Witchcraft in Ghana

Soɔloŋ Ghana Poɔ 
Soɔloŋ e la bone kaŋa naŋ be a African paaloŋ ane a tembilii naŋ be a Sub- Saharan  AfricaRedding, Sean (26 March 2019), "Witchcraft in Africa: Political Power and Spiritual Insecurity from the Precolonial Era to the Present", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.441, ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4, retrieved 13 August 2023 poɔ.  O e la bone kaŋa naŋ taa tɔnɔ a ko Ghana noba, ba saaŋkonnoŋ, sagedeebo ane nyɔvooroŋ poɔ."WITCHCRAFT AND WITCH CAMPS IN GHANA: UNDERSCORING THE SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF WITCHCRAFT ACCUSATIONS- Dr MATTHEW MABEFAM". The Readers Hub. 21 August 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2023.  O e yele kaŋa naŋ leɛrɛ noba nyɔoɛ bebiri zaa kyɛ meŋ la iri bee zɛge ba saaŋkonnoŋ ka yuori ka o do saa, dabeɛ, zɔɔre, seeloŋ sagedeebo. A soɔloŋ sagedeebo e la tɛɛtɛɛ a Ghana irigiŋ poɔ, ane  paaloŋ mine naŋ be a  Africa poɔ. A yeli na naŋ e bone naŋ pore a tenne ama zaa poɔ la o ba e bone kaŋa fo naŋ nyɔge gyɛkɛllɛ, a yelbiri yaare la wieŋ ka banaŋ wa nyɛ neɛkaŋa a yeli ka o soba e la soɔbo bee erɛ la soɔbo e ere. Gbɛdegere na a gɔbenɛnte na maŋ de kyaare ne soɔloŋ yɛlɛ a irigiŋ poɔ maŋ e la tɛɛtɛɛ.  African saaŋkonnoŋ puoru poɔ, banaŋ de la soɔloŋ ka o e bone naŋ na baŋ e boŋ soŋ kyɛ naŋ e bonfaa a irigiŋ poɔ.Benyah, Francis (2017). "Equally able, differently looking: discrimination and physical violence against persons with albinism in Ghana". Journal for the Study of Religion. 30 (1): 161–188. doi:10.17159/2413-3027/2017/v30n1a7. ISSN 2413-3027.

Soɔloŋ e la bone kaŋa naŋ be a Ghana saaŋkonnoŋ poɔ, ka fooŋ na leɛ peɛre gaa puori a na nyɛ yuomo na o naŋ piili, a pare la yuomo turi ne dɔgelɔ, sɛre a nempele naŋ da de a teŋɛ ka Africa  noba leɛ gbaŋgbaa a tona gbaŋgba toma, kyɛ a wagere na zaa poɔ soɔloŋ da bebe. A wa tɔ zenɛ, soɔloŋ naŋ bebe  noba nyɔvoɛ poɔ ka ba de ŋmaara ne taa zɔɔre. Gbɛɛ yaga pɔgeba la ka maŋ nyɛ ka ba e soɔbo, ka noab bata banaare na are a yeli soɔloŋ yɛlɛ kyɛ pɔge la na daŋ de weɛŋ ba naŋ na boɔle soɔbo, a yaga zie maŋ baare ne la ka ba baŋ sɔgele ko neɛ bee a ŋmaa o soba kɔkɔre gyamaa poɔ. Soɔloŋ maŋ baŋ tu la yɛlɛ yaga poɔ neɛ naŋ koŋ baŋ yeli, a maŋ taa la tɛɛtɛɛ a yi Ghana tembilii te gaa ŋa a Tuure paaloŋ poɔ, a Tuure paaoŋ ba peɛre la a yelbiri ŋa nyɛ ka paati yɛlɛ poɔ la a poɔ pampana.

