Topeng

Topeng (e ɗemngal Bali: ᬢᭀᬧᬾᬂ; ɗemngal Java: ꦠꦺꦴꦥꦺꦁ, e ɗemngal romaan: topèng; ɗemngal Sundaan: ᮒᮧᮕᮨᮔᮌ) ko jimɗi jimɗi Indoneesi ɗi gooto walla ko ɓuri ɗum firotoo nate jowitiiɗe e laamɓe, jaambaarooji, e miijooji, tawa ina yahdi e gamelan walla kuutorɗe gaadanteeje goɗɗe. Wamre Topeng ko jimɗi Indoneesi keewɗi, tawi ina tawee e diiwanuuji keewɗi e nder Indoneesi. Womre Topeng ina jogii sifaa mawɗo mo womooɓe ɓee kuutortoo masiŋaaji ngam suɗaade yeeso mum en. Wamre ndee heewi waɗeede ko jimoowo gooto walla fedde jimɗi.

Topeng ina huutoree no feewi e nder jimɗi jeyaaɗi e kewuuji aadaaji walla e rewrude e daartol ɓooyngol ummoraade e taaniraaɓe. Ina sikkaa wonde topeng ina ɓadii ruuhuuji taaniraaɓe, ɗi nganndu-ɗaa ko firooji laamɓe. E nder won e leƴƴi, topeng ina faarnoroo haa jooni golle naalankaagal e aadaaji ceertuɗi ñalnde kala. Wamre Topeng ko jimɗi keewɗi maandeeji baɗɗi faayiida ɗi yimɓe ɓee ɗaminii faamde. Ɗeeɗoo maandeeji ina njaltinee e mbaydiiji masiŋaaji ɗii, e kollitooji masiŋaaji ɗii, e jimɗi jahduɗi heen ɗii. Maanaa yettinaaɗo oo ina waawi wonde e mbaadi nafooje ardorde, giɗli, hakkille, e ko nanndi heen ko heewi kollitooje e nder dille danndorɗe.thumbE hitaande 2010, Topeng Cirebon ummoriiɗo Cirebon, Java hirnaange, jaɓaama wonde ndonu pinal ngenndiwal ngal alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa njiimaandi pinal Indoneesi, e ministeer jaŋde e pinal Indoneesi.

 Etimoloji 
Helmere topeng ko helmere Javanese firti ko "mask" walla "danse-drama kuutortooɗo mask".[5] E nder kelme Java e Indoneesi ñalnde kala, tari topeng walla "topeng dance" ko jimɗi walla jimɗi-drama kuutortooɗi mask.

 Tariya 
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Womre mask Indoneesi ina adii batte Hindu-Buddhist. Leƴƴi Indoneesi asliiji ina mbaɗa haa jooni jimɗi maskeeji ngam hollirde tagoore, hono jimɗi Hudoq ɗi leñol Dayak en Kalimantan, walla ngam hollirde ruuhuuji taaniraaɓe. Nde diine hindu ari e nder duunde he, defte Ramayana e Mahabharata puɗɗii waɗeede e jimɗi maskeeji.
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Winndannde ɓurnde ɓooyde anndaande ko faati e jimɗi Topeng ko e teeminannde jeenayaɓere. Hedde hitaande 840 caggal jibineede Iisaa binndi Java (Kawi) ɓooyɗi ina wiyee Binndi Jaha ɗi Maharaja Sri Lokapala yaltini ina mbaɗi Laamu Medang to Java hakkundeejo ina ciftora sifaaji tati waɗooɓe ɗum en : atapukan, aringgit, e abanol. Atapukan firti ko yeewtere mask, Aringgit firti ko yeewtere pucci Wayang, abanol firti ko naalankaagal jokkere enɗam.

E binndol Candi Perot (850 caggal Iisaa), konngol « manapel » ngol winndaa ko e konngol « tapuk » walla « tapel » firti ko mask. E binndol Bebetin (896 caggal Iisaa) ina waɗi helmere "patapukan" firti ko fedde mask. E nder binndol Mantiasih (904 caggal Iisaa) ina woodi helmere "matapukan" e "manapukan" firti ko ɗe njokkondiri e hollirde diraama masɗe.

