گروه محلی

گروه محلی یا خوشه کهکشانی محلی نام یکی از خوشه‌های کهکشانی است که کهکشان راه شیری به همراه تعدادی از کهکشان‌های اطرافش در آن واقع شده‌اند. تعداد دقیق کهکشان های این مجموعه یافت نشده است با این حال تخمین زده می‌شود بیش از 80 کهکشان دیگر که عمدتا کهکشان‌های کوتوله هستند در این گروه وجود داشته باشند. این خوشه کهکشانی خود عضوی از ابرخوشه سنبله که عضوی از ابرخوشه لانیاکیا است؛ می باشد.
بندانگشتی|گروه محلی از کهکشان ها، از جمله اعضای عظیم مسیه 31 (کهکشان آندرومدا) و راه شیری، و همچنین دیگر کهکشان های نزدیک.
مرکز گرانشی گروه محلی کهکشانی جایی میان کهکشان راه شیری و کهکشان آندرومدا قرار دارد. بزرگ‌ترین کهکشان‌های این گروه محلی به ترتیب کهکشان آندرومدا، کهکشان راه شیری و کهکشان مثلث هستند. این دو کهکشان با فاصله 800 کیلو پارسک از نظر گرانشی به یکدیگر مقیدند و با سرعتی حدود 123 کیلومتر بر ثانیه به سمت یکدیگر در حرکتند. علاوه بر آندرومدا و کهکشان راه شیری، دو کهکشان مارپیچی دیگر،یک کهکشان بیضوی،حدود شش(یا کمی بیشتر)کهکشان نامنظم،ودوازده کهکشان کوتوله،از دیگر اعضای گروه محلی اند.بر همکنش بین اعضا،این ساختار را پایدار نگه میدارد. نزدیک ترین کهکشان های اقماری به راه کاهکشان،ابرهای ماژلانی بزرگ و کوچکند،به اختصار(LMC,SMC)

 مشخصات 
قطر آن ۱۰ میلیون سال نوری است جرم آن  برابر جرم خورشید تخمین زده می‌شود نزدیک‌ترین خوشه کهکشانی به آن خوشه کهکشانی دوشیزه است.

 اعضا 
بندانگشتی|شماتیکی از 6 کهکشان بزرگ گروه محلی در کنار یکدیگر.

از راست به چپ: کهکشان آندرومدا (قطر 152000 سال نوری)، راه شیری (کهکشان ما)(87400 سال نوری)، کهکشان مثلث یا مسیه 33 (61100 سال نوری)، ابر ماژلانی بزرگ (32200 سال نوری)، ان جی سی 3109 (25400 سال نوری) و ابر ماژلانی کوچک (18900 سال نوری)
خوشه کهکشانی محلی بیش از ۳۵ عضو دارد 
 کهکشان راه شیری
 کهکشان آندورامدا
 کهکشان مثلث
 ابر ماژلانی بزرگ
 ابر ماژلانی کوچک
 مسیه ۱۱۰ 
 مسیه ۳۲