 Dakoroŋ Ane Saaŋkonnoŋ Yɛlɛ 
Soɔloŋ e la bone kaŋa na be Ghana saaŋkonnoŋ poɔ a koɔre , ka fooŋ na leɛ peɛre gaa puori a na nyɛ yuomo na o naŋ piili, a pare la yuomo turi ne dɔgelɔ, sɛre a nempele naŋ da de a teŋɛ ka Africa  noba leɛ gbaŋgbaa a tona gbaŋgba toma, kyɛ a wagere na zaa poɔ soɔloŋ da bebe.  Peɛro wuli la lɛ noba naŋ sage ka siɔloŋ sereŋ be la Ghana poɔ. Senselloŋ yaga bebe a kyaare ne soɔloŋ yɛlɛ a Ghana poɔ kyɛ, gbɛɛ yaga, gama poɔ, sinii poɔ,ane magazineMensah Adinkrah (2015), "Witchcraft Beliefs in Ghana", Witchcraft, Witches, and Violence in Ghana, Berghahn Books, pp. 53–107, doi:10.2307/j.ctt9qcswd.7, ISBN 978-1-78238-561-5 poɔ la ka te maŋ nyɛrɛ enfuoni naŋ wulo soɔloŋ yeltarre.Roxburgh, Shelagh (31 December 2016). "Witchcraft and Violence in Ghana". Cahiers d'études africaines (224): 891–914. doi:10.4000/etudesafricaines.18387. ISSN 0008-0055.Shelagh Roxburgh naŋ peɛre o peɛroo wa bare o yeli ka bone zaa ba kyebe fo naŋ na baŋ are fo gbɛɛ poɔ kyɛ yeli ka soɔloŋ la ŋa. Kyɛ noba taa la yɛlɛ mine banaŋ maŋ nyɛ neɛ eŋɛ  a baŋ yeli ka o soba e la soɔbo. Ghana poɔ kyɛ, yeli pore ka ba maŋ de boɔle ne soɔbo la nenseɛ. Wagere a soba maŋ bare la o endaa ka o gaŋ a ba doɔnɔ doŋe zaa kyɛ ka o seɛ a yi gaa. Soɔloŋ e la teetɛɛ ne noba naŋ maŋ bamboo kaŋa a sonna ne baleba kyɛ bare ka ba de erɛ ne yelfaare.

Gbaŋgba toma da bebe Ghana poɔ, a mine da la kũũ tuobu, ane ɔne tẽẽ, a tẽẽ ama la ka noa da maŋ di ka banaŋ wa tuo kũũ ka o baŋ  teɛŋ nu a wuli neɛ naŋ ko o a yi soɔloŋ poɔ. A yɛlɛ ama da maŋ vɛŋ la ka ba nyɔge soɔbo kyɛ a tẽẽ na noba na maŋ de tone a toma taa la tɛɛtɛɛ, a mine la, a wuo o soba naŋ ko a neɛ pare gyamaa poɔ, bee ka ba koɔre o soba a ko a tuure paaloŋ deme ka o te toŋ gbaŋgba toma.Gray, Natasha (2001). "Witches, Oracles, and Colonial Law: Evolving Anti-Witchcraft Practices in Ghana, 1927-1932". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 34 (2): 339–363. doi:10.2307/3097485. JSTOR 3097485. PMID 18198526. A Native Administration Ordinance, bee NAO da ko la a Gold Coast sori a 1927 yuoni ka ba maŋ de soɔloŋ yɛlɛ a di ne a mɛrɛ sobie poɔ. A yi be puoriŋ soɔloŋ meŋ yɛlɛ paa da paale la a gɔbenɛnte mɛrɛ poɔ.