Daartol ɓurngol lollude e jimɗi topeng, kono, ummorii ko e cirkooji Panji Java ƴellitiiɗi e nokku hee, tuugiiɗi e daartol e giɗli laamɗo Panji e laamɗo debbo Chandra Kirana, baɗaaɗi e laamu Kadiri e teeminannde 12ɓiire.
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Gooto e binndanɗe gadane binndaaɗe e jimɗi topeng ina tawee kadi e jimɗi Nagarakretagama ɗi teeminannde 14ɓiire, ɗi cifotoo ko laamɗo Hayam Wuruk mo Majapahit — ɓoorniiɗo mask kaŋŋe — ko jimoowo topeng timmuɗo. Wamre topeng hannde ndee ummii ko e teeminannde 15ɓiire to Java e Bali ɗo nde heddii e heewde, kono nde tawetee kadi ko e duuɗe Indoneesi goɗɗe — ko wayi no Madura (sara Java fuɗnaange). Wamre e mbaadiiji topeng keewɗi ƴellitii e nokkuuji keewɗi e nder duunde Indoneesi, teeŋti noon e Cirebon, Yogyakarta, Malang, e Bali. Teknik topeng ƴellitiiɗo no feewi oo, hannde ina janngee e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Orop e Amerik.

 Feereeji 
Topeng Baali

Ina sikkaa wonde huutoraade masiŋaaji ina jokkondiri e diine taaniraaɓe, tawi ina cikkatnoo ko yimooɓe ngoni firooji laamɓe. Koolol Topeng ina uddita e mbaydiiji masiŋaaji ɗi kaalataa, ɗi mbaawataa jokkondirde e daartol ngol waɗata ngol. Ɗeeɗoo masiŋaaji gaadanteeji ina keewi wonde Topeng Manis (jaambaaro laaɓtuɗo), Topeng Kras (jikku konu, doolnuɗo), e Topeng Tua (gorko mawɗo baawɗo ƴattaade e yaltinde jamaanu).

Daartol ngol ina haalee e penasar, feccere mask mo jawdaani, baawɗo haalde laaɓɗo. E nder fedde topeng, ina heewi wonde penasaruuji ɗiɗi ina ndokka miijooji ɗiɗi. Koolol ngol ina wayloo hakkunde haalooɓe e haalooɓe, ina waawi kadi waɗde heen jimɗi e hareeji kam e batte keertiiɗe (waktuuji goɗɗi ko gamelan rokkata ɗum). Ko famɗi fof sahaa fof ina ɓuuɓna ɗum e mbaydiiji komisariyaaji ina naatna miijooji mum en. Haalooɓe e jikkuuji komik ina keewi bonnude kuule hirnaange daartol, tawa ina mbaɗa heen geɗe jooni walla jeewte nokkuuje ngam heɓde jaleeɗe.

E nder topeng, ina woodi eɓɓoore anniya ngam naatde e geɗe keewɗe, sahaa e sahaa fof ina luurdi, e nder nguurndam aadee : ko selli e ko sellaani, ŋarɗugol e bonngol, laaɓtugol e karikatur. Sifaa e ƴeewndo laaɓtungo topeng pajegan, woni sifaa topeng neɗɗo gooto, ina tawee e deftere Masked Performance[8] nde John Emigh, jannginoowo tiyaataar hirnaange, wonti waɗoowo topeng Bali.

 Won e limooje to Topeng Bali 
Womre mask Betawi walla tari topeng Betawi ko jimɗi teyaaɗere ɗi leñol Betawi en mbaɗata to Jakarta, leydi Indoneesi.[9] Ndee ɗoo jimɗi-diiraagal ina hawra e jimɗi, jimɗi, bebodoran (komedi) e lakon (diiraagal).[10] Wamre mask Betawi hollirta ko tiitoonde nguurndam renndo Betawi nde hollirta ko e mbaadi wamre e dingiral. Ina wiyee jimɗi mask sabu jimɗi ɗii ina kuutoroo topeng (mask) e nder jimɗi ɗii kadi Betawi en ina cikkatnoo wonde topeng ina jogii doole maagiyaŋkooje.

