Esther Moyal

Esther Moyal (jibinaa ko Lazari walla al-Azharī;  1874, Beyruut – 1948, Jaffa) ko jaaynoowo, binndoowo, daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe yahuud Libannaajo . O siforaama wonde ganndo mawɗo e nder teeminannde 20ɓiire Nahda, walla Renaissance aarabeeɓe.  

 Nguurndam 
Moyal mawni ko e galle sefardi en hakkundeejo ummoriiɗo Siri,  omo anndi ɗemngal Arab, Farayse, e Engele, ko binndoowo aarabeejo biyeteeɗo Muḥammad al-Bakr janngini mo.   O heɓi dipolom makko e hitaande 1890, woni ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ameriknaajo sukaaɓe rewɓe to Beyruut  walla duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Protestan Siri .  Moyal jannginii e duɗe kerecee en e yahuud en, o firti defte e defte binndaaɗe e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe, ina heen defte Alexandre Dumas e Émile Zola . 

O golliima e pelle rewɓe keewɗe to Beyruut e kitaale 1890 : Fedde rewɓe Liban, Bākūrat Sūriya (« Fajiri Siri ») e Nahdat al-Nisā' (« Rewɓe ummitiiɓe »), fedde nde o sosi.   Moyal lomtii leydi Siri e nder fedde rewɓe e hitaande 1893 to Chicago.Behar, Moshe; Ben-Dor Benite, Zvi (2013). Modern Middle Eastern Jewish thought writings on identity, politics, and culture, 1893-1958. Brandeis University Press. pp. 28–70. ISBN 978-1-58465-884-9. OCLC 889332048.

Reuven Snir (2007). ""Mosaic Arabs" between Total and Conditioned Arabization: The Participation of Jews in Arabic Press and Journalism in Muslim Societies during the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 27 (2): 266. doi:10.1080/13602000701536208.

Franck Salameh (2019). Lebanon's Jewish Community. Fragments of Lives Arrested. London: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99667-7_1. ISBN 978-3-319-99666-0. 

E hitaande 1894, o resi janngoowo safaara, daraniiɗo haɓaade rafiiji, jaayndiyanke biyeteeɗo Shimon Moyal (Shim'on Yosef Moyal) e ɓeen ɗiɗo koɗi to Kayhayɗi.  Nde o woni to Kayhayɗi, Moyal wallitii Al-Fatat e Anis Al Janis .  Ndeen o sosi jaaynde rewɓe wiyeteende al-ʿAila ( The Family ) nde tonngoode mum adannde yalti ñalnde 1 mee 1899.  Al-Aila wonti jaaynde yontere kala e hitaande 1904.  Jaaynde ndee ina yettee no feewi, ina waɗi binndanɗe toppitiiɗe rewɓe winndereyankooje, binndanɗe jamaanu, binndanɗe jamaanu, binndanɗe jamaanu kubaruji. 

Ko o daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe no feewi. E nder kelle The Family, o limtii kuule makko tati jowitiiɗe e feminism:1. Debbo ko neɗɗo jiɗɗo nehdi, jogiiɗo ndimaagu e ɓernde golloowo

 2. O fotndi e neɗɗo kadi ngonka gonndigal makko ina fawii e njiimaandi makko

 3. Debbo ina jogii sifaaji keertiiɗi ɗi tawaaka e gorko, so tawii o ɓuri ɗum doole ɓanndu e yiɗde, ndeen noon o ɓuri ɗum e laaɓtude miijooji mum e laaɓal yi’annde mum ; rokkaama feere heɓde jaŋde, o nanndi e makko e ɗaɗi e jikkuuji. E nder jaabawol winndannde jaaynde misogynistic yaltunde e hitaande 1894, Moyal winndi ɓataakeeji keewɗi feewde e editor oo, ciimtooji yiɗde mum e feminism : « Miɗo wiya debbo mo ƴaañii won e mbayliigu tokooso e tinndi e kaayitaaji, e ƴaañde waktuuji mum mbelɗi e jaŋngude e winndude e warde ɗum no moƴƴi to manage e quild nehde 6i66e mum e newaare, faggudu, e hakkille 6urcfo teegtude e weltaare 6i66e mum e ngalu nguurndam mum caggal maayde  ".

E nder ballal haala Dreyfus, Moyal winndi deftere ko fayti e nguurndam Émile Zola e hitaande 1903. 

E hitaande 1908 (walla 1909),  galle Moyal ummii Jaffa, ɗo Esther Moyal sosi fedde rewɓe yahuud en.  Kanko e Simon ɓe ngonti ardiiɓe jaaynde wiyeteende Sawt al-ʿUthmāniyya ( Daande Ottomanism ) e hitaande 1913.  Ndee jaaynde yahuud en winndaande e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe, ina haɓa e njiyaagu Siyonism, ina hollita yiɗde « leydi renndo » e nder Palestiin e nder O.   Golle Moyal njaltinaa kadi e Al Hasnaa, jaaynde rewɓe fuɗɗiinde to Beyruut e hitaande 1909. 

Caggal maayde Simon e hitaande 1913, Moyal hoɗi e banndiraaɓe to Marseille ; o arti Jaffa e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1940.  Ɓiyiiko biyeteeɗo Nadīm wonti yimoowo. 

Nguurndam e golle Moyal ina kollita yi’annde Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo keewɗo fawaade e haala ndimaagu e udditiika. E nder naatgol makko e daartol nguurndam rewɓe aarabeeɓe, Moyal winndi wonde omo yetta nguurndam makko e yonta "nde nokku mawɗo udditaa ngam saaktude goongaaji mum en hakkunde leƴƴi; sabu ko ɗum woni ballal ɓurngal mawnude e yahrude yeeso ganndal e ballal ɓurngal mawnude e ɓamtaare mum." 

 Tuugnorgal 

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