Λυμαντρία

Η λυμαντρία (λατινική και επιστημονική ονομασία Lymantria) είναι γένος λεπιδόπτερων εντόμων, που ανήκει στην oικογένεια ερεβίδες. Είναι νυκτόβιες πεταλούδες-σκώροι με πολυφάγες κάμπιες, και συναντώνται από την Ευρώπη μέχρι την Ιάβα, την Κελέβη, την Ιαπωνία και την Αυστραλία. Από τα πολλά είδη ξεχωρίζει το είδος λυμαντρία η ανόμοιος (Lymantria dispar), που από τότε που ελευθερώθηκε κατά λάθος στη φύση στις ΗΠΑ από τον Ετιέν Λεοπόλντ Τρουβελό εξαπλώνεται στη Βόρεια Αμερική, με τις φυλλοφάγες κάμπιες του να προκαλούν κάθε έτος ζημιές δεκάδων εκατομμυρίων δολαρίων στις φυτικές καλλιέργειες στις ΗΠΑ. Σε αυτό παραπέμπει εξάλλου και η ονομασία λυμαντρία, που στη λατινική σημαίνει «καταστροφέας» (κοινή ετυμολογία με την αρχαιοελληνική λέξη λυμαντήρ και το ρήμα λυμαίνομαι). Το γένος ορίσθηκε από τον Γερμανό εντομολόγο Γιάκομπ Χύμπνερ το 1819.

Περιγραφή
Στις αρσενικές λυμαντρίες οι ανιχνευτικοί εμπρόσθιοι βραχίονες (palpi) εκτείνονται προς τα εμπρός και είναι καλυμμένες με χνούδι. Οι κεραίες είναι σχετικώς μακριές και στα θηλυκά οδοντωτές από τη μία πλευρά. Οι πτέρυγες ανάλογα με το είδος είναι είτε πλήρως ανεπτυγμένες, είτε ατροφικές, είτε και σχεδόν ανύπαρκτες.

Είδη
Σήμερα γίνονται γενικότερα αποδεκτά τα εξής είδη λυμαντρίας«Lymantria» στην Encyclopedia of Life:

