فهرست میراث جهانی در معرض خطر

کنوانسیون میراث جهانی در سال ۱۹۷۲ برای طراحی و مدیریت سایت‌های میراث جهانی توسط سازمان ملل متحد تأسیس شد. با توجه به ماده ۱۱٫۴ کنوانسیون، یونسکو، میراثی که نیاز به محافظت دارند یا برای آن‌ها درخواست کمک شده در فهرست میراث جهانی در معرض خطر قرار دارند.
این اقدام برای افزایش آگاهی بین‌المللی به تهدیدها و تشویق به اقدامات خنثی‌کننده در نظر گرفته شده‌است.

در مورد سایت‌های طبیعی، خطرات عبارتند از:کاهش جدی در جمعیت گونه‌های در معرض خطر یا از بین رفتن زیبایی‌های طبیعی یا فعالیت‌هایی مانند قطع درختان، آلودگی٬استخراج، کشاورزی موجب نابودی آن محیط می‌شود. در مورد سایت‌های خطرات عبارتند از:از بین رفتن ساختار و مواد ساخته شده از آن از دست دادن اصالت تاریخی. از جمله خطرات برای هر دو سایت‌های فرهنگی و طبیعی، شامل طرح‌های توسعه، درگیری‌های مسلحانه، سیستم‌های مدیریت ناکافی یا تغییر در وضعیت حفاظتی است. در مورد سایت‌های فرهنگی تغییرات تدریجی به دلیل زمین‌شناسی، آب و هوا یا محیط زیست نیز می‌تواند خطرات بالقوه باشد.
قبل از اینکه میراث در فهرست میراث جهانی در معرض خطر قرار گیرد وضعیت آن بررسی شده و برنامه‌هایی برای بازسازی و اصلاح آن با همکاری دولت عضو صورت می‌گیرد. پس از اجرای برنامه توسط دولت و بررسی سالانه توسط کمیته یونسکو ممکن از این فهرست خارج شوند.

 فهرست میراث در خطر 

نام: طبق فهرست بندی یونسکو
منطقه: نام منطقه شهری یا استانی و کشوری. با مختصاتاورشلیم توسط یونسکو در منطقه خاصی ذکر نشده و فقط واژه اورشلیم نوشته شده.
معیار: نوع میراث جهانی
مساحت: بر حسب هکتار یا جریب در صورت ذکر شدن توسط یونسکو
سال ثبت: سالی که اثر در یونسکو ثبت شده
در خطر: سالی که آن اثر در فهرست میراث جهانی در معرض خطر قرار گرفته
دلیل: تهدیدی که باعث شده یونسکو اثر را در فهرست میراث جهانی در معرض خطر جای دهد.

