Sir William Arbuthnot Lane, 1st Baronet

Sir William Arbuthnot Lane, baronet 1, CB, FRCS (4 sulyee 1856 – 16 lewru mbooy 1943) ko cafroowo e cafroowo Angalteer. O anndii seppooji ortopedi, reedu, e noppi, nofru e daande, omo fawa heen kuutorɗe kese feewde e asepsis ɓurɗo mawnude. Ko noon o naatiri "karallaagal no-touch", won e kuutorɗe makko peewnaaɗe ina keddii e kuutoragol.

Lane woni ardiiɗo fiɓnde ndernderiire ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓuuɓri, laabi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri, e ƴettugol ɓalndu e kolektomi ngam safrude "ñawu Lane" - hannde ina wiyee inertia koloñaal, mo o anndi e hitaande 1908 - ko seppooji ɗii ngonnoo ko luulndiiɗi kono ko seppooji reedu yahruɗi yeeso. E wolde adunaare adannde, nde o woni ofisee e nder konu safaara konu laamɗo, o yuɓɓini, o udditi opitaal Queen Mary to Sidcup, ko kañum woni ardiiɗo opereeji moƴƴitingol. Lane, surgeon ɓurɗo mawnude e jamaanu Victorian e Edwardian, o golliima e renndoyankooɓe, e politikaaji, e laamɓe. Lane noon heɓi baronet e hitaande 1913.

E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920, nde tawnoo ko o daraniiɗo haɓaade kanseer e nder ñaamdu, Lane hawri e luulndo safrooɓe, o woppi golle e nder fedde safrooɓe Angalteer, o sosi fedde wiyeteende New Health Society, woni fedde adannde gollorde safrooɓe renndo. E nder jaayɗe e yeewtereeji, sahaa e sahaa fof ina addana ɗum yimɓe heewɓe, Lane ina ƴellita ñaamdu timmundu, ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam, naange e fijirde : peeje makko ngam ƴellitde cellal e nguurndam juutɗam rewrude e ɓuuɓri tati ñalnde kala. E rewindaade ñawuuji ceertuɗi haa e siwil hannde, o wiyi yimɓe ɓee yo ngartu e leydi ndema.

Ngam cellal makko kesal, Lane haa jooni wonti yiyeede ko crank. Facciro Lane jowitiingo e jokkondire hakkunde ɓuuɓri e ñawu nguu ko sabu autointoxication, ko ɓuri heewde e gastroenterologist en ina cikka ko fenaande tan, kadi seppooji Lane gadani ɗii ngam ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓuuɓri ina kollita wonde ɗi ngalaa daliilu. Kono tan, ɓuuɓri ina heddii e caɗeele cellal mawɗe jowitiiɗe e maale ceertuɗe, ina jeyaa heen hakkille – sahaa e sahaa fof ina faamniree ñawu Lane – e kolektomi timmuɗo ina wuurtinaa gila e kitaale 1980, ko ɗum woni safaara ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede, hay so tawii noon ko ñawu nguu woni hannde laawol gadanol ngol.

Nguurndam e golle
Ɓingel
William Arbuthnot Lane jibinaa ko e hitaande 1856 to Fort George sara Inverness, Ecoppi, ko kanko woni mawɗo e nder ɓiɓɓe Benjamin Lane njeetato. William janngii e duɗe e nder leyɗeele jeetati e nder duuɗe nay—Irlannda, Inndo, Korfu, Malta, Kanadaa, Afrik worgo, e woɗɓe—ndeen ɓesngu makko ina rewi e konu.[1][3] E nder jibinannde yumma makko ɓiɓɓe njeeɗiɗo e nder doggol jaawngol caggal makko, William ina heewi heddaade e toppitagol konu.[3] Nde o yahrata e duuɓi 12, o neldaa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Stanley House, to wuro wiyeteengo Bridge of Allan to leydi Ecoppi.[4]

