Alifa Rifaat

Fatimah Rifaat (5 juin 1930 – janvier 1996), ɓurɗo anndeede e innde binndol mum Alifa Rifaat (aarabeere: أليفة رفعت), ko winndiyanke Ejiptnaajo mo daartol mum juutngol luulndiingol ina anndaa e hollirde dinamiik jokkondiral rewɓe, jokkondiral losko e nder pinal ladde Ejipt. Nde ɓe ƴettata ɗeeɗoo geɗe luulndiiɗe, ƴaañooɓe Faatimah Rifaat ɓee ngoni ko e hoolaade diine e miijooji pasooji feewde e hoddiro maɓɓe. Daartol makko etotaako ustude njuɓɓudi laamu ; kono ɗe kuutortenoo ko ngam hollirde caɗeele gonɗe e nder renndo baabiraaɓe nde worɓe ɓee njokkaani e jaŋdeeji maɓɓe diineeji ɗi ina kaɓa e moƴƴere rewɓe. Fatimah Rifaat huutoriima innde fenaande Alifa ngam haɗde hersa to bannge galle mum sabu tiitooɗe daartol mum e golle mum binndol.

 Ngendam 
Fatma Abdullaah Rifaat jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 juko hitaande 1930 to Keer, leydi Ejipt. Baaba makko ko arsitek, yumma makko ko debbo galle. Ɓesngu makko ina manti wonde ina wiyee wonde ɗaɗi maɓɓe ina njahdi e Umar ibn al-Khattab, sehil e wasiyaaji annabi Muhammadu. O mawni ko e nder diiwaan Misra, ko toon o waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e nguurndam makko. Caggal ɗuum, ladde Ejipt wonti nokku ɗo ko ɓuri heewde e daartol makko. Nafoore makko e binndol fuɗɗii ko e duuɓi jeenay nde o winndi jimɗi hollitooji mettere e nder wuro makko. Ngam ɗuum o hawri e jukkungo ɓesngu makko sabu haala jimɗi ɗii. Fatimah janngii duɗal leslesal Misr al-Jadidah e duɗal pinal rewɓe ngam jaŋde mum hakkundeere. O naati kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Angalteer to Kayhayɗi tuggi 1946 haa 1949 ɗo o janngi Engele. Nde Alifa Rifaat hollitii yiɗde mum jokkude jaŋde mum e winnditaade to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to leydi Ejipt, baaba mum ƴetti feere ngam resde ɓiyiiko gorko, polis.

Duuɓi seeɗa gadani e dewgal maɓɓe, gorko makko acci mo winndude e yaltinde daartol e innde makko fenaande hay so tawii noon miijo ngo heewɓe cikkata ko binndol ko fannu worɓe tan e nder pinal Ejipt. O yaltini daartol makko gila 1955 haa 1960 nde o suɓii woppude caggal nde o fotnoo haɓtaade jom suudu makko ngam joofnude golle makko binndol. E nder ooɗoo sahaa fotde duuɓi 14 e silki binndol, Alifa Rifaat jokki jaŋde binndol, ganndal koode, e daartol. Hay so tawii o etiima ƴattaade e ɗeen peeje Alifa Rifaat ina heddii e ŋoŋɗude e waasde waawde hollirde hoore mum e geɗe renndo ɗe o fotnoo haɓtaade e nder debbo e nder peeje binndol.

E hitaande 1973, caggal nde o dañi rafi bonɗo, gorko Alifa acci mo kadi laawol gootol ngam winndude e yaltinde golle makko. O jokki e yaltinde deftere daartol e defte ɗiɗi puɗɗorɗe e deftere tokosere "Aduna am mo anndaaka", nde o dañi heen weltaare adannde.