 نام تصویر منطقه |معیار مساحتha (acre) سال ثبت در خطر دلیل منابع ابو مینا 150x150px Egyابوصیر، Cultural:(iv)  1979 2001- Cave-ins in the area caused by the clay at the surface, which becomes semi-liquid when met with "excess water" ذخیره‌گاه طبیعی ایر و تنره 150x150px|alt=Sand dunes in the desert, offroad vehicles and mountains in the distance. Niger1استان آرلیت، Natural:(vii), (ix), (x)  1991 1992- Military conflict and civil disturbance in the region as well as a reduction of wildlife population and degradation of the vegetation cover شهر باستانی حلب 150x150px|alt=City view with a wall and a mosque.  Cultural:(iii)(iv)  1986 2013- جنگ داخلی سوریه، currently held partly by rebels and the government. Incessant bombing runs by the government, and mortar and gunfire by rebels endangers foundations. بصری 150x150px|alt=An old amphitheatre.  Cultural:(i)(iii)(vi) — 1980 2013- جنگ داخلی سوریه، held by the government. دمشق 150x150px|alt=Ruins of a stone building with columns and without roof.  Cultural:(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)  1979 2013- جنگ داخلی سوریه، rebel gunfire and mortar shelling, mainly from adjacent جوبر suburb endangers foundations. روستاهای باستانی شمال سوریه 150x150px|alt=Ruins of a stone church without roof.  Cultural:(iii)(iv)(v)  2011 2013- جنگ داخلی سوریه، some held by rebels. Reports of looting and demolitions by Islamist groups. شحات 150x150px|alt= LibJebel Akhdar, Cultural:(ii), (iii), (vi) — 1982 2016- جنگ داخلی لیبی، presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. محوطه باستان شناسی لپتیس ماگنا 150x150px|alt= Libالخمس، لیبی،  Cultural:(i), (ii), (iii) — 1982 2016- جنگ داخلی لیبی، presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. صبراته 150x150px|alt= Libصبراته،  Cultural:(iii) — 1982 2016- جنگ داخلی لیبی، presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. آشور (Qal'at Sherqat) 150x150px|alt=A series of three arched gates made of simple stones. They appear to be the only part that has survived from a larger building. Iraqاستان صلاح‌الدین،  Cultural:(iii), (iv)  2003 2003-  A planned reservoir that would have partially flooded the site was suspended in the wake of the جنگ عراق by the new administration; lack of adequate protection دیواره مرجانی بلیز 150x150px|alt=Underwater image of a green stone like object with patterns on the surface resembling a brain. BelBelize, Stann Creek and Toledo Natural:(vii), (ix), (x) 1996 2009- Mangrove cutting and excessive development چان چان 150x150px|alt=Ruins of former buildings in a desert setting consisting of low walls with a fishnet pattern. Perمنطقه لا لیبرتاد،  Cultural:(i), (iii)  1986 1986- Natural erosion کلیسای مهد 150x150px|alt=Birthplace of Jesus. Palبیت‌لحم،  Cultural:(iv), (vi)  2012 2012- Damage due to water leaks - however current restoration work is taking place to save the site. سانتا آنا دکورو 150x150px|alt=A street with single-storied colorful houses Venفالکون،  Cultural:(iv), (v) 1993 2005- Damage to a great number of structures due to heavy rain between November 2004 and February 2005 as well as the construction of a new monument, a beach walkway and an entrance gate to the city in the buffer zone which could have considerable impact on the value of the site دژ شهسواران and قلعه صلاح‌الدین ایوبی 150x150px|alt=A fortress of grey stone.  Cultural:(ii)(iv)  2006 2013- جنگ داخلی سوریه، once held by جبهةالنصره and other Islamist groups, reclaimed by نیروی زمینی سوریه and حزب‌الله لبنان fighters. Reports of damages and looting caused by Islamist groups was released by the government. تندیس‌های بودا در بامیان  Afgولایت بامیان،  Cultural:(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi) 2003 2003- Fragile conservation state due to abandonment, military action and dynamite explosions; causing dangers such as risk of collapse of Buddha niches, further deterioration of cave murals, looting and illicit excavations. Destruction during the rule of طالبان due to their teachings that the statues are abominations to Islam. East Rennell 150x150px|alt=Dugout Canoe in the Rennell Island lagoon, Solomon Islands. Solomon Islandاستان رنال و بلونا،  