Jaangirde
E hitaande 1872, baaba makko yuɓɓini mo, omo yahra e duuɓi 16, ngam janngude safaara to opitaal Guy.[1][2] Ina wayi no ko o semmbinɗo, omo nanndi e suka hay so e duuɓi makko, William fuɗɗiima won’de won e caɗeele e wondiiɓe makko janngooɓe, kono ɓe njaawni anndude baawɗe makko keewɗe.[2][4] Ɓooytaani, o waawnaa waylude e seppo, kono, golle ɓurɗe laaɓtude e safaara.[1][4] Caggal mum, o heɓi dipolomaaji baccalauréat to bannge safaara e master to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres.[2][4]

Kugal
E hitaande 1877, nde o heɓi duuɓi 21, o heɓi seedantaagal wonde tergal e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamɗo,[2] o fuɗɗii golloraade to Chelsea, to Londres, to opitaal sukaaɓe Victoria.[1][5] E hitaande 1883, Lane wonti Fellow to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamɗo, o naati e opitaal Great Ormond Street,[2] ɗo o woni konsul haa hitaande 1916.[1] E hitaande 1888,[6] nde o yahrata e duuɓi 32, Lane arti e opitaal Guy ngam wonde holliroowo anatomi e balloowo seppo, o woni e Guy ko ɓuri heewde e nguurndam makko.[1][2]

Lane wonti ko anndiraa haa teeŋti e fiɓnde ndernderiire ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓuuɓri, feewnude ƴiiƴam jibinannde, e ƴellitde kolektomi,[2] ko ɗum, hay so tawii ko huunde luulndiinde no feewi, kadi ko ɓuri heewde e sehilaaɓe seppooji ina luulndii ɗum, teeŋti noon e seppooji reedu yahruɗi yeeso.[7] Lane gollodiima e Down Brothers ngam feewnude kuutorɗe ceertuɗe, ko wayi no : ƴulɓe, elewaaji periosteal, ƴulɓe ƴiiƴam, ƴulɓe anastomosis ɓalndu, ƴulɓe jogorɗe jogaade ƴiye, e osteotome.[8] Ngam opereeji makko dow laamu Biritaniya, o hokkaama baronetcy nder hitaande 1913.[1]

Lane wonti ofisee e nder konu laamɗo, gardiiɗo seppooji konu,[9] e nder wolde adunaare adannde (1914–18).[8] Ngalɗoo gollal ko o seppo konsulteer to Aldershot to opitaal konu Cambridge e ngam udditde opitaal Queen Mary to Sidcup—ɗo, e foolde laamu nguu ngam wallitde ɗum, o rokki Harold Gillies suudu ɗo Gillies ardii opitaal moƴƴitingol[9]—Lane toɗɗaa ko Companion e Ordo ɓurɗo teddude e Bath.[1] E hitaande 1920, ko juuti caggal nde o arti e golle wolde, Lane woppi golle makko e opitaal Guy, kono o jokki golle makko e nder biro makko.[2]

Sir Wiliyam Arbutnot Lane, Baronet 1
Bindi
O fuɗɗii yaltude ko e hitaande 1883, duuɓi jeeɗiɗi caggal nde o fuɗɗii golle makko e seppo.[10] O yaltinii fotde 189 winndannde heen 72 ko fayti e fractFiɓnde ndernderiire
Ko ciimtol anecdotal tan huutortoo fiɓnde ndernderiire ngam settingol ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓuuɓri, ko adii nde Joseph Lister fuɗɗii e hitaande 1865 e ɓuuɓri antiseptik, ndeen Lister hollitii ɓoggol kaalis e dow ɓuuɓri petellar ɓuuɓri.[2] Kono hay ko adii radiyoo, Lane yiytii wonde setting conventionnel e manipulation e splints ina addana en batte bonɗe—disunion ƴiye e waylooji jokkondire walla ɓoornaade e nder yimɓe e nder golle ɓalli keewɗe—e Lane fuɗɗii huutoraade wires e screws e hitaande 1892.[2] E nder luulndaare mawnde renndo safrooɓe konservatiif, feere Lane ndee ko waylude no feewi haa juɓɓule seedtinɗe seernaaɓe won heen ina ndartina almudɓe waawɓe laaɓtinde ɗeen peeje, sibu fotde 50% e ñawɓe ɓe ɓuuɓri mum en udditaa ndii maayi ko e ñawuuji jowitiiɗi e mum en.[2] Kono e karallaagal seppooji ɗi wonaa antiseptik, kono aseptik, ɗi meeɗaa nande, Lane fortii yeeso.