 Lymantria aboleta, Staudinger, 1896
 Lymantria akemii, Schintlmeister, 189?
 Lymantria albescens, Matsumura, 1927
 Lymantria albimacula, Wallengren, 1863
 Lymantria albolunulata, Moore, 1879
 Lymantria alexandrae, Schintlmeister, 1994
 Lymantria ampla, Walker, 1855
 Lymantria antennata, Walker, 1855
 Lymantria antica, Walker, 1856
 Lymantria aomoriensis, Matsumura, 1921
 Lymantria apicebrunnea, Gaede, 1932
 Lymantria arete, Fawcett, 1915
 Lymantria argyrochroa, Collenette, 1935
 Lymantria arrheta, Collenette, 1959
 Lymantria aryama, Moore, 1859
 Lymantria ascetria, Hübner, 1821
 Lymantria asiatica, Vunkovskij, 1926
 Lymantria atala, C. Swinhoe, 1923
 Lymantria atemeles, Collenette, 1932
 Lymantria atlantica, Rambur, 1842
 Lymantria atra, Linstow., 1907
 Lymantria aurora, Butler, 1877
 Lymantria bantaizana, Matsumura, 1933
 Lymantria barica, Mabille, 1878
 Lymantria barisana, Collenette, 1933
 Lymantria barlowi, Schintlmeister, 1994
 Lymantria beatrix, Stoll, 1790
 Lymantria bhascara, Moore, 1859
 Lymantria binotata, Mabille, 1880
 Lymantria bisextilis, Toxopeus, 1948
 Lymantria bivittata, Moore, 1879
 Lymantria brotea, Stoll, 1780
 Lymantria brunneata, Kenrick, 1914
 Lymantria brunneiplaga, C. Swinhoe, 1903
 Lymantria brunneoloma, Pogue & Schaeffer, 2007
 Lymantria buruensis, Collenette, 1933
 Lymantria caliginosa, Collenette, 1933
 Lymantria canariensis, Kenrick, 1914
 Lymantria capnodes, Collenette, 1932
 Lymantria carnecolor, Moore, 1888
 Lymantria carneola, Moore, 1879
 Lymantria castanea, Kenrick, 1914
 Lymantria castaneostriata, Kenrick, 1914
 Lymantria ceballosi, Agenjo, 1959
 Lymantria celebesa, Collenette, 1947
 Lymantria chosenibia, Bryk, 1949
 Lymantria chroma, Collenette, 1947
 Lymantria concolor, Walker, 1855
 Lymantria conspersa, Hering, 1927
 Lymantria costalis, Walker, 1865
 Lymantria cryptocloea, Collenette, 1932
 Lymantria curvifera, Walker, 1866
 Lymantria daraba, Wiltshire, 1952
 Lymantria demotes, Collenette,
 Lymantria destituta, Staudinger, 1891
 Lymantria detersa, Walker, 1865
 Lymantria dictyodigma, Collenette, 1930
 Lymantria didymata, Kenrick, 1914
 Lymantria diehli, Schintlmeister, 198?
 Lymantria dispar, Linnaeus, 1758
 Lymantria disparina, Hering, 1926
 Lymantria dissoluta, C. Swinhoe, 1903
 Lymantria diversa, Turner, 1936
 Lymantria doreyensis, Collenette, 1933
 Lymantria dubia, Kenrick, 1914
 Lymantria dubiosa, Aurivillius, 1894
 Lymantria dulcinea, Butler, 1882
 Lymantria ekeikei, Bethune-Baker, 1904
 Lymantria elassa, Collenette, 1938
 Lymantria epelytes, Collenette, 1936
 Lymantria eremita, Ochsenheimer, 1810
 Lymantria faircloughi, Holloway, 1999
 Lymantria finitorum, Collenette, 1931
 Lymantria flavicilia, Hampson, 1910
 Lymantria flavoneura, Joicey, 1916
 Lymantria formosana, Matsumura, 1911
 Lymantria fuliginea, Butler, 1880
 Lymantria fuliginosa, Moore, 1883
 Lymantria fumida, Butler, 1877
 Lymantria fumosa, Saalmüller, 1884
 Lymantria fusca, Leech, 1888
 Lymantria galinaria, C. Swinhoe, 1903
 Lymantria ganaha, C. Swinhoe, 1903
 Lymantria ganara, Moore, 1859
 Lymantria ganaroides, Strand, 1917
 Lymantria grandis, Walker, 1855
 Lymantria grisea, Moore, 1879
 Lymantria griseipennis, Kozhanchikov, 1950
 Lymantria griseostriata, Kenrick, 1914
 Lymantria grisescens, Staudinger, 1887
 Lymantria hadina, Butler, 1881
 Lymantria harimuda, Roepke, 1937
 Lymantria hemipyra, Collenette, 1932
 Lymantria hilaris, Voll., 1863
 Lymantria hollowayi, Schintlmeister, 198?
 Lymantria horishana, Matsumura, 1931
 Lymantria horishanella, Matsumura, 1927
 Lymantria hypobolimaea, Collenette, 1959
 Lymantria ichorina, Butler, 1884
 Lymantria idea, Bryk, 1949
 Lymantria incerta, Walker, 1855
 Lymantria infuscata, Okano, 1959
 Lymantria inordinata, Walker, 1865
 Lymantria iris, Strand, 1910
 Lymantria japonica, Motschulsky, 1860
 Lymantria joannisi, Le Cerf, 1921
 Lymantria kanara, Collenette, 1951
 Lymantria kebeae, Bethune-Baker, 1904
 Lymantria kettlewelli, Collenette, 1953
 Lymantria kinta, Collenette, 1932
 Lymantria kobesi, Schintlmeister, 1994
 Lymantria kolthoffi, Bryk, 1949
 Lymantria komarovi, Christoph, 1882
 Lymantria koreibia, Bryk, 1949
 Lymantria kosemponis, Strand, 1914
 Lymantria kruegeri, Turati, 1912
 Lymantria lacteipennis, Collenette, 1933
 Lymantria lamda, Collenette, 1936
 Lymantria lapidicola, Herrich-Schäffer, 1852
