Laurence Olivier

Laurence Kerr Olivier (1907ko maiatzaren 22 – 1989ko uztailaren 11) Ingalaterrako aktorea, zinema zuzendaria eta ekoizlea izan zen. Kritikagile askoren ustez, XX. mendeko aktorerik hoberena izan zen. Londresko West End antzokian lortu zuen fama. William Shakespeareren lana menderatzen tematuta eta Vivien Leigh bigarren emaztearengandik bereizteagatik erruak jota, lanean murgildu zen. Haren ibilaldian, 120 bat antzezlanetan eta ozta 60 filmetan parte hartu zuen, William Wyler edo Alfred Hitchcockekin lan eginez.

1926ean hasi zen aktore profesional gisa; 1937an Londresko Old Vic Theatre taldean sartu zen; aldi berean filmak egin zituen Alemanian, Britainia Handian eta Hollywooden. Bigarren Mundu Gerraren ondoren Shakespeareren antzerki lan batzuk egokitu zituen zinemarako. 1962an National Company taldeko zuzendari izendatu zuten eta antzerki lan klasikoak eta garai hartako egileen lanak aurkeztu zituen. Telebistan ere lan egin zuen eta Emmy saria irabazi zuen 1973an, 1975ean eta 1982an. 1944an Oscar berezia eman zioten; 1949an film hoberenari eta aktore hoberenari dagozkion Oscar sariak irabazi zituen eta 1979an ohorezko Oscar saria. 1982an Confessions of an Actor (Aktore baten aitormenak) oroitzapen liburua argitaratu zuen.

 Filmografia 
 Zuzendaria 
Taula honetan ikus daitezke zuzendutako filma bakoitzaren bi aktore, enpresa ekoizlea eta beste izenburuak (gaztelaniaz, frantsesez):
UrteaFilmaAktoreakEkoizleaIzenburuak (es,fr)1944Elizabethan Stage: Henry V -- --1944Henry VLeslie Banks, Robert HelpmannTwo Cities Films1946Henry V: The Battle Of Agincourt -- --1948HamletBasil Sydney, Eileen HerlieTwo Cities Films1955Richard IIILaurence Olivier, Ralph Richardson --1957The Prince and the ShowgirlMarilyn Monroe, Laurence Olivier -- 1970Three SistersAlan Bates, Joan Plowright --