جدول کامل کهکشان های گروه محلی:
نامنوعصورت فلکیاطلاعاتSpiral galaxiesAndromeda Galaxy (M31, NGC 224)SA(s)bAndromedaLargest galaxy in the group
Diameter (D25 isophote): 152,000 light-years
Mass: 
Number of stars: ca. .Milky Way GalaxySBbcSagittarius (centre)Second largest galaxy in the group, which may or may not be the most massive galaxy of the group.
Diameter (D25 isophote): 87,400 light-years
Mass:  
Number of stars: .Triangulum Galaxy (M33, NGC 598)SA(s)cdTriangulumThird largest, only unbarred spiral galaxy and possible satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy.
Diameter (D25 isophote): 60,000 light-years
Mass: 
Number of stars: .Magellanic spiral galaxiesLarge Magellanic Cloud (LMC)Irr/SB(s)mDoradoFourth largest member of the group, satellite of Milky Way and only Magellanic Spiral Galaxy in the local group
Mass: 
Diameter (D25 isophote): 32,200 light-yearsNGC 3109SB(s)mHydraMember of Antlia-Sextans GroupElliptical galaxiesM32 (NGC 221)E2AndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda Galaxy, shows signs of a supermassive black holeIrregular galaxiesWolf–Lundmark–Melotte (WLM, DDO 221)Ir+CetusPossible size between Small Magellanic Cloud and Large Magellanic CloudIC 10KBm or Ir+CassiopeiaSmall Magellanic Cloud (SMC, NGC 292)SB(s)m pecTucanaSatellite of Milky Way, 6th largest galaxy in the local group
mass: 7 × 109 Pisces Dwarf (LGS3)IrrPiscesPossible satellite of the Triangulum GalaxyIC 1613 (UGC 668)IAB(s)m VCetusPhoenix DwarfIrrPhoenixLeo A (Leo III)IBm VLeoAquarius Dwarf (DDO 210)IB(s)mAquariusDistance 3.2 million light years. Quite isolated in space, membership to Local Group established in 1999.SagDIG (Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy)IB(s)m VSagittariusMost remote from barycenter member thought to be in the Local Group.NGC 6822 (Barnard's Galaxy)IB(s)m IV-VSagittariusPegasus Dwarf (Pegasus Dwarf Irregular, DDO 216)IrrPegasusUGC 4879 (VV124)IAmUrsa MajorOne of the most isolated galaxies in Local Group. Situated at the edge of the Local Group.Sextans A (UGCA 205)Ir+VSextansMember of Antlia-Sextans GroupSextans B (UGC 5373)Ir+IV-VSextansMember of Antlia-Sextans GroupLeo PIrrLeoMember of Antlia-Sextans Group, extraordinarily low metallicity (Z = 0.03ZMW)AGC 198606Irr?LeoGas-rich ultra-faint dwarf galaxyAGC 215417Irr?LeoGas-rich ultra-faint dwarf galaxyAGC 219656Irr?LeoGas-rich ultra-faint dwarf galaxyAGC 249525Irr?BoötesGas-rich ultra-faint dwarf galaxy, Situated at the edge of the Local GroupAGC 268069Irr?SerpensGas-rich ultra-faint dwarf galaxyDwarf elliptical galaxiesM110 (NGC 205)dE6pAndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda Galaxy and 5th largest galaxy with the mass of 9.3 billion solar masses.NGC 147 (DDO 3)dE5 pecCassiopeiaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyDwarf spheroidal galaxiesBoötes IdSphBoötesCetus DwarfdSph/E4CetusCanes Venatici I Dwarf and Canes Venatici II DwarfdSphCanes VenaticiSatellites of the Milky WayAndromeda IIIdE2AndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyNGC 185dE3 pecCassiopeiaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda IdE3 pecAndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxySculptor Dwarf (E351-G30)dE3SculptorSatellite of Milky WayAndromeda VdSphAndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda IIdE0AndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyFornax Dwarf (E356-G04)dSph/E2FornaxSatellite of Milky WayCarina Dwarf (E206-G220)dE3CarinaSatellite of Milky WayLeo I (DDO 74)dE3LeoSatellite of Milky WaySextans DwarfdE3SextansSatellite of Milky WayLeo II (Leo B)dE0 pecLeoSatellite of Milky WayUrsa Minor DwarfdE4Ursa MinorSatellite of Milky WayDraco Dwarf (DDO 208)dE0 pecDracoSatellite of Milky WaySagDSG (Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy)dSph/E7SagittariusSatellite of Milky WayTucana DwarfdE5TucanaCassiopeia Dwarf (Andromeda VII)dSphCassiopeiaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyPegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy (Andromeda VI)dSphPegasusSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyUrsa Major I Dwarf and Ursa Major II DwarfdSphUrsa MajorSatellite of Milky WayLeo IVdSphLeoSatellite of the Milky WayLeo VdSphLeoSatellite of the Milky WayLeo TdSph/IrrLeoSatellite of the Milky WayBoötes IIdSphBoötesSatellite of the Milky WayBoötes IIIdSphBoötesSatellite of the Milky WayBoötes IVdSphBoötesSatellite of the Milky WayComa BerenicesdSphComa BerenicesSatellite of the Milky WaySegue 2dSphAriesSatellite of the Milky WayHerculesdSphHerculesSatellite of the Milky WayPisces IIdSphPiscesSatellite of the Milky WayReticulum IIdSphReticulumSatellite of the Milky WayReticulum IIIdSphReticulumSatellite of the Milky WayEridanus IIdSphEridanusProbable satellite of the Milky WayGrus IdSphGrusSatellite of the Milky WayGrus IIdSphGrusSatellite of the Milky WayTucana IIdSphTucanaSatellite of the Milky WayHydrus IdSphHydrusSatellite of the Milky WayDraco IIdSphDracoSatellite of the Milky WayCarina IIIdSphCarinaSatellite of the Milky WayTriangulum II (Laevens 2)dSphTriangulumSatellite of the Milky WayCarina IIdSphCarinaSatellite of the Milky WayPictor IIdSphPictorSatellite of the Milky WayHorologium IIdSphHorologiumSatellite of the Milky WayVirgo IdSphVirgoSatellite of the Milky WayAquarius IIdSphAquariusSatellite of the Milky WayCrater IIdSphCraterSatellite of the Milky WayHydra IIdSphHydraSatellite of the Milky WayAntlia IIdSphAntliaSatellite of the Milky WayPegasus IIIdSphPegasusSatellite of the Milky WayPegasus