Gaza genotsiid

Gaza genotsiid on Gaza sektoris käimasolev, tahtlik ja süstemaatiline palestiina rahva hävitamine, mida Iisraeli-Ḩamāsi sõja käigus viib läbi Iisrael. Genotsiidiaktid sisaldavad massimõrvu, näljutamist, tõsiste kehavigastuste ja vaimsete kannatuste tekitamist ning sündide takistamist. Muud teod hõlmavad blokaadi kehtestamist, tsiviiltaristu hävitamist, tervishoiuasutuste purustamist, meditsiinitöötajate ja abiotsijate tapmist, massilist küüditamist, seksuaalvägivalla toimepanemist ning haridus-, usu- ja kultuuriasutuste hävitamist.Israel has committed genocide in the Gaza Strip, UN Commission finds Genotsiidi on tunnistanud ÜRO erikomiteeA genocide is unfolding before our eyes: History will not forgive our inaction, UN Special Committee warns General Assembly 4th Committee report "Our report leaves no room for ambiguity. A genocide is unfolding before our eyes. Failing to act now – failing to put an end to this atrocity crime – will tear apart the very foundation of the international rule of law we have collectively built to protect peace, security, and the well-being of all. Our inaction today is setting a perilous precedent for tomorrow. Think about it." ja uurimiskomisjon,Israel has committed genocide in the Gaza Strip, UN Commission finds Genotsiidiuuringute Rahvusvaheline Assotsiatsioon,Israel is committing genocide in Gaza, scholars' association saysIAGS Resolution on the Situation in Gaza mitmed inimõigusorganisatsioonid, arvukad genotsiidiuuringute ja rahvusvahelise õiguse teadlased Sultany, N. (2024). lk 4: "Although legal scholars and commentators were slow to recognize the severity and urgency of the situation, this article sought to show that there is an emerging consensus that Israel's actions in Gaza are not another instance of armed conflict but instead amount to genocide."
 Swart, H. (2025). lk 3: "South Africa's actions led to an ever-growing consensus in international legal circles that Israel is committing genocide."
 Lederman, R. (2025). lk 1: "Roughly since mid-2024, there seems to have emerged a broad agreement among genocide scholars [...] that this is indeed the case ... What followed seems to be a similar broad agreement emerging among legal scholars that this is indeed a genocide, and even those who are still hesitating find the genocide charges much more convincing."
 Shaw, M. (2025b). lk 3: "By the end of 2024, when Amnesty International published a comprehensively evidenced and legally argued case, the consensus that Israel was committing genocide was becoming overwhelming."
 Gessen, M. (2024): "Trachtenberg testified to a consensus opinion among historians of genocide that what is happening in Gaza can indeed be called a genocide, largely because the intent to cause death on a massive scale has been so clear in the statements of Israeli officials."
 Bouranova, D. (2024): "The opposition is political, as there is consensus amongst the international human rights legal community, many other legal and political experts, including many Holocaust scholars, that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza." Mohyeldin, A. & Hamdan, A. (2024).
 De Vogli, R.; Montomoli, C.; Abu-Sittah, G.; Pappé, I. (2025). lk 688–689.
 van Laarhoven, J.; Peek, T.; Walters, D. (2025).
 Tharoor, I. (2025).
 Genocide Emergency: Gaza, 11 July 2025. Genocide Watch, 14. juuli 2025. Vaadatud 8. september 2025. Arhiivikoopia aadressil archive.org.
 Statement on Why We Call the Israeli Attack on Gaza Genocide. Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention, 29. detsember 2023. Vaadatud 8. september 2025. Arhiivikoopia aadressil archive.org. ning teised eksperdid. Albanese, F. (2024a). lk 1: "By analysing the patterns of violence and Israeli policies in its onslaught on Gaza, the present report concludes that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the threshold indicating that Israel has committed genocide has been met."
 Burga, A. (2023).
 Corder, C. (2024).
