Maryam Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja

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Maryam Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja (aarabeere: مريم عبد الهادي الخواجة , e ɗemngal romaan: Maryam ʻAbd al-Hādi al-Khawāja ; jibinaa ko 26 suwee 1987)[1] ko daraniiɗo jojjanɗe aadee e Bahreyn. Ko o ɓiy Abdulhadi al-Khawaja, daraniiɗo jojjanɗe aadee mo Bahreyn, gonnooɗo gardiiɗo nokku toppitiiɗo jojjanɗe aadee (GCHR).[2] Ko kanko woni hannde wasiya keeriiɗo ko fayti e wallitde e nder GCHR, omo golloroo kadi e wasiyaaji e nder ONG. O wonii tergal e fedde winndereyankoore ngam hakkeeji aadee e No Hiding Place. O wonii cukko hooreejo e nder yiilirde Fonds d’Action Urgente.

 Nguurndam adanɗam 
Al-Khawaja jibinaa ko to leydi Siri, yumma mum ina wiyee Khadija Almousawi, e Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja, daraniiɗo jojjanɗe aadee mo Bahreyn-Denmark. Baaba makko ina yiɗnoo to leydi Bahrein gila e cakkital kitaale 1980. Nde o heɓi duuɓi ɗiɗi, ɓesngu makko heɓi asilo politik to leydi Danemark.[3] Ɓe ngoni toon haa hitaande 2001, nde ɓe njaɓaa naatde Bahreyn.[4]

Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bahrain e hitaande 2009, Al-Khawaja waɗii hitaande to Amerik e bursi Fulbright to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Brown. Kono nde o arti Bahrein e cakkital hitaande 2010, o dañaani golle e nder jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe walla jaŋde sabu golle baaba makko jowitiiɗe e jojjanɗe aadee. E nder heen o naati e Centre Bahrein for Human Rights, mo baaba makko sosi, ɗo o ardii biro jokkondiral caggal leydi, o wonti cukko hooreejo, o woni hooreejo e sahaa nde hooreejo BCHR, Nabeel Rajab, wonnoo e sahaaji nde o nanngaa.[4]

Ñalnde 22 lewru juko hitaande 2011, baaba Al-Khawaja ñaawaa kasoo e nder ñaawirde militeer en, tawi ko o tuumaaɗo « yuɓɓinde e ƴellitde fedde ownooɓe » sabu darnde makko e nder fitinaaji Bahrain 2011-2012 ngam haɓaade demokaraasi.[5]

 Kugal 
Golle jojjanɗe aadee

Al-Khawaja ina tiiɗnoo e tawtoreede seppooji e wallitde pelle jojjanɗe aadee gila nde o woni suka. O golliima kadi fiɓnde e firo jaayndiyankooɓe arɓe Bahrain ngam humpitaade ngonka toon. E hitaande 2006, Al-Khawaja ina jeyaa e delegaasiyoŋ yahnooɗo to galle ONU to wuro New York, o hawri e balloowo Sekreteruuji Jeneraal ngam rokkude ɗaɓɓaande mawnde ngam ɗaɓɓude yo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe oo woppu laamu, sabu mum bonnude jojjanɗe aadee. E hitaande 2008, Al-Khawaja noddaama e juuɗe Goomu jojjanɗe aadee biyeteeɗo Tom Lantos ngam seedtaade to Kongres Amerik ko fayti e ndimaagu diine to Bahreyn. Laamu nguu ardiima kampaañ ƴaañoowo e nder jaayɗe ngam haɓaade fedde daraniiɓe haalooɓe e ndeeɗoo jonnde ina jeyaa heen Al-Khawaja, haala maɓɓe jaɓaama e juɓɓule ko wayi no Frontline, OMCT e FIDH.

