Ruĝvosta parulio

La Ruĝvosta parulio, Setophaga ruticilla, estas malgranda paserina birdo de la familio de Paruliedoj de Ameriko kaj malgranda genro de Setophaga, kie ĝi estas la ununura specio. Ili reproduktiĝas en Nordameriko, tra suda Kanado kaj orienta Usono.

Tiuj birdoj estas migrantaj, kaj vintrumas en Centrameriko, Karibio kaj norda Sudameriko (en Venezuelo ili nomiĝas "candelitas" -kandeletoj-). Ili estas tre raraj vagantoj en okcidentan Eŭropon.
eta|maldekstra|Masklo de Ruĝvosta parulio

Tiu specio estas tute nerilata al la malnovmondaj ruĝvostuloj. Tiu specio ricevas sian nomon pro la ruĝa koloro de la vosto de masklo.

 Aspekto 
La Ruĝvosta parulio estas 12 cm longa kaj pezas 8.5 g. La reproduktantaj maskloj estas nekonfuzeblaj, tutnigra supre escepte larĝan oranĝecruĝajn makulojn centre de flugiloj kaj en ekstera parto de komenca vosto (flugiloj kaj vosto montras iom da malhelbruneca nuanco pli ol la tutnigran koloron de la supra dorso). Ankaŭ la brustoflankoj estas ruĝoranĝaj, kun la resto de ties subaj partoj blankaj. La beko estas mallonga kaj pintakra. La okuloj estas nigraj.

Ĉe aliaj plumaroj la Ruĝvostaj parulioj montras verdecajn suprajn partojn, nigran vostocentron kaj grizajn kapojn. La ruĝoranĝaj makuloj de la masklo estas anstataŭataj de flava koloro ĉe la plumaroj de inoj kaj junuloj. La beko kaj kruroj estas pli nigrecaj ĉe la reprodukta masklo ol ĉe aliaj plumaroj.

 Kutimaro 
La reproduktaj habitatoj de tiuj birdoj estas malfermaj arbaroj aŭ arbustaroj. Tiuj habitatoj estas ofte situaj ĉe akvo. Tiuj birdoj nestumas en malalte en arbusto; la ino demetas 2-5 ovojn en tasforma nesto.

Tiuj birdoj manĝas insektojn kutime kaptatajn dumfluge. Ruĝvostaj parulioj ankaŭ kaptas siajn insektopredojn per plukado el la foliaro. Tiu estas tre aktiva specio. Ili ofte malfermas siajn vostojn. Tiuj birdoj fermas kaj malfermas la oranĝan kaj flavan kolorojn de siaj vostoj por allogi aŭ senmovigi insektojn el la subkreskaĵaro.

Ties kanto estas serio de muzikecaj notoj sii. Ties alvoko estas milda ĉip.

Ruĝvostaj parulioj montras miksitan pariĝstrategion; ili estas hegemonie monogamaj sed ĉirkaŭ 25 % de maskloj havas multoblajn teritoriojn kaj estas poliginaj. Eĉ ĉe monogamaj paroj, alta proporcio de idoj - ĝis 40 % - ne estas filoj de la masklo de la paro. La intenseco de la maskla koloraro (kiu rilatas al pigmentoj de Karotenoido) antaŭmarkas ties sukceson je  havo de teritorio en la nereproduktaj vintraj lokoj ĉe Karibio, la probablecon ke li estos poligina, kaj la proporcion de idoj en sia nesto kies patro li vere estosReudink, M. W., Marra, P. P., Boag, P. T., & Ratcliffe, L. M. (2009).  Plumage coloration predicts paternity and polygyny in the American redstart.  Animal Behaviour, 77, 495-501. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.11.005.

 Referencoj 

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  Malplej Zorgiga.
 Curson, Quinn kaj Beadle,New World Warblers ISBN 0-7136-3932-6
 Stiles kaj Skutch,  A guide to the birds of Costa Rica’’ ISBN 0-8014-9600-4
 Trent Thomas, Betsy, "Conoce nuestras aves" ISBN 980-257-032-X
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 Eksteraj ligiloj 

 Speciinformaro pri Ruĝvosta parulio - Laboratorio Cornell de Ornitologio
 Ruĝvosta parulio - Setophaga ruticilla  - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
 Informaro kaj fotoj de Ruĝvosta parulio - Suddakotaj Birdoj kaj Birdumo
 Ruĝvosta parulio, Birdosono 

Kategorio:Paseroformaj
Kategorio:Paruliedoj
Kategorio:Birdoj de Ameriko