Nana Asmaʼu

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Nana Asmaʾu (inndeⓘ; innde mum timmunde: Asmaʾu bint Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo inndeⓘ, Arab: نانا أسماء بنت عثمان فودي; 1793–1864) ko laamɗo Fula, jimoowo, jannginoowo, kadi ko ɓiɗɗo debbo sosɗo Cato Sophako, Usmaan e Foodiyo.[1] O woni ko e wonde neɗɗo tedduɗo e nder worgo leydi Najeriya. Won heen ina njogii mo yeru jaŋde e jeytaare rewɓe ina waawi wonde e les Lislaam, woɗɓe ina njogii heen miijo wonde ko o ardiiɗo feminism jamaanu e nder Afrik.

 Nguurndam 
Nana Asmaʾu jibinaa ko hitaande 1793, o inniri ɗum Asmā bint Abi Bakr, sahaba Muhammadu.[2] E nder cukaagu makko o wuuri ko e wolde Fulɓe (1804–08), kampaañ jihaadi mo sosi Kalifa Sokoto doole, laamu Lislaam.[3] Ɓiɗɗo debbo sosɗo kalifaandi biyeteeɗo Usmaan dan Fodio (1754-1817) e miñiiko debbo Sultan mum ɗiɗaɓo, Muhammed Bello (maayɗo 1837), o wuuri ko ɓuri heewde e yontaaji sosɗi Kalifaandi ndii, kadi ko kanko woni ƴoogirde teeŋtunde e ardaade caggal mum laamɓe. Tuggude e hitaande 1805, terɗe galle Kaliifa ngari e darnde mawnde, haa arti noon e banndiraaɓe Kaliifa rewɓe. Nde Nana Asmaʾu wonti ɓurɗo maantinde, miñiraaɓe makko rewɓe Maryam e Fatima, e rewɓe Kaliifa Aisha e Hawwaʾu, mbaɗii geɗe mawɗe e nder binndol e politik e nder dowla keso oo.[4]

Hono baaba mum, Nana Asmaʾu janngi ko tafsir (jannde Qur’aana), o waɗti nafoore mawnde e jaŋde winndereere. Ko ɓe yeruuji suufiyaŋkooɓe Qadiriyya, dan Fodio e almuɓɓe mum teeŋtinii renndinde gannde, haa teeŋti e gannde sunna, yeru Muhammadu.[5] Janngude tawa jannginaani, ɓe cikkatnoo ko steril, ko meere. Nii woni Nana Asmaʾu ina tiiɗnoo, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde rewɓe.[1] Hono no ko ɓuri heewde e galle makko, o wonti binndoowo keewɗo. 

 Winndiyanke e wasiya 
Binndi golle Nana Asmaʾu.[6]

Jannguɗo no feewi e ɗemɗe aarabeeɓe e aduna ɓooyɗo, kadi omo anndi ɗemɗe nay, aarabeere, ful   Patricia Mons, Naana Asma'u un idéal feminin, Beyrouth, Albouraq, 202, ISBN 979-10-22-50-5000--EAN 9791022505000a, hausa e tamacheq tuareg.[7] Nana Asmaʾu ina joginoo innde e nder renndo, ko kanko woni ganndo mawɗo e nder leydi juulɓe ɓurndi heewde doole e nder Afrik hirnaange, ɗum addani mo fartaŋŋe winnditaade no feewi.[8] O seediima hareeji keewɗi e wolde Fulɓe, o winndi ko fayti e ko o dañi e nder deftere wiyeteende Wakar Gewaye, "Jimol njillu".[9]

