Marion Talbot

Marion Talbot (31 sulyee 1858 – 20 oktoobar 1948)[1] ko jannginoowo Ameriknaajo, gardinooɗo jaŋde toownde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Chicago tuggi 1895 haa 1925, kadi ko gardiiɗo jaŋde toownde rewɓe e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik e nder fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire. E hitaande 1882, nde o woni almuudo, o sosi fedde Ameriknaare rewɓe duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde, kanko e jannginoowo makko biyeteeɗo Ellen Swallow Richards. E nder golle makko juutɗe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Chicago, Talbot haɓaama e tiiɗnaare, ina heewi nafoore ngam ɓeydude ballal rewɓe janngooɓe e jannginooɓe,[2] e haɓaade darnde ngam haɗde potal jaŋde.

Nguurndam adanɗam

Talbot jibinaa ko to Thun, to leydi Siwis, tawi jibnaaɓe mum ina ngondi e yah-ngartaa juutɗo to Orop, kono o mawni ko to Boston. Ko kanko woni mawɗo e sukaaɓe njeegomo jibinaaɓe e Emily Fairbanks Talbot e Israel Talbot, gardinooɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Boston to bannge safaara.[3] Yumma makko ko daraniiɗo hakkillaaji, wonnoo ko jannginoowo ; ŋakkeende fartaŋŋeeji jaŋde toownde wonande ɓiɓɓe makko rewɓe addani mo golloraade ngam sosde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Boston Latin Academy, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde sukaaɓe rewɓe fof e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik.[1]

Kono Talbot e hoore mum ko mawɗo, o naftoraaki ndeen darnde no feewi;[4] o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Chapel Hill – Chauncy Hall sara Boston, caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Boston, ɗo yumma makko foti golloraade no feewi ngam heɓde naatgol makko. [1] Talbot heɓi toon AB e hitaande 1880 e AM e hitaande 1882.[1] O ɓeydi heen heɓde BS to MIT, ɗo o janngi e les njiimaandi ganndal nder leydi biyeteeɗo Ellen Swallow Richards, mo sosi toon laboratuwaar mum.[1] Talbot fuɗɗii woppude jaŋde sabu ŋakkeende ngonka rewɓe to MIT, kono o timmini dipolom makko ko e hitaande 1888.[3]

E hitaande 1882, kanko e Richards ɓe cosi fedde janngooɓe duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde, nde e hitaande 1921 wonti fedde rewɓe duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Amerik.[5] Ko kanko woni binndoowo fedde nde gila nde sosaa haa e hitaande 1895, kadi ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde nde gila e hitaande 1895 haa e hitaande 1897.[1] Wondude e Doktoor Lois Kimball Mathews Rosenberry, o winndiino daartol fedde nde, "Taariindi fedde rewɓe duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Amerik, 1881-1931".

Tuggi 1890 haa 1892, Talbot janngini ganndal nder leydi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wellesley.[6] E hitaande 1892, o woni balloowo porfeseer to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Chicago keso sosaangal.[3] O ƴetti kadi golle jaŋde rewɓe janngooɓe leslese, o woni balloowo Alice Freeman Palmer, gardiiɗo rewɓe janngooɓe leslese.[1] Palmer rokki Talbot deenoowo oo e hitaande 1895;[3] nde tawnoo darnde Palmer ndee ɓuri heewde ko e kewu, Talbot ina heewi limteede ko deenoowo gadano rewɓe.[7]

 Deenoowo 
Talbot toɗɗaama Dean of Women to U of C e hitaande 1899, o rokki ɗum golle ngam denndaangal rewɓe janngooɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal.[8] O golliima ngam ɓamtude deanship e nder golle, o sosi batuuji deanuuji diiwaan Midwestern gadani e hitaande 1902.[9] Fedde janngooɓe duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde, nde o sosi, fuɗɗii kadi yuɓɓinde batuuji Deanuuji rewɓe e hitaande 1911.

Sosnooɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Chicago, William Rainey Harper, ko sikki-sakka e jaŋde coftal ɓalli, hay so tawii noon o jaɓaama jaɓde ɗum e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal gila e fuɗɗoode.[9] Hedde fuɗɗoode teeminannde ndee, njuɓɓudi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal wonti ko e sunaare wonde ko ɓuri heewde e almudɓe ɓee ko rewɓe hannde.[10] Ɓe ndarni jaŋde seerndi jinnaaɓe e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, Talbot ardii haɓaade ɗum.[11]

Sabu darnde makko e jogaade potal e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal wonande rewɓe, Talbot ina wondi e sunaare e ko waawi wonde fof, so tawii ko ŋakkeende decorum to bannge sukaaɓe rewɓe ina waawi rokkude njuɓɓudi ndii daliilu ngam haɗde rewɓe heɓde.[12] O jokki e sarɗiiji tiiɗɗi ngam jikkuuji, o ƴetti "system galle" demokaraasi ɗo rewɓe ɓee nguurdi e nder cuuɗi hoɗorde keertiiɗi e les njiimaandi jannginooɓe ; o wonii hooreejo hoɗɓe e Green Hall haa o woppi golle.[12] Siistem galle oo, mo sororiteeji e sosiyateeji sirlu, haa jooni, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal ƴettii ɗum ngam janngooɓe worɓe kadi.[12] Ardorde Talbot ina yiɗaa e almuɓɓe rewɓe; e hitaande 1902, bayyinaango duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde nanndini darnde makko e nder rewɓe e darnde coftuɗo lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Alonzo Stagg e nder worɓe.[13]

