Boros Finland

Finnish (endonym: suomi [ˈsuo̯mi] ⓘ or suomen kieli [ˈsuo̯meŋ ˈkie̯li]) nopo nga boros Finland id paganakan boros Uralic i gunoon do majoriti mogiigiyon Finland om etnik Finland id labus Finland. Boros Finland nopo nga iso mantad duo boros rasmi Finland om nogi boros Sweden. Goduuduo boros Finland id Sweden om Meankieli (i kiwaa pomorotian miagal di okito nopo nga boros Finland) nopo nga boros minoriti rasmi. Kven, miagal nogi do Meankieli nopo nga lobi orotian miampai do boros Finland, ii guugunoon id watas Troms om Finnmark Norway mantad do minoriti kiraha Finland.

Boros Finland nopo nga maya tipologi aglutinatif om momoguno do boros ponugku dohuri ii osomok no maya eksklusig. Boros ngaran, boros ula, boros ponowoliu ngaran, numbul om boros maan nopo nga simbanan tumanud poranan id panandatan. Panandatan toomod nopo nga kosoruan obontuk miampai nuludan hogot do subjek-boros maan-objek, sundung do momoguno infleksi do poinlaab ii milo uludan maya misuai.. Ortografi Finland nopo nga momoguno pimato skrip Latin i kinintodonon mantad pimato Sweden om fonemik id taang do tagayo. Rinaru vokal om konsonan nopo nga pisuayon, om kiwaa mogikaakawo diftong sundung do korontob o koharmonian vokal ii totos milo. 

 Klasifikasi 
Boros Finland nopo nga poinsuang id raan Finland mantad paganakan boros Uralic; mantad dii, ii nopo nga iso mantad piipiro boros Eropah ii okon boros Indo-Eropah. Raan Finland nogi nga kiwaa boros Estonia om piipiro boros minoriti ii guugunoon id posorili Rahat Baltik om id Republik Karelia Rusia. Tompinai tosomok nopo do Finland nogi nga Ingrian tumanud do komoyon, Karelian. Obontuk o noputan dialek Boros Finland miampai poomitanan, boros Finland om Estonia nopo nga au pitongkiadon do nombo-nombo isogloss tunggal om pitongkiadon maya dialek nopo nga mongondos do "Finland" mantad, ii noondos do "Estonian", sundung do goduuduo boros standard nopo di nga au milo rotion do miampayat.

Boros Finland nopo nga popokito piromutan miampai boros Uralic do suai (miagal boros Hungary om Sami) id piipiro bontuk aspek kohompit no:

 Miilang do morfologi:
 dohuri pimato tagayo miagal genitif -n, partitif -(t)a / -(t)ä ( < Proto-Uralic *-ta, mantad ablatif), essive -na / -nä ( < *-na, asalnya locatif)
 pananda jamak -t om -i- ( < Proto-Uralic *-t om *-j, soosondii)
 dohuri posesif miagal to tulun koiso tunggal -ni ( < Proto-Uralic *-n-mi), tulun kumo-2 tunggal -si ( < Proto-Uralic *-ti).
 mogikaakawo dohuri terbitan (poom. kausatif -tta/-ttä < Proto-Uralic *-k-ta)

 Tinimungan boros impohon nopo nga miilang do korespondensi tuni toomod miampai boros Uralic do suai (poom. kala 'ikan' ~ North Saami guolli ~ Hungarian hal; om kadota 'natagak' ~ North Saami guođđit ~ Hungarian hagy 'noiduanan (dolikud)'.

Piipiro teori nopo nga nokoimbulai kokomoi nintodonon geografi Finland om boros Uralic do suai. Pogintangan di totos ogumu nopo nga kitadon yolo sabaagi boros Proto-Uralic id iso kinoiyonon do talun boreal id toning do koiyonon Nulu Ural toi ko' selekoh Volga tanga. Kiis di ogirot montok Proto-Uralic nopo nga sokodungon do tinimungan boros toomod miampai kooturan id surat-menyurat tuni, tu fakta nopo nga kipiagalan o boros Uralic id suang struktur om puralan boros. Sundung kiwaa taburan geografi di mionsit, boros Finland om boros Sami nopo nga au mionit tosomok om hipotesis nod "Finno-Samic" taksonomi nopo nga misuai id kontroversi.

