Nyau

Nyau (kañum ne: Nyao maanaa mask walla fuɗɗoode) ko renndo sirlu Chewa, leñol leƴƴi Bantu ummoriiɗi Afrik hakkundeejo e fuɗnaange. Renndo Nyau ina waɗi terɗe puɗɗaaɗe e leñol Chewa, ko ɗum woni kosmoloji walla diine koɗdigal leñol ngol. Fuɗɗoode ina seerti wonande worɓe e rewɓe, tawa ina waɗi gannde ceertuɗe janngeteeɗe e darnde ceertunde e nder renndo fawaade e jinnaaɗo e mawngu. Ko fuɗɗotooɓe tan njiytetee ko mawɓe e terɗe Nyau.D.D.Phiri: History of Malawi - From the earliest times to the year 1915. in: CLAIM, pp.31 (2004)thumb
thumb
Konngol Nyau huutoraaka tan e renndo ngo e hoore mum, kono kadi ko e diineeji koɗdigal walla kosmoloji yimɓe waɗɓe ndee renndo, e jimɗi njuɓɓudi, e masiŋaaji kuutorteeɗi ngam jimɗi ɗii. Renndooji Nyau ina ngolloo e tolno wuro, kono ina njeyaa e laylaytol jaajngol Nyau e nder diiwanuuji hakkundeeji e feccere fuɗnaange Malawi, fuɗnaange Zambie, hirnaange Mosammbik e nokkuuji ɗo Malawinaaɓe eggini e nder Zimbaabwee

E nder golle baɗeteeɗe e masiŋaaji rewɓe e sukaaɓe ina keewi ruttaade e nder galleeji so tawii jimol Nyau ina hulɓina, sibu masiŋaaji ɗii ko worɓe renndo tan ɓoornotoo, ina lomtoo ganndal worɓe. E oon sahaa e nder dingiral e diineeji, Nyau masked dancers ina paami ko ruuhuuji maayɓe. No ruuhuuji masquerades ina mbaawi golloraade tawa njuumtaani kadi ina waɗi njanguuji e maayɗeele e nder golle e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi  Ɓeydagol hirnaange addani Nyau ustaade...

 Tariya 
Natal luggere to Zaïre ina hollita Kasiya Maliro, sifaa maslahaa Nyau ina waawi wonde ko hitaande 992 caggal iisa.[5] Kosmoloji Nyau jokki e jamaanu njiyaagu Ngoni e nder cakkital kitaale 1800 e jamaanu koloñaal en adanɓe ina heen Portigaal en e Angalteernaaɓe. E wiyde miijooji nokkuuji ɗii, Nyau ummorii ko Malomba, nokku e nder ko wiyetee hannde RDC.[6] Sabu jukkungo mawngo ngam haalde sirluuji e ɓe ngonaa fuɗɗotooɓe ko fayti e kosmoloji Nyau (yeru hol worɓe danooɓe) iwdi Nyau waawaano laaɓtineede e misiyoŋaaji e koloñaal en adanɓe artuɓe e Maravi.[7] Penaltiiji njahdi haa e neɗɗo peeñninoowo sirluuji ɗi terɗe renndo ngoo mbarata.R.S. Rattray: Some Folk-Lore Stories and Songs in Chinyanja, London: Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge (1907), pp. 178–79.

Gargol misiyoŋaaji e nder kitaale 1920 ina ɓeydoo tiiɗde e Nyau to bannge wuro, ɗum jibini luural udditiingal.[3] Hay so tawii misiyoŋaaji Kerecee’en kaɗii Nyau e nder renndooji Chewa, renndo ngo e golle mum nguuri ko e les njiimaandi koloñaal Biritaan en rewrude e mbayliigu ngu ina jeyaa heen won e geɗe Kerecee’en. Hannde, ɗum ina huutoree haa jooni e terɗe Chewa jeyaaɗe e ekkol Kerecee’en e renndo Nyau.[8] Hay so tawii won leƴƴi goɗɗi ƴellitii jimɗi pinal, ko wayi no Ngoni, Yao e Mang'anja, Nyau Chewa ina waawi siforeede no ɓuri laaɓtude e renndooji sirlu e jimɗi e nder nokkuuji saraaji maayo Malawi.