 Yielluŋ   
A yelzu soɔloŋ, e la bone kaŋa naŋ maŋ be yielluŋ poɔ gbɛɛ yaga, a be la Ghana saaŋkompare yielluŋ poɔ. A yelzu wombo yielluŋ poɔ maŋ wulo la yɛlɛ yaga saaŋkonnoŋ poɔ. Yiele a Akan poɔ  a kɔkɔre ŋa la e a Ghana kɔkɔrɛɛ kaŋa bɔrefɔ naŋ ba paale o poɔ kyɛ ka o meŋ yelluu pore a Ghana poɔ kyɛ.  Yiele gyamaa bebe naŋ maŋ yiele a kyaare ne soɔloŋ , a manna wulo yɛlɛ soɔloŋ erɛ aseŋ daa-nyu, ane kũũ. A yelfaare noba na maŋ de ko bee kyaare ne soɔloŋ wagere zaa vɛŋ la ka noba yaga taa dabeɛŋ ne soɔloŋ a Ghana saaŋkonnoŋ poɔ, a ŋaa maŋ vɛŋ la ka noba ŋmaara zɔɔre ne taa a maŋ nyɛ neɛkaŋa yelerre a teɛre ka o soba e la soɔbo. Soɔloŋ yɛlɛ yuo la noba yɛŋ ka ennoɔ ne yiele sɛgebo, duoro ŋmɛyaaro ne yielluŋ. A yelnyɔgeraa a kyaare ne soɔloŋ, ba naŋ de ko a mɛrɛ maale bee kaareba la ka ba la maale kaa a yelsoŋ na soɔloŋ naŋ taa a te saaŋkonnoŋ poɔ.

 Puoru 
2012 yuoni poɔ, WIN-Gallup International 'Religion ane Atheism Index', da male ka Ghana la paaloŋ poɔ la ka puoru yeltarre a pore a gaŋ ziezaa, peɛro wuli ka a tendaa zaa poɔ Ghana taa la 96% puoru yeltarre poɔ ka banaŋ la de weɛŋ paaloŋ zaa zu"Global Index of Religion and Atheism" (PDF). WIN- Gallop International. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2020.. Puou na naŋ pore a Ghana poɔ kyɛ la kristo puoru ane yɛre puoru, kyɛ a zaa taa la sagedeebo ka seɛ, sefaare ane soɔloŋ zaa bebe ba saaŋkonnoŋ poɔ. Yelkpɛtaa mine bebe a kyaare soɔloŋ a saŋa naŋ a nempeele naŋ da wa ane saŋa na a nempeele naŋ da ba wa sɛre. Tenne ana poɔ kristo puoru naŋ pore, a e la mɔlɔ fo naŋ na baŋ nyɛ kristo bisoŋ naŋ na baŋ zɔɔ ne soɔbo.

Roman Catholic mission a Ghana poɔ, ba sage ka neɛzaa naŋ poɔ ba puoru poɔ ka o biŋ tebɛ.  head father, K. Strebler naŋ yi Gold Coast da wuli la o teɛroŋ kyaare ne lɛ ba naŋ maŋ boɔle nobamine ka soɔbo, o manne ka o poɔ zaa la maŋ saaŋ ka onaŋ wa woŋ ba naŋ boɔlɔ neɛkaŋa ka soɔbo.  Father Strebler da tɔ la dabeɛŋ eŋ o noba ka neɛzaa, naŋ na gaa Suhum, ka o soba na nyɛ la dɔgeroŋ kaŋa bale. O yeli ko la dɔɔtare ka ka soɔloŋ da bebe, neɛ da koŋ maŋ toɔ a yeli ko o tɔ ka o e la soɔbo te nyɔvooroŋ poɔ. Malam mine ane Kristo puoribɛrɛ meŋ wuli la ba posaaŋ a kyaare ne noba naŋ maŋ boɔle ba tɔ ka soɔbo bee a kyaare noba naŋ boorɔ bɔgere bee a biŋ tebɛ.

 Noba mine bale (Ethnic groups) 
Kwahu noba a Ghana poɔ, la zeŋ Kwahu tɛŋkubu poɔ, ba sage na wuli ba teɛroŋ a kyaare soɔloŋ, ba da nyɔge la yelkaŋa a kyaare ne soɔloŋ a ba saaŋkonnoŋ poɔ, ba pãã yɔ la teŋɛa zaa poɔ a moɔlɔ a yelbiri a kyaare ne soɔloŋ. Ba da ba moɔlɔ a yɛlɛ kyɛ ba da ba e ka a saaŋ gbaŋgbale lɛ.Bleek, Wolf (December 1976). "Witchcraft, Gossip and Death: A Social Drama". Man. 11 (4): 526–541. doi:10.2307/2800437. JSTOR 2800437.

