Zaynab Fawwaz

Zaynab Fawwaz (1860–1914)[1] ko Libannaajo daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe, winndiyanke, winndiyanke pijirlooji, yimoowo e daartoowo rewɓe lolluɓe.[2] Deftere makko "حسن العواقب/Ḥusn al-Awaqib", (Gaaɓre welnde, 1899) ina hiisee wonde deftere adannde e ɗemngal Arab nde debbo winndi. Pijirlooji makko, "الهوى والوفاء/Al-Haawa wa al-Wafa" (Passion et Fidélité, 1893), woni pijirlooji gadani ɗi debbo winndi e ɗemngal Arab.[3]E nder njillu makko binndol, Zaynab ina joginoo jikku ƴaañoowo, ina ƴaañii e golle Muhammadu Huseyn Heikal, ina luulndii noddaango Qasim Amin ngam rimɗinde rewɓe. Golle makko ngari haa timmi e nder feccere sakkitiinde e teeminannde sappo e jeenay e fuɗɗoode teeminannde noogas e nder leydi Ejipt.[4]

 Nguurndam adanɗam 
Ko seeɗa anndaa e nguurndam Zaynab gila e cukaagu mum, ñalngu ngu o jibinaa nguu laaɓtaani.[5] E nder daartol Yuusuf Zeidan:

Zaynab Fawwāz ina hollita huunde keertiinde e nder rewɓe winndooɓe ardiiɓe. Zaynab jeyaaka e galle elite, wuro; kono o jibinaa ko e galle miskineeɓe, mo anndaaka, mo anndaa binndol, to wuro Tabnīn to fuɗnaange leydi Liban. Ko ɓuri heewde e lowre ndee ina jaɓi wonde nde o woni suka ndee, Fawwaāz ina gollinoo e galle laamorɗo ʿAlī Bey al-Asʿad al-Ṣaghīr. Golle makko to galle laamorɗo ina kollita wonde ina naftoroo mo no feewi; ɗum hokki mo fartaŋŋe jokkondirde e Fāṭimah al-Khalīl, debbo laamɗo oo, jimoowo. Fāṭimah al-Khalīl anndi Zaynab Fawwāz ina jogii hakkille, o fuɗɗii jannginde ɗum.[6]

Zaynab resi Khalil Bey Al-Assaad, gorko mo nganndu-ɗaa ko falnde, kono ɓe ceerti sabu ŋakkeende nanondiral. Ko ɗum waɗi o ummii o fayi Damas e baaba makko, o resi binndoowo Damas biyeteeɗo Adib Nazmi. Kono kadi, ɓe ceertii.

Caggal nde o yahri yeeso e nguurndam makko to Siri, o hawri e ofisee gooto e nder konu Misra, o resi ɗum. Ndeen ɓe ngummiima ɓe payi leydi Ejipt. To Misra, o hoɗii to Alexandrie, o yaajtini ganndal makko e ballal yimɓe heewɓe ko wayi no Sheek Muhammadu Shalaby, Hasan Hosni Al-Tuwarani, e Sheek Mohieddin Al-Nabhani. Taariindi ndi o wuuri ndii wallitii feeñninde doole makko goonga, o winndii ɓataakeeji keewɗi ɗi o yaltini e jaayɗe mawɗe leydi Ejipt. Ɗee binndanɗe fof ngaddi mo innde e nder fannuuji binndol, yimre, e naalankaagal. E nder oon sahaa kadi, o winndi defte ɗiɗi. O winndii saggitorde nguurndam biyeteeɗo "الدر المنثور في طبقات ربات الخدور/al-Durr al-manthur fi tabaqat rabbat al-khudur" walla Deftere perle caaktaaɗe ko fayti e cate rewɓe.

Ko heewi e oon sahaa, Zaynab wondude e Aisha Taymur ko kamɓe tan ngoni ardiiɓe jogiiɓe cuusal hollirde e binndol. Fawwaaz yaltinii golle mum e binndanɗe mum e nder kaayitaaji keewɗi ko nanndi e Al-Muayyed, Al-Niil, Al-Ahaali, Al-Liwaa, Al-Ustaas, Al-Fata, e goɗɗum. Golle makko ɓuri yowitaade ko e hirjinde ndimaagu jaŋde haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde rewɓe.