Institut Boros Portahanan id Monterey California, Amirika Syarikat nopo nga mongklasifikasi do boros Finland sabaagi boros taang III (mantad apat taang) id sogi do kopogonon minsingilo montok mimboros sandad do boros Inggilis.

 Kointayadan Geografi 
kiri|thumb|Boogian mombooboros boros Finland id suang populasi majlis porbandaran Finland ontok 2020.
kiri|thumb|Koiyonon id Tanga om Selatan Sweden miampai mogiigiyon i mimboros do boros Finland (2005).
Boros Finland nopo nga guugunoon do kiikiro limo juta tulun ii kogumuan poingiyon id Finland. Kiwaa nogi minoriti mimboros Finland di nointutunan id Sweden, Norway, Russia, Estonia, Brazil, Canada, om id Amirika Syarikat. Majoriti mogiigiyon Finland (90.37% ontok 2010[noinwoguan]) nopo nga mimboros Finland sabaagi boros koiso diolo. I wokon nopo nga mimboros doSweden (5.42%), iso boros Sami (miagal ko' Utara, Inari toi ko' Skolt) toi ko boros suai nopo nga boros koiso diolo. Boros Finland id Estonia nopo nga guugunoon sabaagi boros koduo do kiikiro 167,000 tulun. Varieti Finland di norubaan id Finnmark Norway (ii nopo nga Kven) om id utara Sweden (ii nopo nga Meankieli) kistatus boros minoriti rasmi om ondoson yolo do misuai mantad boros Finland. Sundung do ingkaa, gama do milo orotian goduuduo boros diti, sosongulun kaanu mogintong dii sabaagi dialek boros di miagal. 

 Status rasmi 
Baino diti, boros Finland nopo nga iso mantad duo boros rasmi Finland (iso nopo nga boros Sweden) om nosiliu boros rasmi Koisaan Eropah mantad di toun 1995. Sundung do ingkaa, au haro status rasmi do boros Finland id pogun dii ontok timpu pomorintaan Sweden ii nolimpupusan ontok toun 1809. Kopongo koponoodoon do Grand Duch of Finland, om kiponolikud do gura Fennoman id boros Fennoman, nakaanu o boros di do status rami id Finnish Diet ontok 1863.

 Dialek 
Dialek boros Finland nopo nga abaagi kumaa duo tinimungan di misuai, Barat om Timur. Dialek dii nopo nga somboogian tagayo di orotian om kopisuai mantad tiso om tiso miampai pisimbanan vokal, diftong om loyuk miampai no do pamansayan puralan boros di pinili. Montok somboogian tagayo, kioperasi o dialek id fonologi om puralan boros di miagal. Kiwaa poomitanan tokoro tuni toi ko' pamansayan puralan boros poimbida montok piipiro dialek om au haro id boros Finland standard. Duo poomitanan nopo nga frikatif nipanan kirolou ii kiwaa id dialek Rauma om kiis nokolobi Timur.

 Slang Helsinki (Stadin slangi) 
Akaun poinsuat koiso di noilaan id slang Helsinki nopo nga mantad cerpen Hellaassa ontok 1890 mantad di Santeri Ivalo tomulok (hogot i au haro id suang to ko' nokosuai mantad, boros Finland standard i ginuno ontok zaman dii miampai pimato di akapal):Kun minä eilen illalla palasin labbiksesta, tapasin Aasiksen kohdalla Supiksen, ja niin me laskeusimme tänne Espikselle, jossa oli mahoton hyvä piikis. Mutta me mentiin Studikselle suoraan Hudista tapaamaan, ja jäimme sinne pariksi tunniksi, kunnes ajoimme Kaisikseen.

