Asmaʾu bint Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo

Nana Asmaʾu (inndeⓘⓘ; innde mum timmunde: Asmaʾu bint Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo inndeⓘⓘ, Arab: نانا أسماء بنت عثمان فودي; 1793–1864) ko laamɗo Fula, yimoowo, jannginoowo, kadi ko ɓiɗɗo debbo sosɗo Caphali, Usmaan e Foodiyo.[1] O woni ko e wonde neɗɗo tedduɗo e nder worgo leydi Najeriya. Won heen ina njogii mo yeru jaŋde e jeytaare rewɓe ina waawi wonde e les Lislaam, won heen kadi ko o ardiiɗo feminism hannde e nder Afrik.

 Nguurndam 
Nana Asmaʾu jibinaa ko hitaande 1793, o inniri ɗum Asmā bint Abi Bakr, sahaba Muhammadu.[2] E nder cukaagu makko o wuuri ko e wolde Fulɓe (1804–08), kampaañ jihaadi mo sosi Kalifa Sokoto doole, laamu Lislaam.[3] Ɓiɗɗo debbo sosɗo kalifaandi biyeteeɗo Usmaan dan Fodio (1754-1817) e miñiiko debbo Sultan mum ɗiɗaɓo, Muhammed Bello (maayɗo 1837), o wuuri ko ɓuri heewde e yontaaji sosɗi Kalifaandi ndii, kadi ko kanko woni ƴoogirde teeŋtunde e ardaade caggal mum laamɓe. Tuggude e hitaande 1805, terɗe galle Kaliifa ngari e darnde mawnde, haa arti noon e banndiraaɓe Kaliifa rewɓe. Nde Nana Asmaʾu wonti ɓurɗo maantinde, miñiraaɓe makko rewɓe Maryam e Fatima, e rewɓe Kaliifa Aisha e Hawwaʾu, mbaɗii geɗe mawɗe e nder binndol e politik e nder dowla keso oo.[4]

Hono baaba mum, Nana Asmaʾu janngi ko tafsir (jannde Qur’aana), o waɗti nafoore mawnde e jaŋde winndereere. Ko ɓe yeruuji suufiyaŋkooɓe Qadiriyya, dan Fodio e almuɓɓe mum teeŋtinii renndinde gannde, haa teeŋti e gannde sunna, yeru Muhammadu.[5] Janngude tawa jannginaani, ɓe cikkatnoo ko steril, ko meere. Nii woni Nana Asmaʾu ina tiiɗnoo, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde rewɓe.[1] Hono no ko ɓuri heewde e galle makko, o wonti binndoowo keewɗo.

 Winndiyanke e wasiya 
Binndi golle Nana Asmaʾu.[6]

Jannguɗo no feewi e ɗemɗe aarabeeɓe e aduna ɓooyɗo, kadi omo anndi ɗemɗe nay, aarabeere, fula, hausa e tamacheq tuareg.[7] Nana Asmaʾu ina joginoo innde e nder renndo, ko kanko woni ganndo mawɗo e nder leydi juulɓe ɓurndi heewde doole e nder Afrik hirnaange, ɗum addani mo fartaŋŋe winnditaade no feewi.[8] O seediima hareeji keewɗi e wolde Fulɓe, o winndi ko fayti e ko o dañi e nder deftere wiyeteende Wakar Gewaye, "Jimol njillu".[9]

No kalifaandi Sokoto fuɗɗorii wonde dillere pinal e diine nii, binndanɗe ardiiɓe mum ina njogii nokku keeriiɗo mo yontaaji garooji ɗii, laamɓe e laamɓe fof mbaawi fooɗtude renndo mum en. O wonti wasiyaajo miñiiko nde o ƴetti kalifaandi, o winndi kadi jamirooje binndol e guwerneeruuji, omo yeewtida e annduɓe laamɓe jananɓe.[10]

 Yimoowo 
E nder defte makko ko ɓuri 60 ɗe o winndi e nder duuɓi 40, Nana Asmaʾu acci ko jimɗi keewɗi e ɗemngal Arab, ɗemngal Fula, e ɗemngal Hausa, kam en fof mbinndaa ko e binndol Arab.[4] Ko heewi e ɗeen ko daartol, kono ina waɗi kadi elegiiji, woyde, e wasiyaaji. Yimre makko ardorde ndee wonti kuutorɗe jannginde doosɗe sosɗe Kalifaandi.[9] Asmaʾu kadi ina gollondira e Muhammed Bello, Kaliifa ɗiɗaɓo.[citation needed] Golle makko ina njeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e dan Fodio teeŋtinoowo ardiiɓe rewɓe e hakkeeji rewɓe e nder miijooji renndo sunna e sariya lislaam.[11]