 Lymantria lateralis, Bryk, 1949
 Lymantria lepcha, Moore, 1879
 Lymantria leucerythra, Collenette, 1930
 Lymantria leucophaes, Collenette, 1936
 Lymantria libella, C. Swinhoe, 1904
 Lymantria loacana, Semper, 1898
 Lymantria lucescens, Butler, 1881
 Lymantria lunata, Stoll, 1781
 Lymantria lutea, Boisduval, 1847
 Lymantria lutescens, Aurivillius, 1920
 Lymantria lygaea, Bethune-Baker, 1908
 Lymantria maculata, Semper, 1898
 Lymantria maculosa, Walker, 1855
 Lymantria malgassica, Kenrick, 1914
 Lymantria marginalis, Walker, 1862
 Lymantria marginata, Walker, 1855
 Lymantria marwitzi, Grumb., 1907
 Lymantria mathura, Moore, 1865
 Lymantria matuta, Bryk, 1949
 Lymantria maura, Oberthür, 1916
 Lymantria melanopogon, Strand, 1914
 Lymantria metarhoda, Walker, 1862
 Lymantria metella, Fawcett, 1915
 Lymantria micans, Felder, 1874
 Lymantria microcyma, Collenette, 1937
 Lymantria microstrigata, Holloway, 1999
 Lymantria minahassa, Collenette, 1932
 Lymantria miniata, Grunb., 1907
 Lymantria minomonis, Matsumura, 1933
 Lymantria minora, van Eecke, 1828
 Lymantria mjobergi, Aurivillius, 1920
 Lymantria modesta, Walker, 1855
 Lymantria moesta, C. Swinhoe, 1903
 Lymantria monacha, Linnaeus, 1758
 Lymantria monoides, Collenette, 1932
 Lymantria mosera, H. Druce, 1898
 Lymantria mus, Oberthür, 1916
 Lymantria narindra, Moore, 1859
 Lymantria nebulosa, Wileman, 1910
 Lymantria neirai, Agenjo, 1959
 Lymantria nephrographa, Turner, 1915
 Lymantria nesiobia, Bryk, 1942
 Lymantria nigra, Freyer, 1833
 Lymantria nigra, Moore, 1888
 Lymantria nigricosta, Matsumura, 1921
 Lymantria ninayi, Bethune-Baker, 1910
 Lymantria nobunaga, Nagano, 1909
 Lymantria novaguinensis, Bethune-Baker, 1904
 Lymantria nudala, Strand, 1915
 Lymantria oberthuri, D. Lucas, 1906
 Lymantria obfuscata, Walker, 1865
 Lymantria obsoleta, Walker, 1855
 Lymantria oinoa, Collenette, 1956
 Lymantria orestera, Collenette, 1932
 Lymantria ornata, Oberthür, 1923
 Lymantria ossea, Toxopeus, 1948
 Lymantria pagon, Holloway, 1999
 Lymantria panthera, van Eecke, 1928
 Lymantria pelospila, Turner, 1915
 Lymantria pendleburyi, Collenette, 1932
 Lymantria phaeosericea, Mabille, 1884
 Lymantria plumbalis, Hampson, 1895
 Lymantria polioptera, Collenette, 1934
 Lymantria polycyma, Collenette, 1936
 Lymantria polysticta, Collenette, 1929
 Lymantria postalba, Inoue, 1956
 Lymantria postfusca, C. Swinhoe, 1906
 Lymantria praetermissa, Collenette, 1933
 Lymantria pramesta, Moore, 1859
 Lymantria pruinosa, Butler, 1879
 Lymantria pruinosa, Hering, 1927
 Lymantria pulverea, Pogue & Schaeffer, 2007
 Lymantria pusilla, Felder, 1874
 Lymantria rhabdota, Collenette, 1949
 Lymantria rhodina, Walker, 1865
 Lymantria rhodopepla, Felder, 1874
 Lymantria rosea, Butler, 1879
 Lymantria roseicoxa, Kenrick, 1914
 Lymantria roseola, Matsumura, 1931
 Lymantria rosina, Pagenstecher, 1900
 Lymantria rubroviridis, Hering, 1917
 Lymantria rufofusca, Mabille, 1899
 Lymantria rufotincta, Kenrick, 1914
 Lymantria russula, Collenette, 1933
 Lymantria rusticana, Hering, 1927
 Lymantria sakaguchii, Matsumura, 1927
 Lymantria semicincta, Walker, 1855
 Lymantria serva, Fabricius, 1793
 Lymantria servula, Collenette, 1935
 Lymantria sinica, Moore, 1879
 Lymantria subfusca, Schulz., 1910
 Lymantria subpallida, Okano, 1959
 Lymantria subrosea, Walker, 1855
 Lymantria sugii, Kishida, 1986
 Lymantria superans, Walker, 1855
 Lymantria takasagonis, Matsumura, 1933
 Lymantria todara, Moore, 1879
 Lymantria tsushimensis, Inoue, 1956
 Lymantria umbrifera, Wileman, 1910
 Lymantria umbrina, Moore, 1879
 Lymantria umbrosa, Butler, 1881
 Lymantria uxor, Saalmüller, 1884
 Lymantria variegata, Kenrick, 1914
 Lymantria vinacea, Moore, 1879
 Lymantria xylina, C. Swinhoe, 1903
 Lymantria yunnanensis, Collenette, 1933

Παραπομπές

Πηγές
 Ingram, R.: «Gypsy Moths (Lymantria spp.) Surveillance in Australia», DAFF mimeograph, 2010
 Pogue, Michael G. & Schaefer, Paul W.: A Review of Selected Species of Lymantria Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) from Subtropical and Temperate Regions of Asia, Including the Descriptions of Three New Species, Some Potentially Invasive to North America, 2007
 Schintlmeister, Alexander: The Taxonomy of the Genus Lymantria Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), 2004

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Λυμαντρια