 Carta dialect do Finnish 

 Finnish dialects
 Western dialects
Southwest Finnish dialects
Proper Finnish dialects
 Northern dialect group
 Southern dialect group
Southwest Finnish middle dialects
Pori region dialects
Ala-Satakunta dialects
dialects of Turku highlands
Somero region dialects
Western Uusimaa dialects
Helsinki slang
Tavastian Dialects
Ylä-Satakunta dialects
Heart Tavastian dialects
Southern Tavastian dialects
Southern-Eastern Tavastian dialects
Hollola dialect group
Porvoo dialect group
Iitti dialect group
South Ostrobothnian dialects
Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects
Central Ostrobothnian dialects
North Ostrobothnian dialects
Peräpohjola dialects
Torne dialects ("Meänkieli" in Sweden)
Kemi dialects
Kemijärvi dialects
Gällivare dialects ("Meänkieli" in Sweden)
Finnmark dialects ("Kven language" in Northern Norway)
Eastern dialects
Savonian dialects
North Savonian dialects
South Savonian dialects
Middle dialects of Savonlinna region
East Savonian dialects or North Karelian dialects
Kainuu dialects
Central Finland dialects
Päijänne Tavastia dialects
Keuruu-Evijärvi dialects
Savonian dialects of Värmland (Värmland, Sweden and Innlandet, Norway; extinct)
South Karelian dialects
Proper South Karelian dialects
Middle dialects of Lemi region
Dialects of Ingria (in Russia)

 Poomitanan 
boros formalboros colloquial ratinuut  "he/she goes" "they go"loss of an animacy contrast in pronouns ( and  are inanimate in the formal language), and loss of a number contrast on verbs in the 3rd person ( is 3rd person singular in the formal language)"I, my, ..."various alternative, usually shorter, forms of 1st and 2nd person pronouns  "I'm coming" or "I will come" "I am" or "I will be"elision of sonorants before short vowels in certain Type III verbs along with vowel assimilation, and no pro-drop (i.e., personal pronouns are usually mandatory in the colloquial language)  "do you (pl.) have?" "don't you (pl.) have (it)?"vowel apocope and common use of the clitic  in interrogatives (compare  to standard Estonian confirmatory interrogative )"we don't say" or "we won't say"the passive voice is used in place of the first person plural"my book"lack of possessive clitics on nouns  "I don't know" "to eat"elision of  between vowels, and subsequent vowel assimilation (compare  to standard Estonian  or dialectal forms  or )"sixty-five"abbreviated forms of numerals  "red" "to time"unstressed diphthongs ending in  become short vowels, and apocope of phrase-final "probably will fix"absence of the potential mood, use of  'probably' instead
Kiwaa pisuayan di okito kopio id pialatan do dialek. Boros formal do hiti nopo nga komoyon boros di gunoon id suang majlis-majlis formal nga boros standard di au nokoimbulai maya praktikal nopo nga okito id bontuk ponuatan.

 Fonologi 

 Fonologi segmen 
Inventori fonem boros Finland nopo nga sederhana okoro, miampai ginumu segmen vokal di ogumu om set kawo konsonan di kirontob, om goduuduo nopo nga milo ponoruon om ponibaon.

 Segmen vokal 
Monoftong Finland nopo nga popokito walu kualiti vokal di misuai id suang tempoh. Alofoni vokal nopo nga kirontob. Toinsanan vokal nopo nga aanu id goduuduo putul boros gulu om okon gulu, au mintong anaru toi ko' oniba. Vokal tanaru om toniba nopo nga okito id siriba.
DoguangDolikudAu buluguonBuluguonAntabani iːy yːu uːPintangaane eːø øːo oːUkabonæ æːɑ ɑː
Kualiti vokal tanaru nopo kogumuannya mionsit miampai kualiti vokal toniba, suai ko u, ii kilongkod miampai do uu; vokal tanaru au kosimban sumiliu diftong. Kiwaa hopod om walu diftong; miagal vokal, diftong nogi nga au haro alofoni di okito kopio.