 Jaŋde rewɓe 
Binndanɗe Asmaʾu keddiiɗe ɗee ina njokkondiri e jaŋde Lislaam. Ko ɓuri heewde e nguurndam makko mawɗo, ko kanko woni kalfinaaɗo jaŋde diine rewɓe. Puɗɗagol hedde hitaande 1830, o sosi fedde jannginooɓe rewɓe wiyeteende jajiss, yahooɓe e nder Kalifaandi ndii fof ina njanngina rewɓe e nder galleeji almudɓe.[12] E nder ɗuum, kala e ɓeeɗoo jajiiji ina kuutoroo binndi Nana Asmaʾu e annduɓe suufiyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko rewrude e mnemonics e jimɗi, ngam jannginde gese rewɓe jannguɓe ɓe mbiyata ƴan-taru, walla "ɓe kawrata, banndiraaɓe."[13]. ] Kala jaji o rokki malfa, hattan e maande kewu aadaaji golle almudɓe rewɓe animist en Hausa to Gobir, haɓɓaande e wuttulo boɗeejo. Jajis en ngonti noon maandeeji dowla keso, njuɓɓudi kesiri, e jaŋde lislaam hay so tawii ko e nder renndooji rewɓe.[14]

E nder heen, ndee eɓɓoore jaŋde fuɗɗorii ko no feere ngam naatde e juulɓe nanngaaɓe hesɗinaaɓe heɓtinaaɓe. Nde yaaji, kono, nde artiri miskineeɓe e laddeeji, jannginooɓe jannginooɓe yahooɓe e nder Kalifaandi ɓuuɓndi ndii.[15]

 Lefol jamaanu 
Jokkugol Nana Asmaʾu ngol, wonaa tan e golle makko binndol, kono kadi e darnde makko e siftinde nafooje dowla Sokoto. Hannde to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, pelle rewɓe lislaam, duɗe, e cuuɗi batuuji ina keewi innireede mo. O naati kadi e jeewte dow darnde rewɓe nder lislaam nder teeminannde 20ɓiire, nde tawnoo ko annduɓe lislaam e eggooɓe haa Orop e jeewte janngirɗe mum.[16]

Muulngo e firo golle makko ɓeydii hakkillaaji e nafoore binndol laaɓtunde e nder binndanɗe makko e jimɗi makko. Ko kanko woni toɓɓere jaŋdeeji keewɗi, inc

