Kuri

Kuri e la mɔduŋo kaŋa naŋ maŋ toɔ kpɛ koɔ poɔ aneŋ gbaŋgbale, Kuri maŋ taa la pɛge naŋ maŋ e kpeɛŋaa ka o maŋ pɔge o eŋa zaa, kuri taa la gbɛ̃ɛ̃ anaare, kuri e la nɛne ako noba mine kyɛ ka o e noba mine meŋ yaabaa.
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Gbɛɛ yaga o kpԑzi-gyamaa la koɔŋ. O eɛ mɔdoŋaa nang taa gbɛɛ anaare, a taa pɛgere kaŋa nang pili pɔge a o eŋganne zaa. Noba ba nang na dang ɔɔ o nɛne kaa, yeli ka ka foo nang doge o nɛne, fo ba mang eŋ koɔŋ bonso o nɛne nang taa koɔŋ̍. Ba meng la yeli ka, ka o nɛne mang noma la yaga ka foo sereng doge o soŋ̍.

 Taxonomy 
A species taa la yelyuuri neng Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (2021)https://dx.doi.org/10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021 ane a Turtle Extinctions Working Group (2015).https://doi.org/10.3854%2Fcrm.5.000e.fossil.checklist.v1.2015

Family Testudinidae Batsch 1788https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Batsch

 †Alatochelon
 † Alatochelon myrteum
 Aldabrachelys Loveridge and Williams 1957:166http://biostor.org/reference/871
 Aldabrachelys gigantea Aldabra giant tortoise.
 A. g. gigantea Aldabra tortoise.
 A. g. arnoldi Arnold’s giant tortoise.
 A. g. daudinii Daudin’s giant tortoise.
 A. g. hololissa Domed Seychelles giant tortoise.
 †Aldabrachelys abrupta Late Holocene, extinct circa 1200 AD
 †Aldabrachelys grandidieri Late Holocene, extinct circa 884 AD
 Astrochelys Gray, 1873:4http://biostor.org/reference/59893
 Astrochelys radiata, radiated tortoise
 thumbAstrochelys yniphora, angonoka tortoise, (Madagascan) plowshare tortoise
 Centrochelys Gray 1872:5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortoise#cite_note-gray1872-34
 † Centrochelys atlantica
 † Centrochelys burchardi Tenerife giant tortoise
 † Centrochelys marocana
 † Centrochelys robusta Maltese giant tortoise
 Centrochelys sulcata, African spurred tortoise, sulcata tortoise
 † Centrochelys vulcanica Gran Canaria giant tortoise
 Chelonoidis Fitzinger 1835:112https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortoise#cite_note-fits1835-35
 † Chelonoidis alburyorum Abaco tortoise, Late Pleistocene, extinct c. 1400 CE
 Chelonoidis carbonarius, red-footed tortoise
 thumbChelonoidis chilensis, Chaco tortoise, Argentine tortoise or southern wood tortoise
 † Chelonoidis cubensis Cuban giant tortoisehttps://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=374950
 Chelonoidis denticulatus Brazilian giant tortoise, yellow-footed tortoise
 † C. dominicensis Dominican giant tortoisehttp://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?taxon=Testudinidae&submit=Search
 † Chelonoidis lutzae Lutz's giant tortoise, Late Pleistocene
 † Chelonoidis monensis Mona tortoise
 Chelonoidis niger Galapagos giant tortoise
 † Chelonoidis sellovii Southern Cone giant tortoise, Pleistocene
 † Chelonoidis sombrerensis Sombrero giant tortoise, Late Pleistocene
 Chersina Gray 1830:5
 thumbChersina angulata, angulated tortoise, South African bowsprit tortoise
 † Cheirogaster Bergounioux 1935:78
 †Cheirogaster gymnesica Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene
 †Cheirogaster schafferi Pliocene to Early Pleistocene
 Chersobius Fitzinger, 1835
 Chersobius boulengeri, Karoo padloper, Karoo dwarf tortoise, Boulenger's Cape tortoise
 Chersobius signatus, speckled padloper tortoise
 Chersobius solus, Nama padloper, Berger's Cape tortoise
 †Cylindraspis Fitzinger 1835:112 (all species extinct) following Austin and Arnold, 2001:
 †Cylindraspis indica, synonym Cylindraspis borbonica, Reunion giant tortoise
 †Cylindraspis inepta, saddle-backed Mauritius giant tortoise or Mauritius giant domed tortoise
 †Cylindraspis peltastes, domed Rodrigues giant tortoise
 †Cylindraspis triserrata, domed Mauritius giant tortoise or Mauritius giant flat-shelled tortoise
 †Cylindraspis vosmaeri, saddle-backed Rodrigues giant tortoise
 † Ergilemys Ckhikvadze, 1984
 Ergilemys bruneti
 Ergilemys insolitus
 Ergilemys saikanensis
 Geochelone Fitzinger 1835:112
 Geochelone elegans, Indian star tortoise
 Geochelone platynota, Burmese star tortoise
 Gopherus Rafinesque 1832:64
 Gopherus agassizii, Mojave desert tortoise, Agassiz's desert tortoise
 Gopherus berlandieri, Texas tortoise, Berlandier's tortoise
 Gopherus flavomarginatus, Bolson tortoise
 Gopherus morafkai, Sonoran desert tortoise, Morafka's desert tortoise
 Gopherus polyphemus, gopher tortoise
 Gopherus evgoodei, Sinaloan desert tortoise, Goode's thornscrub tortoise
 † Hadrianus
 Hadrianus corsoni (syn. H. octonarius)
 Hadrianus robustus
 Hadrianus schucherti
 Hadrianus utahensis
 † Hesperotestudo
 Hesperotestudo alleni
 Hesperotestudo angusticeps
 Hesperotestudo brontops
 Hesperotestudo equicomes
 Hesperotestudo impensa
 Hesperotestudo incisa
 Hesperotestudo johnstoni
 Hesperotestudo kalganensis
 Hesperotestudo niobrarensis
 Hesperotestudo orthopygia
 Hesperotestudo osborniana
 Hesperotestudo percrassa
 Hesperotestudo riggsi
 Hesperotestudo tumidus
 Hesperotestudo turgida
 Hesperotestudo wilsoni
 Homopus Duméril and Bibron 1834:357
 Homopus areolatus, common padloper, parrot-beaked tortoise, beaked Cape tortoise
 Homopus femoralis, greater padloper, greater dwarf tortoise
 Indotestudo Lindholm, 1929
 Indotestudo elongata, elongated tortoise, yellow-headed tortoise
 Indotestudo forstenii, Forsten's tortoise, East Indian tortoise
 Indotestudo travancorica, Travancore tortoise
 Kinixys
 Kinixys belliana, Bell's hinge-back tortoise
 Kinixys erosa, forest hinge-back tortoise, serrated hinge-back tortoise
 Kinixys homeana, Home's hinge-back tortoise
 Kinixys lobatsiana, Lobatse hinge-back tortoise
 Kinixys natalensis, Natal hinge-back tortoise
 Kinixys spekii, Speke's hinge-back tortoise
 Malacochersus Lindholm 1929:285
 Malacochersus tornieri, pancake tortoise
 Manouria Gray 1854:133
 Manouria emys, Asian giant tortoise, brown tortoise (mountain tortoise)
 Manouria impressa, impressed tortoise
 † Megalochelys Falconer, H. and Cautley, P.T. 1837.
 † Megalochelys atlas, Atlas tortoise, Extinct – Pliocene to Pleistocene
 † Megalochelys cautleyi, Cautley's giant tortoise
 Psammobates Fitzinger 1835:113
 Psammobates geometricus, geometric tortoise
 Psammobates oculifer, serrated tent tortoise, Kalahari tent tortoise
 Psammobates tentorius, African tent tortoise
 Pyxis Bell 1827:395
 Pyxis arachnoides, (Madagascan) spider tortoise
 Pyxis planicauda, flat-backed spider tortoise, (Madagascan) flat-tailed tortoise, flat-tailed spider tortoise
 Stigmochelys Gray, 1873
 Stigmochelys pardalis, leopard tortoise
 † Stylemys
 Stylemys botti
 Stylemys calaverensis
 Stylemys canetotiana
 Stylemys capax
 Stylemys conspecta
 Stylemys copei
 Stylemys emiliae
 Stylemys frizaciana
 Stylemys karakolensis
 Stylemys nebrascensis (syn. S. amphithorax)
 Stylemys neglectus
 Stylemys oregonensis
 Stylemys pygmea
 Stylemys uintensis
 Stylemys undabuna
 † Titanochelon
 †Titanochelon gymnesica (Bate, 1914) Balearic Islands, Pliocene
 † Titanochelon bolivari (Hernandez-Pacheco, 1917) (type) Iberian Peninsula, Miocene
 † Titanochelon bacharidisi (Vlachos et al., 2014) Greece, Bulgaria, Late Miocene
 † Titanochelon perpiniana (Deperet 1885) France, Pliocene
 †Titanochelon schafferi (Szalai, 1931) Samos, Greece, Miocene
 †Titanochelon vitodurana (Biedermann 1862) Switzerland, Early Miocene
 †Titanochelon kayadibiensis Karl, Staesche & Safi, 2021, Anatolia, Miocene
 †Titanochelon eurysternum (Gervais, 1848–1852) France, Miocene
 †Titanochelon ginsburgi (de Broin, 1977 ) France, Miocene
 †Titanochelon leberonensis (Depéret, 1890) France, Miocene
 Testudo
 Testudo graeca, Greek tortoise, spur-thighed tortoise, Moorish tortoise
 Testudo hermanni, Hermann's tortoise
 Testudo horsfieldii, Russian tortoise
 Testudo kleinmanni, Egyptian tortoise, including Negev tortoise
 Testudo marginata, marginated tortoise
Enfuomo