Natural:(ix) 1998 2013- Damage to the site due to logging and its effect on the local ecoystem پارک ملی اورگلیدز 150x150px|alt=A large white bird with black wingtips and a long slightly curved beak is perched on a branch above grassland. United StatesFlorida, Natural:(viii), (ix), (x) 1979 1993–2007, 2010- Damage due to Hurricane Andrew and deterioration of water flow and quality due to agricultural and urban development (1993); continued degradation of the site resulting in a loss of marine habitat and decline in marine species (2010) Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo 150x150px|alt=Ruins of stone fortifications near water. PanColón Province, Cultural:(i), (iv) —1980 2012- Environmental factors, lack of maintenance and urban development پارک ملی گارامبا 150x150px|alt=Bird's eye view of a river running through grassland interspersed by trees.Demاستان اورینتال،  Natural:(vii), (x)   1980 1984–1992, 1996- Reduction of کرگدن سفید شمالی population (1984); poaching of two white rhinos, killing of three rangers and no plan for corrective measures by the authorities (1996) هترا  Irqاستان نینوا،  Cultural:(ii), (iii), (iv), (vi) 1985 2015- Damage inflicted to the property by armed groups الخلیل 150x150px Palاستان الخلیل،  Cultural:(ii), (iv), (vi)  2017 2017- شهرسبز 150x150px|alt= Uzbولایت قشقه‌دریا،  Cultural:(iii), (iv)  2000 2016- Destruction of buildings in its medieval neighbourhoods and continuing urban development. وین 150x150px|alt=Vienna.JPG. Autوین،  Cultural:(ii)(iv)(vi)  2001 2017- New high-rise projects زبیده  Yemاستان حدیده،  Cultural:(ii), (iv), (vi) —1993 2000- Deteriorating state of historic buildings, inscribed on request of the State Party Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works 150x150px|alt=Industrial structure in a desert setting. Chilمنطقه تاراپاکا،  Cultural:(ii), (iii), (iv) —2005 2005- Fragile nature of structures due to lack of maintenance for 40 years; also damage, vandalism and some dismantling; looting پارک ملی کاهوزی-بیه‌گا  Demسود کیواand مانیما،  Natural:(x) 1980 1997- Deforestation, hunting as well as war and civil strife Liverpool – Maritime Mercantile City  United KingdomلیورپولEngland, Cultural:(ii), (iii), (iv) 2004 2012- Due to the proposed redevelopment of historic docklands known as Liverpool Waters Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park 150x150px|alt=A blank map of a rectangular-looking country with several rivers running through it. A location is marked in the north with a red dot. CenBamingui-Bangoran, Natural:(ix), (x) 1988 1997- Illegal grazing and poaching, deteriorating security situation منار جام 150x150px|alt=A tall minaret in a river valley. At the top of the nearby mountains there are other, smaller structures. Afgولایت غور،  Cultural:(ii), (iii), (iv) 2002 2002- Lack of legal protection, lack of protection measure or management plan, poor condition of the site Medieval Monuments in Kosovo 150px|alt=Stone church with various towers. کوزوو Cultural:(ii), (iii), (iv) 2004 2006- Lack of legal protection and management; political instability and security منطقه طبیعی حفاظت شده کوه نیمبا 150x150px|alt=A chimpanzee in a tree. CotLola Prefecture,** Natural:(ix), (x) 1981 1992- Iron ore mining concession on part of the World Heritage Site and influx of large number of refugees on the Guinean part of the site Nan Madol: Ceremonial Centre of Eastern Micronesia 150x150px|alt= Micronesiaجزیره تمون،  Cultural:(i), (iii), (iv), (vi)  2016 2016- Continuing siltation of waterways contributing to overgrowth and undermining existing structures. پارک ملی نیوکولو-کوبا 150x150px|alt=Bird's eye view of a river running through a forested plain. SenTambacounda Regionand Kédougou Region, Natural:(x) 1981 2007- Degradation of property, low mammal population, management problems and impact of a proposed dam on the رود گامبیا ذخیره‌گاه حیات وحش اوکاپی 150x150px|alt=River lined by tropical vegetation. Many stones are found in the river.Dem استان اورینتال،  Natural:(x) 1996 1997- Looting of park facilities and killing of elephants as a result of an armed conflict in the area شهر قدیم (اورشلیم) 150x150px|alt=View over a city. A large building with a golden cuppola is located in the background. Jerاستان اورشلیم(no nation named by UNESCO)Site proposed by Jordan. UNESCO has stated that "In line with relevant UN resolutions, بیت‌المقدس شرقی remains part of the occupied Palestinian territory, and the status of Jerusalem must be resolved in permanent status negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians." Cultural:(ii), (iii), (vi) —1981 1982- Uncontrolled urban development, general deterioration of the state of conservation due to tourism and lack of maintenance. صنعا  Yemاستان صنعا،  Cultural:(iv), (v), (vi) —1986 2015-جنگ داخلی یمن (۲۰۱۵ تا کنون) غدامس 150x150px|alt= Libغدامس،  Cultural:(v) — 1986 2016- جنگ داخلی لیبی، presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. جنه 150x150px|alt= Malجنه،  Cultural:(iii), (iv) — 1988 2016- Regional insecurity, deteriorating state of the historic town, urbanization and erosion. بتیر 150x150px|alt=Village of Battir, Palestine 2009.jpg. Palبتیر،  Cultural:(iv)(v)  2014 2014- The دیوار حایل اسرائیل در کرانه غربی "may isolate farmers from fields they have cultivated for centuries". شبام  Yemاستان حضرموت،  Cultural:(iii), (iv), (v) —1982 2015- Potential threat from the armed conflict, compounding safeguarding and management problems already observed at the site Rainforests of the Atsinanana  MadEastern Madagascar, Natural:(ix), (x) 2007 2010- Illegal logging and hunting of endangered لمور Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve 150x150px|alt=A river lined by tropical vegetation. Parts of trees are lying in the water. HonLa Mosquitia, Natural:(vii), (viii), (ix), (x) —1982 1996–2007, 2011- Logging, fishing and land occupation; poaching and the reduced capacity of the state to manage the site; largely due to the deterioration of law and to the presence of drug traffickers کوه‌های اکاکوس 150x150px|alt= Libفزان،  Cultural:(iii) — 1985 2016- جنگ داخلی لیبی، presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. پارک ملی سالونگا 150x150px|alt=River meandering through a wooded plain. DemÉquateurand استان باندوندو،  Natural:(vii), (ix) 19841999- Breakdown of civil order سامرا 150x150px|alt=A photograph of a spiral minaret in an open plain with a large number of buildings in the background and a swerving road to the left Iraqاستان صلاح‌الدین،  Cultural:(ii), (iii), (iv) 2007 2007- Security situation following the جنگ عراق and lack of state control for protection or management of the site پالمیرا 150x150px|alt=Ruins of stone buildigns with columns.  Cultural:(i)(ii)(iv)  1980 2013- جنگ داخلی سوریه، captured by the notoriously iconoclastic Islamic State terrorist organization (ISIS). تیمبوکتو 150x150px|alt=A street with a mud wall and a pyramid shaped mud building with sticks protruding from its wall. Malتیمبوکتو، استان تومبوکتو،  Cultural:(ii), (iv), (v) —1988 2012- Threat of destruction by the Islamist groups like Al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb, Ansar Dine and بوکو حرام. Some monuments are now pillaged and destroyed. Tomb of Askia 150x150px|alt=A mud structure with sticks protruding from the wall. Malگائو، استان گائو،  Cultural:(ii), (iii), (iv) 2004 2012- Damaged by Islamist groups like Al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb and Ansar Dine. Reported destroyed by Ansar Dine when they captured تیمبوکتو. Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi 150x150px|alt=Dome shaped house made of natural materials. Ugandaکامپالا،  Cultural:(i), (iii),(iv), (vi) 2001 2010- Destruction of the Muzibu Azaala Mpanga, the main building of the site, by fire in March 2010 Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra Indonesiaسوماترا،  Natural:(vii), (ix), (x) 2004 2011- Poaching, illegal logging, agricultural encroachment, and plans to build roads through the site پارک ملی ویرونگا 150x150px|alt=Mountain landscape with trunks of trees or shrubs that appear to have burned. Demکیوو شمالیand استان اورینتال،  Natural:(vii), (viii), (x) 1979 1994- Deforestation and poaching as a result of the influx of refugees due to the Rwandan Civil War