No kalifaandi Sokoto fuɗɗorii wonde dillere pinal e diine nii, binndanɗe ardiiɓe mum ina njogii nokku keeriiɗo mo yontaaji garooji ɗii, laamɓe e laamɓe fof mbaawi fooɗtude renndo mum en. O wonti wasiyaajo miñiiko nde o ƴetti kalifaandi, o winndi ka

di jamirooje binndaaɗe e guwerneeruuji, omo yeewtida e annduɓe laamɓe jananɓe.[10]Hedde hitaande 1820 Sokoto ko saare ɓamtiinde wonno. Ɗanniyanke ekosnaajo biyetteɗo Hugh Clapperton wii ko Sokoto wonno e gure ɓurnooɗe hoɗee[1]de e nder Afirik e nder kitaale 1824. Ndema kaa no moƴƴuno no feewi. Njeeygu ina jaratno no feewi. Ko heewi e njeeygu ngu no immorii caggal leydi. Nde o fotti e laamɗo oo Usmaan Dan Foojo, o weeltiima no feewi e jaɓɓungal ngal kadi o tawii oon ko jom hakkille. O mo udditii e nder aduna oo.Nde ɓe njeewtidi nde, Mohammed Beelo holli yide makko e yeewtide e cafeoowo engle gooto mawdo ngam yeewtide e makko ko faati e safaaro. Ko faati e safaaro ene wadani mo faayda kanko e minyiiko Asma'u. Nde Clapperton hollitimo no aduna oo winndori, Bello wawi haalde e ndemngal Arab gede mawde e aduno fof ko faati e koode e nandi heen. Ko neɗɗo  piinooɗo. Omo yeewtotonoo ko faati e laamuuji caggal leydi e ko faati et Islam, kanko e Asma'u. Nde Clapperton arata Sokoto, Asma'u ko ceemeedo jooɗo jaaro e duubi capanɗe tati e go'o. On saha Asma'u danyi bibbe ɗiɗo. Wonde mo debbo desaaɗo kadi jom besngu ustaani bindi makko e darnde makko ngam jande rewbe sokotonaabe. Bello et Asma'u ndaraaniima jokkude golle baaba mabbe ko faati e watde Sokoto wuro pawiigo e laawol Lislam e janginde rewbe.Ko nde maywniiko oo Mohamed rutti to joommum nde golle Naana Asma'u njiyaa no feewi. Darnge makko e gannde rewbe benni keeri Sokoto, o jokki golle ɗe baaba maɓɓe Usmaan Dan Foojo fudinoo dee, ko deen o timmitini kadi yiyande e yidde mawniiko oo Mohamed Bello. O ndona guurka haa hannde. Gannde e jannginde rewbe ko huunde heblanoonde gila e laamu Usmaan Dan Foojo. Asma'u janngi ko e juude mawniraaɓe mum dido Kadija e Habsatu. Minyiiɓe mum rewɓe njoyo no makko ni janngi haa njoofni te dacci golle mawde. Nde Usmaan Dan Foojo rutti nde, rewɓe ɓee jokki yahde ko Sokoto ngam yeewde gandal, waaju e duwaaw e juude Asma'u. Hono Asma'u heeɓaani sibu o daccu goolle paayidinde e renndo ɓamtinoowo e jande rewbe ɓurɓe woddude e kala iwdi maɓɓe : fulɓe, hausankooɓe e leyyi goodi fof poti e makko. O janginii rewɓe ɓee  fotde maɓɓe e hakkeeji maɓɓe e laawol lislam, o andiniiɓe ko ɓe ndaaratnoo ko e dow bidaa, ina e nder Lislam. O fefji no o  rendinirta  ɓeen rewɓe fof e sera makko tawwo addantaaɓe cadeele. Sukaaɓe rewɓe yontuɓe reseede njeyaaka e rendo ngo. Kono sukaaɓe toskuɓe yaareteeɓe duuɓi jeetati haa sappo e didi kam e rewɓe seraaɓe e rewɓe joodiiɓe (muurniiɓe) ene mbaawi heen jeyeede. Ansma'u accani en golle juKo nde maywniiko oo Mohamed rutti to joommum nde golle Naana Asma'u njiyaa no feewi. Darnge makko e gannde rewbe benni keeri Sokoto, o jokki golle ɗe baaba maɓɓe Usmaan Dan Foojo fudinoo dee, ko deen o timmitini kadi yiyande e yidde mawniiko oo Mohamed Bello. O ndona guurka haa hannde. Gannde e jannginde rewbe ko huunde heblanoonde gila e laamu Usmaan Dan Foojo. Asma'u janngi ko e juude mawniraaɓe mum dido Kadija e Habsatu. Minyiiɓe mum rewɓe njoyo no makko ni janngi haa njoofni te dacci golle mawde. Nde Usmaan Dan Foojo rutti nde, rewɓe ɓee jokki yahde ko Sokoto ngam yeewde gandal, waaju e duwaaw e juude Asma'u. Hono Asma'u heeɓaani sibu o daccu goolle paayidinde e renndo ɓamtinoowo e jande rewbe ɓurɓe woddude e kala iwdi maɓɓe : fulɓe, hausankooɓe e leyyi goodi fof poti e makko. O janginii rewɓe ɓee  fotde maɓɓe e hakkeeji maɓɓe e laawol lislam, o andiniiɓe ko ɓe ndaaratnoo ko e dow bidaa, ina e nder Lislam. O fefji no o  rendinirta  ɓeen rewɓe fof e sera makko tawwo addantaaɓe cadeele. Sukaaɓe rewɓe yontuɓe reseede njeyaaka e rendo ngo. Kono sukaaɓe toskuɓe yaareteeɓe duuɓi jeetati haa sappo e didi kam e rewɓe seraaɓe e rewɓe joodiiɓe (muurniiɓe) ene mbaawi heen jeyeede. Asma'u accanii en golle jootde. 

