N'guigmi

N'guigmi ko wuro e Komin ujunnaaje sappo e joyi e nder fuɗnaange leydi Niiseer, saraaji no feewi maayo Caad – ina fawii e daande maayo mum haa maayo ngoo rewti. Ko laawol gonngol hakkunde karallaagal gelooɗi gaadanteeji Toureg e njulaagu yahooɓe Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange e nder Saharaa.

 Yiyngo 
N'guigmi ko nokku konu wonande diiwaan oo, nokku njulaagu salte ummoraade Kaourar kadi ko nokku cakkitiiɗo e laawol feewde Caad. Ko "jokkondiral laawol ngol" kadi ko joofnirde taƴre pawaande e laawol Niiseer 1, hay so tawii noon taƴe ɓennuɗe Diffa ɗee ina nganndiraa ngonka mum en bonka.[3] Laabi ɗiɗi mawɗi walla laabi karallaagal ɗi ngalaa paabi ina njokkondiri e N'guigmi gila fuɗnaange, ina rokka laawol mawngol hakkunde Caad e Niiseer, e gooto e laabi ɗiɗi leydi feewde wuro Bilma, Oasis Kaourar.
Wuro ngo woni ko e daande maayo Dilia Bosso, ko falnde maayo ɓooyngo e lootgol sahaaji, ummoraade e Massif Termit ko ina tolnoo e 200 km to worgo-fuɗnaange haa e ko wonnoo daande maayo Caad ko ɓooyaani koo, e nder cakkital teeminannde 20ɓiire. Wuro ngoo wonnoo ko e oon sahaa nokku renndo liɗɗi Kanuri. E kitaale 2000, hay e sahaa toɓo, nokku ɓurɗo ɓadaade ndiyam ko wuro Doro (innde Beri-beri wonande "Porto liɗɗi") 45 km to fuɗnaange-rewo N'guigmi. E nder yooro Sahel e cakkital kitaale 1970, daande maayo ngoo ina woɗɗi N'guigmi to Caad 85 km.[4]

Wuro ngo woni jooɗorde Departemaa N'guigmi, gooto e tati e nder Diiwaan Diffa, tawi ina jeyaa heen fuɗnaange Diiwaan oo fof. N'guigmi ko hoɗorde mawnde yimɓe Kanuri, kam e terɗe koɗdiiɗo e leƴƴi Wodaabe-Fulani e Daza/Toubou, koɗkiiji gaadanteeji.

 Tuugnorgal 
Limlebbi yimɓe ummoraade e citypopulation.de, e wiyde (2012) Duɗal ngenndiwal limtooji leydi Niiseer.
Nguigmi, Nijeer Page. Genomik toɓo ɓuuɓngo, Inc. 1996-2004

Ƴeew Geels. Fotooje 2005 ummoraade e winndiyanke jahroowo e duuɓi 18 ina njuɓɓinee ɗoo, e ɗoo

Geels (2006) hello 236-237

Dekalo, Samuwel (1997). Saggitorde daartol leydi Niiseer (3e éd.). Boston e Folkstone: Jaaynde hulɓiniinde. ISBN 0-8108-3136-8.: p.225

Geels, Jolijn (2006). Niiseer. Ɓoornugol leydi ndii, ko 100 000 mbuuɗu. ISBN 978-1-84162-152-4.: pp.232-237