 Siistem goongɗingol 
Chewa en ina cikki nguurndam ina woodi e nder taaniraaɓe mum en e ɓe jibinaaka tawo, kam e wuurɓe.[11] Goongɗingol Nyau ina jeyaa e ko jokkondiri e maayɓe, walla ruuhuuji mum en, ina wiyee ngool gollal pemphero lalikulu ("Duwaawu mawɗo").[8] Chewa ina ngoongɗini wonde Alla ina woodi e nguurndam ñalnde kala, kadi Alla ko gorko (e asamaan) e debbo (e leydi). Konnguɗi ngam Alla ina mbaɗi Chiuta, ɓuuɓol mawngol walla ɓuuɓol e nder asamaan e Namalango e nder leydi, hono reedu, ɗo aawdiiji ɓuuɓnata, ko ɗum ɓuuɓri nguurndam kesam.[12]

Alaamaaji aduna ruuhu ina kollitee e Gule Wamkulu ("Wamre mawnde"), tawa ina waɗi mwambo ("aadaaji"), masiŋaaji, jimɗi, jimɗi e kuule. Nyau ina waɗi pijirlooji baɗɗi faayiida, tinndi, mimicking e satire e nder golle. Ko adii fof Nyau en ina mbaɗa jimɗi mum en masiŋaaji e nder wirwirnde, e ñalɗi ciftorgol e fuɗɗoode (ngam sukaaɓe rewɓe: Chinamwali).

Kala jimoowo ina hollira jikku keeriiɗo jowitiingal e mask walla mbaydi daaba mo o ɓoornotoo. Zilombo ("daabaaji ladde") ko mahdiiji mawɗi, ɗi ɓuuɓnata ɓanndu nduu fof, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko daabaaji, kadi masiŋaaji ɓoorneteeɗi e yeeso ɗii ko adii fof ko ruuhuuji taaniraaɓe. Sirru caggal Nyau ina waɗi ɗemngal kodde, teskuyaaji, nate, miijooji e siynude. Yiyeede e sikkitaare e yimɓe yaasi, Nyau ina ŋakki faamde, ina ŋakki e woɗɓe, haa arti noon e ekkol Kerecee'en.

Fuɗɗoode worɓe e nder renndo sirlu fuɗɗotoo ko e hoɗde e nder ladde, nokku ɗo maayɓe ɓee mberletee (cemetery) fotde yontere walla ko ɓuri ɗum juutde e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Haa teeŋti noon e nder leydi Zimbaabwee, terɗe Nyau ummoriiɗe Malawi, tawi hannde ina njeyaa e pinal Shona, ina njokki e waɗde diineeji Nyau, ina njogii diineeji Nyau. Ɓe mbaɗata ko jimɗi e nder gure Mabvuku, Highfield e Tafara. Ɓe etoo hulɓinde yimɓe yiɗɓe yeewtidde e maɓɓe ɓe mbiya "Wave nemoto unotsva" (aɗa fijira jooni e yiite aɗa heɓa ɓuuɓde).[16]

Rewɓe e sukaaɓe e kadi won e worɓe ina mbaawi ruttaade e galleeji so Nyau feeñii. Nyau ko woodgol maayɓe, kawral e ruuhu e noon jokkondirde e kulol e kulol diine. Be man fu,rewɓe mawɓe ina mbaɗa e nder Gule Wamkulu e juuɗe ɓutte, jimɗi, jimɗi e jimɗi, ina njaaboo jimol maskeer oo ina ɓadtoo jimɗi ɗii. E nder wakkati wirwirnde, rewɓe ina njuula e Nyau e nder golle biyeteeɗe kasinja tawa ina njuula biir e nde ɓe njuɓɓinta jamma ko adii wirwirnde. Worɓe e rewɓe fof ina naata e wirwirnde yanaande e joofnirde golle wirwirnde Nyau. Rewɓe fuɗɗotooɓe ina tawtoree golle Nyau e dow wellitaare, hay so tawii noon ɓe njeddata ko anndude worɓe ɓoorniiɓe masiŋaaji.[3][6]