 Yimoowo 
E nder defte makko ko ɓuri 60 ɗe o winndi e nder duuɓi 40, Nana Asmaʾu acci ko jimɗi keewɗi e ɗemngal Arab, ɗemngal Fula, e ɗemngal Hausa, kam en fof mbinndaa ko e binndol Arab.[4] Ko heewi e ɗeen ko daartol, kono ina waɗi kadi elegiiji, woyde, e wasiyaaji. Yimre makko ardorde ndee wonti kuutorɗe jannginde doosɗe sosɗe Kalifaandi.[9] Asmaʾu kadi ina gollondira e Muhammed Bello, Kaliifa ɗiɗaɓo.[citation needed] Golle makko ina njeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e dan Fodio teeŋtinoowo ardiiɓe rewɓe e hakkeeji rewɓe e nder miijooji renndo sunna e sariya lislaam.[11]

 Jaŋde rewɓe 
Binndanɗe Asmaʾu keddiiɗe ɗee ina njokkondiri e jaŋde Lislaam. Ko ɓuri heewde e nguurndam makko mawɗo, ko kanko woni kalfinaaɗo jaŋde diine rewɓe. Puɗɗagol hedde hitaande 1830, o sosi fedde jannginooɓe rewɓe wiyeteende jajiss, yahooɓe e nder Kalifaandi ndii fof ina njanngina rewɓe e nder galleeji almudɓe.[12] E nder ɗuum, kala e ɓeeɗoo jajiiji ina kuutoroo binndi Nana Asmaʾu e annduɓe suufiyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko rewrude e mnemonics e jimɗi, ngam jannginde gese rewɓe jannguɓe ɓe mbiyata ƴan-taru, walla "ɓe kawrata, banndiraaɓe."[13]. ] Kala jaji o rokki malfa, hattan e maande kewu aadaaji e golle almuɓɓe rewɓe animist Hausa en to Gobir, haɓɓaande e a

 Lefol jamaanu 
Jokkugol Nana Asmaʾu ngol, wonaa tan e golle makko binndol, kono kadi e darnde makko e siftinde nafooje dowla Sokoto. Hannde to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, pelle rewɓe lislaam, duɗe, e cuuɗi batuuji ina keewi innireede mo. O naati kadi e jeewte dow darnde rewɓe nder lislaam nder teeminannde 20ɓiire, nde tawnoo ko annduɓe lislaam e eggooɓe haa Orop e jeewte janngirɗe mum.[16]

