Claybury Hospital

Opitaal Claybury ko opitaal toppitiiɗo hakkillaaji to Woodford Bridge, to Londres. Nde mahiraa ko e diisnondiral mahoowo Angalteer biyeteeɗo George Thomas Hine mo wonnoo mahoowo mawɗo e nder mahdiiji safrirde e nder yontaaji Victoria. Nde udditaa ko e hitaande 1893 waɗti nde asilo joyaɓo e nder diiwaan Middlesex. Angalteer daartol hollitii wonde opitaal oo ko "hopitaal ɓurɗo teeŋtude mahaaɗo e Angalteer caggal hitaande 1875".

Gila opitaal oo udditaa, nokku oo moƴƴinaama, wonti galleeji e jimɗi e innde Repton Park. Blok safrirde, tower, e chapel, ko hannde woni nokku njulaagu, toɗɗaama ngam wonde mahdi limtaaɗi e tolno II e hitaande 1990.

Tariya

34 infirmiyee to suudu safrirdu Claybury, ina gasa tawa ko hitaande 1893

Suudu renndo to asilo Claybury. Foto ko sosiyetee fotooje London & County gila 1893.

Kapitel to asilo Claybury. Foto Sosiyetee fotooje London & County, ina gasa tawa ko hitaande 1893, kono ko famɗi fof waylaaki e nder nguurndam mum gollal.
Eɓɓaande ndee
Mahdi suudu safrirdu Claybury ko suudu safrirdu Middlesex yamiri ɗum e hitaande 1887, nde wonnoo ko joyaɓo asilo diiwaan Middlesex.[1] Nde mahiraa ko e diisnondiral mahoowo Angalteer biyeteeɗo George Thomas Hine mo wonnoo mahoowo keewɗo, mo ɓooyaani Victoria, ko ɓuri heewde e mahdiiji safrirde e nokkuuji ɗo yimɓe ɓe ngalaa hakkille. Ko ɗum woni asilo gadano huutoraade peeje echelon ɗe asilooji caggal ɗii fof tuugnii e mum.[2]

Nokku oo woni ko e dow tulde, ina taaroo 50 ektaar (200 000 m2) leɗɗe ɓooyɗe e 95 ektaar (380 000 m2) parkeeji udditiiɗi, e weendu, e durngooji e gesaaji daartol. Ɗeeɗoo peewniraa ko e hitaande 1789 e juuɗe Humphry Repton, mahoowo leydi.[1]

Duuɓi gadani
E hitaande 1889 mahdi ndi timmaani, ndi rewi ko e juuɗe Diisnondiral kesal to Londres, ndi udditi ndi e hitaande 1893, hono Claybury Lunatic Asylum.[1]

E hitaande 1896, opitaal oo ina joginoo 2 500 ñawɗo. Ko adii fof ko Robert Armstrong-Jones, gardiiɗo safaara e ganndo gardiiɗo. E nder duuɓi sappo gadani teeminannde noogasɓiire, Claybury wonti nokku mawɗo jaŋde safaara hakkille. Nde yiɗaa e winndere ndee kala sabu wiɗtooji mayre, golle mayre gaadoraaɗe ngam naatde e safaaraaji kesi e toppitagol toowngol wonande ñawɓe hakkillaaji. Armstrong-Jones heɓi njeenaari konu e hitaande 1917 ngam golle makko keewɗe to Claybury e golle makko keewɗe to bannge safaara hakkille.[3][4]

Armstrong-Jones ina joginoo miijooji jahruɗi yeeso e toppitagol renndo, o wiyi e hitaande 1906 wonde opitaaluuji wuro ina poti jogaade departemaaji (departemaaji) ɗo ñawɓe mbaawi ɗaɓɓude ballal ngam maale hakkille tawa ɓe ngoppaani ndimaagu. Kala asilo ina foti wonde nokku jannginirɗo kilinik ɗo denndaangal safrooɓe mbaawi hesɗitinde faamde ko fayti e majjere. Yimɓe hollirɓe maale majjere ko adii fof ina poti waawde ɗaɓɓude wasiyaaji, so ina haani, ɓe njaɓee e dow yarlitaare, ɓe ngonaa e ɗaɓɓude haa ɓe ngonta seedantaagal.[5] Ñawɓe adanɓe e yiɗde mum en mbaawaano naatde haa hitaande 1930 nde sariya safaara hakkille ƴettaa.[6]

E hitaande 1895, Diiso doosɗe Londres toɗɗii Frederick Mott yo won gardiiɗo laboratuwaar maɓɓe keso wiɗto to Claybury. E nder duuɓi 19 garooji ɗii o waɗii wiɗtooji keewɗi, ɗi o winndi e deftere makko Archives de la neurologie et de la psychiatrie bayyinaande hakkunde 1903 e 1922. O heɓi njeenaari konu e hitaande 1919, tee omo siftoree no feewi sabu makko wallitde tabitinde wonde ‘paralysie générale du insane (GPI) ina foti saabaade ɗum to sifilis.[7]