E nder ɗuum, njeñtudi mbonndi seernaaɓe woɗɓe, ko wayi no sepsis saabinooɗo dental ŋakkungal, won heen ina njokkondiri e Lane e majjere.[2] Fedde safrooɓe leydi Angalteer toɗɗii goomu ngam wiɗtude golle Lane ɗee—e ɓe laamii e dow ballal Lane.[22] So tawii seernaaɓe woɗɓe ina njiɗi asepsis kono lapse, ma a taw ina memoo nokku mo sterilisaaka, Lane's protocol fastidious no feewi ina ustoo.[22] Deftere makko nde o winndi e hitaande 1905, wiyeteende “Traitement opératif des fractures” hollitii njeñtudi moƴƴiri.[2] Kadi e hitaande 1907, Lane yaltinii pilaate, baɗaaɗe e njamndi.[2] (Stainless steel, yiytaa e duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii, huutoraaka no feewi e nder safaara walla e nder seppooji haa ko ɓooyi.)[2] E caggal ɗuum, haala Lane ka heewi seertude e jokkondire ɗe ngonaa seppooji, ko radiyogaraafi holliti ɗum.[2] Ko ɗum fof e wayde noon, batte Lane ina naatna heen luulndiiɓe fiɓnde ndernderiire, ina waawi kadi ɓurde doole goɗɗe, ardinooɓe hono Albin Lambotte e caggal mum William O’Neill Sherman.[2]

Stasis ɓalndu
Baɗte
E hitaande 1886, eggoowo Riisi biyeteeɗo Elie Metchnikoff – yiytuɗo fagosituuji jokkondirɗi e reentaade jibinannde – jaɓɓaama to Pari e juuɗe Louis Pasteur e suudu nduu fof to duɗal Pasteur.[23] No Paul Ehrlich—miijo ko faati e antibiotik jokkondirɗo e cellal keɓaaɗo—e no Pasteur waɗiri nii, Metchnikoff ina sikki wonde ñamri ina waawi battinde e cellal.[23] E renndinde yi’annde Pasteur e ganndal ko feere ngam haɓaade caɗeele aadee, Metchnikoff addi Farayse pine mum gadane yogurt, faandaare mum ko mikroo-organismeeji mum probiyotik ngam haɗde mikroo-organismeeji ɓuuɓɗi e nder ɓalndu, tawi ina wiyee ina addana ɗum en ɓuuɓri tooke, autointoxication.[22][24] Caggal mum, gardiiɗo Duɗal Pasteur e Nobelist 1908, Metchnikoff yi’i colon ko huunde ɓooynde, nde moofti ƴiiƴam maamiraaɓe men laddeeji ko juuti, nafoore nguurndam e nder kullon ladde keewkon, kono ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi nde tawnoo siwil ina woppira aadee ngam yaltinde ko aldaa e caɗeele. [26] Metchnikoff hollitii wonde colonel ina waawi ustaade haa, ina wiyee ko nanndi e appendix, ɗum wonti vestigial.[26] Deftere Metchnikoff wiyeteende La Vie Humaine ina hollita wonde cafroowo cuusɗo ina itta ƴiiƴam ɗam.[27] Lane e Metchnikoff kawri ko e galle Lane.[28]