Hay so o resii ko ɓuri laawol gootol, o meeɗaa dañde ɓiɗɗo. [4]

 Golle binndol 
Nde Zaynab ummii Alexandrie, Misra, o wonti almuudo yimiyaŋke, jom jaaynde Al-Nil, hono Hasan Husni Pasha Al-Tuwayrani. E gardagol makko, o fuɗɗii winndude binndanɗe ko faati e geɗe renndo jowitiiɗe e rewɓe, e innde fenaande Durrat al-Sharq (Perle Fuɗnaange).[7][8][9]

E wiyde deftere wiyeteende Critical Reference Guide of Arab Women Writers, Fawwaz ko "daande debbo gadano noddirde rewɓe e daranaade hakkeeji mum en, neɗɗaagal mum en, e potal mum en e worɓe"[7] Ko e sahaa nde o woni e Damas e jom suudu makko ɗiɗaɓo , binndoowo Adib Nazmi al-Dimashqi, wonde Zaynab Fawwaas sosi salon binndol. No o ɓoorniri "niqab" nii, o waawaa jooɗaade e worɓe tawtoraaɓe ɓee ; o jooɗotoo ko e suudu woɗndu e nder galle hee omo waɗa yeewtere ndee, gorko makko ina waɗa nelaaɗo makko e hoɓɓe makko.[10]

Gaa gaa jaayndeyaagal makko, Zaynab ina teskaa e makko "الدر المنثور في طبقات ربات الخدور", (Deftere perle cakkitiiɗe ko faati e cate rewɓe, 1894–95), deftere mawnde, 552 kelle, deftere nguurndam fotde 456 debbo e... ko ɓe keɓi.[11] Ina teskaa wonde Zaynab winndaani hay huunde e hoore mum e nder ndee ɗoo golle, kono o mawninii, o wallitorii golle rewɓe woɗɓe.

Zaynab winndi kadi defte ɗiɗi e pijirlooji, o waɗti ɗum e yeeso feeñde deftere nde e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe.

Deftere makko adannde wiyetee ko "حسن العواقب", (The Happy Ending, 1899) e nde hiisee wonde deftere adannde nde debbo aarabeejo winndi. E nder ndee deftere, Zaynab cuusii ñiŋde renndo ngo o wuuri ngo. Ngolɗoo gollal hiisaama ko cuusal e jaambaaro no feewi. E nder binndol makko, Zaynab hollitii wonde omo wallita e ndimaagu rewɓe e ƴettude kuule. O teddini kadi teddungal e hoolaare rewɓe. Ina sikkaa wonde anniya Zaynab caggal ndee deftere ko yettude doole e muñal rewɓe kam e hakkeeji mum en e jaŋde. O holliti kadi wonde dewgal foti ko yiɗde e faamde.

Pijirlooji makko, "الهوى والوفاء" (Yiɗde e Gooŋɗinal, 1893), ko pijirlooji gadani ɗi debbo winndi e ɗemngal Arab.[3]

Zaynab ina jogii defte keewɗe goɗɗe bayyinaaɗe ina heen:[12]

"الرسائل الزينبية", ɗo o yeewtidi e hakkeeji rewɓe e jaŋde e nder fannu golle.

"مدراك الكمال في تراجم الرجال"

"الجوهر النضيد في مآثر المال الحميد"

"الملك قوروش"[13]

 Anndinde 
Ko heddii koo, ina saɗi ko rewindaade batte goonga e batte ɗe Zaynab joginoo e saraaji mum. Wiɗtooɓe e winndooɓe Sirinaaɓe heewɓe mbiyi ɓe nanii innde Zaynab kono binndanɗe makko ina keddii e haawnaade e maɓɓe. Kono Zaynab waɗii batte e nder yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi Siri, ɗo duɗal gootal inniraa.

Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e binndanɗe Zaynab ngalaa e defterdu wooturu, ina keddii ina njejjitee. Ina sikkaa wonde ngool yejjiteede e binndanɗe Zaynab ko sabu darnde makko renndo. Zaynab jeyaa ko e galle mo alaa ko waawi, omo wuuri nguurndam laaɓɗam, ɓuuɓɗam no feewi.[14]

 Wade 
Zaynab Fawwaz sankii ko hitaande 1914, to Kayhayɗi, leydi Ejipt.

 Tuugnorgal 
Hitaande jibinannde Zaynab ndee ko laamuuji ceertuɗi ndokki ɗum no feewi e hitaande 1846, 1850, 1859, e 1860, kono e wiyde Joseph T. Zeidan, winndooɓe rewɓe aarabeeɓe: duuɓi gonɗi e ƴellitaare e caggal mum (Albany: Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde dowla New York95,185). , p. 289 fn. 54, 1860 woni nanondiral kuuɓtodinngal.

Ashour, Radwa (2008). Winndooɓe rewɓe aarabeeɓe: deftere ƴeewndo, 1873–1999. Kayhayɗi: Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Amerik to Kayhayɗi. ISBN 978-977-416-146-9. p. 391.

Juppu haa: a b Joseph T. Zeidan, Winndooɓe rewɓe Aarabeeɓe: Duuɓi gonɗi e ƴellitaare e ko fayi arde (Albany: Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde New York, 1995), pp. 66-67.

Juppude haa: a b "Zaynab Fawwaas".

Joseph T. Zeidan, Winndooɓe rewɓe aarabeeɓe: duuɓi gonɗi e ƴellitaare e ko fayi arde (Albany: Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde New York, 1995), p. 289.

Joseph T. Zeidan, Winndooɓe rewɓe aarabeeɓe: duuɓi gonɗi e ƴellitaare e ko fayi arde (Albany: Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde New York, 1995), p. 64; cf. Ashour, Radwa (2008). Winndooɓe rewɓe aarabeeɓe: deftere ƴeewndo, 1873–1999. Kayhayɗi: Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Amerik to Kayhayɗi. ISBN 978-977-416-146-9, p. 14.

Juppu haa: a b Ashour e woɗɓe, 2008, 392

Zeidan, hitaande 1995, h. 83

Bahbuh, Zaynab Nubuwah (2000). زينب فواز : رائدة من أعلام النهضة العربية الحديثة، ٦٤٨١-٤١٩١. Damas: Jaagorgal pinal leydi Siri. p. 10. OCLC 45641746.

Zeidan, hitaande 1995, h. 82

Muuñal mum ko ʼal-Maṭbaʻah ʼal-Kubrá ʼal-ʼAmīrīyah, Bulāq, Ejipt, hitaande 1312 [1894]: http://search.lib.cam.ac.uk/?itemid=%7Ccambrdgedb%7C1833217. Mervat Fayez Hatem, Binndi, jinnaaɓe, e mahngo ngenndi e nder Misra teeminannde sappo e jeenay: nguurndam e golle ʻAʼisha Taymur, Binndi e pine aduna lislaam (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), p. 2; Joseph T. Zeidan, Winndooɓe rewɓe aarabeeɓe: duuɓi gonɗi e ƴellitaare e ko fayi arde (Albany: Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde New York, 1995), p. 66. Golle ɗee ko tiitoonde wiɗto monogaraaf : Marilyn Booth, Kalaasuuji rewɓe nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo: Binndol daartol rewɓe e nder nguurndam mum en e nder Ejipt (Edinburgh: Jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh, 2015).

"كتـاب «دليل جنوب لبنان كتاباً»".

"ciimtol". Moƴƴinaama gila e asli mum ñalnde 11-02-2018.

Jump to: a b c d "Taariindi aduna e deftere aarabeeɓe adannde". Moƴƴinaama gila e asli mum ñalnde 16-09-2019.

Juppude haa: a b c d Iskandar, Faaruuk Yuusuf. "Pioneer rewɓe e binndol defte".