Janngugol jokkungol Chukwuma Azuonye, ​​"Rewɓe walla rewɓe tan? Miijooji e golle Nana Asmā'u, debbo Afrik hirnaange jimoowo, hakkille, e golloowo renndo", Meridians, Vol. 6, Nokku 2, Rewɓe, Tagngo, e luural (2006), pp. 54–77. Jean Boyd, Debbo Kaliifa: Nana Asma’u 1793-1865: Jannginoowo, yimoowo, e Ardiiɗo Lislaam. London: Frank Kaas & Co, 1989, ISBN 0-7146-4067-0. Jean Boyd. "Jaŋde to woɗɗi e Purdah e nder teeminannde sappo e jeenay to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya: Golle Asma'u Fodiyo". Jaaynde ganndal pinal Afrik, Vol. 14, No. 1, Yimre diine lislaam e nder Afrik (Juin 2001), pp. 7–22. Jean Boyd, «Afrik hirnaange», e nder Suad Yuusuf, Afsaneh Najmabadi (eds), Ansiklopedi rewɓe e pine lislaam, New York: Brill Publishers, 2003, pp. ISBN 90-04-12818-2. Jean Boyd e Beverly B. Mack (winnduɓe), Kuuɗe mooftaaɗe ɗe Nana Asma’u, ɓiɗɗo debbo Usman dan Fodiyo 1793-1864, Fuɗnaange Lansing, Michigan: Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Michigan, 1997. Jean Boyd e Beverly B. Mack, Jannginde rewɓe juulɓe: ndonu Afrik hirnaange Nana Asma’u, 1793-1864, bayyinaango Kube, bayyinaango hakkunde, 2013. ISBN 978-1847740441. Jean Boyd e Murray Cakkitiiɗo. "Darnde rewɓe e nder 'Agents Religieux' e nder Sokoto", Jaaynde Kanadaa ngam wiɗtooji Afrik/Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines, Vol. 19, limngal 2 (1985), hello 283-300. Beverly B. Mack e Jean Boyd, Jihaadi debbo gooto: Nana Asma’u, ganndo e binndoowo, Bloomington, Indiana: Jaaynde jaaɓi haaɗtirde Indiana, hitaande 2000. ISBN 978-0253213983. Margaret Hauwa Kassam. "Yoga e fannuuji daande rewɓe ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya", Ɗemɗe e Pinal Afrik, Vol. 9, No. 2, Jinnaaɗo e pinal yimɓe (1996), pp. 111-25. Aisha R. Masterton, Jihaadi debbo gooto: Nana Asma’u, ganndo e binndoowo – ƴeewndo deftere. Naalankaagal Afrik, ndunngu 2001. Katja Werthmann, "Yeru Nana Asma'u", D+C: Ƴellitaare e gollondiral, InWEnt gGmbH, No.03, 2005. Muhammadu Jameel Yusha'u, "Aada Nana Asma'u: Dillere hakkilantaagal e maande hakkeeji rewɓe e nder Lislaam e nder teeminannde 19ɓiire DanFodio ngam waylude lislaam". Departemaa jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero, to Kano. Ɗerewol ngol hollitaama e batu Jihaad Sokoto yuɓɓinaaɗo e nokku janngugol pinal Hausa, Kano, to defterdu Murtala Muhammad, ñalnde 7–8 lewru juko hitaande 2004. Tuugnorgal
 "Nana Asma'u". rlp.hds.jaŋde.harvard. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 26 lewru Mbooy 2020.
 "Nana Asma'u". Taariindi Naked. 28 mars 2017. Ƴeewtaa ko 26 mee 2020.
 Maak, B (2023). Nana Asma'u mo Naajeeriya 1793-1864. Rewɓe e nder daartol filosofi e gannde. Vol. 19. Ɓoornuɗo. 419 haa 432. Doi:10.1007/978-3-031-28563-9_19. ISBN 978-3-031-28563-9.
 "Nana Asma'u e mouvement 'yan taru'". Hoolaare ñalnde kala. 3 lewru Juko 2017. Ƴeewtaa ko 23 lewru Mbooy 2022.
 "Lislaam | Ansiklopediya.com". www.ansiklopeediya.com. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 26 lewru Mbooy 2020.
 Asmaawu, Naana (1997). "Ittaango: Golle mooftaaɗe Nana Asma'u, ɓiy Usmaan dan Fodiyo (1793-1864)" (e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe). : Cite jaaynde ina ɗaɓɓi |jaaynde= (ballal)
 "Ode to Nana Asma'u: Daande e Ruuhu". Ndonu juulɓe. 16 lewru bowte 2016. Ƴeewtaa ko 26 mee 2020.
 David Westerlund winndi: "O jokki e wonde ƴoƴre haa hannde." Mary Wren Bivins, Haala, Waɗde Taariindi: Rewɓe, Konnguɗi, e Lislaam e nder leydi Hausaland e teeminannde sappo e jeenay e kalifaandi Sokoto. London: Heinemann, hitaande 2007.
 Tambuwal, Aminu (23 ut 2016). "Moderaasiyoŋ diine Sokoto ko jannde mawnde wonande aduna mettuɗo". Kaɓirgal ngal. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 23 lewru Mbooy 2022.
 Tambuwal, aminu waziri (23 août 2016). "No John Kerry yillirta Sokoto nii". Hoolaare ñalnde kala. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 26 lewru Mbooy 2020.
 Boyd, Jean (1989). Debbo Kaliifa: Nana Asma’u 1793–1865: Jannginoowo, yimoowo e Ardiiɗo Lislaam. Londres: Frank Kaas e Ko. Ltd. ISBN 0-7146-4067-0.
 "Nana Asma'u: Debbo ganndo e Afrik". Jaaynde Sawudit. 15 suwee 2017. Ƴeewtaa ko 26 mee 2020.
 "Rewɓe juulɓe 12 ɓe ngonaa ƴoƴɓe jamaanu ɓe kaawniiɗe e ɓe cemmbina on". Catal miijo. 9 suwee 2016. Ƴeewtaa ko 26 mee 2020.
 Ittaango e Mack, Beverly B., e Jean Boyd, Jihaadi debbo gooto: Nana Asma’u, ganndo e binndoowo. Ina heen jimɗi ɗiɗi firooji Nana Asmaʾu.
 Waziri Tambuwal, Aminu (23 Août 2016). "Moderaasiyoŋ diine Sokoto ko jannde alɗunde e aduna mo caɗeele". Waktuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude | Nummol. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 23 lewru Mbooy 2022.
 Jean Boyd e Murray Last ina ciftora ganndo Alserinaajo biyeteeɗo Ismaël Hamet binndol ngam heɗtaade Farayse e hitaande 1898, ina woya wonde « Ligues Feministes d'Europe » nganndaa ko Nana Asmaʾu rokki. Ƴeew Boyd e Last, "Darnde rewɓe e nder 'Agents Religieux' e nder Sokoto", p. 283.
 Mack, Beverly B. (Lewru Suwee 1990). "Ƴeewte defte". Ƴeewndo jaŋde Afrik. 33 (2): 219-220. waɗde:10.2307/524481. JSTOR 524481. S2CID 210369401.
 Mack, Beverly B. "Nana Asma'u, debbo juulɗo ganndo". Rewɓe e nder daartol winndere. Jannginde Case.
 Busbi, Margaret, binndol. (2019). "Ɓiɓɓe rewɓe Afrik kesi | Naatgol e loowdi" (PDF). Editions keewɗe.
 Maruf, Olakunle (15 octobre 2019). "Tambuwal hokki leydi ngam jangirde mawnde Nana Asma'u haa Sokoto". Jaaynde Naajeeriya.