IVdSphPegasusSatellite of the Milky WayPegasus WdSphPegasusRecent star formation, could still be starformingCetus IIIdSphCetusSatellite of the Milky WayTucana BdSphTucanaPerseus I Dwarf Galaxy (Andromeda XXXIII)dEPerseusSatellite of AndromedaAntlia DwarfdE3/dSph/Irr?AntliaMember of Antlia-Sextans GroupAndromeda IXdSphAndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XdSphAndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XIdSphAndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XIIdSphAndromedaPossible satellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XIII (Pisces III)dSphAndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XIV (Pisces IV)dSphPiscesPossible satellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XVdSphAndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XVIIdSphAndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XIXdSphAndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XXdSphAndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XXIdSphAndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XXIIdSphPiscesPossible satellite of the Triangulum GalaxyAndromeda XXIIIdSphAndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XXIVdSphAndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XXVdSphAndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XXVIdSphAndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XXVIIdSphAndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda Galaxy, tidally disruptedAndromeda XXIXdSphPegasusSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XXX (Cassiopeia II)dSph?CassiopeiaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XXXI (Lacerta I)dSph?LacertaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XXXII (Cassiopeia III)dSph?CassiopeiaSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XXXIV (Pegasus V)dSphPegasusSatellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XVI (Pisces V)dSphPiscesPossible satellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XXVIIIdSph?PegasusPossible satellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XXXIII (Perseus I)dSph?PerseusPossible satellite of the Andromeda GalaxyAndromeda XVIIIdSphAndromedaCentaurus IdSphCentaurusSatellite of the Milky WayPisces VII (Triangulum III)dSph?PiscesCandidate, possible satellite of the Triangulum GalaxyIdentification unclearVirgo Stellar StreamdSph (remnant)?VirgoIn the process of merging with the Milky WayCanis Major DwarfIrr?Canis MajorPossibly a dwarf galaxy in the process of merging with the Milky WayHydra 1HydraPossibly a dwarf galaxy in the process of merging with the Milky WayTucana IIIdSph or cluster?TucanaSatellite of the Milky Way, tidally disruptingTucana IVdSph or cluster?TucanaSatellite of the Milky WayTucana VdSph or cluster?TucanaPossibly non-existentColumba IdSph or cluster?ColumbaSatellite of the Milky WaySegue 1dSph or Globular ClusterLeoSatellite of the Milky WayCetus IICetusLikely part of Sagittarius tidal streamWillman 1dSph or Globular ClusterUrsa Major147,000 light-years awayHorologium IdSph or Globular ClusterHorologiumSatellite of the Milky Way. Not to be confused with the Horologium Supercluster.PictorisdSph or Globular ClusterPictorSatellite of the Milky WayPhoenix IIdSph or Globular ClusterPhoenixSatellite of the Milky WayIndus I (Kim 2)dSph or Globular ClusterIndusSatellite of the Milky WayEridanus IIIdSph or Globular ClusterEridanusSatellite of the Milky Way or SMCSagittarius IIdSph or Globular ClusterSagittariusSatellite of the Milky WayAndromeda VIIIdSph?AndromedaSatellite of the Andromeda Galaxy, tidally disruptingAntlia BAntliaMember of Antlia-Sextans GroupProbable non-membersAndromeda IVIrrAndromedaOnce considered to be associated with M31. Its distance is now known to be 22 to 24 million light years (not close to the Andromeda Galaxy at all).GR 8 (DDO 155)Im VVirgoDistance 7.9 million light yearsIC 5152IAB(s)m IVIndusDistance 5.8 million light years, possibly an outlying member of the local groupNGC 300SA(s)dSculptorDistance 6.07 million light yearsNGC 55SB(s)mSculptorDistance 6.5 million light yearsNGC 404E0 or SA(s)0−AndromedaDistance 10 million light yearsNGC 1569Irp+ III-IVCamelopardalisIn IC 342 group of galaxies. Distance 11 million light yearsNGC 1560 (IC 2062)SdCamelopardalisDistance 8-12 million light yearsCamelopardalis AIrrCamelopardalisDistance 12 million light yearsArgo DwarfIrrCarinaESO 347-8 (2318–42)IrrGrusUKS 2323-326 (ESO 407-18)IrrSculptorDistance 7.2 million light-yearsUGC 9128 (DDO 187)Irp+BoötesKKs 3dSphHydrusObjects in the Local Group no longer recognised as galaxiesPalomar 12 (Capricornus Dwarf)CapricornusGlobular cluster formerly classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxyPalomar 4 (Ursa Major Dwarf)Ursa MajorGlobular cluster formerly classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxyPalomar 5 (Serpens Dwarf)SerpensGlobular cluster formerly classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxyPalomar 3 (Sextans C)SculptorGlobular cluster formerly classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxySegue 3PegasusGlobular cluster formerly classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxyLaevens 1 (Crater Dwarf)CraterGlobular cluster formerly classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxyDES J2038-4609 (Indus II)IndusLikely a chance alignment of stars

 جایگاه گروه محلی در جهان قابل مشاهده 

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رده:گروه محلی
رده:ابرخوشه سنبله
رده:خوشه‌های کهکشانی
رده:کهکشان‌ها