Pioneer psychiatrist mo Angalteer biyeteeɗo Henry Maudsley hollitii "hujjaaji keewɗi wonde tooke gonɗe e nder nguurndam walla e nder ƴiiƴam e hoore mum ina mbaawi waɗde ko ɓuri bonde e nokkuuji nerwooji ɓurɗi toowde e hoore mum wonaa e peewnugol majjere moƴƴere walla ŋakkeende miijo, kono ko e waylude tonngoode hakkille", ndeen ma a taw « majjere gonnde e won e mbaadi », hay so tawii noon « golle mum ɓurɗe tiiɗde ko peewnugol majjere ɓurnde walla famɗude e kuuɓtodinnde ŋakkeende miijo".[29] William Hunter, doktoor mawɗo mo leydi Angalteer, ñaawi sepsis e nder hunuko e hitaande 1900, o jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara Kanadaa to Montreal e hitaande 1910.[30] Duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, cafroowo Chicago biyeteeɗo Frank Billings innitiri ɗum ñawu nguu.[30] E nder winndere haalooɓe Engele, lectures Hunter e Billings "ina njuɓɓina yiite gonɗe e ɓuuɓri",[30] ɓe miijo mum en hawri e mbaydi autointoxication.[25][31][32]

Gila 1875, doktoor Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo John Harvey Kellogg to Battle Creek, to Michigan, to suudu safrirdu mum mawndu—ina jeeynoo « Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Cellal », ina golloroo fotde 800 haa 1 000 neɗɗo, tee hitaande kala ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje ñawɓe, ina heen Hooreejo leydi Amerik e yimɓe mawɓe—ina kaɓa ɓuuɓri e ñawu nguu e reentaade sepsis ɓalndu.[31][33] E fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, e ñiŋde tuumaaɗo "faddist en cellal" hono Kellogg e Sylvester Graham, safrooɓe Ameriknaaɓe jaɓnooɓe miijo focal infection ndartini koye mum en e aadaaji Almaañ "safaara ganndal".[34] Kellogg hollitii wonde wiɗtooɓe Almaañ ina njaɓa doosgal autointoxication, kono, e huutoraade kelme ceertuɗe, ina mballita ɗum e cirƴam.[33] Gila nde patoloji Faraysenaajo biyeteeɗo Charles Jacques Bouchard, e nder deftere mum 1887,[35] ƴetti helmere autointoxication,[26] wiɗtooɓe Farayse ɓee njuurnitii, ina kaɓa e peeñcu,[33][36] ko wiɗtooɓe heewɓe to Orop e Amerik njiylotonoo ɗum.[36] 32] E nder ɗuum Ñawu lane
Sindoron mo Lane habri e hitaande 1908, « ñawu Lane » walla « ñawu Arbuthnot Lane », hannde ko gastroenterologist en keewi innirde ɗum ko ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓalndu walla ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓalndu walla inertia koloñaal,[39] ko ɗum hollirta ko ina wona 15% haa 30% e ɓuuɓri ñawɓe.[38] E hitaande 1985, winndannde Lane adannde ko fayti e safrude ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓalndu wonti ko huunde ɓooynde,[95] tawi noon jarribooji fisiyoloji e suɓaade ñawɗo ɓurɗo laaɓtude kesɗitinii nafoore e kolektomi timmuɗo e anastomosis ileorectal - ɗum woni ittude ɓalndu tokoosru nduu fof e joi' yaltude e nder reedu—ngam safrude inertia koloñaal, ñawu Lane.[39][96] Jooni noon, miijo gastroenterologie jaɓaango ngo, ko wonde, hay so tawii ñawɓe seeɗa ina njogii sarɗiiji suɓagol, ina foti waɗeede e seppo ngam safrude ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓuuɓri.[97] Laabi suɓagol ina poti tiiɗde no feewi, ina jeyaa heen kadi tabitinde ko heewi e yah-ngartaa colon e nder jarribooji fisiyoloji, e ɓeydagol ƴeewndorɗe safaara, hakkille, e renndo, tawa ñawɓe ɓee ina paami wonde kolektomi ina waawi waasde moƴƴinde ngonka kaa, ina waawi kadi ɓeydude mette reedu.[94]

