Dorothy Wright Liebes

Dorothy Wright Liebes (14 Oktoobar 1897 – 20 Suwee 1972) ko Ameriknaajo diisneteeɗo e mbaylaandi, ganndiraaɗo mbaydiiji kesi, diisnondirɗi e mbaydiiji kesi ngam mahooɓe e diisnondirooɓe nder galleeji."Dorothy Liebes: Sample room divider (1973.129.7)". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dsgn2/ho_1973.129.7.htm (October 2006) O anndiranoo ko "yumma njuɓɓudi jamaanu"..

 Nguurndam adanɗam 
Dorothy Wright jibinaa ko ñalnde 14 oktoobar 1897 to Santa Rosa, Kaliforni, o woni ɓiy Frederick L. Wright, jannginoowo kemikal, e Bessie Calderwood Wright, jannginoowo.[3] Nde o janngata ganndal anthropologie, naalankaagal, e jannginde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe to San Jose (jooni ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde San Jose State) e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde California, to Berkeley, o woniino janngoowo Anne Swainson, o wasiyii jarribaade diisnondiral mbaylaandi. O soodi loomre portaabe tokosere, o janngini hoore makko no njuumri.About the Dorothy Liebes Papers at the Smithsonian Institution's Archives of American Art, accessed 31 January 2012]

E hitaande 1928, o resi Leon Liebes, jom njulaagu. Ɓe ceerti ko e hitaande 1940, hay so tawii Dorothy Liebes ina jokki e innde mum to bannge golle. E hitaande 1948 o resi jaayndiyanke keɓɗo njeenaari Pulitzer, biyeteeɗo Relman Morin.

 Kugal 

1934 Koɗorɗe Gilbert Rohde ɓuuɓnaaɗe e mbaydi Liebes

Caggal duuɓi keewɗi e nder duɗal, Liebes felliti wonde diisneteeɗo e mbaydiiji, o janngi mbaydi mbaylaandi to Hull House, to Chicago, o waɗi kadi yah-ngartaa janngude to Farayse, Itali, Guatemala, e Meksik ngam janngude mbaydiiji mbaylaandi gaadanteeji. She bought a small portable loom and taught herself how to weave. Caggal nde o golli caggal leydi, Liebes arti to Amerik, o udditi suudu makko e innde mum to San Francisco. Suudu makko gadano, udditaama to 526 Powell Street to San Francisco e hitaande 1930, ko o keeriiɗo e geɗe juuɗe ngam mahooɓe e diisnondirooɓe nder.</ref> By 1938 she had seventeen men and women working in her studio. In 1942, Liebes moved her studio in San Francisco to 545 Sutter Street. Following demand, she opened a second studio in New York. She relocated full-time to New York City in 1948. E hitaande 1935, Liebes hawri e mahoowo Frank Lloyd Wright to Taliesin to Spring Green, Wiskonsin. Wright ina joginoo semmbe e filosofi mum diisnondiral.[5] Dorothy Liebes Design, Inc. udditaama e hitaande 1937, hay so tawii gorko mum ina salii, to San Fransisko.[6] E hitaande 1938 o dañii worɓe e rewɓe sappo e jeeɗiɗo gollotooɓe e nder suudu makko.[6] E hitaande 1942, Liebes ummini suudu mum to San Fransisko to 545 laawol Sutter.[5] Caggal nde o naamndii, o udditi suudu ɗiɗaɓuru to New York.[3] O ummiima e wuro New York e hitaande 1948.[1][7]

Ɗemɗe makko ina nganndiraa e mbaydiiji mum en cemmbinɗi e mbaydiiji mum en belɗi, ina keewi huutoraade geɗe ɗe o sikkaano ko wayi no ƴiye, palastik, njamndi, jute, ticker tape, strips leɗɗe, e bamɗi.[1][7] Ɓe njamiraa ko mahooɓe, ina jeyaa heen Frank Lloyd Wright, Edward Durell Stone, Miller e Pflueger e Samuel Marx.[1][8] Sosiyateeji goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen laamɗo Ibnu Sawuud mo Arabi Sawdit, otel Ahwahnee to Yosemite, e suudu pijirlooji Paramount to Oakland, Kaliforni. Textiles makko ina kuutoree kadi e nder laanaaji diwooje, e nder laanaaji geec, e nder pijirlooji e nder oteluuji.[2]

