Seal ntwae

Seal nsiesie, ɔsan so yɛ Seal ntwae,anaa zhuanke wɔ Chinese (篆刻 mu), yɛ amambra ɔyɛkyerɛ bi a n'abɔse fi China na ekyir ɔtserɛw kɔr East Asia. Ɔyɛ nsɔwano n'ase ntwitwae( n'enyim no dze yɛdze si biribi do dua, sen ne nkyɛnkyɛn anaa sor). Wɔsan so frɛ no seal engravinghttps://web.archive.org/web/20120721032000/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/seal.

 Abakɔsɛm 
Shang dze wɔhyɛɛ ase dze seals dzii dwuma wɔ aban edwuma asoɛe, hɔ nna wogyina hɔ ma tum. Shang na Zhou aber do no, ndzɛmba a nna wɔdze yɛ seal ahorow no yɛ mboa hɔn mbiew, kɔɔber(brɔnze), na edwindzeyɛ. Nna wɔwɔ nkorfo a w'ahyɛ da ara atsetse hɔn, dɛ odwimfo, na edwimfo a wɔwɔ edwuma yi mu, mekyerɛ seal horow nyɛe. Osiandɛ seals a nna wɔyɛ no wɔ dɛm ber no mu no nna wɔta dze dzi dwuma wɔ aban na edwumakuw binom asoɛe, nna seals no su yɛ fɛw ara yie. Shang hɔ dze no, nna wɔdze  script (甲骨文) mbiew yɛ. Zhou aber do no, nna wɔdze dzi dwuma ( ɔnam dɛ nna Chinesfo agofomba nnyɛ kor), naaso nna dazhuan (大篆) anaa jinwen (金文) dze no dze wɔdze dzi dwumahttp://www.vincentpoon.com/the-seal.html.

Qin ahemman no mu no, ɔmanpanyin Li Si yɛɛ nsɔwano nkyerɛwee a ɔyɛ daa nna ɔyɛ kwan do adze a wɔfrɛ no Xiaozhuan (小篆) no ho nhyehyɛɛ na ɔhempɔn Qinshihuang kyerɛw maa no, ntsi wɔkaa Chinafo nkyerɛwdze ho nkyerɛwee a wɔakyerɛw no boom ma odzi kan.Osian Chinafo adansi nnkɔdo ntsi, na wɔdze nsɔwano a ɔwɔ dɛm ber yi mu so dzii dwuma kɛse wɔ adansi ndzɛmba mu, s.e., ber a woewie tile anaa birikisi bi ekyir no, na nea ɔyɛ no taa dze ne nsɔwano no hyɛ do. Yebotum ehu iyi wɔ tsetse ndzɛmba a ɔwɔ dɛm ber yi mu do. Nsɔwano a ɔtsetse dɛm no, sɛ hɔn a wɔyɛ no dzin, ber, anaa bea a wɔkyerɛ da nkyɛn a, ɔwɔ akwan horow dedaw, na ɔda hɔn a wɔyɛ no ankasa su edzi.

Song ahenman no mu no, nwomanyimfo-edwumfo dzii yie na nsɔwano yɛ bɛyɛɛ ma nkorɔfo enyi gye ho. Fitsi dɛm ber no, wɔdze bo a ɔyɛ mberɛw edzi dwuma kɛse wɔ nsɔwano a wotwitwa mu. Wɔfrɛ abo a ofi Qingtian, a seseiara ɔyɛ Zhejiang Mantɔw mu no, Qingtian bo (青田印石) ber a nna wɔdze ma wɔfrɛ no Shoushan bo (壽山印石) a ofi Fujian Mantɔw mu so dzii dwuma kɛse. Edwumfo binom bɛyɛɛ abemfo, na wɔyɛɛ edwindze ahorow pii. Afei so wɔ dɛm ber yi mu no wɔhyɛɛ ase dze nsɔwano dzii dwuma dɛ nokwardzi wɔ mfonyin na nkyerɛwee edwuma ahorow do.

Yuan ahenman no mu no na nsɔwano a wotwitwa yɛ edwindze a enya nkɔdo kɛse dadaw. Ná Ming na Qing ahemman no yɛ sika kɔkɔɔ mber ebien ma edwindze a wɔdze twa nsɔwano. Wɔ Qing ahenman no mu no, wɔhyɛɛ ase dze bo a ofi Mongolia a wɔfrɛ no Balin bo (巴林印石) dzii dwuma. Wɔ ndɛ mber yi mu no, Chinafo mfonyin anaa nkyerɛwee edwuma bi taa nya nsɔwano kor anaa ma ɔbor dɛm.

 Skuul Apapa 
Zhe Skuul (浙派): ɔwɔ Zhejiang Province, wɔtaa twa no tsia Zhe skuul, anaa Xiling Skuul, wɔ ndwontonyi Xiling Seal Art Society. Dominant in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Hui Skuul/Wan Skuul (徽派/皖派):ɔwɔ Anhui Province. odzi akotsen wɔ Ming na Qing ahendzi mu.
Hai Skuul (海派): ɔwɔ Shanghai a wɔdze too dɛm kurowpɔn no. Ɔbɛgyee dzin wɔ late Qing ahendzi na the Republic of China.

 Adwontofo a wɔagye dzin 
 Qi Baishi
 Sha Menghai (Hai School)
 Xu Wei (Zhe School)
 Wu Changshuo (Hai School & Zhe School)
 Wu Qiuyan

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