Imai Yone

Imai Yone (今井よね, Yone Imai, 1897 – 1968) nopo nga songulun missionari Kristian om monontuduk Jipun ii nosiliu porintis koposolimbahan kamishibai ontok toun 1930-an. 

 Biografi 
Nosusu i Imai Yone ontok toun 1897 id Prefektur Mie, Jipun. Kuminaa isido id Tokyo montok sikul takawas ontok 1917 om nabaptis id kotumbayaan do Kristian ontok toun sumusuhut ontok umul do 21 toun. Au alaid om nolimpupusan o ponginabasan dau id Tōkyō Joshi Kōtō Shihan Gakkō, toi ko' Sikul Koonduan Toomod Tokyo i baino nopo nga nointutunan sabaagi Universiti Ochanomizu. Kopongo gampa pomogunan Great Kantō 1923, nokoruba isido do aktivis sosial Kristian Toyohiko Kagawa om minampayat monguhup do gampa pomogunan ii pinaanjul mantad Tokyo. Ontok toun 1926, minongoruhang isido dau kumaa Osaka montok momuruan do goos montok mongukab Misi Kojururawatan Friends of Jesus, toi ko' Furenzu obu jīzasu kango misshon.

Kuminaa i Yone do Amirika Sarikat montok minsingilo teologi id University of California om kumalaja sabaagi missionari solinaid do piipiro toun tumimpuun do 1927. Guminuli isido id Jipun pogulu toun 1931 om ontok dii no do minongukab misi Kristian om sikul Tiwang montok manahak kalas ii kosoruan do otindapou kiikiro limo nohopod tangaanak momogun. Au alaid mantad dii, nokotimpuun o kalaja dau solinaid piipiro dikad montok monurupu susuyan koposolimbahan teater wayaan do ugama i kitudu montok tangaanak. Kopolobusan disido diti nopo nga asaru popokito susuyan om kono mantad Pibatasan Laid Alkitab miagal ko Musa, Nuh om Daud.

Minidu pogun i Imai Yone ontok 1968 id Tokyo, om kopongo mondedikasi somboogian tagayo do koposion dau kumaa kamshibai om katekesis tangaanak Jipun.McGowan, Dr. Tara M. (2019-08-30). Chen, Minjie (ed.). "Gospel and War Propaganda Take to the Streets! The Rise of 'Educational Kamishibai' (教育紙芝居)". Cotsen Children’s Library, Princeton University (id boros Inggeris AS). Linoyog ontok 2022-11-12.
Kategori:CS1 Inggeris AS-language sources (en-us)

 Kamishibai 
Kamishibai toi ko' "koposolimbahan kalatas" nopo nga iso bontuk teator wawayaan Jipun di unik om nakaanu kointutunan id pialatan do timpu pisangadan toun 1930-an om somboogian tagayo nopo nga kalaja di Imai Yone. Songulun momoomohiok gaito kamishibai ("kamishibai pisuk wayaan") nopo nga kumaa do pogun diti mogowit do iso kutak kiginayo do kiikiro televisyen tokoro id dolikud do bosikol diolo om poonsoyon id pointongkop do wawayaan kakadayan montok momohiok tangaanak momogun i kosoruan koruhangan do puru paganakan di lobi otuo'. Kutak dii nopo nga kiwaa pomolumis gisom okitanan sabaagi do teator tokoro om pomilian slaid minturug kigambal ii milo posuangon om polobuson mantad jondila pogintangan di agayo tumanud do nuludan. Boogian doguang slaid nopo nga popokito linukis kigambal adegan di mogisuusuai om boogian likud i popokito skrip teks montok tonudon do momoomohiok, managak di nuru montok momusorou om popomilo do momoomohiok mogowit lobi ogumu susuyan id iso timpu. Ruhangan o slaid miampai koposolimbahan ekspresif do narator, sinding, tinulun tulun om prop i kaanu manahak koinganan kumaa mogiigintong montok popiamung koposolimbahan di kagayat om susuyan di kopiagal no do nuludan televisyen tangaanak moden. 

