Josephine Turpin Washington

Josephine Turpin Wasinton (31 sulyee 1861 – 17 mars 1949) ko binndoowo e jannginoowo Afriknaajo-Ameriknaajo. Jannginoowo ɓooyɗo, keewɗo wallitde, Washington ina sosa binndanɗe e nder jaayɗe e jaayɗe, ko ɓuri heewde ko jowitiiɗe e won e fannuuji njiyaagu e nder Amerik. Washington ko taaniiko debbo biyeteeɗo Mary Jefferson Turpin, neene baaba mum.

 Caalaje 
Josephine Turpin jibinaa ko to diiwaan Goochland, to Virginie ñalnde 31 sulyee 1861, ɓiy Augustus A. Turpin e Maria V. Crump. Baaba makko ko ɓiy gonnooɗo maccuɗo Afriknaajo biyeteeɗo Mary e gonnooɗo maccuɗo makko biyeteeɗo Edwin Durock Turpin (1783-1868). E nder deftere makko wiyeteende 1995, ko huunde nde meeɗaa haaleede : ko haala Odette Harper Hines (winndi ɗum e Judith Rollins), Hines hollitii wonde Turpin yiɗii Mary ko juuti caggal nde o ari Baton Rouge, Louisiana e nder laana jiyaaɓe, o wonti jeyi makko . Won ɗo o ƴetti feere nde meeɗaa yiyeede e ñalawma oo, o resi mo. E wiyde Hines, mawniiko gorko ina toppitii mbele sukaaɓe maɓɓe ina keɓa jaŋde, kadi ina woppi golle keewɗe ngam newnude jiyaaɓe mum janngude jaŋde, binndol e hiisa.[1][2]

 Nguurndam adanɗam 
Turpin adii janngude ko e galle, caggal ɗuum ko e duɗe laamu ina gasa tawa ko to Goochland, Virginia. Caggal nde ɓesngu makko ummii to Richmond, Virginia o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Richmond, caggal ɗuum anndiraa duɗal diine Richmond. O jeyaa ko e janngooɓe jaŋde toownde e hitaande 1886 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard ɗo e nder dumunna dabbunde o woniino binnditagol Frederick Douglass, e oon sahaa binndoowo golle to diiwaan Columbia. Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko o jannginii hiisa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard haa nde o resi e hitaande 1888 e Doktoor Samuel Somerville Hawkins Washington addi mo Birmingham, Alabama.[3]

 Jannginoowo 
E nder golle makko Washington maa gollo e facultés duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Selma, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Tuskegee, ɗo gorko makko joginoo golle cafroowo duɗal, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Alabama State e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wilberforce. O woppi golle e hitaande 1934 caggal duuɓi capanɗe ɗiɗi ko o deenoowo rewɓe to Wilberforce.[4]

 Winndiyanke 
Yusefiin Turpiin Wasinton

Defterdu jamaa New York

Winndannde Washington adannde jaɓaande ngam yaltineede, "Haala ko fayti e ñalɗi Eklesiya", yalti ko e jaaynde Virginia Star nde o woni e duuɓi makko 18. E nder pecce ɗe o naamndii yeeyde diine e nder kewuuji mooftugol kaalis eklesiya. Washington winndi binndanɗe ko wayi no "Jaŋde toownde wonande rewɓe", ɗe peeñi e nder deftere « Advocate » , e binndanɗe Rewɓe ceertuɓe (1893) ɗe Lawson A. Scruggs winndi e Jaambaarooji galleeji e rewɓe ceertuɓe woɗɓe (1926) ɗe Hallie Quinn Brown winndi. [5] O yeewtidi e geɗe jowitiiɗe e Afriknaaɓe-Ameriknaaɓe, ko wayi no golle e fartaŋŋeeji jaŋde, nehdi sukaaɓe, e caɗeele kulɓiniiɗe jokkondiral hakkunde rewɓe e worɓe. Washington ina daranii « debbo jahruɗo yeeso » jiɗɗo golle mum to bannge faggudu e nguurndam nder galle. Ko o hooreejo Yiilirde Ngenndiire Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe Alabama, Washington winndi jimɗi Fedde maɓɓe, Yumma Alabama. O neldi binndanɗe keewɗe dow nguurndam makko ngam winndude e nder defte bayɗe no Christian Recorder, New York Freeman, A. M. E. Review, Magazine American Colored, e New York Globe.

Binndol e hitaande 1904 ngam jaaynde Colored American Magazine e batu jeegom hitaande kala Fedde Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ngam Rewɓe Kolonel, yuɓɓinaangu to Mobile, Alabama, Washington, habriino tan ko fayti e delegaasiyoŋ oo, ko fayti e rewɓe ɓaleeɓe, e tolnooji nehdi, e sosde a youth reformatory kono kadi e batte jaajɗe ceertuɗe e njiyaagu e nder wuro ngoo e hoore mum. E nder yitere ngam ƴellitde diisnondiral e denndaangal tolnooji renndo, Washington teskiima, e yeru, nokkuuji pijirlooji baɗaaɗi ngam huutoraade sukaaɓe ɓaleeɓe tan, tawi sukaaɓe ɓaleeɓe « ina ƴeewa e yiɗde, kono cuusaani meemde mbaydi ceniindi ndii ».

— Goongaaji e nokku taariindi fiilde[7]

Ɗee binndanɗe e binndanɗe goɗɗe ina moofti e nder deftere Rita Dandridge wiyeteende « Binndanɗe mooftaaɗe e binndanɗe Josephine J. Turpin Washington: mbayliigu ɓaleejo e nder fuɗnaange caggal mahngo (Jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Virginia, 2019).

Wade

Washington maayi ko ina yahra e duuɓi 87 to galle ɓiyiiko debbo to Cleveland, Ohio.[4]

Ɗaaɗi

Pen. Jaayndeeji Afro-Amerik e winndooɓe mum, 1891, pp.393-396 Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 4 Duujal 2013

Hines e Rollins Ko ɗum fof meeɗaa haaleede: Haala Odette Harper Hines", 1995, pp. 20-21, xviii

Harlan e Smock. 1904-6, 1979, p. 251 Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 4 Duujal 2013

Ko debbo biyeteeɗo S. S. H. Wasinton. Jaaynde New York, ñalnde 19 marse 1949, p. 15

Skruggs, Lawson Andere. Rewɓe Ceertuɓe : Teskiniiɗo e golle, ɓe foolaaka e jikkuuji. Dowlaaji Dentuɗi: L.A. Scruggs, hitaande 1893.

Defterdu Kongres Biro hakkeeji copyright. Catal naatgol hakkeeji. Sereeji kesi: 1926, feccere 1., 1927, p. 1194 Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 5 noowammbar 2013

Washington, Josephine - Goongaaji e dow taariindi fiilngo, keɓtinaama ñalnde 5 lewru Duujal hitaande 2013