Nazira Zain al-Din

Nazira Zayin al-Diin (Zayin al-Diin kadi firti ko Zeineddine, Zain kadi winndi Zayn) (1908–1976) ko ganndo Libannaajo Druze.[1][2] O ñiŋii pinal aarabeeɓe sabu ko o wiyi ko golle mum "degradante". O ƴami "veil hoore haa koyɗe" aadaaji ɗi rewɓe juulɓe ɓoornotonoo e oon sahaa e seerndude ɓeen rewɓe.[3][4]

 Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol 
Nazira Zain al-Din ko ɓiy Sheek Saeed Zainal Din, ñaawoowo to Ñaawirde Toownde Liban, ganndo hakkille diine Lislaam.[3] Nde o woni ko ɓuri heewde e nguurndam makko ko to Ayn ​​Qani, to leydi Liban, o jibinaa ko to Istanbul ɗo baaba makko joginoo posto e oon sahaa.[2] Sabu ko o woni e aduna hakkilantaagal, baaba makko ina wallita mo e golle jaŋde, o neldi mo to duɗal katolik Farayse to leydi Liban.[3] Nazira e miñi mum debbo Munira ngoni sukaaɓe rewɓe Druze en adanɓe heɓde naatde e duɗal St Joseph de l’Apparition e duɗal Sisters of Nazareth, duɗe katolik Farayse ɗe ɓe njanngi ngam jaŋde maɓɓe leslesre.[2] Gaa gaa ndee jaŋde katolik Farayse, baaba mum al-Din ina teskaa kadi wonde o janngii no feewi e Lislaam. O anndiino no feewi Qur’aana, Hadiis, e Sharia (sarɗi lislaam), ɗiin fof ina njogii darnde tiiɗnde e binndol makko.[5] O waawii kadi janngude e yeewtidde e annduɓe lislaam (Ulamaaji) ceertuɓe e nder nguurndam makko. Heewɓe e ɓeeɗoo annduɓe ko sehilaaɓe moƴƴuɓe e baaba makko, ɓe ngonnoo ko e galle maɓɓe no feewi.[1] Nde o woni suka debbo Nadira Zain al-Din ina joginoo pinal no feewi, haa teeŋti noon e ko fayti e lislaam.

Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko to duɗal Sisters of Nazareth Convent, al-Din yiɗiino jokkude jaŋde safaara to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. Ko heddii koo, o haɗaama naatde sabu ko o debbo. O felliti yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lycée Français Laique, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Farayse ɗo o heɓi ɗoo seedantaagal makko, hay so tawii ko almudɓe worɓe Farayse fof.[2] Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lycée Français Laique, o felliti waasde yahde jaŋde toownde woɗnde, ko ɗoon al-Din waawi fuɗɗaade golle makko binndol.[2]

 Golle binndol 
O winndi deftere makko ɗiɗmere, wiyeteende La jeune femme et les Shaiks e darorɗe hitaande ndee. Ndee deftere yi’etee ko e deftere jaabawuuli toowzi e 6amtaare nde o he6i e renndo aarabeeɓe ko fayti e Unveiling e Veiling.[6] Debbo oo e Sheeks en ina etoo yeewtidde e hujjaaji ɗi ñaawooɓe ɓee mbaɗi ko fayti e goonga e nuunɗal Unveiling and Veiling. E nder maggal, Al-Din wiyi wonde o winndii deftere makko adannde ndee "alaa sehil walla ballal so wonaa binndi e tinndi, defte e kaayitaaji".[1] Ɗum ko ngam jaabaade hujjaaji ɗi Unveiling and Veiling waɗi ko fenaande, ina wallita e golle misiyoŋaaji Kerecee’en. O siftinii kadi hoore makko wonde “juulɗo laaɓɗo goonga” binndoowo tan ko e ko “Alla jom baawɗe” yiɗi, hay so tawii noon ko o Druze, fedde etnoreligious nde golle mum njiyataa ko juulɓe ko ɓuri heewde.[1]

 Golle 
Udditgol e suuɗde: Jeewte e miijooji ko faati e ndimaagu rewɓe e hesɗitinde renndo e nder winndere aarabeeɓe (Al-Sufur wal hijab) 1928[1].

Suka debbo e sheikaaji (Al-faatah wa al-shuyyukh) 1928[1].