 در فهرست قرار داشته‌اند 

میراث‌هایی که قبلاً در فهرست خطر قرار داشته‌اند.

 نام نگاره موقعیت معیارها مساحت (هکتار)سال ثبت سال ثبت در فهرست دلیل منبع انگکور 150x150px|alt=Ruins of a large structure with five large towers at the top.  Cultural:(i), (ii), (iii), (iv) ۱۹۹۲ ۱۹۹۲–۲۰۰۴ Inscription initially limited to a three year period (1993–1995) during which effective legal protection, boundary and buffer zones were to be established and international conservation efforts were to be monitored and coordinated; At the time of inscription, Cambodia was سازمان ملل متحد-controlled following the civil war in the 1980s. قلعه بهلا  Cultural:(iv)  ۱۹۸۷ ۱۹۸۸–۲۰۰۴ Degradation of earth structures of the fort and of the oasis of Bahla باتروتام 150x150px|alt=Ruins of an amphitheatre and other structures.  Cultural:(iii)  ۱۹۹۲ ۱۹۹۷–۲۰۰۵ Damages due to management and conservation کلیسای جامع کلن   Cultural:(i), (ii), (iv)  ۱۹۹۶ ۲۰۰۴–۲۰۰۶ High-rise building plan near the cathedral threatening to inflict damage to the integrity of the property; delisted after the building plan was halted and a buffer zone introduced پناهگاه ملی پرندگان جوج 150x150px|alt=Cormorants on a tree without leaves above some water.  Natural:(vii), (x)  ۱۹۸۱ ۱۹۸۴–۱۹۸۸, ۲۰۰۰–۲۰۰۶ Long term threat by construction plan for a down-stream dam (1984); delistedFrom the List of World Heritage in Danger (1988) as water supply to the park was insured by the construction of a sluice and a management plan was being prepared; relistedOn the List of World Heritage in Danger (2000) due to environmental and economical threats posed by the introduced species Salvinia molesta and Pistia stratiotes as well as issues with water management in the park Dresden Elbe Valley# 150x150px|alt=View from a low hill over a large river running towards a big city.  Cultural:(ii), (iii), (iv), (v)  ۲۰۰۴ ۲۰۰۶–۲۰۰۹ Construction plans for the Waldschlösschen Bridge in the core area of the cultural landscape; removed from the list of World Heritage Sites in 2009 after construction commenced at the end of 2007 دوبروونیک 150x150px|alt=Marina in a city with churches and a fort.  Cultural:(i), (iii), (iv)  ۱۹۷۹ ۱۹۹۱–۱۹۹۸ جنگ استقلال کرواسی گالاپاگوس 150x150px|alt=Landscape with little vegetation, rocks and an isthmus.  Natural:(vii), (viii), (ix), (x)  ۱۹۷۸ ۲۰۰۷–۲۰۱۰ Various threats including insufficient prevention of possibilities for the introduction of alien species, insufficient resource allocation for conservation agencies and park management, presence of a large number of illegal immigrants, rapid uncontrolled growth of tourism, fishing over-capacity and sports fishing هامپی   Cultural:(i), (iii), (iv)  ۱۹۸۶ ۱۹۹۹–۲۰۰۶ Partial construction of two cable-suspended bridges within the protected archaeological areas of Hampi threatening the integrity and authenticity of the site دریاچه اشکل 150x150px|alt=Forested coastal mountains.  Natural:(x)  ۱۹۸۰ ۱۹۹۶–۲۰۰۶ Construction of dams limiting the freshwater flow to the area and causing an increased salinity of the lake and the marshes as well as a decrease in the number of migrating bird populations پارک ملی ایگوئاچو 150x150px|alt=A large waterfall falling into a horseshoe shaped gorge.  Natural:(vii), (x)  ۱۹۸۶ ۱۹۹۹–۲۰۰۱ Illegally opened road ("Colon Road") through the park, dams on the رود ایگواسو and helicopter flights. دره کاتماندو 150x150px|alt=Red-colored multi-storied building and tower like structure.  