Ρούντολφ Κάρναπ

Ο Ρούντολφ Κάρναπ (Rudolf Carnap, 18 Μαΐου 1891 – 14 Σεπτεμβρίου 1970) ήταν γερμανόφωνος φιλόσοφος που δραστηριοποιήθηκε στην Ευρώπη πριν από το 1935 και στη συνέχεια στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες. Υπήρξε σημαντικό μέλος του Κύκλου της Βιέννης και υπέρμαχος του λογικού θετικισμού.

 Βασική εργογραφία 
 1918a [2019], “Völkerbund—Staatenbund”, Politische Rundbriefe, 1: 4 and 4: 15–16. Translated into English in Carnap 2019: 3–10. [Carnap 1918 available online] (Scholar)
 1918b, “Deutschlands Niederlage: Sinnloses Schicksal oder Schuld?” (typed), 29 October 1918, Archives of Scientific Philosophy, Hillman Library, University of Pittsburgh, Carnap Papers [089-72-04].
 1919, Politischer Rundbrief of 1 April 1919. Recommendation of G. Landauer’s book Revolution und Sozialismus, p.124. Archives of Scientific Philosophy, Hillman Library, University of Pittsburgh, Carnap Papers [110-01-28]. (Scholar)
 1922a [2019], Der Raum: Ein Beitrag zur Wissenschaftslehre, Kant-Studien Ergänzungshefte, Nr. 56, Berlin: Reuther & Reichard. Translated into English in Carnap 2019: 21–208.
 1922b, Three positions papers on: (a) Beziehungslehre und Strukturlehre; (b) Ansätze zur Charakterisierung von Strukturen (with Bernhard Merten); (c) Aufbau der Wirklichkeit (Strukturtheorie des Erkenntnisgegenstandes) (carbons); late 1922. Archives of Scientific Philosophy, Hillman Library, University of Pittsburgh, Carnap Papers [091-17-12]. (Scholar)
 1923 [2019], “Über die Aufgabe der Physik und die Anwendung des Grundsatzes der Einfachstheit”, Kant-Studien, 28: 90–107. Translated into English in Carnap 2019: 209–46. (Scholar)
 1924 [2019], “Dreidimensionalität des Raumes und Kausalität: Eine Untersuchung über den logischen Zusammenhang zweier Fiktionen”, Annalen der Philosophie und philosophischen Kritik, 4: 105–30. Translated into English in Carnap 2019: 247–298. (Scholar)
 1925a, “Gedanken zum Kategorienproblem. Prolegomena zu einer Konstitutionstheorie (Vortrag Wien)” (shorthand), 21 January 1925. Archives of Scientific Philosophy, Hillman Library, University of Pittsburgh, Carnap Papers [081-05-03]. (Scholar)
 1925b, “Entwurf einer Konstitutionstheorie der Erkenntnisgegenstände” (typed), first sketch, 17 December 1924; this version typed, 28 January 1925. Archives of Scientific Philosophy, Hillman Library, University of Pittsburgh, Carnap Papers [081-05-02]. (Scholar)
 1926 [2019], Physikalische Begriffsbildung, Karlsruhe: Braun. Translated into English as Physical Concept Formation in Carnap 2019: 339–440.
 1927, “Eigentliche und uneigentliche Begriffe”, Symposion, 1: 355–374. (Scholar)
 [Aufbau] 1928a [1967], Der logische Aufbau der Welt, Berlin: Weltkreis. Second edition, Hamburg: Meiner, 1961. Translated into English as The Logical Structure of the World, Rolf A. George (trans.), Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1967. (Scholar)
 1928b, Scheinprobleme in der Philosophie, Berlin: Weltkreis.
 1929, Abriß der Logistik, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Relationstheorie und ihrer Anwendungen, Vienna: Springer.
 1930a, “Die alte und die neue Logik”, Erkenntnis, 1: 12–26. doi:10.1007/bf00208606 (Scholar)
 1930b, “[Review of] Felix Kaufmann, Das Unendliche in der Mathematik und seine Ausschaltung”, Deutsche Literaturzeitung, 51: cols. 1674–1678. (Scholar)
 1930c, “Bericht über Untersuchungen zur allgemeinen Axiomatik”, Erkenntnis, 1: 303–307. doi:10.1007/bf00208622 (Scholar)
 1930d, “Review: Der logistische Neupositivismus: E. Kaila (1930)”, Erkenntnis, 2: 75–77. doi:10.1007/bf02028134 (Scholar)
 1930e, “Plan für Kaila-Aufsatz: Über die Erkenntnis des sog. ‘Nicht-Gegebenen’” (shorthand), 2 November 1930; also an outline headed ‘Kaila-Aufsatz’ on a separate sheet dated 29 October 1930, Young Research Library, University of California at Los Angeles, Special Collections, Carnap Papers (Collection 1029) [UCLA Box4, CM13, item1]. (Scholar)
 1931, “Die logizistische Grundlegung der Mathematik” (The Logicist Foundations of Mathematics), Erkenntnis, 2: 91–105. doi:10.1007/bf02028142 (Scholar)
 1932a, “Überwindung der Metaphysik durch logische Analyse der Sprache”, Erkenntnis, 2: 219–241. doi:10.1007/bf02028153 (Scholar)
