Kaŝtanflanka parulio

La Kaŝtanflanka parulio (Dendroica pensylvanica) estas birdospecio de la familio de Paruliedoj kaj granda genro Dendroica.

 Disvastiĝo 
Ili reproduktigas en orienta Nordameriko kaj en suda Kanado okcidenten ĝis la Kanadaj Prerioj. Ili reproduktiĝas ankaŭ en la regiono de la Grandaj Lagoj kaj en orienta Usono.

Tiuj nearktisaj birdoj estas migrantaj, kiuj vintras en Centrameriko suden al norda KolombioStrewe & Navarro (2004), kun nekonfirmita vidaĵo el tiom sude kiom el Ekvadoro; ili estas ankaŭ tre raraj vagantoj en okcidentan Eŭropon.

eta|maldekstra|Maskla plenkreskulo, somere (supre)Juna masklo (centre)Plenkreskulo, vintra (sube)

 Aspekto 
Somere masklo de Kaŝtanflanka parulio estas nekonfuzebla laŭ aspekto. Li montras malhele striecan grizan dorson (nigraj plumoj kun flavaj bordoj), blankan vizaĝon kun el beko nigraj okulstrio al nuko kaj kolstrio suben (tiele restas granda blanka orelareo) kaj flavverdecan kronon kun mallarĝa blankeca frunta bordo. Ties subaj partoj estas blankaj, kun tre markate brunaj flankoj (kaŝtankoloraj), kaj ĝi havas ankaŭ du blankajn flugilstriojn. Inoj similas al eluzitaj versioj de somera masklo, kaj ĉefe, ino ne havas la markatan kapobildon kaj ankaŭ havas malpli da bruna koloro en flankoj. La beko estas rekta kaj pintakra. La kruroj estas grizecaj.

Nereproduktuloj de ambaŭ seksoj havas verdecajn kapojn, kaj verdecajn suprajn partojn kiuj estas kutime nestriecaj. Ili havas ankaŭ nestriecajn palgrizajn brustojn. Ties flugilstrioj estas ĉiam en ties plumaroj. Manko de strieco helpas distingi tiun specion el la Stria parulio for de la reprodukta sezono.

 Kutimaro 
eta|Masklo, Otavo, Ontario
La kantoj estas fajfaj pliis, pliis, pliis tumiĉ. Ties alvokoj estas akraj ĉip. La tasforma nesto estas situa en malalta arbusto, kutime en juna decidua arbaro aŭ arbustaro. La ino demetas 3-5 ovojn. Tiu specio estas ofte parazitita de la Brunkapa molotro.

Kaŝtanflankaj parulioj estas insektovoraj, sed tio inkludas berojn en ties vintra dietoEkz. Tiuj de Cymbopetalum mayanum (Annonaceae); tiaj arboj povas esti uzataj por allogi vintrajn birdojn en ĝardenojn kaj parkojn: Foster (2007). Ili manĝas aktive en arbustoj kaj malgrandaj arboj, kaj foje kaptas insektojn perfluge.

La nombroj de tiu birdospecio pliiĝis dum duarangaj arbaroj iĝis pli komunaj oriente fine de la 19a jarcento; ties nombroj iom malpliiĝis ekde tiam.

 Notoj 

 Referencoj 
  Malplej Zorgiga.
  (1994): New World Warblers. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-3932-6
  (2007): The potential of fruiting trees to enhance converted habitats for migrating birds in southern Mexico. Bird Conservation International 17(1): 45-61.  PDF plena teksto
  (2004): New and noteworthy records of birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta region, north-eastern Colombia. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 124(1): 38-51. PDF plena teksto 

 Eksteraj ligiloj 

 Filmetoj, fotoj kaj sonoj de Kaŝtanflanka parulio ĉe Internet Bird Collection
 Kaŝtanflanka parulio - Dendroica Pensylvanica  - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
 Speciinformaro pri Kaŝtanflanka parulio – Laboratorio Cornell de Ornitologio
 Informaro kaj fotoj de Kaŝtanflanka parulio - Suddakotaj Birdoj kaj Birdumo
 Fotaro de Kaŝtanflanka parulio  VIREO
 Kaŝtanflanka parulio ĉe Animal Diversity Web

 Plia legado 
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Kategorio:Paruliedoj
Kategorio:Nearktisa faŭno
Kategorio:Birdoj de Ameriko