaynde mum, al-Fatat (e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe: Debbo cukalel ), ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1892, e sahaa nde jaayɗe e jaayɗe ganndal ina ɓeydoo heewde e cirƴam, kadi ina ɓeydoo heewde janngooɓe rewɓe.  Kono tan, al-Fatat ko “gadanol e sifaa mum les asamaan Fuɗnaange”, Nawfal wiyi, e nder ɗuum ko jaaynde winndaande wonande rewɓe, e rewɓe, e ko fayti e rewɓe.   Nawfal ina anniyii “fawde kelle mum e perle ummoriiɗe e binndi rewɓe.” 

E nder tonngoode makko adannde, o hollitii paandaale makko e jaaynde ndee, tawi ina jeyaa heen daranaade hakkeeji rewɓe, hollirde miijooji mum en e ƴellitde golle mum en e golle mum en. O innitiri jaaynde ndee « ganndal, daartol, binndol, e koɗki ».  Kono nde yeewtataa politik, nde alaa “faandaare e luure diine.”  

Nawfal ina ƴoogi e jaayndeeji rewɓe caggal leydi ɗi woodnoo ko ina wona teeminannde e feccere ko adii nde o yaltini jaaynde makko. Jaaynde ndee ina yeewta geɗe bayɗe no dewgal, ceergal, suuɗde, seerndude, jaŋde, golle, jaŋde nder galle e wellitaare. Ina waɗi binndanɗe baɗɗe nguurndam rewɓe hirnaange ko wayi no laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria walla geɗe teskinɗe jowitiiɗe e rewɓe ko wayi no ina waɗi 252 debbo janngoowo safaara to Farayse wondude e 121 winndiyanke, 280 yimoowo, e 425 winndiyanke.  Jaaynde ndee ina hirjina jeewte e yeewtude toɓɓe ko wayi no tolnooji ŋarɗugol ceertuɗi gonɗi hakkunde leyɗeele ceertuɗe.

 Njawdi 
Nawfal resi Habib Dabbana e lewru ut 1893 ko o Siirinaajo golloowo e taƴre sariya ministeer kaalis, o woppi jaaynde makko ngam hootde e nguurndam galle e moƴƴere e hitaande 1894.  Hay so tawii al-Fatah duumii tan ko duuɓi ɗiɗi, ko kañum woni gadanol e nder aarabeeɓe alminisalt-maiyyare binndaaɗe e rewɓe, ɗe njottii fotde 30 hitaande, ɗe kawri e Rewolison Ejipt e hitaande 1919 .   E wiyde Nabila Ramdani, " al-Fatah ina yiyee ko deftere adannde yaltunde e nder doggol jaayɗe aarabeeɓe." Beth Baron hollitii wonde, "Jaayndeeji rewɓe aarabeeɓe ina ndokka en ƴoƴre daartol keeriinde e rokkude en fartaŋŋe heɓtude daande rewɓe mbele eɗen mbaawa ballondiral e nate goɗɗe nguurndam maɓɓe e sifaaji maɓɓe. E nder renndo, jaayɗe ɗee ina njeyaa e ɓurɗe ɓooyde e geɗe e nder aduna aarabeeɓe oo w sort limooje e waɗde e yaltinde golle maɓɓe no binndi tappirɗe nii." 

 Tuugnorgal