Naangar do 2,500 tulun i momonsoi koposolimbahan do inhopod sangadau id wawayaan Tokyo ontok toun 1933 miampai ginumu mogiigintong do osomok no iso juta tangaanak sangadau.Naoro, Adachi (2018-03-01). "Kamishibai Defined: A Core Topic of Modern Japan". Hoover Institution Library and Archives, Fanning the Flames: Propaganda in Modern Japan. Linoyog ontok 2022-11-11. Ontok timpak timpu kopongo pisangadan, kiikiro limo juta tulun mogintong do kopokitanan kamishibai id iso koiyonon id Jipun do tikid tadau. Kamishibai id pisuk wayaan tradisional nopo nga nosiliu do noiduanan zaman ontok 1960-an miampai kointutunan do televisyen ii di timpuunon nopo nga ointutunan sabaagi do denki kamishibai toi ko' "kamishibai lotirik". Sundung do laid no kamishibai wawayaan au nointutunan, nga nokotindohoi o kamishibai pondidikan di winonsoi di Imai Yone sabaagi kubu tagaras montok momohiok do tangaanak Jipun. 

 Pondidikan 
Nosiliu i Imai Yone sabaagi tulun koiso ii minumbal do kamishibai sabaagi kakamot monuduk do tangaanak kiikiro toun 1931. Soira nokopuriman do koingkurian monigoo id kaampayatan tangaanak id sikul Tiwang, tuminanud i Yone do tangaanak kumaa koposolimbahan om nokotilombus do nokopuriman gatang di milo patahakon maya inus maya do goos dakwah dau. Au alaid mantad dii, minimpuun isido do pongunsub koiso maya di nointutunan baino nopo nga sabaagi Fukuin Kamishibai toi ko' Gospel Kamishibai. Soira nouhot kokomoi goos dau id kinapamansayan koposolimbahan teater alkitabiah, minanahak isido do kointalangan totigas miagal id siriba:

Ideo' Yone montok popiamung pondidikan miampai prestasi kamishibai nopo nga nakalantoi om tangaanak nga nagayat miampai sunduan. Iti nopo nga timpuunon kamishibai pedagogi, toi ko' kyouiku Kamishibai. Montok mongunsub tulun suai do momonsoi kamishibai pondidikan, minonuduk i Imai do kasanangan akses di pogulu montok patahakon id bontuk inus. Milo wonsoyon o koposolimbahan id wayaan maya isai nopo di manu om kaanu mambasa do kad kigambal di milo wonsoyon momoguno kakamot omura' om agaan montok owiton id soira nopo timpu miampai do isai nopo.kanan|thumb|Koposolimbahan Kamishibai id Kiyomizu-dera ontok 2009.

 Inovasi 
Bagas di Imai Yone kumaa pamansayan kamishibai nopo nga minamagama kogumuan sarjana do sumuku dau sabaagi do "Johannes Gutenberg mantad kamishibai pondidikan Jipun."Naoro, Adachi (2018-03-01). "Kamishibai Defined: A Core Topic of Modern Japan". Hoover Institution Library and Archives, Fanning the Flames: Propaganda in Modern Japan. Linoyog ontok 2022-11-11. Kogumuan momoomohio do kamishibai nopo nga minomoli do slaid pra-nowonsoi mantad papalabus profesiona nga minamagaji i Imai Yone do artis montok mamagambal skrip di sinuat dau om asaru isido do mampayat montok monusui di winonsoi dau. Ontok toun 1933, pinapaanjul isido do sontinimungan momoomohiok ii lohowon do Kamishibai Missionaries toi ko' kamishibai dendō dan. Sundung do artikol nopo nga kontemporari mantad kopolobusan miagal ko Asahi Shimbun Tokyo ii minomboros maya negatif kokomoi kamishibai pisuk wayaan, ii popokito do ii nopo nga inus tulun mosikin, minomboros i Imai Yone do titik di kotunud nopo nga, ii nopo sabaagi do kagarasan dau. Osokodung dau do ii nopo nga okon bontuk do inus montok tinimungan elit do koulunan nga, ii nopo nga inus montok tinimungan id siriba no (loolobi do tangaanak) om mosikin id kakadayan di kosoruan au osonong montok pogintangan do pondidikan tradisional. Minoniwal nogi i Yone do kamishibai nopo nga inus di totos osonong montok monginsasamod mogiigintong tu' "ginawo di momoomohiok om mogiigintong nopo nga miiso" ontok koposolimbahan.