 Nenseɛ Biiri 
       Atikile meŋa : Nenseɛ Biiri

Biseɛ, a Ghana poɔ kyɛ o e la bibatoɔnaa naŋ taa beremɛ boɔrɔ a go ne omeŋa.Anas, Anas Aremeyaw (10 January 2013). "Spirit Child". Aljazeera.com. Retrieved 3 August 2021. Nembatoɔne a Ghana poɔ ba naŋ maŋ dɔge maŋ taa keõ kaŋa bale, sobiri na fo naŋ naŋ baŋ tu kyɛ toɔ koŋ ba nyɔvore la ka fo ba gaane kɔŋtɔmɔIssues in Sociology and Social Work: Aging, Medical, and Missionary Research and Application: 2011 Edition. ScholarlyEditions. 9 January 2012. ISBN 9781464966767. Retrieved 30 May 2017 – via Google Books. zie banaŋ yoŋ maŋ wuli lɛ fo naŋ na tu kyɛ ko a bibalaa  na. Kassena-Nankana district naŋ be a Northern Ghana poɔ,Allotey, Pascale; Reidpath, Daniel (1 April 2001). "Establishing the causes of childhood mortality in Ghana: the 'spirit child'". Social Science & Medicine. 52 (7): 1007–1012. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00207-0. ISSN 0277-9536. PMID 11266045. ba maŋ boɔle la Spirit Ɔhilderen ka chichuru bee kinkiriko.Gbɛɛ yaga a biiri bama maŋ yi la yiri na poɔ ba naŋ ba taa eebo.Bayat, Mojdeh (27 January 2014). "The stories of 'snake children': killing and abuse of children with developmental disabilities in West Africa". Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 59 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1111/jir.12118. ISSN 0964-2633. PMID 24467696. Kyɛ ka banaŋ wa baŋ ka a bie ŋa tɔ e la bisoŋ o ba taa dɔgeruŋ zaa ana wa yele o yideme.

 Zɔɔre banaŋ ŋmaa kyaare ne pɔgeba 
A yele ŋa e la  zɔɔŋmaa a kyaare ne pɔgeba ba naŋ maŋ boɔle ba ka soɔbo, duoro kaŋa da yi la ka ba maŋ feɛ, nyege, a mine kaŋa gba ka ba ŋmɛ ba soŋ ba naŋ e soɔbo zuiŋ.Smith, David (29 November 2010). "Ghanaian woman burned to death for being a 'witch'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2 April 2020. A zuiŋ pɔgeba yaga zie a Ghana poɔ kyɛ  zoro la dabeɛŋ ne banaŋ na boɔle ba ka soɔbo kyɛ ba maŋ sage ka ba na manne ba toɔraa a wuli ka ba ba e soɔbo. A boŋ naŋ so ka gɔbenɛnte a kpɛ a yelŋa poɔ la a kori te a tembɛrɛ poɔ noba yaga nyɛrɛ la dɔgeruŋ a yi ba naŋ maŋ boɔle ba ka ba e la soɔre.

 Soɔre Lammo zie 
Atikile Meŋa: Soɔloŋ lammo zie

Soɔre lammo zie e la zie a ko pɔgeba banaŋ gaa te bɔ sommo a go ba menne a yi naŋ boɔrɔ ba koobo . A soɔre lammo zie ŋa la bone na naŋ bebe a pare yuomo turi.Whitaker, Kati (1 September 2012). "Ghana's camps for 'witches' and widows". BBC News. Retrieved 2 April 2020. Saaŋkonnoŋ poɔ a soɔre lammo zie ŋa tindanas, bee namine la maŋ peere a pɔgeba ba ma taa a teŋɛ poɔ ka yelfaare zaa wa kpɛ a teŋɛ poɔ.A naq wa tc zenɛ, namine a kori poɔ la naŋ kaara ama mine, kyɛ ba maŋ zoro la dabeɛŋ bonso a gɔbenɛnte boɔrɔ ka o ko a yɛlɛ ama taaba zu.Peɛro wuli ka pɔgeba aŋa noba 1000 be la a soɔre lammo ŋa zie .FIDA da yi la a yeli ka soɔre lammo ziiri na zaanaŋ be Ghana lombori zaa  poɔ seŋ ka gɔbenɛnte pɔge a , ka bonso nensaaloŋ mɛrɛ poɔ a ba tu. A Ghana gɔbenɛnte da ŋmɛ la a yeluŋ ŋa fɛre. Kyɛ paa la maaleŋ biŋ mɛraa a kyaare ne soɔloŋ yeltarre.

