Tabriz

Tabriz (persieraz/azerbaijaneraz:تبریز ;  ahoskatua) Irango ipar-mendebaldeko muturreko hiria da, Ekialdeko Azerbaijan probintziako hiriburua, Quri Txay ibaiaren ertzean kokaturik dagoena. 2011n 1.494.998 biztanle zituen. Unibertsitatea eta aireportua ditu.

 Geografia 
Tabriz ipar-mendebaldeko Iranen dago, Ekialdeko Azerbaijan probintzian, Eynali and Sahand mendiguneen artean. Eskualde horretan lurrikara ugari gertatzen dira.

 Klima 
Hiriak estepako klima hotza dauka, BSk, Köppen klima sailkapenaren arabera.

<div style="width:75%">
{{Klima
|location = Tabriz, 1951–2010, muturrekoak 1951–2010
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 16.0
|Feb record high C = 19.0
|Mar record high C = 25.6
|Apr record high C = 31.2
|May record high C = 33.8
|Jun record high C = 39.0
|Jul record high C = 42.0
|Aug record high C = 41.0
|Sep record high C = 38.0
|Oct record high C = 30.6
|Nov record high C = 23.4
|Dec record high C = 21.8
|year record high C = 42.0
|Jan high C = 2.3
|Feb high C = 4.9
|Mar high C = 10.6
|Apr high C = 17.0
|May high C = 22.8
|Jun high C = 28.8
|Jul high C = 32.8
|Aug high C = 32.7
|Sep high C = 28.3
|Oct high C = 20.7
|Nov high C = 12.0
|Dec high C = 5.2
|year high C = 18.2
|Jan mean C = -1.7
|Feb mean C = 0.5
|Mar mean C = 5.6
|Apr mean C = 11.5
|May mean C = 16.7
|Jun mean C = 22.1
|Jul mean C = 26.0
|Aug mean C = 25.9
|Sep mean C = 21.4
|Oct mean C = 14.5
|Nov mean C = 7.1
|Dec mean C = 1.2
|year mean C = 12.6
|Jan low C = -5.7
|Feb low C = -3.9
|Mar low C = 0.6
|Apr low C = 6.0
|May low C = 10.7
|Jun low C = 15.4
|Jul low C = 19.3
|Aug low C = 19.1
|Sep low C = 14.5
|Oct low C = 8.4
|Nov low C = 2.1
|Dec low C = -2.9
|year low C = 7.0
|Jan record low C = -25.0
|Feb record low C = -22.0
|Mar record low C = -19.0
|Apr record low C = -12.0
|May record low C = 0.6
|Jun record low C = 4.0
|Jul record low C = 7.0
|Aug record low C = 10.0
|Sep record low C = 4.0
|Oct record low C = -4.0
|Nov record low C = -17.0
|Dec record low C = -19.5
|year record low C = -25.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 22.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 24.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 40.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 51.6
|May precipitation mm = 41.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 16.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 5.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 3.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 7.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 22.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 27.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 22.1
|year precipitation mm = 283.8
|Jan rain days = 4.9
|Feb rain days = 5.3
|Mar rain days = 7.7
|Apr rain days = 8.8
|May rain days = 7.3
|Jun rain days = 3.2
|Jul rain days = 1.2
|Aug rain days = 0.6
|Sep rain days = 1.3
|Oct rain days = 4.3
|Nov rain days = 4.9
|Dec rain days = 5.0
|year rain days = 54.5
|Jan snow days = 9.3
|Feb snow days = 7.9
|Mar snow days = 4.9
|Apr snow days = 1.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.2
|Nov snow days = 1.8
|Dec snow days = 6.2
|year snow days = 31.4
|Jan humidity = 72
|Feb humidity = 69
|Mar humidity = 61
|Apr humidity = 56
|May humidity = 50
|Jun humidity = 40
|Jul humidity = 36
|Aug humidity = 36
|Sep humidity = 39
|Oct humidity = 51
|Nov humidity = 65
|Dec humidity = 71
|year humidity = 53
|Jan sun = 125.9
|Feb sun = 146.3
|Mar sun = 179.7
|Apr sun = 200.8
|May sun = 268.7
|Jun sun = 334.3
|Jul sun = 352.5
|Aug sun = 337.7
|Sep sun = 301.4
|Oct sun = 231.6
|Nov sun = 180.3
|Dec sun = 136.8
|year sun = 2796.0
|source 1 = chaharmahalmet
}}

 Historia 
XIII. mendearen bukaeran, mongol agintarien garaian, alegia, Irango hiriburu eta intelektualen gune nagusi izan zen. Safavien garaian, halaber, Persiako hiriburua izan zen. Turkiarren eta errusiarren mende egon zen ondoren. 1946an Azerbaijango Errepublika Demokratikoko hiriburu egin zuten, baina berehala konkistatu zuten irandarrek. Lurrikara ugari izan dira hirian (K.a. 791, K. o. 858, 1041, 1721, 1727, 1780).

 Banaketa administratiboa 
 Gaur egungo barrutiak 

 Parvaz ()
 Golxahr ()
 Zafaranieh ()
 Rajae Xahr ()
 Yaghtxian ()
 Marzdaran ()
 Eram ()

 Abresan (
 Vali Asr ()
 Elahi Parast ()
 Ferdows / Shah Gölü ()
 Ferexteh ()
 Roxdieh ()
 Mirdamad ()

 Ekonomia 
Merkataritza eta industria (ehungintza, petrolio-findegiak, nekazaritzarako makineria, eraikuntzarako gaiak, motorrak) dira ekonomia-jarduera nagusiak.

 Ondarea 
Lurrikara ugari gertatzen diren eremuan dagoen arren monumentu ugari gorde ditu. Aipagarriak dira, besteak beste, 1465-1466 urteetako Musjed-e Kabud meskita (Meskita urdina) eta XIV. mendeko hiri gotortua.

Tabrizko bazarra Ekialde Hurbileko zaharrenetakoa da eta munduko bazar estali handiena. 2010ean Gizateriaren Ondare izendatu zuen Unescok.

 Erreferentziak 

 Kanpo estekak