Pogulu suminuang i Imai Yone id tiiyonon kaantakan, koposolimbahan kamishibai nopo nga nokito maya slaid ilustrasi 5 x 7 inci (12.7 x 17.8 sm). Osiau no isido do minonginggayo do ginayo saiz standard dii do induo kumaa 10.5 x 15 inci (26.7 x 38 sm), i monigoo pinopoingkawas do ginumu maksimum tulun di kaanu mintong do iso koposolimbahan do insan. Pogulu diti, momoomohion nopo nga nuru tangaanak momoli do gula-gula pogulu mogintong koposolimbahan, nga montok id Imai Yone, aiso balayan do susuyan dau. Ahal diti nogi nga pinapanaru do koposolimbahan toomod mantad hopod slaid kumaa duo nohopod ii popoinggumu do tulun ginumuan mantad toinsanan taang umul om latar likud do mokinongou koposolimbahan kamishibai dau.McGowan, Dr. Tara M. (2019-08-30). Chen, Minjie (ed.). "Gospel and War Propaganda Take to the Streets! The Rise of 'Educational Kamishibai' (教育紙芝居)". Cotsen Children’s Library, Princeton University (id boros Inggeris AS). Linoyog ontok 2022-11-12.
Kategori:CS1 Inggeris AS-language sources (en-us)

Imai Yone nogi nga tulun koiso i minomoguno do litografi montok poposiau kapamansayan drama kamishibai, maya drastik om popoingkuri do kos kopolobusan om kos kumaa polanggan id proses dii. Artis di naanu Yone do kumalaja nopo nga sinuhu do momorulud ilustrasi diolo miampai rulud totuong om akapal moi do tangaanak di mirikau osodu nga kaanu mintong do imej.

Minomonsoi nogi isido do kamishibai id format do jurnal nosetak moi do' asanang mogowit kumaa koiyonon labus kakadayan om putulon om posokoton do omura mantad ko kadbod montok momonsoi slaid tomod. Soira nokokito do kalantayan pawagam om rodiu, minonogulu nogi i Imai do kopolobusan toruntip rolou kamishibai ontok tohuri 1930-an. Kiangkab isido do popotounda do gatang di kosudong miampai momoomoguno o toruntip drama tradisional kamishibai ii asaru posolimbohon do mimingkono pawagam Jipun di ointutunan

 Kopolobusan 
Ontok toun 1933, minoonodo i Imai Yone iso walai kopolobusan kingaran do Kamishibai Kankokai montok papaasil susuyan dau sondii id skala di lobi agayo. Osikap isido do minaganu lobi gumu artis montok popoingkawas ginumu om kualiti kamishibai di milo poosilon. Di timpuunon ii, momoomohiok kamishibai nopo nga moniwa set slaid di natantu mantad di Yone om nokotilombus kaanu popoingkuri kos miampai popisambalik do susuyan di miagal id pialatan do mogisuusuai momoomohiok id pointongkod do kakadayan Kopongo nokotounda do slaid montok bolion do monuunusui, milo onuon do iso set, duo nohopod miampai gatang di okuri mantad ko tolu yen. Ontok timpu dii, kogumuan media setak Jipun nopo nga lobi osodu o taang celik pimato tangaanak om rodiu gisom kaakan do kos lobi mantad do gajib sonwulan om gama dii, kos montok komishibai nopo nga nokotounda do lobi omura' o gatang mantad revolusioner montok kapatayadan media om ideo'.

Miampai minonogulu do pomogunoon litografi id proses kopolobusan komishibai, nakaanu i Imai do popointutun insatsu kamishibiai ((kamishibai poinsetak) kumaa kadai-kadai koizaai miampai kos di lobi osiriba. Ahal diti kaanu manahak kosiwatan kumaa molohing om monuunuduk toomod montok momoli drama montok koposolimbahan komuniti id walai, sikul om gorija diolo miampai gatang di kosudong. Pinapaasil nogi isido do susuyan insatsu kamishibai i nosetak id wotik oitom om opurak, kitudu montok tangaanak momowotik id walai.