 1932b [1934], “Die physikalische Sprache als Universalsprache der Wissenschaft”, Erkenntnis, 2: 432–465. Translated into English as Unity of Science, Max Black (trans.), London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., 1934. doi:10.1007/bf02028172 (Scholar)
 1932c, “Psychologie in physikalischer Sprache”, Erkenntnis, 3: 107–142. doi:10.1007/bf01886414 (Scholar)
 1932d, “Erwiderung auf die vorstehenden Aufsätze von E. Zilsel und K. Duncker”, Erkenntnis, 3: 177–188. doi:10.1007/bf01886417 (Scholar)
 1932e [1987], “Über Protokollsätze”, Erkenntnis, 3: 215–228. Translated in 1987 as “On Protocol Sentences”, Richard Creath and Richard Nollan (trans.), Noûs, 21(4): 457–470. doi:10.2307/2215667 (en) doi:10.1007/BF01886421 (de) (Scholar)
 [LSS] 1934a [1937], Logische Syntax der Sprache, Vienna: Springer. Translated by Amethe Smeaton as The Logical Syntax of Language, London: Routledge, 1937. (Scholar)
 1934b, “Theoretische Fragen und praktische Entscheidungen”, Natur und Geist, 2: 257–260. (Scholar)
 1934c [1987], Die Aufgabe der Wissenschaftslogik, Vienna: Gerold. Translated as “The Task of the Logic of Science”, Hans Kaal (trans.), in Unified Science, Rainer Hegselmann and Brian McGuinness (eds.), Dordrecht: Reidel, 1987, 46–66. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3865-6_3 (Scholar)
 1934d [2004], “On the Character of Philosophic Problems”, W. M. Malisoff (trans.), Philosophy of Science, 1(1): 5–19. German original “Über den Charakter philosophischer Probleme” published in R. Carnap Scheinprobleme in der Philosophie und andere metaphysikkritische Schriften, T. Mormann (ed.), Hamburg: Meiner, 2004, 111–127. doi:10.1086/286302 (en) (Scholar)
 1935a, Philosophy and Logical Syntax, London: Routledge.
 1935b, “Review: Logik der Forschung. Zur Erkenntnistheorie der modernen Naturwissenschaft: Popper, Karl (1935)”, Erkenntnis, 5: 290–294. doi:10.1007/bf00172319 (Scholar)
 1936 [1949], “Wahrheit und Bewährung”, in Actes du Congrès international de philosophie scientifique, Sorbonne, Paris 1935, fasc. 4. Unité de la science, Paris: Hermann, pp. 18–23. A modified version is translated as “Truth and Confirmation”, in Feigl and Sellars 1949: 119–127. (Scholar)
 [TM] 1936–37, “Testability and Meaning”, Philosophy of Science,
 [TM1] 3(4): 419–471 (sections 1–16). doi:10.1086/286432, (Scholar)
 [TM2] 4(1): 1–40 (sections 17–28). doi:10.1086/286443
 1939, Foundations of Logic and Mathematics, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
 1942, Introduction to Semantics, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
 1943, Formalization of Logic, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
 1945a, “The Two Concepts of Probability: The Problem of Probability”, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 5(4): 513–532. doi:10.2307/2102817 (Scholar)
 1945b, “On Inductive Logic”, Philosophy of Science, 12(2): 72–97. doi:10.1086/286851 (Scholar)
 1946, “Modalities and Quantification”, Journal of Symbolic Logic, 11(2): 33–64. doi:10.2307/2268610 (Scholar)
 1947, Meaning and Necessity, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; second edition: 1956.
 1949, “A Reply to Leonard Linsky”, Philosophy of Science, 16(4): 347–350. doi:10.1086/287056 (Scholar)
 [ESO] 1950a [1956], “Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology”, Revue Internationale de Philosophie, 4(11): 20–40. Reprinted in Carnap 1956b: 205–221. (Scholar)
 [LFP] 1950b, Logical Foundations of Probability, first edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
 1952a [1956], “Meaning Postulates”, Philosophical Studies, 3(5): 65–73. Reprinted in Carnap 1956b: 222–229. doi:10.1007/bf02350366 (Scholar)
 1952b, The Continuum of Inductive Methods, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
 1954a [1968], Einführung in die symbolische Logik, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Anwendungen, first edition, Vienna: Springer; second edition, 1968.
 1954b [1956], “On Belief Sentences: Reply to Alonzo Church”, in Philosophy and Analysis, Margaret MacDonald (ed.), Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 128–131. Reprinted in Carnap 1956b: 230–232. (Scholar)