Nafoore
Willie Lane ina jeyaa e seppooji cakkitiiɗi e yonta mo neɗɗo waawi huutoraade fannuuji tati—orthopaedic, abdominal, e noppi nofru e daande—e won e kuutorɗe seppooji ɗi o waɗi ɗii ina kuutoree haa hannde.[8] Naatgol Lane e "teknik no-touch", baawɗo rokkude seppooji aseptik, ina gasa tawa ko darnde makko ɓurnde mawnude e seppooji.[20] Hay e teeminannde 21ɓiire, sifaaji keertiiɗi ɗi Lane "foti ɗaɓɓude janngude e safrooɓe ƴiye".[8] Nguurndam Lane ina foti weltinde daartiyankooɓe safaara[7] kam e goongɗinɓe safaara kuuɓtodinɗo.[8] E jamaanu makko, won cikkatnoo ko Lane ko ganndo, won heen njaɓaani, ina jeyaa heen Sir Arthur Keith wiynoo wonde o wonaa ganndo kono ko iimanaagal jolni ɗum.[27] Ko waawi heen wonde fof, Lane ina waawi siforeede no "kuulal, perfectionniste, e surgeon keewɗo doole".[27]

Teskorɗe
 "Sir William Arbuthnot Lane (1856-1943)", Eɓɓoore naatgol suudu safrirdu taariindi (HHARP), naatgol lowre ndee: 1 Oktoobar 2003.
 Brand, Ricaard A. (2009). "Sir Wiliyam Arbutnot Lane, hitaande 1856-1943". Ortopedi kilinik e wiɗtooji jowitiiɗi heen. 467 (8): 1939-43. Doi:10.1007/s11999-009-0861-3. PMC 2706364. PMID 19418106.
 González-Crussi, Nawde ɓernde (Kaplan, 2009), p 73.
 Mostofi, Mo woni Mo e nder ƴiiƴam (Springer, 2005).
 "Opitaal Victoria ngam sukaaɓe e kitaale 1960—Teeminannde 20ɓiire", Virtual Museum, Royal Borough of Kensington e Chelsea, Naatgol e lowre ndee: 1 oktoobar 2013: "Opitaal Victoria ngam sukaaɓe ñawɓe udditaama e hitaande 1866. Fedde hoɗɓe e nokku oo ƴetti kaalis ngam waylude hoɗɓe e nokku hee Gough House wonti opitaal ngam ‘sukaaɓe miskineeɓe’ Ofisee safroowo gadano oo ko Sir William Jenner, cafroowo laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria 1905 rokki 100 leeso Nde wonti e nder fedde St George's Hospital nde ummii to opitaal mawɗo to Tooting e hitaande 1964. Ndeeɗoo foto hollitii opitaal oo ko adii nde o ustata e hitaande 1966".
 HHARP hollitii 1882, kono R Brand wiyi 1888, ko luural ngal binndol jooni ngol [mo?] ñaawi, e sinkude nate ɗiɗi ɗee kala, ngam weltinde 1888.
 Bashford, Yiylotooɗo, 1946 (Naatgol lowre ndee: 2 oktoobar 2013).
 Louis K T Fu, Ƴeewndo: "Ciftorɗe Sir William Arbuthnot Lane", Bone & Joint, Fedde Biritaannaaɓe ngam Seerndude Bone e Joint, Naatgol e lowre ndee: 2 Oktoobar 2013.
 Nikolson, Silsil mawɗo (Grove/Atlantik, 2009).
 Dally, Operation Fantasy (Rodopi, 1996), h 86.
 Dally, Operation Fantasy (Rodopi, 1996), h 85.
 BMD mo alaa ko yoɓi.
 Dally, Operation fantasy (Rodopi, 1996), pp 152-53, ina siftina ɓataake Shaw ñalnde 13 marse 1948 : "Mi meeɗaa hawrude e AL Lane anndiraa ngam sosde e huutoraade golle cirƴam ɓalndu e taƴde yarde colon: ko huunde mawnde e nder seppooji ɗi o yiɗi no saak nuciform nii, o yiɗi Walpole".
 Weseli, S. (2009). "Opereeji ngam safrude ñawu hakkille: Haajuuji ƴeewtaade miijooji ɗi ƴeewtaaka". Jaaynde fedde laamɗo safaara. 102 (10): 445-51. doi:10.1258/jrsm.2009.09k038. PMC 2755332. PMID 19797603.