Ontok toun 1933, pinapalabus isido do buuk Fukuin Kamishibai (Kamishibai gospel), i monokodung do koburuon pomogunoon teator id pondidikan. Pinapalabus nogi isido do iso buuk di lobi agayo i kiguno sabaagi panahangan lobi laab kokomoi kouyuuyoo do kamishibai id kalaja missionari om inus ontok toun 1934, kiuhu do Kamishibai no jissai (Realiti do Kamishibai). Piipiro toun potilombus, pinapalabus nogi isido kiikiro siam jilid kamishibai kokomoi susuyan Alkibat Pibatasan Wagu kiuhu do Koposion Jesus. Kasanangan kopolobusan di Yone nosiliu do walai kopolobusan rasmi do raan Tokyo montok Piisaan Kusai Kristian Tomulok ontok toun 1935.

Solinaid 1930-an, pinapalabus i Yone do lobi mantad limo nohopod drama kamishibai. Nopinsin isido mantad kapamansayan kamishibai nolimpupusan do Pisangadan Pomogunan II. Id siriba nopo nga kointayadan susuyan Alkitab di au poimponu i noilaan om nakalabus om nakadalin kumaa drama kamishibai mantad di Imai Yone:

 Damasuko tojō no Pauro (Paul on his way to Damascus), artis Yasuo Itakura, 1933.
 Shishiana no Danieru (Daniel in the Lion's Den), artis Yasuo Itakura, 1933.
 Kurisumasu monogatari (The Christmas Story), artis Yasuo Itakura, 1933.
 Aburahamu: Seisho monogatari (Abraham: Tales from the Bible), artis Hiroshi Miura, 1934.
 Kuwa no ki no Zaakai: Seisho monogatari (Zacchaeus of the Sycamore Tree), artis Hiroshi Miura, 1934.
 Yona monogatari (The Tale of Jonah), artis Hiroshi Miura, 1934.
 Yōji Mōse monogatari (Tale of Baby Moses), artis Yuzuki Kaoru, 1934.
 Yosefu: Seisho monogatari (Joseph: Tales from the Bible), artis Hiroshi Miura, 1934.
 Kami no hito Mōze (Moses, the man of God), artis Toshio Saito, 1939.
 Mōze: Kōkai o wataru (Moses: Crossing the Red Sea), artis Toshio Saito, 1939.
 Noa no kōzui (Noah's Flood), artis Hirasawa Sadaharu, 1939.
 Tane maki no hanashi (The Parable of the Sower), artis au noilaan, 1939.

 Propaganda 
Ontok kopotoundaan do Imperial Jipun misangod ontok toun 1930-an, nokokito o karajaan do potensi kamishibai sabaagi kakamot propaganda. Lobi omura om asanang do maganu dii montok papaasil slaid kamishibai mantad ko' mongoruntip om papatayad do filim toi ko' rodiu ii mogowit kumaa soginumu rikud koposolimbahan kamishibai ii pinasaga do karajaan.

Nippon Gageki Kyoiku Kyokai (Piisaan Pondidikan Kamishibai Jipun; toi ko' NGKK) nopo nga notoodo ontok toun 1932 i somboogian nopo nga mogintong subjek drama kamishibai. Minimpuun o NGKK do mongugut om popodosi do walai kopolobusan pondidikan natantu montok popointutun do agenda pro-pisangadan ontok Madas 1937, kohompit no i nasanganu di Imai Yone, monuunuduk Buddha Takahasi Gozan om artis Matsunaga Ken'ya. Sundung do pinopolombus ii Imai Yone do sinorou komunis om sosialis pogulu tohuri 1930-an, au noilaan o politik kopiipio dau. Ogumu tulun Kristian maya poingukab nakawaya do kasou pomoruhang id siriba Undang-undang pomiaraan Kotoronongon Jipun om ahal nopo diti kanto nga kokomoi kotounda diolo do monigoo montok manakadai do propaganda kokomoi sotol koulunan di nouruan montok mongilag do ponganiayaan toi ko' panjara kanto