Worɓe ɓee ko ruuhuuji goonga e nder njuɓɓudi ndii, ɓe mbaawaa haaleede ko worɓe hay so tawii rewɓe ɓee maa nganndu worɓe mum en, baabiraaɓe mum en, miñi mum en e kaaw mum en. Anndinde gorko ɓoorniiɗo mask ko ŋakkere teddungal e diine, ko ustude wakkati nde mask oo woni ruuhu maayɗo, no noddude Ukaristi biskit nii, ko ŋakkere teddungal e Kerecee’en. Rewɓe e sukaaɓe ɓe ngonaa jannguɓe, e worɓe ɓe ngonaa jannguɓe, ina mbaawi riiweede e waɗooɓe Nyau e ɓe ngonaa terɗe ina cemmbina ɓadtaade e nder wirwirnde. E nder heen ko ngam haɗde yimɓe yaasi ɓee waasde hormaade, ɓe nganndaa nafoore wirwirnde ‘moƴƴere’ e nafoore wonnde e maayɓe.[3][6]

E nder gure Zambie, sukaaɓe ina mbaawi tawtoreede pelle biyeteeɗe kalumbu ɗe naata e fedde gila e sukaaɓe joy walla jeegom.[3] Ɓe poti yoɓde njoɓdi jokkondire (ina heewi ko hedde 2 kwacha e hitaande 1993) ndi ɓe keɓata e dogde e yeeyde colli, walla njoɓdi ndii ko jibnaaɓe maɓɓe njoɓata.[3] So novices naatii ina keewi fiyeede e calɗi hade mum en janngude diine.[3] Duuɓi ɓurɗi famɗude ɗi sukaaɓe worɓe walla rewɓe naatata e Nyau e hoore mum ko hedde duuɓi sappo.[6][17]

Wamɗi

Mask Gule Wamkulu ina hollira daaba ladde.

Wamre Nyau ina waɗi golle koyɗe caɗtuɗe, ina ɓuuɓna ɓuuɓri e weeyo. Womooɓe ina njaaboo e jimɗi e jimɗi keertiiɗi fawaade e sifaa mask walla jikku. Womooɓe ɓee, siforaaɓe « koyɗe laana ndiwoowa walla koyɗe nimble », ina peeña e masiŋaaji ina lomtoo maayɗo, neɗɗo walla daaba ; koppi leelɗi ina ndoga e gite hono ɗeen jimɗi.[16] So tawii ina waawi siforeede e nokkuuji keewɗi ko jimɗi leñol, ko goonga ɗum wonaa noon ; Nyau ina foti ɓurde hiiseede ko jimɗi diine, sibu gollal mum ko jokkondirde e aduna taaniraaɓe.

Gila hitaande 2005, Gule Wamkulu ina jeyaa e 90 deftere mawnde e nder ndonaandi neɗɗaagu, tawi ko eɓɓaande UNESCO ngam hisnude ndonaandi pinal ndi alaa ko woni e mum. Ndee ɗoo jimɗi ina waawi ummoraade e laamu mawngu Chewa e teeminannde 17ɓiire.[18] Gule Wamkulu, walla jimɗi mawɗi, ko jimɗi Nyau ɓurɗi anndeede e juutde. Ina anndiraa kadi pemphero lathu lalikulu la mizimu («duwaawu mawɗo feewde e taaniraaɓe men») walla gulu la anamwaliri («wamre taaniraaɓe»). Ko adii jimɗi Gule Wamkulu, jimɗi Nyau ina mbaɗa njuɓɓudi sirlu jokkondirndi e renndo maɓɓe, banndiraagal sirlu.[19]