 Batte e ndonu 
Hay so tawii o huutoriima hujjaaji ummoraade e binndi ceniiɗi ceertuɗi, defte al-Din ɗee ngaddi jiiɓru mawndu e nder renndo juulɓe diineeji. Golle makko ina kaɗaa e juuɗe ardiiɓe diineeji juulɓe heewɓe, kadi terɗe renndo juulɓe ina mbiya yo ɓe cood, ɓe njeeya. Al-Din kadi ko heewɓe e ɓeeɗoo diineeji lislaam tuumanoo ko fenaande e ateyism.[6] Hay so tawii ko heewi e luulndo ngoo, Al-Din ina jokki e ballal pelle juulɓe seeɗa, heen gootal ko jaaynde wiyeteende Egyptian Women’s magazine ganndiraaɗo. Ndee fedde wallitii ko Al-Din wiynoo ko fayti e hakkeeji rewɓe juulɓe, nde yaltini heen geɗe deftere makko adannde e ɗemɗe keewɗe.[7]

Golle Al-Din ina cikka ko jaabawol potngol huutoreede ngam suɗaade rewɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo e ooɗoo sahaa. E nder galle makko to Liban e nder nokkuuji keewɗi goɗɗi to Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo, rewɓe njaɓataa yaltude galle tawa ɓe ndarnaaki yeeso. Ɗum waɗi ko e sahaa nde rewɓe ɓee e koye mum en keɓata hakke ɓoornaade wutteeji ngam hollirde koye mum en diine mum en.[6] E nder kitaale 1920, ngool ɓuuɓri "hoore-to-koye" yiytaa ko no ɓuuɓri e seertude nii, "ina ummii e logic jeyi worɓe e objektifikaasiyoŋ debbo"[6] Jaabawol Al-Din e ndeeɗoo haala renndo addi batte keewɗe dow renndo juulɓe. O jeyaa ko e rewɓe artuɓe huutoraade Quraan e binndanɗe goɗɗe ceniɗe ngam naamnaade miijooji ɗi cikkatnoo ko e mum en ummorii. Golle makko ɗiɗi ɗee fof ina naamnoo ko fayti e goonga firooji misogynistic ɗi Quraan e Hadiis fof. Nattii tuugnaade e ɗeen firooji, o wiyi terɗe renndo juulɓe ɓee nde kuutortoo ko hakkille e njuɓɓudi neɗɗo gooto ngam seerndude ko yi’etee ko ina wona moraal, e ko wonaa ɗum.[3]

 Nguurndam caggal 
O dañii caɗeele haa jooni e luulndaare ko ɓuri heewde e juulɓe e banndiraaɓe makko Druze en e ñiŋooje makko ɗe Hirnaange ƴetti e pinal aarabeeɓe. Ko o tergal e fedde toownde, o woppi binndol caggal ko ina wona duuɓi joy, o jooɗii e jom suudu makko e ɓiɓɓe makko worɓe tato to galle maɓɓe mawɗo to Baaqline, leydi Liban.[2] O sankii ko e hitaande 1976 tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 68.[2] Ko seeɗa tan anndaa e nguurndam al-Din e nder duuɓi capanɗe caggal binndol makko e diatribes makko e pinal aarabeeɓe.

 Jokkondire yaajɗe 
Golle ɗe Nazira Zaynul Diin (Zeineddine) waɗi e ko fayti e mum.

Taariik nazira zain al din (zeineddine).

 Tuugnorgal 
^ Juppude haa: a b c d e f Badran, Margot (2004). Udditgol dame, Ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal: Antoloji binndol rewɓe aarabeeɓe (2 ed.). Bloomington: Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Indiana.

^ Juppude haa: a b c d e f g Kuuk, Mariyam (2010). Nazira Zeineddine: Ardiiɗo rewɓe lislaam. Londres, Angalteer: Jaayɗe Oneworld.

^ Juppude haa: a b c d Kassab, Elisabet (2013). Miijo aarabeeɓe hannde: Ƴeewndo pinal e nder mbaydi nannditiindi. New York: Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Columbia.

↑ Khan, Arif (25 sulyee 2010). "Nazira ko debbo naamnitooɗo aadaaji" (winndannde jaaynde). www.alet-gardiiɗo.com. Gardiiɗo Alet. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 22 suwee 2014.

^ Hartman, Michel (Winter 2013). "Nazira Zeineddine: Ardiiɗo rewɓe lislaam Miriam Cooke (ƴeewndo)". Jaaynde ganndal rewɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo. 9 (1): 133-136. Doi:10.2979/jannde fuɗnaange.9.1.133. JSTOR 10.2979/jaŋde hakkunde fuɗnaange.9.1.133. S2CID 141943470. Pdf.

^ Juppude haa: a b c d Wayne, Tiffany (2011). Binndi rewɓe gila e jamaanu ɓooyɗo haa e aduna hannde: Deftere ƴoogirde e daartol aduna. Westport: Fedde muulngo Greenwood.

^ Keddii, Nikki (2012). Rewɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo: ko adii e ko jooni. Princeton: Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Princeton.