Minimpuun i Yone do papaasil drama kamishibai ii kiula duniawi om oponsol montok koulunan miampai uhu miagal ko' kasalamatan wawayaan om kolidangan koizaai montok karajaan ontok pintangaan 1930-an ii nokosimban kumaa drama miampai misij kontontoraan om totalitarian di lobi atalang. Nippon Shokokumin Bukna Kyokai (National Association for Young Citizens' Culture) nopo nga notoodo do Piisaan Monguhup Pomorintaan Imperial ontok Milau 1940 montok mongunsub komulakan mampayat id goos pisangadan. Kohompit i Imai Yone miampai tinimungan organisasi kashimibai, i songulun mantad diolo nopo nga piipiro tulun i kitonggungan momuruan do pamansayan kokusaku kashimibai, toi ko' "national policy" kashimbai. Tinimungan Kashimibai dii nopo nga nokoinlaab gisom au nuru do tapisan tu' nakapaasil o karajaan om papatayad do pitiitikid pomoinan id pasaran. Koonduan tomulok nga notimbaba nogi montok goos pisangadan do monguhup pamansayan kashimibai om kumaa labus pogun montok momonsoi drama propaganda montok soginumu warga Jipun. Id siriba nopo nga pomilian tokoro propaganda kashimibai ii noilaan om winonsoi di Imai Yone:
 Ginō Sakubee, artis Kaseki Kyōgoku, 1941.
 Naman Shogun (General Naman of Ancient Syria), artis Kaseki Kyōgoku, 1941.

 Legasi 
Karya di Imai Yone id kamishibai maya potilombus nopo nga minamarahung do kogumuan tulun id gana dau, kohompit no di Takahashi Gozan, Uchiyama Kenshō, Matsunaga Ken’ya, om Saki Akio.Naoro, Adachi (2018-03-01). "Kamishibai Defined: A Core Topic of Modern Japan". Hoover Institution Library and Archives, Fanning the Flames: Propaganda in Modern Japan. Linoyog ontok 2022-11-11.
Solinaid piipiro dikad mimpuun ontok toun 1930-an gisom 1967, kyouiku kamishibai nopo nga nakatayad sabaagi iso abaabayan di totos oponsol montok tangaanak id Rulud Tonudon Pedagogi Komontirian Pondidikan montok Tadika.Ishiguro, Hiroaski. "Brief Sketch of Kamishibai" (PDF). Revisiting Japanese Multimodal Drama Performance as Child-Centered Performance Ethnography: Picture-Mediated Reflection on 'Kamishibai' (id boros Inggilis). Tokyo: Rikkyo University. p. 92.
Kategori:CS1 Inggilis-language sources (en) Pondidikan Kamishibai nopo nga kakal po pohoroon montok tangaanak id pointongkop Jipun nga kosoruan nopo baino nga poimbida montok tangaanak id taang do prasikul om tadika.Dym, Jeffery A. (2007). "Kamishibai, What is it? Some Preliminary Findings" (PDF). Kamishibai. Linoyog ontok 2022-11-11. Gisom 2022, koposolimbahan kamishibai ii kipondidikan nogi nga kosoruan pokitonon id porpustakaan, walai panamangan om festival montok mogiigintong id potiitikid umul.Orhan, Egzi (2022-07-23). "Kamishibai: Japon Sokak Tiyatrosu". Karnavalesk (id boros Turki). Linoyog ontok 2022-11-11.
Kategori:CS1 Turki-language sources (tr)

 Koleksi 
Iso filim toniba 2012 kiuhu Die For Japan: Wartime Propaganda Kamishibai ii nosuhu do Jeffrey Dym, profesor sajara id California State University, Sacarmento, kuminaa pomogunoon Jipun kamishibai om popokito do inovasi ii sinogulu di Imai Yone. Pomoduo filim di nopo nga nokoopi om okito do hiti. Kiwaa piipiro pomoduo gambal kamishibai Yone ii noilaan do kakal po pointindohoi sundung do Porpustakaan Tangaanak Cotsen id Universiti Princeton id New Jersey nopo nga kiwaa lobi sondozon poomitanan karya dau id pialatan do koleksi diolo.McGowan, Dr. Tara M. (2019-08-30). Chen, Minjie (ed.). "Gospel and War Propaganda Take to the Streets! The Rise of 'Educational Kamishibai' (教育紙芝居)". Cotsen Children’s Library, Princeton University (id boros Inggeris AS). Linoyog ontok 2022-11-12.
Kategori:CS1 Inggeris AS-language sources (en-us) Piipiro karya om buuk asli dau nga noigitan do Porpustakaan om Arkib Institusi Hoover id Universiti Stanford id California.Naoro, Adachi (2018-03-01). "Kamishibai Defined: A Core Topic of Modern Japan". Hoover Institution Library and Archives, Fanning the Flames: Propaganda in Modern Japan. Linoyog ontok 2022-11-11.

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