 Konsonan 
Boros Finland nopo nga kiinventori konsonan di okoro miampai rolou nopo nga kogumuan okon sondii om frikatif nopo nga au asaru. Id jadual id siriba, konsonan id bracket au mintong id piipiro pagalasan baino toi ko' alofon montok fonem suai.
LabialDental/AlveolarPostalv./PalatalVelarGlottalNasalmnŋPlosiveaiso roloupt̪kkirolou(b)d(ɡ)Fricative(f)s(ʃ)hApproximantʋljTrillr

 Prosodi 
Kouyuuyuon boros Finland (kiwaa id piipiro boros Uralic suai) nopo nga keharmonian vokal om morfologi aglutinatif; tu' pomogunoon poinlaab do tohuri, hogot nopo nga kosiliu do anaanaru.

Panatalan gulu nopo nga toriirimo id putul boros koiso om id pibarasan di polombuson miampai momoruhang lobi kurang 100 ms lobi anaru mantad vokal di pinosotol. Panatalan nopo nga au monimban di milo tukuon id kualiti vokal (au miagal do boros Inggilis). Sundung do ingkaa, au opurimanan o panatalan di ologod om hogot-hogot di okito. Id piipiro kiis, panatalan nopo nga olumoyo gisom titik takawas volum, pic om popoopokito suai nopo nga "intensiti artikulasi" nopo nga okon ko id putul boros koiso, sundung do mombooboros sandad nopo nga mongiktiraf do putul boros koiso sabaagi panatalan. 

 Morfonologi 
Boros Finland nopo nga kiwaa proses morfonologi di nuru ponimbanan bontuk hogot montok pibarasan tikid tadau. Proses di toponsol kopio nopo nga keharmonian vokal om ponggredan konsonan.

 Ortografi 
kiri|thumb|Bolikan koiso do Abckiria (1543), buuk koiso i sinuat id boros Finland. Ijaan boros Finland id buuk diti nopo nga kiwaa ogumu au konsisten miagal ko', /k/ tuni nopo nga oobian do ⟨c⟩, ⟨k⟩ om nogi ⟨g⟩; /uː/ om /iː/ nopo nga noobian do ⟨w⟩ om ⟨ij⟩ sondii, /æ/ om noobian do ⟨e⟩.

 Puralan boros 
kiri|thumb|Poomitanan kopogikaakawahan infleksi Finland.
Boros Finland nopo nga boros Sintetik ii momoguno aglutinasi ekstensif ponugku kumaa boros maan, boros ngaran, boros ula om numbul. Sundung do ingkaa, boros Finland maya koizaai nopo nga ondoson sabaagi polisintetik, nisbah-morfem-kumaa-hogot nopo nga osiriba mantad boros polisintetik prototaip.(e.g., Yup'ik)

 Leksikon 
+Poomitanan dohuri terbitan boros Finland id boros ngaranSuffixUsed to create...Example(s)Notes -ja / -jäagents from verbslukea 'to read' → lukija 'reader' -sto / -stöcollective nounskirja 'a book' → kirjasto 'a library'
laiva 'a ship' → laivasto 'navy, fleet' -ininstruments or toolskirjata 'to book, to file' → kirjain 'a letter' (of the alphabet) 
vatkata 'to whisk' → vatkain 'a whisk, mixer' -uri / -yriagents or instrumentskaivaa 'to dig' → kaivuri 'an excavator'
laiva 'a ship' → laivuri 'shipper, shipmaster' -os / -ösresult nouns from verbstulla 'to come' → tulos 'result, outcome'
tehdä 'to do' → teos 'a piece of work' -ton / -tönadjectives indicating the lack of somethingonni 'happiness' → onneton 'unhappy'

koti 'home' → koditon 'homeless' -kas / -käsadjectives from nounsitse 'self' → itsekäs 'selfish'

neuvo 'advice' → neuvokas 'resourceful' -va / -väadjectives from verbstaitaa 'to be able' → taitava 'skillful'
johtaa 'to lead' → johtava 'leading' -llinenadjectives from nounslapsi 'child' → lapsellinen 'childish'
kauppa 'a shop, commerce' → kaupallinen 'commercial' -la / -lälocations (places related to the stem)kana 'a hen' → kanala 'a henhouse'
pappi 'a priest' → pappila 'a parsonage' -lainen / -läineninhabitants (of places), among othersEnglanti 'England' → englantilainen 'English person/thing'
Venäjä 'Russia' → venäläinen 'Russian person or thing'.formed from -la / -lä plus -inen
 (kopodolinan mantad di Liesl Yamaguchi's 2015 "Unknown Soldiers")