Muulngo e firo golle makko ɓeydii hakkillaaji e nafoore binndol laaɓtunde e nder binndanɗe makko e jimɗi makko. Ko kanko woni tiitoonde wiɗtooji keewɗi, ina jeyaa heen deftere Jean Boyd wiyeteende Debbo Kaliifa: Nana Asma’u 1793–1865: Jannginoowo, Yimoowo e Ardiiɗo Lislaam (1989), sifotoonde ɗum ko “deftere teeŋtunde” nde “hokkata janngugol moƴƴol wonande yiɗɓe ɓe ngonaa annduɓe.” ngam riiwtude miijooji keewɗi jowitiiɗi e rewɓe e nder Afrik »,[17] e Jihaadi debbo gooto: Nana Asma’u, ganndo e binndoowo mo Beverly B. Mack e Jean Boyd (2000) winndi. Deftere mooftaande nde Nana Asma’u, ɓiɗɗo Usmaan dan Fodiyo 1793–1864, nde Boyd e Mack njuɓɓini, yaltinaa e hitaande 1997.[18] Ko ƴettaa e deftere Nana Asma'u "Woolde ngam 'Aysha II' ina tawee e deftere 2019 wiyeteende Ɓiɓɓe rewɓe Afrik kesi, nde Margaret Busby winndi.[19]

Nder hitaande 2019, gomnaajo Aminu Waziri Tambuwal diiwal Sokoto umri ministaajo lesdi e koɗol ngam hokkugo ko haani

 Ƴeew kadi 
icon Portal Yimre

Rewɓe e nder Lislaam

Usmaan e Fodiyo

Yan Taru

 Janngugol jokkungol 
Chukwuma Azuonye, ​​"Rewɓe walla rewɓe tan? Miijooji e golle Nana Asmā'u, debbo Afrik hirnaange jimoowo, hakkille, e golloowo renndo", Meridians, Vol. 6, Nokku 2, Rewɓe, Tagngo, e luural (2006), pp. 54–77.

Jean Boyd, Debbo Kaliifa: Nana Asma’u 1793-1865: Jannginoowo, yimoowo, e Ardiiɗo Lislaam. London: Frank Kaas & Co, 1989, ISBN 0-7146-4067-0.

Jean Boyd. "Jaŋde to woɗɗi e Purdah e nder teeminannde sappo e jeenay to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya: Golle Asma'u Fodiyo". Jaaynde ganndal pinal Afrik, Vol. 14, No. 1, Yimre diine Islaam e nder Afrik (Juin 2001), pp. 7–22.

Jean Boyd, «Afrik hirnaange», e nder Suad Yuusuf, Afsaneh Najmabadi (eds), Ansiklopedi rewɓe e pine lislaam, New York: Brill Publishers, 2003, pp. ISBN 90-04-12818-2.

Jean Boyd e Beverly B. Mack (winnduɓe), Kuuɗe mooftaaɗe ɗe Nana Asma’u, ɓiɗɗo debbo Usman dan Fodiyo 1793-1864, Fuɗnaange Lansing, Michigan: Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Michigan, 1997.

Jean Boyd e Beverly B. Mack, Jannginde rewɓe juulɓe: ndonu Afrik hirnaange Nana Asma’u, hitaande 1793-1864, jaaynde Kube, jaayndeeji hakkundeeji, hitaande 2013. ISBN 978-1847740441.

Jean Boyd e Murray Cakkitiiɗo. "Darnde rewɓe e nder 'Agents Religieux' e nder Sokoto", Jaaynde Kanadaa ngam wiɗtooji Afrik/Revue

