Adam Ephraim Adam I

Adam I (Edem I (Edem Efiom Ededem Edak Edem Etim Efiom Okoho Efiom Ekpo Ekpo Ekpo Ekpo; ca. 1849 – 1 Juillet 1906) ko Obong Calabar, Naajeeriya gila 1901 haa o maayi 1 Juillet 1906.[5][3][b]

Adam jibinaa ko to Calabar, won ɗo hedde laamu ɓiɗɗo mawniiko 2ɓo laabi tati itti Archibong I no Obong Calabar e fawaade e mum.[6] Ko kanko woni ɓiy mawɗo Efrayim Aadama mo Etim Efiom galle laamɗo Kalabar ɓooyɗo.[7] Yumma makko Akwa Edem Itu jeyaa ko e wuro wiyeteengo Big Qua to Calabar hannde.

 Nguurndam adanɗam 
Obong Aadama Efrayim Aadama jibinaa ko "Edem Efiom Ededem".[5] Hay so tawii ko heewi anndaaka e nguurndam makko gadano, O mawni ko e les njiimaandi Baaba makko Efrayim Aadama (Alias ​​Tete), e yumma makko Akwa Edem Itu. Binndanɗe keewɗe ina kollita wonde o janngii no feewi jogaade ganndal Efik e ɗemngal Engele. Nde baaba makko sankii e hitaande 1874, neene makko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Duke (Afiong Umo Edem) ƴetti galle Efrayim Aadama.[8] Adam mawni ko e les njiimaandi makko, o woni hooreejo galle baaba makko caggal maayde laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Duke e hitaande 1888.[9] Ko o tergal e renndo Ekpe, o joginoo tolno Ekpe Murua Nkanda.[10]

 Laamu 
Ko adii ƴeeŋtugol Aadama I e jooɗorde Obong Kalabar ɓooyɗo, wonno ko interregnum e nder ardorde Kalabar ɓooyɗo.[11] Hakkunde laamu nguu fuɗɗii ko caggal maayde Obong Orok Edem Odo.[11] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sabaabu interregnum oo ko nafooje laamɗo Asibong Edem e nder njuɓɓudi Obong mo Calabar ɓooyɗo. Sabu luural hakkunde Calabar, laamɗo Asibong Edem ummii Calabar e nder Annoyance, o yahi to wuro Asibong hannde ngoo. E lewru suwee 1900, laamɗo Asibong arti Calabar, caggal nde o ƴaañii no feewi, o suɓaama ngam wonde Obong Calabar ɓooyɗo. Kono laamɗo Asibong maayi ko ñalnde 21 suwee 1900, ɗum addani Aadama suɓaade ko adii fof ngam wonde kanndidaa ɓurɗo waawde.[12]

 Laamu 
Ko adii ƴeeŋtugol Aadama I e jooɗorde Obong Kalabar ɓooyɗo, wonno ko interregnum e nder ardorde Kalabar ɓooyɗo.[11] Hakkunde laamu nguu fuɗɗii ko caggal maayde Obong Orok Edem Odo.[11] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sabaabu interregnum oo ko nafooje laamɗo Asibong Edem e nder njuɓɓudi Obong mo Calabar ɓooyɗo. Sabu luural hakkunde Calabar, laamɗo Asibong Edem ummii Calabar e nder Annoyance, o yahi to wuro Asibong hannde ngoo. E lewru suwee 1900, laamɗo Asibong arti Calabar, caggal nde o ƴaañii no feewi, o suɓaama ngam wonde Obong Calabar ɓooyɗo. Kono laamɗo Asibong maayi ko ñalnde 21 suwee 1900, ɗum addani Aadama suɓaade ko adii fof ngam wonde kanndidaa ɓurɗo waawde.[12]

 Njuɓɓudi 
Laamɓe Calabar ɓooyɓe/Mawɓe e ardiiɓe Angalteer e udditgol laawɗungol luumo Calabar Watt, 1901.

Joɗnde L-R: Ewa Henshaw; Ani Eniang Offiong; Ekpo eyo arkibong; Obong Aadama Efrayim Aadama I; Obong mo Kalabar; T. D. Mak (A.D.); James Watt (Kom. diiwaan); -1918); Daniyel Henshaw; Harold Duke Henshaw; Richard Henshaw. Darnde Nano haa Ñaamo: Okon Efiom Nsa; Laamɗo Bassey Duke Efrayim; Asuquo Ofiyoŋ Efiom; Base Ukorebi; Laamɗo Aadama Duke Efrayim; Efiong Ekpenyong Oku; Asuquo Ekpenyong Nsa.

Laamu Aadama I weeɓaani sabu e ɓeydagol naatgol ofiseeji koloñaal, doole Obong ina pamɗi no feewi. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, Laamɓe Kalabar ɓooyɗo ina mballondira e ofiseeji koloñaal ngam reende nafooje leñol Efik. Adam I wonnoo ko tergal e Diiso Native Calabar ɓooyɗo.[13] Ɗee ɗoo diisnondiral jibinanndeeji ɗi Komiseer mawɗo Sir C. M. Macdonald sosi e hitaande 1895, ngoni ko e golloraade no njuɓɓudi laamu e ñaawoore Calabar nii.[14] Obong Adam I tawtoraama kadi e udditgol luumo Watt e hitaande 1901.[15]

Iwdi

Maamiraaɓe Aadama Efrayim Aadama I[7]

Teskorɗe 

 Tuugnorgal 
Duke, Laamɓe tato mawɓe Calabar, p.187

Duke, Taariindi Kalabar mawndi, p.22

Duke, Taariindi Kalabar mawndi, p.25

Safaara, p.86

Nair, Appendix A, Taariindi gonndi e fedde Efik (ii) Efrayim

Duke, Taariindi Kalabar mawndi, p.11
Porogaraam siftorde golle laamɗo mawɗo Edidem Bassey Eyo Efrayim Aadama III, Obong mo Calabar e laamɗo mawɗo Efik en, p.28
Duke House. .

Duke House v. Eyo Ephraim Adam & woɗɓe (Suudu Toowndu Koloniiji Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, Fuɗnaange-rewo, Calabar 1909) ("no ɓiɓɓe Ephraim Adam fof ngoniri sukaaɓe e wonde o woniri noon haa o maayi e hitaande 1888 e ɗuum e goonga e... fawaade e sariya e aadaaji leydi Adam Ephraim Adam e maayde mum, ko ɗuum waɗi, wonti hooreejo galle laamɗo Duke, o lomtii jawdi makko").
Oku, hello 222

"A jaaraama Efik Eburutu lesdi Naajeeriya". efikeburutu.org. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 20 noowammbar 2020.

Duke,Laamɓe tato mawɓe Calabar, p.23
Nair, hello 294
Nair, hello 211

Duke,Laamɓe tato mawɓe Calabar, p.3