 Kopolombusan om frasa impohon 
kiri|thumb|Sampel tuni do Hyvää huomenta
FinlandKopodolinanNuutPonuau suau(Hyvää) huomenta!Sonong kosuabon(Hyvää) päivää!Alansan do osonong tadau nu!gunoon ontok monuau suau om nogi soira mitongkiad.(Hyvää) iltaa!Sonong sodoponused on greeting and also when taking farewellHyvää yötä!
Öitä!Sonong totuongTervelit. 'Olidas!'Used on greeting, modified as Terve vaan! ('health continue!')Moro
Hei(ppa)

Moi(kka)Kopisanangan! Logot-logot!Used on greeting and also when taking farewellMoi moi!
Hei hei!Hino po!Used when taking farewellNähdäänKoruba kaagu!Lit. the passive form of nähdä 'to see'NäkemiinHino ko po!Lit. 'Until seeing', illative of the third infinitiveHyvästiHino ko no!Hauska tutustua!
Hauska tavata!Osonong nokoruba dika!Hauska tutustua is literally 'nice to get acquainted', and
hauska tavata is literally 'nice to meet'Mitä kuuluu?
Miten menee?Poingkuro ko no?Mitä (sinulle/teille) kuuluu is literally 'what (to you) is heard?' or 'what concerns you?'Kiitos hyvää
Kiitos hyvinOsonong, pounsikouKiitos hyvää is an appropriate response to Mitä kuuluu?, whereas
Kiitos hyvin is an appropriate response to Miten menee?Tervetuloa!Miagal!Tervetuloa is used in a broader range of contexts in Finnish than in English;
for example to mean 'looking forward to seeing you' after arranging a visitHogot toponsol om frasaAnteeksiTalib poKiitos
KiitoksiaKounsikou/Milo?Kiitos/kiitoksia nopo maya literal "pounsikou" nga oguno nogi soira mokianu iso-iso ahal miagal ko 'uhupai/milo" ka id boros Kadazandusun.Kiitos, samoinPounsikouLit. 'pounsikou' (gunoon sabaagi ponimbar kumaa mogunsikou.Ole hyväMiagal!KylläHoo'JooHoo'EiOkonVoitko auttaa?Milo ko monguhup?Apua!Uhupai!Totta kai!
Tietysti!

Toki!Milo bo!(Paljon) onneaBa maan no! 
BayahanOlen pahoillaniSiou kiOdotaDapoPieni hetki
Pikku hetki

HetkinenKadapo ki.Otan osaaSiou mantad doho.(Minä) ymmärrän.Karati oku.En ymmärrä.Au oku karati.SuomiFinlandSuomi
Suomen kieliFinnish (boros)Suomalainen(noun) Finn; (adjective) Finnish

 Influence on Tolkien 
Profesor J. R. R. Tolkien, sundung do nointutunan sabaagi monuunuat, kikaanangan isio do poinralom id boros mantad di tokoro po om nosiliu puru fiologi profesional maya nosiliu Profesor do Anglo-Saxon id Oxford University. Pinolombus disio do koinsan nogi nokoruba do Finland:

 "lmiagal ko nokoruba linimput saralom tana wain ii poimponu miampai butul wain di osonong kopio mantad kawo om roso di au insan noumbalan pogulu di gisom do pinapauk doho..."

 Pambasaan potilombus 





 Noputan labus 

 Collection of Finnish bilingual dictionaries
 FSI Finnish Language Course (Public Domain)
 Finnish phrases for beginners (Public Domain)

 Sukuon