 Dumper, M. & Badran, A. (2024). lk 2: "In this context we should not overlook the latest turning point in the history of Palestine – the attack by Hamas on 7th October 2023 on Israeli settlements adjacent to Gaza and the subsequent genocidal war that the state of Israel has carried out in the Gaza Strip."
 Gritten, D. (2025).
 International Federation for Human Rights (2024): "One year ago, the FIDH International Board, its governing body elected by all its member organisations, recognised, after extensive debate and examination, that Israel was carrying out genocide against the Palestinian people in Gaza."
 "It Is Important to Call a Genocide a Genocide," Consider Suspending Israel's Credential as UN Member State, Experts Tell Palestinian Rights Committee. UN News, ÜRO, 31. oktoober 2024. Arhiivikoopia: 5. november 2024, archive.org.
 Lawless, J. (2024).
 Narea, N. (2024).
 Quigley, J. (2024b).
 Rights expert finds "reasonable grounds" genocide is being committed in Gaza. UN News, ÜRO, 26. märts 2024. Vaadatud 2. aprill 2025. Arhiivikoopia: 28. märts 2025, archive.org.
 Speri, A. (2024).
 UN Special Committee finds Israel's warfare methods in Gaza consistent with genocide, including use of starvation as weapon of war. ÜRO Inimõiguste Ülemvoliniku Amet (OHCHR), 14. november 2024. Vaadatud 13. mai 2025. Arhiivikoopia: 8. mai 2025, archive.org.

2025. aasta oktoobriks teatas Gaza tervishoiuministeerium, et vähemalt 66 148 inimest Gaza sektoris on tapetud.Reported impact snapshot – Gaza Strip (1 October 2025) Enamik ohvritest on tsiviilisikud,Schwarz, Franziska (16. august 2024). "Düsterer Meilenstein": UN benennt Zahl der täglichen Toten im Gazastreifen ["Sünge verstapost": ÜRO nimetas Gaza sektoris igapäevaste surmade arvu]. Frankfurter Rundschau (saksa keeles).Tantesh, Malak A.; Graham-Harrison, Emma (15. august 2024). Gaza rubble likely to conceal untold horrors to swell 40,000 death toll. The Guardian. kellest vähemalt 50% moodustavad naised ja lapsed.Spagat, Mike (28. mai 2024). Gaza Ministry of Health releases detailed new casualty data amidst confusion of UN's death numbers in Gaza. Action on Armed Violence. Vaadatud 10. juuli 2024.  
Arhiivikoopia: 10. juuli 2024, archive.org."Gaza death toll set to pass 30,000, as Israel prepares assault on Rafah" Võrreldes teiste hiljutiste sõdadega maailmas on hukkunud ajakirjanike, humanitaar- ja tervishoiutöötajate ning laste arv üks kõrgemaid. Amnesty International report (2024), lk 16.
 Buschek, Christoph; Kalisch, F.; Kollig, H. (2024).
 Gaza: At Least 3,100 Children Aged Under Five Killed With Others at Risk as Famine Looms. Save the Children, 10. oktoober 2024. Vaadatud 21. detsember 2024. Arhiivikoopia: 4. november 2024, archive.org.
 Sridhar, A. (2023).
 Salzenstein, M. (2024).
 Fayyad, M. (2024). Arvatakse, et tuhanded loendamata surnukehad asuvad hävitatud hoonete rusude all.Gaza death toll: why counting the dead has become a daily struggle Ajakirjas The Lancet avaldatud uuring hindas, et traumaatiliste vigastustega surmasid alahinnati juba 2024. aasta juuniks, märkides samas, et tegelik ohvrite arv võib olla suurem, kui arvestada ka nn kaudseid surmasid. "Traumatic injury mortality in the Gaza Strip from Oct 7, 2023, to June 30, 2024: a capture–recapture analysis""The 7 October Atrocities and the Annihilation of Gaza: Causes and Responsibilities". 2025. aasta maiks hinnati traumaatiliste vigastustega surmasid 93 000-le, mis moodustab 4–5% Gaza sõjaeelsest elanikkonnast.How many people have died in Gaza? Vigastatuid on üle 170 000."Reported impact snapshot – Gaza Strip (22 October 2025)""A third of outpatients treated for wounds at MSF's Gaza hospitals in 2024 were children, figures show" Gazas on maailma suurim amputeeritud laste osakaal ühe elaniku kohta; Moor, J. (2025).