 Naatgol e fitinaaji Bahreyn 
Wideyooji yaajɗi

icon video Maryam al-Khawaja tawtoreede yeewtere ndimaagu Oslo e lewru mee 2011 e nder Youtube

Caggal nde o tawtoraama e yuɓɓinde seppooji gadani ngam haɓaade demokaraasi e hitaande 2011, Al-Khawaja naati e njillu haalooɓe caggal leydi e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde e nder batuuji. E nder ngol njillu, o waɗii batuuji e politikaaji leydi Angalteer, o haaldii e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam hakkeeji aadee to Geneve.[6] Nde Nabeel Rajab haɗaa yaltude Bahreyn, caɗeele heɓde jaayɗe yaajɗe e ko famɗi fof 500 tergal ardiiɓe luulndo nanngaa, al-Khawaja ƴetti darnde renndoyankoore mawnde e nder leydi Bahrein. E wiyde Joe Stork mo Human Rights Watch, BCHR wasiyiima yo o jokku caggal leydi tawa ina waawi nanngeede so o artii.[4]

E lewru abriil, al-Khawaja tawtoraama batu winndereyankeewu Amerik-lislaam,[7] ɗo o waawi haaldude e oon sahaa, gardiiɗo leydi ndii, hono Hillary Clinton, o haalana ɗum daartol nanngugol baaba makko e miñiraaɓe makko ɗiɗo. O ñaagii Clinton nde Amerik ƴettata darnde tiiɗnde ngam haɓaade tooñannge to Bahrein, o siftini kadi wonde laamu Bahrein huutoriima kaɓirɗe Amerik ngam haɗde seppooɓe ɓee, ko ɗum addani Amerik waɗde ɗum.[8] E lewru mee, o haali e Oslo Freedom Forum ko fayti e ko o dañi e fitinaaji laamu to Bahrein.[3][9] Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, o rokki seedantaagal e nder batu Amerik ko fayti e jojjanɗe aadee to Bahreyn.[10][11]

 Golle e internet 
Ko adii fitinaaji Bahreyn, Al-Khawaja golloraaki e Twitter, o alaa ko ɓuri 30 almuudo. Haa e lewru suwee 2017, o jogii ko ɓuri 109 900 almuudo, o neldii ko ɓuri 51 000 tweet,[12] ko o rokki yeewtere e sahaa tigi-rigi e seppooji ceertuɗi ɗi jaayɗe keewɗe njiylotoo. Nde seppooɓe ɓee njippii e laabi ɗii, o jooɗii balɗe keewɗe e nder wuro wiyeteengo Pearl Roundabout to Manama, omo waɗa tweet.[6]

 Kunaaɗe e ƴattooje 
Al-Khawaja ina wondi e caɗeele internet ummoraade e wallidiiɓe laamu nguu.[4] O tawtoraaki IFEX to leydi Liban e fuɗɗoode lewru juko caggal nde o heɓi kulhuli maayde.[13] Ɗoon e ɗoon, caggal konngol makko e nder Oslo Freedom Forum (stream live online) kampaañ Twitter fuɗɗii, ina tuuma wonde omo saakta kabaruuji fenaande, omo woni radikal, omo golloroo laamu Iraan. Mesaasuuji keewɗi tuumooji Al-Khawaja wonde ko « janfotooɗo » Bahreyn neldaama e konte imeel Oslo Freedom Forum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ƴaañgal tweeting, blogging e internet ummorii ko to U.S., nder diɗɗal kuutorɗe geɗe politik e nder jokkondiral Qorvis.[9] Kampaañ oo ina waɗi kadi heckling yuɓɓinaango.[9]

E wiyde FIDH, e fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2011, kampaañ ƴaañoowo mo anndaaka, fuɗɗiima feewde e Nabeel Rajab e Al-Khawaja "e ballal mawngal laamuuji Bahrein."[14]

Ñalnde 30 lewru bowte hitaande 2014, nde o yahrata ngam yiyde baaba makko to Manama, Al-Khawaja nanngaa, o tuumaa warde polis gooto. O woppitaa ko e kasoo, o yalti Bahrein ñalnde 2 oktoobar 2014, o woppi ñaawoore makko. E lewru desaambar, o ñaawaa hitaande wootere e kasoo.[15] Bahrein ina jokki e wiyde wonde nanngugol al-Khawaja ina selli.[16] Jooni noon, omo jogii yamiroore nanngugol, tee omo jogii ñaawirɗe nay jowitiiɗe e ñaawoore, heen gootal ko sariya terorisma, ina waawi kadi ñaaweede nguurndam mum fof walla warde.