Helen Boyle toɗɗaa ko balloowo safroowo e hitaande 1895, gooto e rewɓe adanɓe golloraade safroowo e nder asilo. O wonti piilaaɗo e safrude ñawɓe hakkillaaji ko yaawi, o yahi haa o sosi opitaal Lady Chichester. E hitaande 1939 o wonti debbo gadano hooreejo fedde laamɗo safaara-hakkilantaagal (jooni ko duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde laamɗo). E konngol Pryor: "Golle oo 'lady doctor' ina njeyaa e ko fajiri kesiri ngam toppitaade renndo ngam ñawɓe hakkillaaji."[8]

Asilo oo inniraa ko opitaal hakkille Claybury e hitaande 1930, o hoybinaama opitaal Claybury e hitaande 1959.[1]

Ko muñal e kitaale 1930
Naalanke Engele biyeteeɗo Thomas Hennell, yaltinii daartol ko fayti e nguurndam mum e nder deftere mum wiyeteende The Witnesses, e hitaande 1938. O taƴaa, o nanngaa to opitaal St John, to Stone, to Buckinghamshire e hitaande 1935, caggal ɗuum o nawtaa to opitaal Maudsley to Londres , e joofnirde, to Claybury. O yiɗaa safaara makko e ɗiɗo gadani ɗii, o ƴattii safrooɓe hakkillaaji Maudsley, kono o weltiima e safaara aadee to Claybury (hay so tawii won natal makko siynaande to Tate, ko fayti e gollotooɓe wujjude ñawɗo to Claybury).[9][10 ] E nder rafi makko o waɗii nataluuji keewɗi kollitooji ngonka hakkille makko.[11] Ko adii nde o ummotoo Claybury e hitaande 1938, gardiiɗo safaara oo, hono Guy Barham, jaɓi mo waɗde heen nate mawɗe, ina ɓuuɓna kuɓeeje tati kantin oo. Foto ndeeɗoo natal yiytaa ko hedde hitaande 2015.[12] O wonti naalanke konu laawɗuɗo e nder wolde adunaare ɗimmere.[10]

Duuɓi caggal woldeClaybury wonti e nder sarwiis cellal leydi e hitaande 1948. Naatgol leɗɗe kese, hono fenotiyazin e hitaande 1955 e 1956, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe e hitaande 1959, wayli no feewi safaara psychoses mawɗe, ustii tiiɗnaare e dumunna ñawuuji keewɗi e sosde nokku ɗo normalisaasiyoŋ waawi ƴellitaade.[13]

Gila e cakkital kitaale 1950 Claybury kadi dañii hakkillaaji keewɗi nde tawnoo, e gardagol konsulteeji Denis Martin e John Pippard, ko kañum woni ardiiɗo laawol renndo safaara luulndiingo e nder juɓɓule kuuɓtodinɗe ko ina tolnoo e 2 700 neɗɗo.[14] E hitaande 1968, Martin siftinii ƴellitaare renndo safaara Claybury e nder Adventure e nder safaara hakkille.[15] E hitaande 1972, deftere binndanɗe ɗe gollotooɓe ɓee mbinndi, ɗe Elizabeth Shoenberg winndi, njaltinaa e tiitoonde, Opitaal ina ndaara hoore mum:[16]

Njoɓdi tati ndi karallaagal renndo safaara, huutoraade leɗɗe kese e huutoraade safaaraaji ɓalli ɗii, addani ustaare ñawɓe gila e 2 332 e hitaande 1950 haa 1 537 e hitaande 1970. Kono tan, ŋakkeende toppitagol renndo addani ‘damal njirlotoongal’ syndrome’ e ko ɓuri feccere e naatgol ngol ko naatgol kadi.[17]

Gila e darorɗe kitaale 1940 ɓeydii saɗtude heɓde janngooɓe infirmiyee en e gollotooɓe woɗɓe ummoriiɓe to leydi Angalteer. Heewɓe, ɓe ngalaa Engele seeɗa, ƴettaa ko e Orop, ndokkaama jaŋde ɗemngal Engele.[18] E hitaande 1962, Enoch Powell, jaagorgal cellal e oon sahaa, hollitii wonde opitaaluuji ɗii ina poti ɗaɓɓude gollotooɓe e nder leydi Indiya e Pakistaan.[19] E hitaande 1968 ina woodi leƴƴi 47 tawaaɗi e Claybury tawa ina njogii leƴƴi, diineeji e ɗemɗe ceertuɗe, ɗiin fof ina njeyaa e keewal renndo terapi.[18]