Darnde Talbot teeŋtunde ina addana mo sahaa e sahaa fof e nder caɗeele renndo. Ñaawoore fenaande mawnde e dow albot, waɗii hakkillaaji jaayɗe leydi ndii kala e hitaande 1912.[14] O riiwiino Esther Mercy, janngoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, sabu mum wonde jikku bonɗo, Mercy ñaawi ɗum 100 000 dolaar ngam yoɓde ; ñaawirdu diiwaan oo tawi ko Mercy weltiniri ɗum, rokki ɗum 2 500 dolaar, kono kuulal ngal waylaama e wullitaango.[12]

E hitaande 1915, Talbot fawi e yeeso yimɓe fof golle gardiiɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wendell Phillips ngam newnude golle renndo ɗe njiidaa e njiyaagu, o heɓi kadi ɓataakeeji mbonɗi ngam jaabaade.[15]

 Golle jaŋde 
Talbot ko karallo ko faati e ganndal nder leydi, o wonti hooreejo Departemaa keso of Njuɓɓudi galleeji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Chicago e hitaande 1904. Balloowo makko e nder departemaa oo ko Sophonisba Breckinridge.[12] Talbot kadi wonnoo ko gooto e sosɓe Fedde Faggudu nder leydi Amerik e hitaande 1908.[3]

Talbot ina ɗaɓɓi feere ɓurnde tiiɗde e ganndal to bannge faggudu nder leydi, ko ɓuri ko ɓuri heewde e duuɓi capanɗe garooji ɗii. Ɗuum addani mo waɗde heen geɗel gootel e kulhuli makko wonde fannu oo maa won getto rewɓe so tawii tolnooji rigor ɗii ndartinaaka.[12] Kono, ngool laawol ɓuraani mo juutde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Chicago ; caggal nde o woppi golle, Departemaa njuɓɓudi galleeji hawraama e departemaa faggudu galleeji to Duɗal Jaŋde.

Talbot naati e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e sosiyoloji Amerik e hitaande 1895.[16]

 Nguurndam caggal mum e ndonu 
Yaakaare am ko yoo mi wuurdu e doole am. Mi alaa yiɗde hay sifaa maayde goɗɗo.

—Mariyon Talbot, winndannde to Sofonisba Brekinridge, n.d.

Talbot hollitii wonde o woppii golle makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Chicago e hitaande 1925.[18]

Caggal nde o woppi golle, Talbot yahi leydi Turki e hitaande 1927-28 ngam wonde hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Konstantinopol ngam rewɓe, o arti ngam wonde hooreejo leydi timmuɗo gila 1931 haa 1932.[15]

E nder retireede, Talbot ina heddii e golle duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal ; e hitaande 1944, o ñaawi hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Robert Maynard Hutchins ngam tiiɗnaade e faandaare kaalis tan, o wiyi "miɗo siftora kadi miɗo teskii eɓɓoore maa wonde jaŋde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ina jogii doole e golle ngam huutoraade hakkille ngam faandaare mum ɓurnde toowde."[17]

Talbot maayi ko to Chicago e hitaande 1948 e ñawu nguu.[3] O wirnaa ko to yanaande Oak Woods to Chicago.[15]

 Binndi 
Laɓɓingol galleeji: Deftere ngam gollotooɓe e galleeji (eɓɓoore adannde nde Ellen Richards winndi, 1887; eɓɓooje keewɗe caggal ɗuum)[1]

Nguura ko huunde e nguurndam almudɓe (1894, winndi e Ellen Richards)

Jaŋde rewɓe (1910)

Galle jamaanu (1912, winnduɗo e Sofonisba Breckinridge)

Ko ɓuri Lore (1925)

Daartol Fedde Ameriknaare Rewɓe Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde 1881-1931 (1931, winnduɗo e Lois Rosenberry)

 Golle cifaaɗe 
Fitzpatrik, Ellen (1993). "Marion Talbot 1858-1948: Ngam "Rewɓe Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde"". E nder Geraldin Kilifoor (ed.). Yahooɓe gooto: Rewɓe janngooɓe e nder duɗe janngirɗe, 1870–1937. Jaaynde rewɓe. 87-124. ISBN 0935312854.

Gilen, Aleksandra (1990). "Talbot, Mariyon". To Rima Lunin Sulz; Adele Hast (moƴƴinoowo). Rewɓe ina mahi Chicago, hitaande 1790-1990. Jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Indiana. 865 haa 868. ISBN 0253338522.

Harvey, weltaare; Ogilvie, Mariyam H. (2000). "Talbot, Mariyon". Saggitorde nguurndam rewɓe e nder ganndal. Vol. 2. Taylor e Farayse. 1262 haa 1263.

Judit Lewitt, binndol. (1985). "Talbot, Mariyon". Rewɓe Ameriknaaɓe ardiiɓe e njuɓɓudi: Dictionnaire cuɓaaɗo e nguurndam ardiiɓe teeminannde noogas e nder njulaagu, jaŋde, e laamu. Fedde muulngo Greenwood. 265 haa 266. ISBN 0313237484.

Nidifer, Jana (1998). "Talbot, Mariyon". E nder Linda Eisenman (moƴƴinoowo). Saggitorde daartol jaŋde rewɓe e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Fedde muulngo Greenwood. 410-413. ISBN 0313293236.

Storr, Richard J. (1971). "Talbot, Mariyon". E nder Eduard T. Jaak; e woɗɓe. (Ed.). Rewɓe Ameriknaaɓe anndaaɓe, 1607-1950: Saggitorde nguurndam, deftere 2. Jaaynde jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harvard. 423-424. ISBN 0674627342.