 1955a [1956], “On Some Concepts of Pragmatics”, Philosophical Studies, 6(6): 89–91. Reprinted in Carnap 1956b: 249–251. doi:10.1007/bf02341065 (Scholar)
 1955b [1956], “Meaning and Synonymy in Natural Languages”, Philosophical Studies, 6(3): 33–47. Reprinted in Carnap 1956b: 222–229. doi:10.1007/bf02330951 (Scholar)
 1956a, “The Methodological Character of Theoretical Concepts”, in The Foundations of Science and the Concepts of Psychology and Psychoanalysis, Herbert Feigl and Michael Scriven (eds.), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 38–76. [Carnap 1956a available online] (Scholar)
 1956b [1947], Meaning and Necessity: A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic, second edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (This is an enlarged version of 1947.)
 1957, “How Can Induction Be Justified?” Unpublished Manuscript from the Carnap Papers at the Archives of Scientific Philosophy, Hillman Library, University of Pittsburgh, catalogue number 082-01-01. (Scholar)
 1958 [1975], “Beobachtungssprache und Theoretische Sprache”, Dialectica, 12(3–4): 236–248. Translated as “Observational Language and Theoretical Language”, in Hintikka 1975: 75–85. doi:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1958.tb01461.x (Scholar)
 1959a [2000], “Theoretical Concepts in Science”, unpublished lecture. Published in Stathis Psillos, 2000, “Rudolf Carnap’s ‘Theoretical Concepts in Science’”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A, 31(1): 151–172. doi:10.1016/s0039-3681(99)00031-x">10.1016/s0039-3681(99)00031-x (Scholar)
 1959b, Induktive Logik und Wahrscheinlichkeit (coauthor: Wolfgang Stegmüller), Vienna: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-3142-8
 1961a, “Vorwort zur zweiten Auflage” (introduction to second edition), in Aufbau, second edition, Hamburg: Meiner, pp. X–XV. (Scholar)
 1961b, “On the Use of Hilbert’s ε-Operator in Scientific Theories”, in Essays on the Foundations of Mathematics, Y. Bar-Hillel et al. (eds.), Jerusalem: Magnes Press, pp. 154–64. (Scholar)
 1962, Logical Foundations of Probability, second edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
 1963a, “Carnap’s Intellectual Autobiography”, in Schilpp 1963: 3–84. (Scholar)
 1963b, “The Philosopher Replies”, in Schilpp 1963: 859–1013.
 1964, “Interview mit Rudolf Carnap”, in Mein Weg in die Philosophie, Rudolf Carnap, interview with Willy Hochkeppel, Stuttgart: Reclam, pp. 134–148. (Scholar)
 1966, Philosophical Foundations of Physics: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science, New York: Basic Books.
 1968a “Inductive Logic and Inductive Intuition”, in The Problem of Inductive Logic, Imre Lakatos (ed.), Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 258–314. (Scholar)
 1968b, “On Rules of Acceptance”, in The Problem of Inductive Logic, Imre Lakatos (ed.), Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 146–50. (Scholar)
 1971a, “A Basic System of Inductive Logic, Part I”, in Carnap (and Jeffrey) 1971c: 33–165. (Scholar)
 1971b, “Inductive Logic and Rational Decisions”, in Carnap (and Jeffrey) 1971c: 5–31. (Scholar)
 1971c, Studies in Inductive Logic and Probability, volume 1, with Richard C. Jeffrey, Berkeley: University of California Press. See Jeffrey 1980 for volume 2.
 1974, An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science, New York, Basic Books; second edition of Carnap 1966.
 1980, “A Basic System of Inductive Logic, Part II”, in Jeffrey 1980: 7–155. (Scholar)
 2000, Untersuchungen zur allgemeinen Axiomatik, Thomas Bonk and Jesús Mosterin (eds.), Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
 2017, “Value Concepts (1958)”, Synthese, 194(1): 185–194. doi:10.1007/s11229-015-0793-2 (Scholar)
 2019, Rudolf Carnap: Early Writings, A.W. Carus, Michael Friedman, Wolfgang Kienzler, Alan Richardson, and Sven Schlotter (eds.), (The Collected Works of Rudolf Carnap, 1), New York: Oxford University Press.

 Παραπομπές 

 Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι 

 https://www.nytimes.com/1970/09/15/archives/rudolf-carnap-philosopher-dies-developed-branch-known-as-logical.html
 https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/rudolf-carnap/

Κατηγορία:Γερμανοί φιλόσοφοι