Jom suudu Alifa Rifaat maayi ko e hitaande 1979. Hay so tawii o yahri ko e nder diiwaan Ejipt fawaade e joljole gorko makko ngam golle o meeɗaa yaltude Ejipt haa caggal maayde makko. O jokki e waɗde [hajj], hijjoore ceniinde feewde Makka, e hitaande 1981, o yahri ko e leyɗeele Orop e aarabeeɓe keewɗe, ko wayi no Angalteer, Turki, Almaañ, Marok, e Otiris.

E nder nguurndam makko fof Faatima Rifaat wonti tergal Fedde Winndooɓe Misra, e Fedde Daartol Juutngol, e Dar al-Udaba (Ejipt). O tawtoraama kadi ñalngu adanngu defte rewɓe (London, Angalteer) e hitaande 1984 ɗo o haali ko fayti e hakkeeji rewɓe e nder Lislaam e toɓɓere dewgal keewngal. E hitaande 1984 Faatima Rifaat heɓi njeenaari mawndi ummoraade e Mooɓondiral binndol hannde.

Fatimah Rifaat Maayi ko ina yahra e duuɓi 65 e lewru Yarkomaa 1996. O acci ɓiɓɓe worɓe tato e ɓanndu ko ina tolnoo e 100 golle ɗe firtaa e ɗemɗe keewɗe, ɗe peewnaa ngam teleeji. Won e golle makko kadi njanngaama e BBC.

 Tiitooɗe binndol e firooji 
Alifa Rifaat winndii e ɗemngal Arab e nder nguurndam mum binndol fof. Sifaa makko, hay so tawii o ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e giɗli e fuɗɗoode golle makko, caggal ɗuum o wayli e yeewtere renndo caggal nde o hawri e firoore Denys John-Davies. Denys kadi waawnii mo winndude e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe ɓurngal waawde huutoreede, ngal hay so tawii ko binndol ɓurngol waawde huutoreede e yimɓe Misra, e oon sahaa kadi ko binndol ɓurngol famɗude yiɗeede e binndol ngol. Defte makko e daartol makko tokosol ngol firaama e ɗemɗe keewɗe ko wayi no Engele, Almaañ, Holanndee, e Suwed. Firo ɓurngo lollude e golle makko e ɗemngal Engele ko deftere makko deftere juutnde, Yiyngo Minaret woɗɗungo e daartol juutngol goɗɗol, ngol Denys Johnson-Davies firti.

Faatimah Rifaat, hono Nawal El Saadawi, debbo mawɗo Ejiptnaajo, o waɗti binndol makko ko e rewɓe e nder darnde lislaam gaadanteeje. E nder nguurndam makko, Faatima ina siftina ŋakkeende yiɗde baaba mum e makko, ko ɗum huunde waawnde wonde sabaabu ƴeewndo haajuuji e yiɗdeeji worɓe to bannge rewɓe. O jokki e haalde wonde e nder nguurndam makko o tawi ko "yimɓe fof ina njiɗi weltaare. Ko ɗum waɗi miɗo wulla yiɗde timmunde e timmunde e nder binndanɗe am fof." Fatimah hollitii kadi e nder nguurndam mum wonde ina haani worɓe e rewɓe tawtoree tan ko jokkondiral so tawii ko e nder ngonka deeƴre, mbele ina waawa heɓde orgasm, ko ɗum o miijii ko golle ngam semmbinde hoolaare e Alla.