 I. (2007). "Umminde Leñol 'Dabbaaji Moƴƴi': Renndo Cellal keso e Kampaañ Jaŋde Cellal e nder Hakkunde wolde Angalteer". Daartol renndo e nder safaara. 20 (1): 73-89. Doi:10.1093/sm/hkm032.
 Ole D Enersen, "Sir William Arbuthnot Lane", Moy? (Saggitorde inɗe safaara), Naatgol e lowre ndee: 2 oktoobar 2013.
 "Sir Wm. Lane, Cafroowo, Maayi". Duunde Boston. 18 lewru Yarkomaa 1943. p. 2. Heɓtinaa ko ñalnde 16 lewru juko hitaande 2019 – e jaayndeeji.com.
 "Lane, Sir Wiliyam Arbutnot (1856 - 1943)". Nguurndam Plarr e banndiraaɓe. 30 lewru juko hitaande 2013. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 16 lewru juko hitaande 2019 – e lowre enternet.
 W Arbuthnot Lane, Deftere Opereeji (London: G Bell e Ɓiɓɓe mum, 1886 Doi:10.1055/s-0032-1301755. PMC 3348730. PMID 23449085.
 Mertz, H.; Nalibof, B.; Mayer, E.A. (1999). "Maandeeji e fisiyoloji e nder ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓuuɓri". Jaaynde Ameriknaare ko faati e ƴiiƴam. 94 (1): 131-8. Doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.00783.x. PMID 9934743. S2CID 24897167.
 Citkara, Denesh K.; Bredenor, Albert J.; Kiremonini, Filippo; Delgado-Aros, ko Silwiya; Smoot, Rori L.; Yuusuf, Muunif; Freese, Debora; Kamilleri, Mikael (2004). "Darnde ŋakkeende golle e nder ɓalndu e ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam e nder sukaaɓe wonduɓe e ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓuuɓri". Jaaynde Ameriknaare ko faati e ƴiiƴam. 99 (8): 1579-84. Doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.30176.x. PMID 15307880. S2CID 38066435.
 Steele, Skoot; Melgreen, Anders (2007). "Ɓoornugol e ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓuuɓri". Kilinikuuji e nder opereeji koloñaal e reedu. 20 (2): 110-7. Doi:10.1055/s-2007-977489. PMC 2780173. PMID 20011385.
 Whorton, Laɓɓingol nder (Oxford UP, 2000), p 6.
 Alame, Amer; Bahna, Heidi (2012). "Ƴeewndo ɓuuɓri". Kilinikuuji e nder opereeji koloñaal e reedu. 25 (1): 5-11. Doi:10.1055/s-0032-1301753. PMC 3348731. PMID 23449159.
 Bove, Antoniyo; Beliini, M; Bataaliya, E; Bokkini, R; Gambaasini, D; Dow, V; Pucciani, F; Altomaar, DF; Dodi, G; Siyawodon, G; Faleto, E; Piloni, V (2012). "Haala nanondiral AIGO/SICCR ƴeewndo e safrugol ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓuuɓri (Feccere II: Safaara)". Jaaynde winndereyankoore ko faati e ƴiiƴam. 18 (36): 4994-5013. Doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i36.4994. PMC 3460325. PMID 23049207.
 Lubowski, D. Z.; Chen, F. C.; Kenedi, M. L.; Laamɗo, D. W. (1996). "Njeñtudi kolektomi ngam ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓuuɓri". Ñawuuji Kolon & Rektum. 39 (1): 23-29. Doi:10.1007/BF02048263. PMID 8601352. S2CID 40439692.
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