Ƴellitaare e nder toppitagol renndo
Enoch Powell wiyiino e hitaande 1961 wonde denndaangal opitaaluuji hakkillaaji maa udde e nder duuɓi 15. E goonga, gadano oo, hono Banstead, udditaama e hitaande 1986. E hitaande 1983, fedde toppitiinde cellal diiwaan Thames to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange (NETRHA) ƴettii peeje duuɓi 10 ngam artirde toppitagol ngol opitaaluuji Friern e Claybury ndokki jooni ɗii.[20] Limre nyawɓe e defte Claybury statuary e darorɗe hitaande 1980 ko 1,057 e hitaande 1990 ko 429.[21]

Won e ñawɓe juutɓe, ɓe ngonaa njuɓɓudi laaɓtundi, Claybury wonnoo ko galle e wuro nokkuyankeewo fotde duuɓi capanɗe, won heen ko ɓuri duuɓi 40. Caɗeele njuɓɓudi moƴƴitingol maɓɓe e nder nokku keso, mo ɓe meeɗaa yiyde, mo ɓe mbaawi jogaade no feewi e sikkitaare, ina mawni no feewi. E hitaande 1988, fedde wiɗtooji cellal e renndo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde South Bank Polytechnic yaltinii ɓataake wiɗto laaɓtuɗo ko fayti e humpito caggal nde ɓe njalti e safrirde, e nder fedde wonnooɓe e ñawɓe Claybury ɓe ngonnoo ko juuti.[22]

Uddugol

Asilo Claybury, ko mbaydi les
Ngam mawninde duuɓi teemedere mum e hitaande 1993, fedde toppitiinde cellal ladde yaltinii daartol kuuɓtodinngol, binndaangol no feewi e opitaal oo, ina wiyee, Claybury, teeminannde toppitagol, winndi ɗum ko Eric Pryor mo wonnoo tergal e gollotooɓe e safrirde gila 1948.[23]

E nder porogaraam Care in the Community e ustaare limngal ñawɓe, nokku Claybury oo ina jogori arde e caɗeele garooje. NHS ina ɗaɓɓi e ustude yaajde e mahngo keso ɓurngo heewde, tawi noon Local Planning Authority e English Heritage ina ɗaɓɓi ɓurde jogaade mahngooji daartol ɗii e haɗde mahngo keso ngoo e nokkuuji gonɗi ɗii, e fawaade e dokkal Green Belt e nder Pewnugol Ƴellitaare Unitaire. [24] Opitaal oo uddaama e hitaande 1997.[1]

Angalteer daartol hollitii wonde opitaal oo ko "asilo ɓurɗo teeŋtude mahaaɗo e nder Angalteer caggal hitaande 1875... [ko] asilo gadano huutoraade peeje echelon, ɗo asilooji caggal ɗii fof tuugnii e dow mum."[2] Blok opitaal oo wonnoo toɗɗaa ko mahdi limtaaɗi e tolno II e hitaande 1990,[2] hono no bloc stable, woniri to fuɗnaange-rewo mahdi mawndi ndii.[25]

Parke Repton
Caggal nde opitaal oo udditaa e hitaande 1997, Crest Nicholson (gollodiiɗo e Heritage Engele e fedde London Wildlife Trust) wayli ɗum wonti galle damal, o wayli innde mum Repton Park.[24]

Kapel opitaal oo waylaama wonti piscine e nokku cellal ngam huutoraade hoɗɓe e Repton Park.[26] Gonnooɗo hoɗɓe e Repton Park ina jeyaa heen yimooɓe V V Brown e Simon Webbe e fijoowo biyeteeɗo Patsy Palmer. Jeyiiji kadi ina ngaddi fukuyaŋkooɓe karallaagal ummoriiɓe Arsenal e Spurs.[29]

Ƴeew kadi
Cellal to Londres
Tuugnorgal
 "Opitaal Claybury". Opitaaluuji majjuɗi to Londres. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 26 lewru Mbooy 2018.
 Angalteer daartol. "Opitaal Claybury (1080979)". Doggol ndonu ngenndi ngam Angalteer. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2017.
 Erik H. (1993). Claybury, Teeminannde toppitagol. Essex: Fedde toppitiinde cellal hakkille, Fedde toppitiinde cellal ladde. pp. 26, 27.
 Asilo Claybury, Woodford, Essex: suudu nyaamdu (?). Foto ko fedde fotooje London & County, [1893?], 1 lewru Yarkomaa 1893, ƴettaa ko 24 lewru Ut 2016
 Jones, Robeer (1906) ƴetti e Pryor (1993) p. 71.
 Pryor (1993) p. 87.
 Pryor (1993) hello 67 haa 70.
 Pryor (1993) hello 70 haa 72
 Hennell, Tomaa (1 lewru Yarkomaa 1935),