Mỹ Lai veresaun

Mỹ Lai veresaun (vietnami keeles Thảm sát Mỹ Lai) on sõjakuritegu, mille korraldasid Ameerika Ühendriikide maaväelased 16. märtsil 1968. Vietnami sõja ajal aset leidnud roimas tapeti Lõuna-Vietnami Sơn Tịnhi ringkonnas 347–504 relvastamata tsiviilisikut, kelle seas oli nii mehi, naisi, lapsi kui imikuid. Ameerika Ühendriikide sõdurid piinasid ja (grupi)vägistasid ohvreid ning moonutasid nende kehasid. Vägistati ka 12-aastaseid lapsi.Murder in the name of war: My Lai, BBC News, 20 July 1998. Mỹ Lai veresaun on 20. sajandi suurim Ameerika Ühendriikide armee korraldatud tsiviilisikute vastu suunatud veresaun.

Veresaunas osalemises esitati süüdistus 26 sõdurile, kuid süüdi mõisteti ainult C-kompanii rühmaülem leitnant William Calley jr. Talle määrati 22 külaelaniku tapmise eest eluaegne vanglakaristus, millest ta kandis 3,5 aastat ära koduarestis kuni president Richard Nixon talle armu andis. Vägistamise eest kedagi süüdi ei mõistetud.

Mỹ Lai veresaun toimus Sơn Mỹ asula kahes külas Quảng Ngãi provintsis.Department of the Army. Report of the Department of the Army Review of the Preliminary Investigations into the My Lai Incident, Volumes I–III (1970). Ameerika Ühendriikide sõjaväe kaartidel kandsid külad nimesid My Lai ja My Khe.Summary of Peers Report. Sõdurid kutsusid seda piirkonda Pinkville'iks (inglise keelest u Roosaküla), sest sõjaväekaartidel kujutati tihedamalt asustatud alasid punakasroosa värviga. Seetõttu nimetati juhtumit algselt Pinkville'i veresaunaks.Frontline (PBS): Remember My Lai Originally Broadcast 23 May 1989. Armee juurdluse ajal tunti Mỹ Lai veresauna Songmy veresaunana.Ex-G.I. Says He Saw Calley Kill a Vietnamese Civilian. The New York Times, 27 November 1969. Praegu kutsutakse seda rahvusvaheliselt Mỹ Lai veresaunaks ning Vietnamis Sơn Mỹ veresaunaks."Commemorating victims of Son My massacre" VOV News, 13 March 2012.

Veresaun jõudis avalikkuse ette novembris 1969 ning põhjustas pahameeletormi. Veresaun ning katsed see maha vaikida andisd jõudu Ameerika Ühendriikide siseriiklikule vastuseisule sõjas osalemisele.Corley, Christopher L. Effects on Public Opinion Support During War or Conflict. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2007, p. 39.

Alguses süüdistati kolme Ameerika Ühendriikide sõjaväelast, kes olid üritanud tsiviilisikuid päästa. Näiteks demokraat, Esindajatekoja Relvateenistuste Komitee esimees L. Mendel Rivers nimetas neid riigireeturiteks. Kolmkümmend aastat hiljem nende kolme sõduri tegusid tunnustati ja autasustati (üht postuumselt).

Vaata ka
 Sơn Mỹ mälestusmärk
 Inimõigused Ameerika Ühendriikides
 Huế veresaun
 Phoenixi programm
 Russelli tribunal
 Tiger Force

