Archibong I

Archibong I (Efio-Okoho Asibong Ekpo Efiom Okoho Efiom Ekpo Efiom Okoho Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo) anndiraaɗo kadi Archibong Duke ko Obong Calabar tuggi 28 mee 1849 haa 4 feebariyee 1852.[2][6] O jibinaa ko Efio-Okoho, o inniraa ko mawniiko mawɗo biyeteeɗo Efiom Okoho. Baaba makko wiyetee ko Asibong Ekpo, yumma makko wiyetee ko Obuma.[1][5] Archibong woni innde Asibong nde e ɗemngal Engele.[7]

 Suɓngo ngam Laamu 
Caggal maayde Eyamba V ñalnde 14 lewru nduu hitaande 1847, waɗii hakkunde laamu fotde duuɓi ɗiɗi.[8][9] Lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum, yimɓe heewɓe kollitii yiɗde mum en hebbinde jolngo Obong mo Calabar. Ina jeyaa e kanndidaaji ɗii, Ntiero Ekpenyong Ofiong Okoho (miñi mum laamɗo Eyamba V mo yimɓe fof nganndi Mr Young), Edem-Odo Edem Ekpo (Laamɗo Efrayim), e Efio-Okoho Asibong Ekpo (Laamɗo Archibong). 8] E wiyde Hope Waddell, ina ɗaminanoo wonde laamɗo Eyo Honesty II ina jaɓa wonde laamɗo Calabar fof, ɗum noon ina joofna luural hakkunde gure ceertuɗe ɗee.[11] Kono tan, njuɓɓudi ɓooyndi jogaade laamuuji ɗiɗi ceertuɗi ina jokki.[6] Latham seedtii wonde Lietnaa Komanda Selwyn wasiyiima yo suɓo laamɗo Eyo Honesty II ngam wonde Obong mo Calabar sabu jawdi ko nafoore makko tan.[12] Hay so tawii noon, Oku ina wiya wonde hay so tawii laamɗo Eyo Honesty II ko ɓiy mawɗo Eyo Nsa, o fotnoo ko ɓiy laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Inyang Esien Ekpe, kadi o fotnoo ko heɓde ɗum e leñol yumma makko.[1] Yiɗde jogaade darnde (status-quo) ina waawi wonde ɓural Angalteernaaɓe wonnooɓe no feewi e Politik Kalabar ɓooyɗo e oon sahaa. Ko heewi e naatgol Angalteer e suɓagol Obong ngol, haa nde ɓe mbiyata yo laamɗo Eyo Honesty II yeewtid e suɓngo ɓurngo moƴƴude ngam Obongship Calabar, miijo ngo Lietnaa Komanda Selwyn jaɓaani.[13] Reverend Anderson rokkii ndee ɗoo tinndinoore e Suɓagol Efio-Okoho ina hollita:

Caggal nde o waɗi miijo moƴƴo, o miijiima wonde ngam ngalu makko ɓurngu mawnude, njulaagu makko yaajngu e jokkondiral makko e galle makko asliijo (Liggey Duke Ephraim) Archibong Duke ko lomto Eyamba potɗo e laamɗo Duke Town[...]Denndaangal jom en laaɗe suɓiima Arkibong ngam wonde laamɗo; Min e Mr Edgerley, min ngoni misiyoŋaaji tan tawtoraaɗi, min cuɓaaki hay dara. Gila e duuɓi Mr Young, e mbaawka mum, e doole mum, nanondiraama yo o anndite gardiiɗo jaagorɗe. Batu nguu waɗi ko to suudu duɗal amen; e Lietnaa Selwyn nde heɓi denndaangal humpitooji ɗi o yiɗi, e dow ɗaɓɓaande makko mi neldi Archibong e Mr Young. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ngari ko retineeji mawɗi tawtoraama. Hay gooto jaɓaaka naatde e suudu janngirdu nduu kono mawɓe ɗiɗo ɓee[...] Caggal yeewtere seeɗa, Mr Young woppi kala ko o wiynoo e Laamu nguu, o jaɓi laamu nguu[...][2]

Ina haani teskeede wonde nde Efio-Okoho joginoo laamu Obong Kalabar, Ntiero Ekpenyong lomtii Eyamba V, woni Iyamba jeegoɓo e nder Ekpe Efik Iboku.[14] Yanti heen, Ntiero ina joginoo golle nannduɗe e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e laamu laamɗo Archibong.[15] Hay so tawii noon, worɓe ɗiɗo ɓee meeɗaa nanondirde e politik, ɓe njogii ko miijooji luurondirɗi e geɗe politik e renndo.[15] Caggal nde Archibong I suɓaa ngam wonde Obong Calabar, kanko (Archibong) o yilliima Teaser ɗo o jaɓɓaa e salminaango laamɗo, balɗe capanɗe jeegom e go’o.[13]

 Laamu 
E wiyde Aye, ina saɗi ƴeewtaade laamu Archibong I sabu juutgol laamu makko.[15] Ndeke, laamu laamɗo Archibong ko juutɗo, sibu o laamii tan ko duuɓi nay. Archibong I siforaama no "Sukaaɓe, ɓe ngalaa humpito, ɓe ngalaa humpito".[15] Archibong Mi wonaano karallo no feewi e ƴellitde luural. O heewi huutoraade ko sariya mosaic yitere e yitere walla dental e dental ngam waawde safrude luural e yaawre.[15]

