Caz

Caz, yew muziko ke eyaletanê verocê Amerika ra veciya. Caz verê serranê 1900an de dest pêkerdo veco û game be game biyo hera. Muzikê cazi de notay, senkopi, swingi, ritimê zafıni û vatışê randami gırwenê. Raver muzikê Afrika-Amerika û Ewropa kerdê têmiyan û caz veto.

Rıçıkê cazi, muzikê roşananê Afrikaê rohani, blues, ragtime û muzikê Ewropa, bilxasa muzikê (bando) ordiyanê Ewropa ra reseno ewro. Caz tewr verên 1880an de New Orleans de leyri day û 1920an de zi resa New York, Los Angeles û Chicago. Tiya qeydê peyêni kerdi, cazi zi şekılê xoyo peyên gırewt.

 Referansi 
 Litweiler, John (1984). The Freedom Principle: Jazz After 1958. Da Capo. ISBN 978-0-306-80377-2.
 Joachim Ernst Berendt, Günther Huesmann (Bearb.): Das Jazzbuch. 7. Auflage. S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 2005, ISBN 3-10-003802-9
 Burns, Ken, and Geoffrey C. Ward. 2000. Jazz—A History of America's Music. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Also: The Jazz Film Project, Inc.
 Levine, Mark (1995). The Jazz theory book. Petaluma, CA: Sher Music. ISBN 978-1-883217-04-4.
 Cooke, Mervyn (1999). Jazz. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20318-7..
 Carr, Ian. Music Outside: Contemporary Jazz in Britain. 2nd edition. London: Northway. ISBN 978-0-9550908-6-8
 Collier, James Lincoln. The Making of Jazz: A Comprehensive History (Dell Publishing Co., 1978)
 Dance, Stanley (1983). The World of Earl Hines. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80182-5. Includes a 120-page interview with Hines plus many photos.
 Davis, Miles. Miles Davis (2005). Boplicity. Delta Music plc. UPC 4-006408-264637.
 Downbeat (2009). The Great Jazz Interviews: Frank Alkyer & Ed Enright (eds). Hal Leonard Books. ISBN 978-1-4234-6384-9
 Elsdon, Peter. 2003. "The Cambridge Companion to Jazz, Edited by Mervyn Cooke and David Horn, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Review." *Frankfürter Zeitschrift für Musikwissenschaft 6:159–75.
 Giddins, Gary. 1998. Visions of Jazz: The First Century. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-507675-3
 Gridley, Mark C. 2004. Concise Guide to Jazz, fourth edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-182657-3
 Nairn, Charlie. 1975. Earl 'Fatha' HInes: 1 hour 'solo' documentary made in "Blues Alley" Jazz Club, Washington DC, for ATV, England, 1975: produced/directed by Charlie Nairn: original 16mm film plus out-takes of additional tunes from that film archived in British Film Institute Library at bfi.org.uk and http://www.itvstudios.com: DVD copies with Jean Gray Hargrove Music Library [who hold The Earl Hines Collection/Archive], University of California, Berkeley: also University of Chicago, Hogan Jazz Archive Tulane University New Orleans and Louis Armstrong House Museum Libraries.
 Peñalosa, David (2010). The Clave Matrix; Afro-Cuban Rhythm: Its Principles and African Origins. Redway, CA: Bembe Inc. ISBN 978-1-886502-80-2.
 Schuller, Gunther (1968). Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development. New York: Oxford University Press. New printing 1986.
 Schuller, Gunther. 1991. The Swing Era: The Development of Jazz, 1930–1945. Oxford University Press.



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