Binndol Faatima Rifaat ngol ina jokki e caɗeele deƴƴuɗe rewɓe e nder renndo juulɓe baabiraaɓe. Daartol makko ɓuri waɗde ko e diiwaan Ejipt. Ɗee daartol ina kaala ko wayi no jikkuuji, maayde, dewgal, jokkere enɗam, jokkere enɗam, giɗli, reedu sukaaɓe, jom suudu, e majjugol wondude e toɓɓe goɗɗe luulndiiɗe. E nder oon sahaa debbo ina hiisee wonde ko neɗɗo jom doole en tan, tee ina hulaa wonde ina waawi addande ɗum fitna, walla jiiɓru renndo. Hay so tawii Alifa Rifaat ina tiiɗnoo hollirde e nder binndol mum ko fayti e njulaagu rewɓe, daartol makko e nguurndam makko ina yuɓɓinee e mbaadi juulɓe ortodoks, o daranii ummital rewɓe e dow njiimaandi baabiraaɓe. Ko ɓuri heewde e rewɓe ƴaañooɓe Rifaat ina ƴetta darnde jaɓnde walla jaɓde e caɗeele ɗe ɓe njogori dañde e nguurndam. Wonande Faatima Rifaat, patriarcat ko huunde tan e nguurndam, jaɓaande e nder sarɗiiji Qur’aana, kono ko luutndii ɗum e nder won e sahaaji hay ŋakkeende ɗooftaade jinnaaɓe gooto feewde e janngirɗe diine ko ɗum woni sabaabu caɗeele keewɗe ɗe ƴaañooɓe ɓee mbaɗata. E nder daartol makko ko heewi e kawral hakkunde gorko e debbo ina waɗa e nder dewgal jikkuuji ɗii kadi alaa ko woni heen so wonaa jokkondire hakkunde gorko e debbo tawa ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi e nder golle lislaam.

Yoga e daartol Faatima Rifaat ɓurngol lollude ina jeyaa heen "Yiyngo Minaret woɗɗungo", "Gite Bahiyya", e "Aduna am mo anndaaka".

 Yiyngo woɗɗungo e Minaret 
Distant View of a Minaret udditirta ko gorko e debbo ina mbaɗa golle jokkondire. Daartol ngol ina haalee e gite debbo oo, ina yaawi feeñde wonde e nder ndee ɗoo jokkondiral, o woni ko e ŋakkere nafoore, o nani kadi o woɗɗitii jom suudu makko. O siftorii no e yontaaji ɓennuɗi o etinoo hollirde yiɗde makko e wellitaare jokkere enɗam e jom suudu makko nde o hawri e jaabawol e yeddude e tikkere. Won e sahaaji e nder golle ɗee o annda noddaango juulde. Caggal ɗuum o waɗa wuddude e juulde makko, ko ɗum huunde nde o ɓuri waawde jokkondirde e jokkondiral makko e jom suudu makko. Ndeen o ƴeewii e nder windo ngam ƴeewde minare to Kayhayɗi, o siftini no meeɗirnoo yiyeede e minareeji keewɗi hade mahdiiji kesi uddude ɗi. Jom suudu oo noon ina wondi e rafi ɓernde ina woni e leeso, o maaya. E joofnirde, gardiiɗo oo ina haawnii e no o heddiri e calminaali e nder maayde gorko makko e caggal mum. Ndee ɗoo daartol ina hollita darnde debbo passif e nder jokkondire gonɗe e nder dewgal. Minaret gooto oo ina gasa tawa ina hollita solitude mo debbo gardiiɗo oo heɓata nde o woppi ndee darnde.

 Gite Bahiyya 
Bahiyya’s Eyes ina haalee e gite Bahiyya mawɗo oo haaldude e ɓiyum debbo caggal nde o yilli doktoor ko fayti e ŋakkeende gite makko. O wiyi ɓiyiiko debbo wonde hay so tawii ñawu doktoor oo ina sikkaa ko ŋakkeende gite makko e sabaabuuji tawaaɗi, o wiyi kadi omo waawi safrude ɗum e leɗɗe o anndi ko e nokku hee ko sabu gonɗi ɗi o woyi ɗii fof sabu nguurndam makko debbo. Bahiyya ndeen ina siftora cukaagu mum, kilitoridektomi mo rewɓe wuro mum mbaɗi, jom suudu mum e caɗeele nehdi sukaaɓe e nder yumma gooto. Ndee daartol ina haɓa e haala suppitde jokkere enɗam rewɓe e siftinde kewuuji cukaagu Bahiyya. O jokki e woyde darnde rewɓe e nder renndo e jogaade ndee ɗoo darnde leslesre e nder terɗe jinnaaɓe ɗiɗo ɓee. Bahiyya kadi ko innde Ejipt.