Cultural:(iii), (iv), (vi)  ۱۹۷۹ ۲۰۰۳–۲۰۰۷ Partial or substantial loss of the traditional elements of six out of seven monument zones and resulting general loss of authenticity and integrity of the whole property. Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor 150x150px|alt=A town in rocky mountains next to a bay or lake.  Cultural:(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)  ۱۹۷۹ ۱۹۷۹–۲۰۰۳ Damage following the earthquake from April 15, 1979 پارک ملی مناس   Natural:(vii), (ix), (x) ۱۹۸۵ ۱۹۹۲–۲۰۱۱ Poaching, damage to the park's infrastructure and decrease in the population of some species particularly the کرگدن هندی following an invasion by militants of the Bodo tribe in 1992 منطقه حفاظت‌شده انگورونگورو 150x150px|alt=Bird's eye view over a largely unvegetated plain with a lake. In the distance a mountain range is visible.  Natural:(iv), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)  ۱۹۷۸ ۱۹۸۴–۱۹۸۹ Declining conservation status Plitvice Lakes National Park 150x150px|alt=Turqois colored lakes among white rocks.  Natural:(vii), (viii), (ix)  ۱۹۷۹ ۱۹۹۲–۱۹۹۷ Potential threat due to the جنگ استقلال کرواسی کاخ‌های سلطنتی ابومی 150x150px|alt=Stone wall and a simple hut with decorations of animals and plants in colored relief.  Cultural:(iii), (iv)  ۱۹۸۵ ۱۹۸۵–۲۰۰۷ General state of deterioration due to the elements and inappropriate restoration which are in conflict with the authenticity of the site Rwenzori Mountains National Park 150x150px|alt=Hills with grassland, trees and farmland in front of a mountain range.  Natural:(vii), (ix)  ۱۹۹۴ ۱۹۹۹–۲۰۰۴ Security situation and lack of monitoring of a major part of the park پارک ملی سانگای 150x150px|alt=Forested mountain landscape.  Natural:(vii), (viii), (ix), (x)  ۱۹۸۳ ۱۹۹۲–۲۰۰۵ شکار غیرقانونی بی‌رویه، چرای غیرقانونی دام، دست‌اندازی به محیط پارک و تهدید بالقوهٔ ناشی از پروژهٔ ساخت جاده Srebarna Nature Reserve 150x150px|alt=Lake in a landscape with low vegetation.  Natural:(x)  ۱۹۸۳ ۱۹۹۲–۲۰۰۳ Prevention of seasonal flooding and agricultural use causing a decline or disappearance of the water and passerine bird populations تیمبوکتو 150x150px|alt=Pyramid shaped structure with many sticks sticking out of its walls.  Cultural:(ii), (iv), (v)  ۱۹۸۸ ۱۹۹۰–۲۰۰۵ Threat of sand encroachment تی‌پازه  Cultural:(iii), (iv)  ۱۹۸۲ ۲۰۰۲–۲۰۰۶ Inadequat maintenance affecting the integrity of the site and its buffer zone Wieliczka Salt Mine 150x150px|alt=Large room with lamps hanging from the ceiling and sculptures or reliefs along the walls.  Cultural:(iv)  ۱۹۷۸ ۱۹۸۹–۱۹۹۸ Humidity problem پارک ملی یلوستون   Natural:(vii), (viii), (ix), (x)  ۱۹۷۸ ۱۹۹۵–۲۰۰۳ Ascertained dangers to Yellowstone cutthroat trout as well as sewage leakage and waste contamination in parts of the park; potential threats to water quantity and quality, past and proposed mining activities, a proposed control program to eradicate تب مالت in the بیزون herds

 یادداشت 

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یادداشت

 پیوند به بیرون 
 میراث جهانی یونسکو: سایعیسی در کشمیر ، آرامگاه از دست رفته توسط سوزان Olsson دروازه کتاب ، ۲۰۱۹
عیسی در کشمیر آرامگاه از دست رفته توسط سوزان Olsson. دروازه کتاب ۲۰۱۹ ISBN ۹۷۸۰۵۷۸۴۹۶۲۶۹
 مرکز میراث جهانی یونسکو -- فهرست میراث جهانی در معرض خطر:سایت رسمی
  مرکز میراث یونسکو -- لیست میراث جهانی:سایت رسمی
 میراث جهانی: اطلاعات در مورد مسائل مربوط به میراث جهانی

رده:فهرست‌های میراث جهانی
رده:میراث جهانی در خطر
رده:آثار تاریخی و باستانی ایرانی در معرض آسیب