Hope Waddell winnditii senaare sifotoonde no Archibong jogori ƴellitde luural,

Mr Anderson tawi worɓe ɗiɗo ina kaɓa e leɗɗe mawɗe e nder leydi mission, o addi ɗum en e makko. Gooto e maɓɓe, keɓɗo hoore ɓuuɓnde, ƴiiƴam ɓuuɓɗam, nani ina wullitoo; nde o waɗi ɗum, Archibong nanataa, kono ɗoon e ɗoon o joofni golle ɗee. "O 6uuccii hoore maa" o wi'i "e hol ko waɗi a 6uuccaani 6ernde makko ? Be off !" Ɓe njalti e nder dumunna gooto. O ruttitii e misioneer oo, o wi'i: "Ɗum wonata ko Calabar Fashion. So neɗɗo gooto mettinii tother, tother ina foti mettinde mo caggal; so neɗɗo tataɓo waɗii e hunuko makko, fiy mo."[11]

Sariya mosaic ina jeyaa e aadaaji keewɗi nannduɗi e Ibraniyankooɓe ɗi Rev. Hope Waddell teskii.[16]

Konsul Hutchinson ina siftina Archibong I ina hollita,

[...]laamɗo oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri haawnaade e neɗɗaagu sable mo meeɗ-mi yiyde. O waawaano janngude, o waawaano winndude ɗemngal Engele, kono omo haalda ngal e gabbal ngal timmaani no feewi; e, yah galle makko kala nde njiɗɗaa, omo fotnoo wonde e oon sifaa mo o waawi sikkude omo jaɓa e miijo Sancho Panza, “Barke e neɗɗo gadano sincude ɗanngal.”[17]

Hope Waddell ina wiyee winndi e makko ina wiya, "Laamɗo jooɗiima e makko no feewi".[18]

 Wade 
Laamiiɗo Archibong mi maayad ñalnde 4 feebariyee 1852.[19] E maayde laamɗo Archibong I, luural jowitiingal e lomto ummii, yimɓe heewɓe tuumaama ina njogii junngo e maayde makko. Yumma laamɗo Archibong anndiraaɗo Obuma tuumi yimɓe heewɓe wonde ina njogii junngo e maayde ɓiyiiko, o dogi ɓe ƴetta nut bean Esere kulɓiniiɗo.[6] Yimɓe heewɓe maayii e mboros o.[6] Obuma ɓeydi ɗaɓɓude nde kanndidaaji potɗi wonde e jappeere Obongship ɓee njaltata e jarribo ngoo.[20] Ñaawoore ndee fof dartinaama nde Mr Young wiyi wonde Obuma ina foti fotde ƴaañorgal ngal.[19] Obuma salii rewde e oon sahaa, o hunanii wonde maa o fiytu Duke town e keesuuji jeegom (6) so tawii won dogdu e makko o rewa e oon sahaa.[19]

Iwdi

Maamiraaɓe Arkibong I[21]

 Teskorɗe 
E oon sahaa, galle Asibong Ekpo ko galle lesleso galle mawɗo Duke. Caggal ɗuum galle oo heɓi ndimaagu mum ko e hitaande 1886

 Tuugnorgal 

 Oku, hello 55
 Marwick, h.215-216
 "A jaaraama Efik Eburutu lesdi Naajeeriya". Keɓtinaama ñalnde 20 noowammbar 2020.
 Oku, hello 9
 Nair, hello 54
 Marwiik, hello 259
 Jefri, hello 56
 Duke, p.10
 Hart, hello 71-72, tonngoode 192
 Marwiik, hello 214
 Waddel, hello 393
 Latam, hello 117
 Marwiik, hello 216
 Hart, hello 55
 Eey, p.56
 Waddell, hello 247, hello 291 e hello 631
 Hutinson, hello 120
 Oku, hello 58
 Oku, hello 62
 Latam, hello 94
 Nair, Appeere A

 Bibliografi 

 Oku, Ekei Essien (1989), Laamɓe e Mawɓe Kalabar ɓooyɗo (1785-1925), Kalabar: Jaayndeeji weltaare, ISBN 978-30541-0-4.
 Marwick, Wiliyam (1897), Wiliyam e Luwis Anderson: Winndannde nguurndam maɓɓe e golle maɓɓe to Jamayka e Kalabar ɓooyɗo, Edinburgh: Andrew Elliot, mbedda 17 Princes.
 Hart, A. Kalada (1964), Ciimtol wiɗto dow luural dow laamu Calabar, Enugu: Tappirde laamu OCLC 32857131.
 Duke, Orok Orok Effiom (2008), Taariindi Kalabar mawndi: Yimɓe, Kewuuji Aduna e ñalɗi, 1500-2007, Kalabar: Winndere Duundeere, ISBN 978-978-016-624-3.
 Waddell, Hope Masterton (1863), Duuɓi noogas e jeenay nder Indiya Hirnaange e Caka Afrik, London: Nelson & Sons OCLC 862147545.
 Nair, Kannan K. (1972), siyaasaaji e renndo nder fuɗnaange-rewo Naajeeriya, 1841-1906: Jannde laamu, dipolomasi e filu nder Calabar ɓooyma, London: Frank Cass, ISBN 0-7146-2296-6.
 Hutchinson, Thomas J. (1858), ko woni e Afrik hirnaange, London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans e Roberts OCLC 1046641528.
 Latam, A.J.H. (1973), Kalabar ɓooyɗo (1600-1891): Battane faggudu winndere e renndo aadaaji, Oxford: Jaaynde Clarendon.
 Aye, Efiong U. (1967), Kalabar ɓooyɗo e nder teeminanɗe, Kalabar: jaaynde Hope Waddell OCLC 476222042.
 Jefuri, hono M.D.W. (1935), Kalabar ɓooyɗo e binndanɗe e ɗemngal ibibiyo, Kalabar: H.W.T.I. iyugo