 Aduna am mo anndaaka 
Aduna am mo anndaaka ina tuugnii e debbo naatoowo e nder njiimaandi jokkere enɗam e ballal jinni e mbaadi mboddi. So debbo oo e gorko mum njippiima e galle debbo oo ina yiytoo heen jinni debbo ina wayi no mboddi ina janngina ɗum toowgol wellitaare jokkere enɗam. Debbo oo ina heddii e mboddi ndii hay so tawii ina jiiɓii haa gorko mum wari mboddi e nder galle hee, ina ƴatta kodde jinni, e oon sahaa jinni debbo oo yalta.

Ndee daartol ina haalee e haala wellitaare debbo. Hay so debbo oo ina jogii jokkondire e jinneeji ɗii, nde tawnoo tagoore ndee ko debbo ɗum hiisaaka ko jeenu.

 Doggol golle denndaaɗe 
"Hawaa hooti to Aadama" (1975) Arab -series romances ko ɓuri heewde ko aldaa e ƴattooje renndo.

"Hol Baawɗo Wontude Neɗɗo?" (1981) Arab – hollitii wonde ina luulndii no feewi, tee yeeyaaka e ko ɓuri heewde e yeeyirdu Ejipt.

"Duwaawu giɗli" (1983) Arab.

Yiyngo woɗɗungo e minare e daartol goɗɗol (1983) Firo Engele.

"E nder jamma juutɗo" (1980) Arab.

Jawdi Firawna (1991) Arab- deftere daartol.

Galle e nder leydi Maayɓe (Timmaani) Arab.

 Teddungal 
Ñalnde 5 lewru juko hitaande 2021, Google mawninii duuɓi mum 91 e Google Doodle.[1]

 Tuugnorgal 
^ "Duuɓi Alifa Rifaat ina yahra e duuɓi 91". Google. 5 lewru juko 2021.

 Iwdiiji 
Liya, L. (1999). "Aduna am mo anndaaka": Katarsis ngam ƴellitde jokkere enɗam debbo binndoowo Misra. Lartol renndo, 1771.

Nkeelah, N. (2008). Naatgol pinal aarabeeɓe-lislaam e hakkillaaji rewɓe e nder binndol rewɓe Afrik worgo: deeƴre e daande e nder daartol Alifa Rifaat e Assia Djebar Tydskrif vir Letterkunde, 45(1), 19–41.

Alifa Rifaat. (n.d.).

Hatem, M. (1986). Nguurndam ɓaawo politik [Yiwtugo deftere Rewɓe ɗiɗo nder yi'annde woore woɗɗunde dow minare e taariikaaji feere Pont nder wakkati Debbo ngam ɓingel am Jana Gough Nawal el-Saadawi Osman Nusairi Alifa Rifaat Denys Johnson Davies Laila Said Ali Ghalem G. Kazoliyaas]. Lartol defte rewɓe, 3 (10), 10-11. JSTOR 4019948

Rifaat, A. (1983). Yiyngo woɗɗungo e minare e daartol juutngol goɗɗol (J. Davies, Firo). Defte Quartet ko limtaaɗe.

"Faatima Rifat." Ko ƴaañgal e nder pinal aduna; Saggitorde winndooɓe aarabeeɓe hannde: winndannde aarabeeɓe hannde nde R.B. Campbelll winndi e ɗemngal Engele. Ed. John J Donohue e Leslie Tramontini. Vol. II. Liban: Duɗal-Fuɗnaange, 2004. Tappirde. 2 defte.

El Shakiri, Hoda. “Jinn e Jins: Dewal Sensuel ko Etikaaji Queer.” Jaaynde Cambridge ngam wiɗtooji binndol caggal koloñaal (2023): 1–25. Web