Wamre ndee ɓuri waɗeede ko e yanaande e ñalɗi ciftorgol kono kadi e fuɗɗoode e ñalɗi goɗɗi. Maskuuji ɗi yimooɓe ɓee ɓoornotonoo e ɗeen golle ko e mbaadi daabaaji walla "daabaaji" ko wayi no antelopeeji ɗi nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga ruuhu walla ruuhu maayɗo ina addana nguurndam kesam. Faandaare jimɗi ɗii ina wiyee ko laawol jokkondirde e taaniraaɓe e wuro ngoo e waɗde feere mbele jokkude golle e jokkude nguurndam. Nyau ko ndeenka e bonanndeeji e hollirde diineeji gonɗi e nder renndo.[6][20]

 Ɓoornugol 
Ceertugol masɗe nannduɗe e taaniraaɓe ina mawni, ina ɓeydoo mawnude, ina nanndi e mbaydiiji daabaaji. Won e ƴettuɓe mask ko annduɓe won heen ko ƴoƴɓe sahaa e sahaa fof.[18] Ko ɓuri 400 mask jokkondirɗo e renndo Nyau e njuɓɓudi Gule wamkulu ina kollitaa e nokku defte Chamare to diiwaan Dedza, Malawi.[5]

 Maskuuji 
Mask yeeso ummoriiɗo Malawi

Maskuuji Nyau ina mbaɗee e leɗɗe e huɗo. e ɗe peccii e fannuuji tati.[21] Arannde ndee ko mask ret ɓuuɓɗo, ɗiɗaɓere ndee ko mask leɗɗe e tataɓere ndee ko mbaydi basket zoomorphic mawndi, ɓuuɓndi ɓanndu jimoowo oo fof. Wondude e ɗiɗaɓo oo, yimooɓe ina keewi wirnude e wirnude e nder dille anndiraaɗe Nyau yolemba.[21] Ko ɗi nate sifaaji keewɗi ceertuɗi, ina heen daabaaji ladde ko wayi no ƴiye, liɗɗi e ƴiye.[4]

E inɗe ko wayi no Bwindi, Chibano, e Wakana, masiŋaaji ɗii ina kollita sifaaji e sifaaji keewɗi ko wayi no filandeer, epilepsi mo alaa ballal, njiimaandi, njurum, majjere, majjere, ŋakkere ɓiɗɓe, majjere, e njiimaandi. hay elikopteer.No tergal gootal nder Nyau famminiri, masɗe e kuugal ɗon holla neɗɗaaku fuu e duuniyaaru ruuhu fuu.

Masiŋaaji ina keewi, heen gootal ko:

Bwana wokwera pa ndege/pa neɗɗo (Mister e nder laana ndiwoowa/e nder oto) Ngolɗoo maslahaa hollirta ko no ɓeen wonnooɓe e kaalis e doole e nder nguurndam mum en njogori jogaade ɗum hay so ɓe njaltii e aduna taaniraaɓe.

Caabuweera kumanda (mo warti e yanaande) ko jikku mo janngaani yimɓe, nannduɗo e maamiraaɓe fiyooɓe yimɓe e nder koyɗi mum en ngam heɓde hakkille e sadakeeji (yeru biir, kosam ekn). Wamre makko Chabwera kumanda ina riiwta yimɓe e saraaji mum ko ɗum teskini jikku makko bonɗo.

Kasinja walla Kamchacha ko nulaaɗo taaniraaɓe teeŋtuɓe. O waɗa heen sahaaji feccere e won e mbaadiiji mooftirɗi, o haala hol mask walla daaba garoowo sara mum ngam waɗde jimɗi mum.

Kondola ummoriiɗo e Msakambewa ("Gaaɓoowo Mouse"), caggal ɗuum wayliima wonti To Ndola (gorko e nder wuro njulaagu njamndi), caggal ɗuum wayliima kadi, wonti Chizonono (neɗɗo mo ñawu nguu heɓi), ko yeru mask mo wayliima sabu waylo-waylo weeyo e batte renndo.

Maliya (ummoraade e Mariyam) ina hollira mawniiko debbo moƴƴo ɓernde. Ooɗoo jimoowo maa yim, yima wondude e yimɓe ɓee.