 Harghandiwal, R. (2025), lk 1–20.
 Abodahab, A.; Elsergany, M. (2025), lk 1705–1710.
 Muthumani, P. (2024), lk e000719.
 Sherwani, S.; Stewart, T.; Samad, A. (2025), lk 1840–1845.
 Percentage of Persons with Disabilities in Gaza Has Increased because of Excessive Use of Force by Israel, State of Palestine Tells Committee on Rights of Persons with Disabilities. United Nations, 15. august 2025. Arhiivikoopia: 19. september 2025, archive.today.
 Israel denying treatment to thousands of Gazans who lost limbs in Israeli attacks, almost 1,000 of them children. B'Tselem, 9. juuli 2025. Arhiivikoopia: 13. august 2025, archive.org.
 Shatali, A.; Rashid, M.; Lubbad, T.; Potterton, J. (2025), lk 219–225.
 Aftab, S.; Yaqoob, K.; Khan, J.; Javed, R. (2025), lk 226–227. Gaza sõda on põhjustanud puude rohkem kui 21 000 lapsele."Middle East crisis: at least 21,000 children disabled in Gaza during war, says UN committee – as it happened"

Iisraeli jõuga kehtestatud blokaad on oluliselt kaasa aidanud kestvale näljahädale ja kinnitatud nälgimisele. Prognooside kohaselt kogeb 100% elanikkonnast „kõrget taset akuutset toidupuudust“, kusjuures umbes 641 000 inimest elab 2025. aasta augusti seisuga katastroofilises olukorras.IPC global initiative (22 August 2025). "GAZA STRIP: Famine confirmed in Gaza Governorate, projected to expand | 1 July – 30 September 2025" (PDF). Integrated Food Security Phase Classification. Konflikti alguses katkestas Iisrael Gaza vee- ja elektrivarustuse, kuid taastas hiljem osaliselt vee."Israel resumes water supply to southern Gaza after U.S. pressure" 2024. aasta mai seisuga oli 84% Gaza tervisekeskustest hävitatud või kahjustatud. "In Gaza, months of war have left Palestinians with barely the necessities to survive". Iisrael on samuti hävitanud arvukaid kultuuripärandiobjekte, sealhulgas kõik Gaza 12 ülikooli ja 80% koolidest. UN experts deeply concerned over "scholasticide" in Gaza. ÜRO inimõiguste ülemvoliniku büroo (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights), 18. aprill 2024. Arhiivikoopia: 18. aprill 2024, archive.org.
 Stack, M.; Shbair, A. (2024).
 In Gaza, Palestinians hold Ramadan prayers by ruins of mosque. Reuters, 15. märts 2024. Arhiivikoopia: 18. august 2024, archive.today.
 Kansara, A.; Nour, L. (2024).
 Saber, H. (2024).
 El Chamaa, J. (2023).
 Moutafa, S. (2023). Üle 1,9 miljoni palestiinlase – 85% Gaza elanikkonnast – on sunniviisiliselt ümberasustatud.