 Zɔɔre faaroo Interventions     
1930 yuoni poɔ, duoro da ŋmɛ la yaare ziezaa ka a Gold Coast wagere na poɔ, pɔge kaŋa naŋ da be teŋɛ kaŋa ka ba boɔlo ka Winneba, a Ghana poɔ, a naa ne o noba fere la a pɔge ŋa ka o gaa a teŋɛ teebe zie ka ka a teebe na te peɛre a pɔge nyɛ bonso ba yeli ka a pɔge e la soɔbo.A teõ da e la kɔntɔmɔ naŋ be a Akan paaloŋ ba naŋ boɔlɔ ka Akyem Abukwa, a teõ ŋa da e bone na maŋ kaa nyɛ ka pɔge ŋa e la soɔbo bee ka o ba e kyɛ ka ba ŋmaara ziiri enne o.Neɛ naŋ da kaara teõ ŋa zu la e neɛ naŋ yi a ogo paaloŋ poɔ, o da ŋmaa la noɔ kɔkɔre a de lɔɔ teŋɛ. A lɛ a noɔ naŋ vare na wuli ka a pɔge e la soɔbo bee ka o ba e soɔbo. Ka a noɔ wa vare leɛ vɔgele muru, lɛ wuli ka pɔge ba e soɔbo.

Kyɛ ka a pɔge wa e soɔbo a lɛ a teõ naŋ wuli, a teõ na ko la a pɔge tee ka o nyu kyɛ zɛ ka o soɔloŋ na zaa baare. A  Akan kɔkɔre poɔ ba maŋ boɔle o la ka Bayi. A pɔge na banaŋ da nyɔge na peɛro da wuli ka a pɔge puoro la kristo puoru,A yeli ŋa da vɛŋ la ka a pɔge yideme de ka a yelŋa be pɔgeba zaa poɔ. Banaŋ da de o gaa ne a tongo teõ zie ka ka a teõ te peɛro nyɛ ka o e la soɔbo bee. Aneazaa ka a Tongo yi la a Gold Coast poɔ, a gɔbenɛnte pãã da de la faŋa na onaŋ ko a neɛ naŋ kaara a teŋgane.

Soɔloŋ paa da e yelkaŋa naŋ ba tu a 1930 nensaaloŋ mɛrɛ poɔ, a lɛ puoriŋ 1932 merɛ ba naŋ da leɛ maaleŋ kaa poɔ, amerɛ da la sage la bonso wagere mine wa ta la ka noba nyɛ ka ba maŋ te kpɛ a soɔloŋ ŋa ka ba toɔ nyɛ ba bomboɔraa. Zɔɔre pãã da le la naana maŋ wa ŋmaa neɛ sane boso noba yeli ka o soba e la soɔbo aneazaa ka a mɛra da ba yu a lɛ a namine naŋ erɛ. Pampana zie naŋ yuo, noba yuo la yɛroŋ a boɔle a yuori ka koŋ nyɛ tɔnɔ, ka a kaŋa la Gaa Yiri te nyɛ n noba, da laŋ yeli la biŋ ka noba banaŋ ba naŋ da boɔle ka soɔre ka ba naa leɛ gaa ba yie poɔ a te nyɛ ba yideme.

Ghana poɔ kyɛ, pampana ka fooŋ boɔle neɛ ka soɔbo a Ghana mɛraa na nyɔge fo la ka ŋmɛ sane."It is illegal to refer to anyone as a witch - Parliament". GhanaWeb. 29 July 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023."Ghana's MPs pass bill criminalising witchcraft accusation - TRT Afrika". trtafrika.com. Retrieved 12 August 2023.

Sommo Yizie