Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan (Boros Kazakh : Qazaqstan, juga dalam tulisan Arab: قازاقستان‎ disebut [qɑzɑqˈstɑn] ; Rusia: Казахстан, tr. Kazakhstan, IPA: [kəzɐxˈstan]) toi ko' ngaran di poimbantug nopo nga Republik Kazakhstan (Bahasa Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы, tr. Qazaqstan Respublikasy; Rusia: Республика Казахстан, tr. Respublika Kazakhstan) nopo nga pogun aiso rahat di agayo, om pogun ko siam ii aagayo id pogun miampai ginayo 2,724,900 kilometer persegi (1,052,100 bt2). Kazakhstan nopo nga pogun di haro ekonomi tagayo id Asia Tenggara ii kaanu do 60% KDNK pogun di lolobi maya industri miyak om gas suai ko ogumu koonuan do mineral. Haro koboros do Kazakhstan sabaagi pogun Eropah tu kinoiyonon kotonobon Kazakhstan nopo nga id benua Eropah om nokogonop do kooturan Majli Eropah montok sumuang id Eropah.

 Etimologi 
Boros Inggilis Kazakh, nopo nga kirati do sorupu mantad tongoulun do Kazakh, i naanu mantad boros Russia: казах. Ngaran sandad nopo nga қазақ, qazaq. Naanu kanto mantad do boros maan Turki qaz-, i kirati 'mansau', popokito koubasan nomad tongoulun do Kazakh. IstilaCossack nogi nga mantad dilo.

Id toud Turko-Persia nokoimbulai o istila Özbek-Qazaq ontok pintangaan abad ko-16 id Tarikh-i-Rashidi mantad di Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, songulun randari Chagatayid mantad Kashmir, i popoiliu Kazakh id boogian kosilahon Desht-i Qipchaq. Tumanud di Vasily Bartold, tinumimpuun kanto tongoulun Kazakh do momoguno ngaran dilo ontok abad ko-15.

Sundung pia sumuku maya tradisional o istila Kazakh kumaa tinaru Kazakh, kohompit no i poingiuon id Cina, Rusia, Turki, Uzbekistan om sombol pogun suai, asaru gunoon o istila diti montok sumuku kumaa isai-isai nopo mion id Kazakhstan, kohompit no mogiigion mantad tinaru suai. Id boros Kazakh, lohoon o pogun diti do Qazaqstan id skrip Latin.

 Sajara 
Noi'on o Kazakhstan mantad di timpu Paleolitik po. Koubasanan Botai (3700–3100 BC) nopo nga noonuan do kredit sabaagi kumoiso di koilo papalaya do kuda. Populasi Botai nopo nga nakaanu soboogian tagayo do sakag diolo mantad populasi di kipionitan miampai Eropah purba, i oilaan sabaagi Tulun Eurasia Koibutan Purba, daamot popokito tokuri piroloton genetik miampaiTulun Asia Kosilahon Purba. Pastoralism nopo nga nokoburu ontok timpu Neolitik. Populasi maso  Timpu Luyan om Timpu Basi nopo nga kiula' Kaukasoid.

Wilayah Kazakhstan nopo nga komponen tohontol id Rangkaian Perdagangan Steppe Route, tungkus kumaa Silk Roads. Kikotumbayaan o sorupu arekologi do tinumimpuun o tongoulun papalaya do kuda id kinoyonon gana kisakot di oliwas id rantau diti. Maamaso timpu prasajara, noi'on o Asia Tanga do tinaru miagal ko'koubasanan Afanasievo, i kisakag Indo-Eropah kantoAccording to Allentoft et al. (2015) and Haak et al. (2015), om tinilombusan do koubasanan Indo-Iran pogulu miagal ko' Andronovo, om koubasanan kaagu do Indo-Iran miagal ko' Saka om Massagetae. "Modern scholars have mostly used the name Saka to refer to Iranians of the Eastern Steppe and Tarim Basin" Tinaru suai poinghompit no tinaru Scythians om Empayar Achaemenid Parsi id wilayah kabaatan pogun moden diti. Koubasanan Andronovo om Srubnaya, i minopogulu kumaa tinaru Scythian, nopo nga noilaan do haro sakag mantad penggembala Steppe Yamnaya om tongoulun Neolitik Tanga Eropa Tanga.

Ontok toun 329 BC, Alexander the Great om tantara Macedonian nopo nga minisangod id Pisangadan Jaxartes sumangod do tinaru Scythian id Baang Jaxartes, di baino nopo nga ointutunan sabaagi Syr Darya id gontob kabaatan Kazakhstan moden.

 Intangai nogi 

 Outline of Kazakhstan
 Index of Kazakhstan-related articles
 Aurora Minerals Group


 Nuut 

 Sukuon 

 Pambasaan Sumusuhut 

 Cameron, Sarah. (2018) The Hungry Steppe: Famine, Violence, and the Making of Soviet Kazakhstan (Cornell University Press, 2018) online review 

 Nahaylo, Bohdan and Victor Swoboda. Soviet Disunion: A History of the Nationalities problem in the USSR (1990) excerpt 

 Rashid, Ahmed. The Resurgence of Central Asia: Islam or Nationalism? (2017)

 Smith, Graham, ed. The Nationalities Question in the Soviet Union (2nd ed. 1995)

 Noputan Labus 

 Caspian Pipeline Controversy from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
 Country Profile Archived 1 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine from BBC News.
 Kazakhstan Archived 9 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
 Kazakhstan Archived 4 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine information from the United States Department of State
 Portals to the World from the United States Library of Congress.
 Kazakhstan at UCB Libraries GovPubs.
 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan Archived 29 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
 World Bank Data & Statistics for Kazakhstan
 Kazakhstan Internet Encyclopedia Archived 22 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine
 Kazakhstan at 20 years of independence, The Economist, 17 December 2011 Archived 22 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine
 "Blowing the lid off" – Unrest in Kazakhstan, The Economist, 20 December 2011 Archived 1 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine
 The Region Initiative (TRI)


 Country Facts Archived 1 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine from Kazakhstan Discovery Archived 8 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine
 2008 Human Rights Report: Kazakhstan. Department of State; Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor
 Key Development Forecasts for Kazakhstan Archived 30 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine from International Futures.

Kategori:Pogun id Asia