 Phylogeny 
A molecular phylogeny ko a Kuri, yele nang tuuro Le et al. (2006: 525):
TestudinidaeErgilemysManouriaGopherusIndotestudoTestudoMalacochersusCentrochelys sulcataGeocheloneGeochelone platynotaGeochelone elegansChersinaHomopusStigmochelysPsammobatesAldabrachelysPyxisAstrochelys radiataAstrochelys yniphoraKinixysChelonoidis
A separate phylogeny neng mtDNA yelpeԑre mine nang da yi kyaare Kehlmaier et al. (2021):
TestudinidaeManouriaGopherusTestudoIndotestudoAgrionemysMalacochersus†CylindraspisChersinaChersobiusHomopusPsammobatesStigmochelysAldabrachelysPyxisAstrochelysKinixysCentrochelysGeocheloneChelonoidis
A 2023 Kehlmaier meng da la nyԑ la yelpeԑre mine yi phylogeny te ko a 2021 one, nang da la ta wagre mine kyaare evolutionary distinctiveness ko a extinct Cylindraspis, kyɛ da la ta wagre mine a leԑ a Gopherus ane Manouria, nang vɛŋ Gopherus ko a basal genus.
Nimitoore kannoo




Ziiri mine lingkiri

 Family Testudinidae (Tortoises), The Reptiles Database
 : Conservation and care of turtles.
 Live Tortoise Stream : Live Tortoise Stream
Sommo Yizie