Lõuna-Aafrika Vabariigi valitsus on esitanud Rahvusvahelises Kohtus Iisraeli vastu hagi, süüdistades Iisraeli genotsiidi vältimise ja karistamise konventsiooni rikkumises.Application Instituting Proceedings (PDF), Application of Convention on Prevention and Punishment of Crime of Genocide (S. Afr. v. Isr.), No. 192 Iisraeli valitsus on süüdistusi eitanud ja väitnud, et Iisrael tegeleb vaid enesekaitsega."Israel rejects genocide charges, tells World Court it must defend itself" Esialgses otsuses leidis kohus, et Lõuna-Aafrikal on õigus oma hagi esitada, ning tunnistas, et palestiinlastel on õigus kaitsele genotsiidi eest.Donoghue, J. (2024). „The court decided that the Palestinians had a plausible right to be protected from genocide, and that South Africa had the right to present that claim in the court.”  
Vaata ka Rahvusvahelise Kohtu korraldust: Order, South Africa v. Israel, No. 192 (ICJ, 26 January 2024), lõik 54:  
„In the Court's view, the facts and circumstances mentioned above are sufficient to conclude that at least some of the rights claimed by South Africa and for which it is seeking protection are plausible. This is the case with respect to the right of the Palestinians in Gaza to be protected from acts of genocide and related prohibited acts identified in Article III, and the right of South Africa to seek Israel's compliance with the latter's obligations under the Convention.” Kohus käskis Iisraelil võtta kõik tema võimuses olevad meetmed genotsiidiaktide ärahoidmiseks, genotsiidi õhutamise tõkestamiseks ja karistamiseks ning tagada Gaza elanikele humanitaarabi."ICJ finds genocide case against Israel 'plausible', orders it to stop violations". Hiljem käskis kohus Iisraelil suurendada humanitaarabi Gaza sektorisse ja peatada Rafah' pealetung.Casciani, Dominic (2024b).  
Marsi, Siddiqui & Motamedi (2024). Iisrael ei täitnud kohtu korraldusi.Amnesty International (26. veebruar 2024).  
Israel defying ICJ ruling to prevent genocide by failing to allow adequate humanitarian aid to reach Gaza.  
Amnesty International.  
Arhiveeritud 2. oktoobril 2025: archive.org.  
Human Rights Watch (26. veebruar 2024).  
Israel Not Complying with World Court Order in Genocide Case.  
Human Rights Watch.  
Arhiveeritud 29. septembril 2025: archive.org.  
Jonathan Kuttab (20. märts 2024).  
Israeli Non-Compliance with ICJ Provisional Orders.  
Arab Center Washington DC.  
Arhiveeritud 10. augustil 2025: archive.org. Teadlaste seas valitseb kasvav üksmeel, et Iisraeli tegevust tuleb nimetada genotsiidiks, : „Although legal scholars and commentators were slow to recognize the severity and urgency of the situation, this article sought to show that there is an emerging consensus that Israel's actions in Gaza are not another instance of armed conflict but instead amount to genocide.“
 : „South Africa's actions led to an ever-growing consensus in international legal circles that Israel is committing genocide.“
 : „Roughly since mid-2024, there seems to have emerged a broad agreement among genocide scholars – at least those who have expressed their views on the matter – that this is indeed the case... What followed seems to be a similar broad agreement emerging among legal scholars that this is indeed a genocide, and even those who are still hesitating find the genocide charges much more convincing.“
 : „By the end of 2024, when Amnesty International published a comprehensively evidenced and legally argued case, the consensus that Israel was committing genocide was becoming overwhelming.“
 : „Trachtenberg testified to a consensus opinion among historians of genocide that what is happening in Gaza can indeed be called a genocide, largely because the intent to cause death on a massive scale has been so clear in the statements of Israeli officials.“