Sundaan & Sirebon (Java hirnaange) topeng

 Winndannde mawnde: Wamre mask Cirebonese 
Wamre topeng Cirebon ko fannu naalankaagal ɓiɓɓe leydi Cirebon to Java, ina jeyaa heen Indramayu e Jatibarang, Java hirnaange, e Brebes, Java hakkundeejo. Feere ina heewi e jimɗi mask Cirebon, to bannge mbaydi jimɗi e daartol jogorngol yettineede. Wamre mask ina waawi waɗeede e jimɗi solo walla ina waawi waɗeede e yimɓe heewɓe. Dimngal juuɗe e ɓalli belngal, e yahdu jimɗi ɓurndi heewde e jimɗi e fijirde, ko maandeeji mbaydi naalankaagal. Womre mask Cirebon ina waawi hollirde daartol laamɗo Panji ummoriiɗo Java fuɗnaange teeminannde 15ɓiire, walla daartol Majapahit goɗɗo. Topeng Klana Kencana Wungu ko jimɗi mask Cirebon e mbaadi mask Parahyangan holliroowo daartol laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Kencana Wungu mo Majapahit mo laamɗo biyeteeɗo Minak Jingga mo Blambangan riiwti ɗum. Womre topeng kandaga Sunda ina nanndi e topeng Cirebon, ɗo womooɓe ɓee ɓoornotoo masiŋaaji boɗeeji e kosam.

 Won e limooje to Topeng Cirebon 
Topeng Java

Topeng Malangan

To Java Fuɗnaange, jimɗi topeng ina wiyee wayang gedog, ko ɗum woni naalankaagal ɓurngal anndeede ummoraade e diiwaan Malang to Java Fuɗnaange. Pijirlooji Wayang gedog ina mbaɗi tiitooɗe ummoraade e daartol cirƴam Panji ummoraade e laamu Janggala, e pijirlooji ɗii ina ɓoornoo masiŋaaji anndiraaɗi wayang topeng walla wayang gedog. Konngol gedog ummii ko e kedok ko wayi no topeng, firti ko "mask".

Ɗeeɗoo golle ina tuugnii e daartol giɗli ko fayti e laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Candra Kirana mo Kediri e Raden Panji Asmarabangun, laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Janggala. Candra Kirana ko jibinannde Dewi Ratih (laamɗo giɗli hindu en) e Panji ko jibinannde Kamajaya (laamɗo giɗli hindu en). Daartol Kirana ngol rokkaama tiitoonde Smaradahana ("Yiite giɗli"). E joofnirde daartol caɗtungol ngol ɓe ndarni dewgal, ɓe ndañi ɓiɗɗo gorko ina wiyee Raja Putra.

 Topeng Surakartan 
Topeng (maskuuji dance) Balinaaɓe ceertuɗi to Taman Mini Indoneesi Indah.

Topeng ñaawirdu Sunnate Surakarta ina nanndi e mbaydi e tiitoonde mbaydiiji Yogyakarta. Ceertugol ina yiyee e karallaagal masiŋaaji ; gaasa yeeso ina hollira gaasa walla fiɓnde, tawi noon style Yogyakarta ina huutoroo pentiir ɓaleejo. Ko noon kadi e Yogyakarta, topeng punakawan (jester) Sukarta ina heewi huutoraade feccere mask mo alaa jawdi.

 Yogakartan topeng 
E nder aadaaji Yogyakarta, jimɗi mask ina njeyaa e jimɗi wayang wong. Sultan Hamengkubuwono I (1755–1792) winndi ɗum, tagi ɗum, won jikkuuji ko wayi no wanara (waɗi) e denawa (mawɗo) e nder Ramayana e Mahabharata ina kuutoroo masiŋaaji, tawi noon konu e laamɓe rewɓe ɓoornaaki masiŋaaji. Punakawan (jester) ina waawi huutoraade feccere mask (mask mo alaa jawdi) ngam waawde haalde e dow wellitaare e laaɓal. Ko teskini ɗoo, ko mustaas oo pentiraa ko ɓaleejo. Wamre Topeng Klono Alus, Topeng Klono Gagah, e Womre Topeng Putri Kenakawulan ko jimɗi kiiɗɗi ɗi Yogyakarta ƴetti e daartol Raden Panji ummoraade e ndonu Majapahit e teeminannde 15ɓiire. Ko jimɗi masiŋaaji ƴettaaɗi e daartol Mahabharata.

 Ƴeew kadi 

 Wamre barong
 Bedhaya
 Wamre leydi Indoneesi
 Wamre Bali
 Wamre Java

 Tuugnorgal