Viited

Kirjandus
 161st Assault Helicopter Company. Unit History of the 161st Assault Helicopter Company (who intervened in the massacre)
 Americal Division Veterans Association; Americal Locations in Vietnam, cited 3 June 2006.
 Anderson, David L. (1998) Facing My Lai: Moving Beyond the Massacre University Press of Kansas: Lawrence, Kansas – extensive interviews with trial participants and soldiers.
 Angers, Trent (1999) The Forgotten Hero of My Lai: The Hugh Thompson Story Lafayette, La.: Acadian House.
 Becker, Elizabeth. Kissinger Tapes Describe Crises, War and Stark Photos of Abuse., The New York Times, 27 May 2004 (mirrored)
 Belknap, Michal R. (2002) The Vietnam War on Trial: The My Lai Massacre and the Court-Martial of Lieutenant Calley. University Press of Kansas. .
 Beidler, Philip D., "Calley's Ghost", Virginia Quarterly Review, Winter 2003.
 Bilton, Michael and Sim, Kevin. (1992) Four Hours in My Lai New York: Viking – a re-examination, draws extensively on interviews with participants and contains detailed bibliographic references.
 Chomsky, Noam. After Pinkville, Bertrand Russell War Crimes Tribunal on Vietnam, 1971
 Chomsky, Noam and Edward S. Herman. Counter-Revolutionary Violence: Bloodbaths in Fact & Propaganda, 1973 and 2004
 Colburn, Lawrence and Paula Brock. The Choices Made – Lessons from My Lai on Drawing the Line, Seattle Times, 10 March 2002
 Gershen, Martin. (1971) Destroy or Die: The True Story of My Lai New York: Arlington House.
 Goldstein, Joseph. (1976) The My Lai Massacre and its Cover-Up New York: Free Press.
 Greiner, Bernd. (2009) War without Fronts: The USA in Vietnam New Haven: Yale University Press.
 Greiner, Bernd. (2009) The March 1968 Massacre in My Lai 4 and My Khe 4, Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence, [online], published on 5 October 2009, URL, 
 Hammer, Richard. (1971) The Court-Martial of Lt. Calley New York: Coward.
 Hastings, Max, "Wrath of the Centurions" (review of Howard Jones, My Lai: Vietnam, 1968 and the Descent into Darkness, Oxford, 2017, 504 pp., ), London Review of Books, vol. 40, no. 2 (25 January 2018), pp. 19–22.
 Hersh, Seymour M. (1972). Cover-up: the Army's secret investigation of the massacre at My Lai 4. Random House. .
 Hersh, Seymour M. (1970). My Lai 4: A Report on the Massacre and Its Aftermath. Random House. .
 Hersh, Seymour M. The original, Pulitzer-Prize winning articles about the My Lai Massacre for the St. Louis Post Dispatch, 13 November, 20 November and 25 November 1969.
 Hersh, Seymour M. " Looking for Calley - How a young journalist untangled the riddle of My Lai", Harper's Magazine, June 2018.
 My Lai and Why It Matters: Review of Ron Ridenhour's Videotaped Lecture
 Jones, Howard (2017) My Lai, Vietnam, 1968, and the Descent into Darkness. Oxford University Press. .
 O'Brien, Tim. (1994) In the Lake of the Woods, McClelland & Stewart.  – historical fiction about a Vietnam Vet who can't escape his own experience of My Lai.
 Olson, James S. and Roberts, Randy (eds.) (1998) My Lai: A Brief History with Documents, Palgrave MacMillan. 
 Peers, William R. (1970). Robert E. Lester, ed. The Peers inquiry of the massacre at My Lai. Bethesda, MD: University Publications of America, 1996. 
 Raimondo, Maj. Tony, JA. The My Lai Massacre: A Case Study, Human Rights Program, School of the Americas, Fort Benning, Georgia
 Ridenhour, Ron. "Jesus Was a Gook"
 Rockwood, Lawrence. "The Lesson Avoided: the Official Legacy of the My Lai Massacre", The Moral Dimension of Asymmetrical Warfare, Counter-terrorism, Democratic Values and Military Ethics, Netherlands Defense College (2008).
 Sack, John. (1971) Lieutenant Calley: His Own Story New York: Viking.

 University of Missouri-Kansas City Law School. The My Lai Courts-Martial, 1970
 Teitel, Martin. Again, the Suffering of Mylai, article preview, New York Times, 7 June 1972, p. 45.
 Texas Tech University. The Vietnam Oral History Project
 Toledo Blade. Special Report: Tiger Force
 Chapter 24 "Transgressions" deals with the My Lai Massacre.

Kategooria:Massimõrvad
Kategooria:Vietnami sõda
Kategooria:1968