 : „The opposition is political, as there is consensus amongst the international human rights legal community, many other legal and political experts, including many Holocaust scholars, that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza.“ eriarvamusi on vähe.Moses, A. Dirk (19 September 2025). "Introduction: Gaza and the Problems of Genocide Studies". Journal of Genocide Research (Roundtable: Gaza and Genocide Studies): 1–14. doi:10.1080/14623528.2025.2558401

Tahtlus
Gaza genotsiidi puhul on eksperdid kinnitanud, et Iisraeli poliitiliste ja sõjaliste juhtide avaldused – koos hävitusliku iseloomuga retoorika ja Iisraeli käitumisega Gaza sektoris – viitavad genotsiidikavatsusele ja genotsiidi õhutamisele palestiinlaste vastu.Israel's war on Gaza: Why do legal experts say it's genocide? Nii ÜRO uurimiskomisjon kui ka Amnesty International on dokumenteerinud Iisraeli võimude käitumismustrit, järeldades, et genotsiidikavatsus on "ainus mõistuspärane järeldus", mida olemasolevate tõendite põhjal saab teha.Amnesty International report 2024, lk 35: "The evidence presented in the report clearly shows that the destruction of Palestinians in Gaza, as such, was Israel's intent—either in addition to or as a means to achieve its military aims. There is only one reasonable inference that can be drawn from the evidence presented: genocidal intent has been part and parcel of Israel's conduct in Gaza since 7 October 2023, including its military campaign."UN Commission of Inquiry report 2025, lk 64: "On the basis of fully conclusive evidence, the Commission finds that statements made by Israeli authorities are direct evidence of genocidal intent. Additionally, on the basis of circumstantial evidence, the Commission finds that genocidal intent was the only reasonable inference that could be drawn, based on the pattern of conduct of the Israeli authorities. Thus, the Commission concludes that the Israeli authorities and Israeli security forces have the genocidal intent to destroy, in whole or in part, the Palestinians in the Gaza Strip." ÜRO paneel jõudis samuti järeldusele, et Iisraeli ametnike avaldustest ilmneb genotsiidikavatsus."It is clear that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza, UN-Panel concludes""Genocide is Never Justifiable: Israel and Hamas in Gaza" Mitmed genotsiidiuuringute eksperdid, sealhulgas Lemkini Instituut Genotsiidi Ennetamiseks"Statement on Why We Call the Israeli Attack on Gaza Genocide" ja Genocide Watch"The Double Genocide in Gaza by Dr. Gregory Stanton" ning teised,"Public Statement: Scholars Warn of Potential Genocide in Gaza" kinnitavad, et Iisraeli ametnike tegevuses ja avaldustes on olemas genotsiidikavatsus. Genotsiidikavatsust ja -õhutamist on omistatud ka Iisraeli ajakirjanikele ja Ameerika Ühendriikide kongressiliikmetele.'Not a punchline': 15 dehumanising quotes on Gaza atrocities by US figures

Iisraeli riigi esindajad on teinud arvukalt avaldusi, mis dehumaniseerivad palestiinlasi ning õhutavad, õigustavad või ülistavad nende vastu toimepandud julmusi. ÜRO uurimiskomisjon leidis, et Iisraeli president Isaac Herzog, peaminister Benjamin Netanyahu ja endine kaitseminister Yoav Gallant on süüdi "otseses ja avalikus õhutamises genotsiidi toimepanemiseks". Genotsiidi õhutamine on iseseisev kuritegu, mida saab kohtulikult menetleda isegi siis, kui genotsiidi tegelikult ei toimu.ÜRO uurimiskomisjoni raport 2025

Genotsiidikavatsus ilmneb ka selliste tegude ulatuses ja süsteemsuses, mis ületavad igasuguse legitiimse sõjalise eesmärgi piiri"A question of intent: Is what's happening in Gaza genocide?""The genocide case is growing""Gaza Tribunal: "We are witnessing genocide. The UK Government does not want to hear"" – sealhulgas laste sihipärases ründamises, laialdases seksuaalvägivallas, kultuuripärandi hävitamisesAmnesty International report (2024), lk 32. ning eluks võimatute tingimuste loomisesAmnesty International report (2024), lk 213. – koos nende meetodite jätkamisega hoolimata täielikust teadlikkusest nende katastroofilistest tagajärgedest.

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