 Aktorea 
Taula honetan ikus daitezke zuzendutako filma bakoitzaren zuzendaria, enpresa ekoizlea eta beste izenburuak (gaztelaniaz, frantsesez):
UrteaFilmaZuzendariaEkoizleaIzenburuak (es,fr)1930HokuspokusGustav UcickyUFA1930Too Many CrooksGeorge King --1930The Temporary WidowGustav UcickyUFA1931The Yellow TicketRaoul WalshFox Film Corporation 1931Friends and LoversVictor SchertzingerRKO Pictures 1932Westward PassageRobert MiltonRKO Pictures1933Perfect UnderstandingCyril Gardner --1933No Funny BusinessVictor Hanbury --1935Moscow NightsAnthony AsquithLondon Films1936Conquest of the AirZoltan Korda --1936As You Like ItPaul Czinner20th Century Studios 1937Fire Over EnglandWilliam K. HowardLondon Films1938The Divorce of Lady XTim WhelanLondon Films 1939Q PlanesTim Whelan -- 1939Wuthering HeightsWilliam WylerSamuel Goldwyn Productions 1940Pride and PrejudiceRobert Z. LeonardMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer 194021 DaysBasil DeanLondon Films 1940RebeccaAlfred HitchcockSelznick International Pictures194149th ParallelMichael Powell --1941That Hamilton WomanAlexander KordaLondon Films 1943The Demi-ParadiseAnthony AsquithTwo Cities Films 1944The VolunteerMichael Powell --1944Henry VLaurence OlivierTwo Cities Films1944This Happy BreedDavid Lean --1948HamletLaurence OlivierTwo Cities Films1951The Magic BoxJohn Boulting --1952CarrieWilliam WylerParamount Pictures 1953A Queen Is CrownedMichael Waldman -- 1953The Beggar's OperaPeter Brook --1955Richard IIILaurence Olivier --1957The Prince and the ShowgirlLaurence Olivier -- 1959The Moon and SixpenceRobert MulliganNBC1959The Devil's DiscipleGuy HamiltonHecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions 1960SpartacusStanley KubrickBryna Productions1960The EntertainerTony Richardson -- 1962Term of TrialPeter GlenvilleJohn and James Woolf 1963Uncle VanyaStuart Burge --1965Bunny Lake Is MissingOtto Preminger -- 1965OthelloStuart Burge --1966KhartoumBasil Dearden --1968Romeo and JulietFranco Zeffirelli -- 1968The Shoes of the FishermanMichael AndersonMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer 1969Oh! What a Lovely WarRichard Attenborough -- 1969Battle of BritainGuy Hamilton -- 1969David CopperfieldDelbert Mann20th Century Fox Television1969Dance of DeathDavid Giles --1970Three SistersLaurence Olivier --1971Nicholas and AlexandraFranklin J. SchaffnerColumbia Pictures 1972SleuthJoseph L. Mankiewicz -- 1972Lady Caroline LambRobert BoltVides Cinematografica 1973Long Day's Journey into NightPeter Wood --1973The Merchant of VeniceJohn Sichel --1974The RehearsalJules Dassin --1975Love Among the RuinsGeorge CukorAmerican Broadcasting Company 1976The CollectionMichael Apted --1976The Seven-Per-Cent SolutionHerbert Ross --1976Marathon ManJohn SchlesingerParamount Pictures1977A Bridge Too FarRichard Attenborough --1977Jesus of NazarethFranco Zeffirelli --1978The BetsyDaniel Petrie -- 1978The Boys from BrazilFranklin J. SchaffnerITC Entertainment 1978Come Back, Little ShebaSilvio Narizzano --1979A Little RomanceGeorge Roy HillOrion Pictures 1979DraculaJohn BadhamUniversal Pictures1980The Jazz SingerRichard FleischerEMI Films1981InchonTerence Young --1981Clash of the TitansDesmond DavisMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer 1983Mr. Halpern and Mr. JohnsonAlvin Rakoff --1983King LearMichael Elliott --1984The Last Days of PompeiiPeter R. Hunt -- 1984The BountyRoger DonaldsonMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer1984Terror in the AislesAndrew J. Kuehn --1984The Ebony TowerRobert Knights --1984A Talent for MurderAlvin Rakoff --1985Wild Geese IIPeter R. Hunt -- 1986Lost EmpiresAlan Grint --1986Peter the GreatMarvin J. Chomsky --1988The Making of a Legend: Gone with the WindDavid Hinton --1989War RequiemDerek Jarman --2000The Filth and the FuryJulien TempleFilm42004Sky Captain and the World of TomorrowKerry ConranFilmauro 2015TrumboJay Roach --