 Tuugnorgal 

 "Nana Asma'u". rlp.hds.jaŋde.harvard. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 26 lewru Mbooy 2020. "Nana Asma'u". Taariindi Naked. 28 mars 2017. Ƴeewtaa ko 26 mee 2020. Maak, B (2023). Nana Asma'u mo Naajeeriya 1793-1864. Rewɓe e nder daartol filosofi e gannde. Vol. 19. Ɓoornuɗo. 419 haa 432. Doi:10.1007/978-3-031-28563-9_19. ISBN 978-3-031-28563-9. "Nana Asma'u e mouvement 'yan taru'". Hoolaare ñalnde kala. 3 lewru Juko 2017. Ƴeewtaa ko 23 lewru Mbooy 2022. "Lislaam | Ansiklopediya.com". www.ansiklopeediya.com. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 26 lewru Mbooy 2020. Asmaawu, Naana (1997). "Ittaango: Golle mooftaaɗe Nana Asma'u, ɓiy Usmaan dan Fodiyo (1793-1864)" (e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe). : Cite jaaynde ina ɗaɓɓi |jaaynde= (ballal) "Ode to Nana Asma'u: Daande e Ruuhu". Ndonu juulɓe. 16 lewru bowte 2016. Ƴeewtaa ko 26 mee 2020. David Westerlund winndi: "O jokki e wonde ƴoƴre haa hannde." Mary Wren Bivins, Haala, Waɗde Taariindi: Rewɓe, Konnguɗi, e Lislaam e nder leydi Hausaland e teeminannde sappo e jeenay e kalifaandi Sokoto. London: Heinemann, hitaande 2007. Tambuwal, Aminu (23 ut 2016). "Moderaasiyoŋ diine Sokoto ko jannde mawnde wonande aduna mettuɗo". Kaɓirgal ngal. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 23 lewru Mbooy 2022. Tambuwal, aminu waziri (23 août 2016). "No John Kerry yillirta Sokoto nii". Hoolaare ñalnde kala. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 26 lewru Mbooy 2020. Boyd, Jean (1989). Debbo Kaliifa: Nana Asma’u 1793–1865: Jannginoowo, yimoowo e Ardiiɗo Lislaam. Londres: Frank Kaas e Ko. Ltd. ISBN 0-7146-4067-0. "Nana Asma'u: Debbo ganndo e Afrik". Jaaynde Sawudit. 15 suwee 2017. Ƴeewtaa ko 26 mee 2020. "Rewɓe juulɓe 12 ɓe ngonaa ƴoƴɓe jamaanu ɓe kaawniiɗe e ɓe cemmbina on". Catal miijo. 9 suwee 2016. Ƴeewtaa ko 26 mee 2020. Ittaango e Mack, Beverly B., e Jean Boyd, Jihaadi debbo gooto: Nana Asma’u, ganndo e binndoowo. Ina heen jimɗi ɗiɗi firooji Nana Asmaʾu. Waziri Tambuwal, Aminu (23 Août 2016). "Moderaasiyoŋ diine Sokoto ko jannde alɗunde e aduna mo caɗeele". Waktuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude | Nummol. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 23 lewru Mbooy 2022. Jean Boyd e Murray Last ina ciftora ganndo Alserinaajo biyeteeɗo Ismaël Hamet binndol ngam heɗtaade Farayse e hitaande 1898, ina woya wonde « Ligues Feministes d'Europe » nganndaa ko Nana Asmaʾu rokki. Ƴeew Boyd e Last, "Darnde rewɓe e nder 'Agents Religieux' e nder Sokoto", p. 283. Mack, Beverly B. (Lewru Suwee 1990). "Ƴeewte defte". Ƴeewndo jaŋde Afrik. 33 (2): 219-220. waɗde:10.2307/524481. JSTOR 524481. S2CID 210369401. Mack, Beverly B. "Nana Asma'u, debbo juulɗo ganndo". Rewɓe e nder daartol winndere. Jannginde jaŋdeeji. Busbi, Margaret, binndol. (2019). "Ɓiɓɓe rewɓe Afrik kesi | Naatgol e loowdi" (PDF). Editions keewɗi. Maruf, Olakunle (15 octobre 2019). "Tambuwal hokki leydi ngam jangirde mawnde Nana Asma'u haa Sokoto". Jaaynde Naajeeriya.

Jokkondire yaajɗe ER, "Nana Asma'u", Daartol ɓalewol, 28 mars 2017. KeriLynn Engel, "Nana Asma'u: laamɗo debbo, yimoowo, mbayliigu jaŋde rewɓe juulɓe", Rewɓe kaawniiɗe e nder daartol, 4 Duujal 2011.