Gagga wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere ko sahaa teeŋtuɗo wonande Liebes e sosiyetee mum. Kaɓirɗe sintetik peewnaaɗe e kuutoragol e nder hare ndee, ndeen mbaɗtaa ngam huutoraade e nder galleeji. Haa teeŋti noon e aluminium, ina waɗi nafoore mawnde e peewnoowo mbaylaandi. Liebes ina weltii, ina teskini e ɗeen baawɗe, haa teeŋti noon e laabi kesi ɗi mbaawi golloreede e huutoreede. O meeɗii teskaade e nder yeewtere makko ngam diisnondirde e almudɓe to Chicago, “Miijo-ɗee sellofanuuji jalbooji, asetaatuuji ɓutti, pilastikuuji lakketeeɗi, leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, ƴiye pucci artificielle, geɗe ɗe mbaylaaka e ƴiye gilaas!” Dorothy Liebes ina heewi wiyeede ko huunde himmunde e dille Kaliforni Modernist, e nder kitaale 1940 e 1950 o jeyaa ko e diisnondirooɓe mbaylaandi ɓurɓe anndeede e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. E ko feewti e palet neutral mo heewɓe e yontaaji makko modernist en mbaɗi, Liebes ina anndaa no feewi e kuutoragol geɗe ɗe o sikkaano, colour vibrant e pattern. O joginoo ko yiɗde hawrude e kalaaji ɗi nanndaani e mbaadiiji jokkondirɗi, belɗi yiyde. Liebes ina anndira innirde kala « elixir magic » e mbaydiiji mum ina ceerti e mbaydiiji mum en keewɗi ɓuuɓɗi. O sinci ɗum “Look Kaliforni”, ko yaawi noddiraa “Look Liebes”.[10]

Dorothy Liebes ko weeyoowo baawɗo, kono kadi ko o jom njulaagu tiiɗɗo, mo o miijinoo wonde mbaydiiji peewnaaɗi e keewal ina mbaawi yettaade yimɓe ɓurɓe yaajde, tawa kadi ko e bidsee kiliyaneeɓe. Nde o woni e jogaade mbaadi juuɗe, Liebes golliima ngam tafde mbaydi mbaylaandi doole e nder mbaydiiji e kaɓirɗe keewɗe ceertuɗe. Wonaa tan mbaydiiji makko ina keɓee, kono o waɗii gollodiiɗo doole ngam gollorɗe.[11]

Liebes wonnoo ko jiiloowo diisnondirɗo e sosiyeteeji bayɗi no DuPont, Dow, Bigelow-Sanford, e Goodall Fabrics mo Sanford, Maine.[3] Ko o daraniiɗo peewnugol mbaydiiji keewɗi, o wasiyiima e ƴellitgol fiɓnde sintetik, o wallitorii e ƴellitgol masiŋaaji baawɗi ƴellitde ŋakkeende estetik e ŋakkeende mbaydiiji mbaylaandi e juuɗe.[3][7] Tuggi 1955 haa 1971 Liebes wonnoo ko jiiloowo DuPont to bannge mobelaaji galleeji. Ko o kaalirde sosiyetee oo, o walli yimɓe fof e foolde caɗeele e mbaydiiji sintetik.[12]

Liebes ina anndaa sabu mum naatde e porogaraamuuji karallaagal safaara wonande veteran’en wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e nder Amerik kala. E hitaande 1942, o toɗɗaa gardiiɗo ngenndi, fedde naalankaagal e karallaagal, Croix-Rouge Ameriknaajo.[5]

Tuggi 1961 haa 1972, naalanke mawɗo biyeteeɗo Emma Amos golliima e Dorothy Liebes, diisneteeɗo/weewoowo.

 Njeenaaje 
Dorothy Liebes jeyaa ko e heɓooɓe njeenaari Neiman Marcus Fashion Award e udditgol maɓɓe e hitaande 1938. E hitaande 1946, gooto e diidi makko cuɓaama ɓurndi moƴƴude e mbaydiiji mbaylaandi e nder Duɗal Ameriknaare Dekoraasiyoŋ[13] Hitaande rewtunde ndee, 1947, o heɓi njeenaari karallaagal Medaal ummoraade e Duɗal Ameriknaare Architects.[7] O heɓi kadi njeenaaje e njeenaaje ummoraade e Lord & Taylor, e Exposition Paris, e Ligue Architectural.[3] E hitaande 1948, o heɓi dipolomaaji tedduɗi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Mills e njeenaari Elsie de Wolfe.[3][14] E hitaande 1970 Liebes heɓi njeenaari kaŋŋe to Fedde Ameriknaare ngam golle karallaagal timmungal.[15]

 Wade 
Sabu rafi ɓernde, Dorothy Liebes woppi golle mum e hitaande 1971.[3] O maayi ko to wuro New York ñalnde 20 suwee 1972.

 Njawdi 
Golle makko ina njooɗii e nder defterdu Cooper-Hewitt, suudu defte ngenndiije,[16] suudu defte Victoria e Albert,[17] suudu naalankaagal to Chicago, suudu defte naalankaagal Amerik to duɗal Smithsonian, e suudu naalankaagal Phoebe A. Hearst Anthropologie to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni, Berkeley.

E hitaande 2023, Cooper Hewitt waɗii ƴeewndo golle Liebes, tiitoonde mum ko Niɓɓere, Annoore, Jaaynde: Peeje Dorothy Liebes.[18] Koolol ngol heɓi njeenaari 2022 ngam ƴellitaare e kesam-hesamaagu ummoraade e Decorative Arts Trust.[19]

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