 Erreferentziak 

 Bibliografia 

 Agate, James (1946). The Contemporary Theatre, 1944 and 1945. London: Harrap. OCLC 1597751.
 Bacall, Lauren (2006) [2005]. By Myself and Then Some. London: Headline. ISBN 978-0-7553-1351-8.
 Barker, Felix (1984). Laurence Olivier: A Critical Study. Speldhurst: Spellmount. ISBN 978-0-88254-926-2.
 Beckett, Francis (2005). Olivier. London: Haus. ISBN 978-1-904950-38-7.
 Billington, Michael (2004). "Olivier, Laurence Kerr, Baron Olivier (1907–1989)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/38623. Retrieved 28 December 2014. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
 Bragg, Melvyn (1989) [1984]. Laurence Olivier. London: Sceptre. ISBN 978-0-14-003863-7.
 Capua, Michelangelo (2003). Vivien Leigh: A Biography. Jefferson: McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-8034-0.
 Castle, Charles (1972). Noël. London: W H Allen. ISBN 978-0-491-00534-0.
 Coleman, Terry (2006) [2005]. Olivier: The Authorised Biography. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0-7475-8080-5.
 Coward, Noël (1983) [1982]. Payn, Graham; Morley, Sheridan (eds.). The Noël Coward Diaries (1941–1969). London: Methuen. ISBN 978-0-297-78142-4.
 Croall, Jonathan (2000). Gielgud – A Theatrical Life, 1904–2000. London: Methuen. ISBN 978-0-413-74560-6.
 Croall, Jonathan, ed. (2013). Gielgoodies – The Wit and Wisdom and Gaffes of John Gielgud. London: Oberon Books. ISBN 978-1-78319-007-2.
 Darlington, W. A. (1968). Laurence Olivier. London: Morgan Grampian. ISBN 978-0-249-43970-0.
 Day, Barry (2005). Coward on Film: The Cinema of Noël Coward. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5358-4.
 Denny, Barbara (1985). Kings Bishop: The Lords Spiritual of London. London: Alderman Press. ISBN 978-0-946619-16-0.
 Findlater, Richard (1971). The Player Kings. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-00304-5.
 Findlater, Richard (1981). At the Royal Court: 25 years of the English Stage Company. Ambergate: Amber Lane Press. OCLC 247511466.
 Garber, Marjorie (2013). Bisexuality and the Eroticism of Everyday Life. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-61284-8.
 Gaye, Freda, ed. (1967). Who's Who in the Theatre (fourteenth ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons. OCLC 5997224.
 Gielgud, John (1979). An Actor and His Time. London: Sidgwick and Jackson. ISBN 978-0-283-98573-7.
 Gielgud, John (2004). Mangan, Richard (ed.). Gielgud's Letters. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-82989-8.
 Gilbert, Susie (2009). Opera for Everybody. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-22493-7.
 Hall, Peter (1984) [1983]. Peter Hall's Diaries. London: Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 978-0-241-11285-4.
 Hobson, Harold (1958). Ralph Richardson. London: Rockliff. OCLC 3797774.
 Holden, Anthony (1988). Olivier. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-79089-1.
 Jackson, Russell (2007). The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Film. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-49530-2.
 Jackson, Russell (2013). Gielgud, Olivier, Ashcroft, Dench: Great Shakespeareans. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-4725-1544-5.
 Kennedy, Michael (2004). "Walton, Sir William Turner (1902–1983)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31797. Retrieved 13 January 2015. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
 Kiernan, Thomas (1981). Olivier: The Life of Laurence Olivier. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 978-0-283-98671-0.
 Korda, Michael (1981). Charmed Lives. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-380-53017-5.
 Lesley, Cole (1976). The Life of Noël Coward. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 978-0-224-01288-1.
 Miller, John (1995). Ralph Richardson – The Authorized Biography. London: Sidgwick and Jackson. ISBN 0-283-06237-1.
 Morley, Sheridan (1974) [1969]. A Talent to Amuse. London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-003863-7.
 Morley, Sheridan (2001). John G—The Authorised Biography of John Gielgud. London: Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 978-0-340-36803-9.
 Mortimer, John (1984) [1983]. In Character. Harmondsworth: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-006389-9.
 Munn, Michael (2007). Lord Larry: The Secret Life of Laurence Olivier: a Personal and Intimate Portrait. London: Robson Books. ISBN 978-1-86105-977-2.
 Neill, Michael (2006). "Introduction". Othello, the Moor of Venice. The Oxford Shakespeare. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-156847-3.
 O'Connor, Garry (1982). Ralph Richardson – An Actor's Life. London: Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 978-0-340-27041-7.
 Olivier, Laurence (1994) [1982]. Confessions of an Actor. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-14-006888-7.
 Olivier, Laurence (1986). On Acting. London: Weidenfeld. ISBN 978-0-297-78864-5.
 Olivier, Tarquin (1992). My Father Laurence Olivier. London: Headline. ISBN 978-0-747-20611-8.
 Richards, Jeffrey (2010). The Age of the Dream Palace: Cinema and Society in 1930s Britain. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84885-122-1.
 Richards, Jeffrey (2014). Visions of Yesterday. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-92861-4.
 Shail, Robert (2007). British Film Directors: A Critical Guide. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 978-0-8093-2833-8.
 Tanitch, Robert (1985). Olivier. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-5000-1363-2.
 Ustinov, Peter (1978) [1977]. Dear Me. Harmondsworth: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-004940-4.

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