Mfiti (jaagorde gorko) ina ɓoornii mask bonɗo no feewi, ina jogii e kuuɓal mbaadi ɓuuɓndi no feewi, ɓuuɓndi. Sifaa yaajɗo oo ina nanndi e jikku mum bonɗo, sibu ina sikkaa wonde jaagorɗe ina mbara yimɓe e juju mum en.

Simoni (mo Saint Peter) ina ɓoornii wutte boɗeejo, ina nanndi e Engeleejo mo ɓuuɓri naange ; omo ɓoornoo kadi wutte daneejo. Ooɗoo sifaa ina waawi wonde karikatur koloñaal Engele.

 Ko mbaydiiji daabaaji 
Terɗe Nyau ɓoorniiɗe mbaydiiji daabaaji ina nanndi e daabaaji ladde walla nyama za ku tchire, peeñɗi e sahaa maayde yimɓe, ko ɗum waɗi ina kuli. Won mbaydi njiimaandi hakkunde daabaaji ceertuɗi ɗii, won heen daabaaji teddiniraaɗi no feewi (hono njobvu, elefant) e won heen ɗi ngalaa nafoore. Daabaaji teddiniraaɗi no feewi kadi ina cikka ina nanndi e taaniraaɓe teeŋtuɓe no feewi ko wayi no mawɓe walla terɗe diine Nyau. Ko ɓuri heewde e mbaydiiji daabaaji ina keewi jogaade mbaadi nanndundi e barme, tawa ina waɗi ɓuuɓri naatndi e les. E nder mbaydi ndii, barmeeji ina njuɓɓinee ngam waawde nawde mbaydi ndii e saraaji. Denndaangal mbaydiiji ina njuɓɓina jimɗi ɗii haa timma, kadi koppi ɗii ina njuutee e caɗeele terɗe Nyau.[6] E nder ko arata koo won e mbaydiiji ina paamniree e nder doggol nafoore mum en.[2]

Njobvu (kuɗol) ko kañum ɓurɗo teeŋtude e kala. Womooɓe Nyau nayi ina njiɗaa ngam yahdude e ngalɗoo mbaydi. Njobvu ina nanndi e mawɗo teeŋtuɗo, nde tawnoo ko kuɗol ɓuri teeŋtude e daaba Chewa, sabu mawneeki mum. Ko ɗum waɗi, ngool mbaydi keewndi yiyeede tan ko e yanaande mawɓe.

Ndondo (mboddi) woni mbaydi ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi teeŋtude, ina taarii ɗum fotde worɓe sappo e ɗiɗo. Kadi ina nanndi e maamiraaɓe teeŋtuɓe, ina heewi yiyeede e yanaande terɗe Nyau.

Mkango (liyon) ina nanndi e ruuhu bonɗo taaniraawo, ina ƴatta haa ina wara yimɓe. Ko ɗum waɗi won e yimɓe so njiyii Mkango ina ɓadii tan, ina ndoga. Limre Mkango ina hollita wonde taaniraaɓe fotaani mettinde, no liyon fotaani mettinde nii, nde tawnoo ina waawi ƴattaade yimɓe sabu waasde hormaade ɗum en.

Mbaadiiji antelopeeji ɗii ina njiytee ko ɓuri ŋarɗude, ina nganndiraa kadi Kasiyamaliro (ngam accude wirwirnde/wirwirnde caggal). Darnde toownde meeteruuji sappo e heewde ɓuuɓde e ɓuuɓri maaro yoorndi, ɗiin mbaydiiji masiŋaaji ko adii fof ko feeñde e pijirlooji ngam siftorde maayɗo, ko maande wonde maayɗo oo jooni jokkondirii e ruuhuuji e taaniraaɓe. Ko ɗum woni sahaa siftorde e mawninde nguurndam.[6]

 Ƴeew kadi 

 Miijooji Afrik
 Diine e nder Afrik
 Renndo sirlu

 Tuugnorgal