 Njeenaaje 
E lewru Noowammbar 2023, Al-Khawaja naati e doggol 100 rewɓe BBC.[17]

 Tuugnorgal 

 Nikolin Vestergaard (9 abriil 2012). "DOOƊƊO: Kampaañ Al-Khawajas ngam demokaraat en". DR. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 7 abriil 2016.
 "Ko fayti e amen". Golf ngam jojjanɗe aadee. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 30 mars 2016.
 Winndiyanke gollotooɓe (mee 2011). "Mariyam Al-Khawaja". Forum ndimaagu Oslo. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 26 sulyee 2011. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 17 sulyee 2011.
 Karen Ley (29 suwee 2011). "Atlantik: Egginaa e 24: Debbo tokooso ina haɓa e Bahreyn". Atlantik. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 13 sulyee 2011.
 Chulov, Martin (22 suwee 2011). "Daraniiɓe hakkeeji leydi Bahrein ngoppitaa haa abada". Winndannde e internet. Londres: Gardiiɗo. Ko 16-02-2012 ƴettaa.
 Korte C. Rads (28 sulyee 2011). "Sukaaɓe rewɓe Bahrain ina njokki e rewolison oo e daande toownde". eNews rewɓe. Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 2012.
 "Tawtoraaɓe 2011", U.S. - Forum winndere lislaam, lewru abriil 2011 Arsiif 2011-06-26 to masiŋ Wayback. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 17 sulyee 2011.
 Maryam al-Khawaja ina haalda e jaagorgal ko feewti e cellal to leydi Amrik. Amerik: Youtube. 13 abriil 2011. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 2 mee 2012.
 Thor Halvorssen (19 mee 2011). "PR Mercenaries, Jaagorgal mum en Dictateur, e Taƴre Hakkeeji Aadee". HuffPost. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 17 sulyee 2011.
 "Teskorɗe POMED: “Hakkeeji aadee e nder Bahreyn”", nokku Bahreyn ngam hakkeeji aadee, 13 mee 2011. Heɓtinaa ko 17 sulyee 2011.
 "ANNDINO: HAKKEEJI NEƊƊI E BAHREIN", Tom Lantos Goomu jojjanɗe aadee, 13 mee 2011 Arsiif 14 sulyee 2011 to masiŋ Wayback. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 17 sulyee 2011.
 Maryam Alkhawaja (2 mee 2012). "MARYAMALKHAWAJA". Twitter. Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 2 lewru Mbooy 2012.
 "IFEX ina ɗaɓɓi e laamɓe Bahrein yo ngoppu nanngugol e torlaaji ɓe ngoni e mum en ngam hollirde koye mum en e jam tan". Wostondirde ndimaagu haalde hakkunde leyɗeele. 28 lewru juko 2011. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 14 abriil 2012.
 "Kampaañ fenaande dow Mr Nabeel Rajab e Mrs Maryam Al Khawaja - BHR 008 / 0611 / OBS 097". FIDH. 30 lewru juko 2011. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 14 abriil 2012.
 "Bahreyn". Ndimaagu jaayndeeji. Suudu ndimaagu. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 30 mars 2016.
 Siigel, Robeer (22 mars 2016). "Daraniiɓe Bahrain ina ɗaɓɓi e Amerik nde waɗata hakkille mum e ƴaañde hakkeeji leydi ndii". Geɗe ɗee fof ƴeewtaama. NPR. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 30 mars 2016.
 "BBC 100 debbo 2023: Hol mo woni e doggol ngol hitaande ndee?". Kabaaru BBC. Ñalnde 23 noowammbar 2023. Ƴeewtaa ko 24-11-2023.
Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe