Berlin Conference

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A  Berlin Conference ang da piili 1884 a te to 1885 da waa la lambu a ku  colonial powers ang da baari bing telimaana a General Act of Berlin, The Belgian Congo and the Berlin act, by Keith, Arthur Berriedale, 1919, p. 52.  nuori‘yeni lambu a ku Eropean colonisation aning  trade ang be Afirika a kyaari ne paalijaani ‘suobu fanga taribu wogiri. paaluu pie aning anaahi a da lantaa e ana lambu na. Otto von Bismarck, ang da e chancellor fara a ku Germany, a da la buura ka o e Leopold II a ku Belgium a da sung ka ana lambu na e.h//www puo l. ka ba da waane a ya la kye ka a yala da yi yenge atNansaari chiuri  ayi daana a beri 

lije aning ayuobi  A Nansaari chiuri pie aning yeni daana a beri pie aning anu daar a yuoni 1884 puo a yi yenge a nansaari chiuri ayi daana a beri lijeri aning ayuobi daari a yuoni 1885  puo. A daari LA bang da bing telimaana ba ang Buona General Act.A General Act of Berlin yinii lesirihung vu a ku Afirik.https://web.archive.org/web/20230605205209/https://www.thepostil.com/in-defense-of-german-colonialism/  Nuba mine da taa la a General Act of Berlin na a dugiha ne taa. Bela da vein la ka nuba mine da dori gbang banginiba mine ka ba ta dogihila taa a te kyaari ne ba lambu nouri yen digibu yala ne.Katzenellenbogen, S. (1996). "It didn't happen at Berlin: Politics, economics and ignorance in the setting of Africa's colonial boundaries.". In Nugent, P.; Asiwaju, A. I. (eds.). African Boundaries: Barriers, Conduits and Opportunities. London: Pinter. pp. 21–34. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Review_of_International_Lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_note-Crowe-6A 2024  yuoni ne puo la bang ban ka paaluuhi ang be 

Congo yun la bang da di ing Afirika paaluu ning u to bogu ing’jie.https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003055424000054Wm. Roger Louis da ngmi fasani nye ka a Berlin Act waa la faa a ku Afirika. A lambu da wuli ye ka Afirika paaluu ba babulajaujaubuunhu.Daari na la bang waane babulajaujaubuunhu a Afirika puo. Ana wogiri ne a babu la jaujaubuunhu da waa buhu Ang na bang saan Afirika zaa. Ethiopia tuong nye jaujaubuunhu paani a yi Imperial Russia, ana jaujaubuunhu na da sung ka Ethiopia nye independence. A jaujaubuunhu  da begu Russian Revolution of 1917 .https://www.academia.edu/127828539/Ethiopia_and_Berlin_Keys_to_understanding_the_Ukraine_conflict/Dapo  Wogiri ne  European tuma yeli ang da baara ne la ka nuba da bura  Afirika mine bung kahaa tuntunbuunhu yagazaa.  A kahaa tuntunbuunhu  mine la  rubber, minerals, ivory, aning cotton.  Afirikan daahi zemaa zaa  da vein la ka  European paaluuhi a koɔre ba bung maalihi ba daa pɔo. A Berlin lambu da wuli ye ka ba nu so paaluuhi ne zaa ang tari bung kahaa tuntunbuunhu ka lɛ da vein ka zauri waana. paaluumaalu yela ang be  Britain aning  France ‘duohi la  ba ‘nimbi-jie ka ba  tari tamaa a ko  Congo Basin. Europe taa la  kahaa tuntunbuunhu libi-chelee ang da sung ba nye daa yi paalijaala; saang’tenge. aŋa da vein ka  Afirikan da die  European daa.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_note-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_note-10

Paaluuhi ayo’poin a yi paaluuhi pie aning anaari pɔo  aŋ da ahi ko  – Austria-Hungary, Russia, Denmark,  Netherlands, Sweden-Norway,  Ottoman Empire,aning  United States – da wa ba yiri Afirika ka ba ba tari yile nɔgilaa zaa.

 Munpiilee 
Seni ne ba lambu ne aŋ da piine ne, European paaluu gbebogi-aha da nye Afirickan paalikaara aning French ‘yi-dieriba da die la  Lagos aning  Western Hemisphere, ka ba lantaa dieri daa.  A yuoni 1800s, European da buo woo nyinii, ba aŋ da maŋ di maana  bundaang’digaalii buunhu. A yela da sung la  European bungkuora a gaane Afirika daa. European bung ‘gbulong ‘gbulong da taa la fanga aŋ da leuhi coastal Africa deme haakila ka ba ne  Europeans da lantaa diiri daa.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_note-11

A yuoni 1876, King Leopold II aŋ be Belgium, aŋ da e yi-daangdau aning kpiengu daana a ko International African Association da  buong la  invited Henry Morton Stanley ka o wa sung o e la piehibu aning tuma u  paaluu pɔo.  1878 yuoni ne pɔo la ka International Congo Society miŋe da wa.  Leopold da waane saaba aŋ da e yaagu iriba a Congo paaluu pɔo gondo. Aŋa yile ŋa da waane   imperialistic diibu, a  "Afirickan paaluu pɔo.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Ascherson

A piili 1878 a te to 1885, Stanley da leo wa Congo a wa e Leopold's agent. O da taa la gondo ka o waane    Congo Free  wogiri ne  Berlin lambu ne aŋ da baahi a  Nansaari ‘chiuri a’nii daana a yuoni  August 1885 pɔo. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_note-Cornelis-13French agents piehi bang Leopold' spilan, ka be la  da vein ka France da gaane ba miŋa bambu  Afirika pɔo.  A 1881 yuoni ne la ka French naval tuntuna yuori aŋ la  Pierre de Brazza da gaa central Afiricka, aning  western Congo basin, a te dohi  French flag kye bahi  Brazzaville panpana ŋa Republic of Congo. panpana Portugal.

A   1880s yuoni ne, yelitaruu yaga zaa aŋ  jagi paalihi lamugiye yelae da baahiye laangfie. Aŋa da sung ka  European nye bambu a ko  salima,taabuuhi, aning rubber, daa da dolo. Aŋa da vein ka  European deme da wa be a Afirika paaluu pɔo. Stanley's da  ihi Congo River Basin (1874–1877) a yi  European teng-gbangu ‘bigihee gbangu pɔo ka o baŋ tuoŋ nye kpiengu British, Portuguese, French aning Belgian seŋ. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_note-14

France da die la Tunisia, ang da be  Barbary paaluu. French da jau ne Pierre de Brazza panpana ŋa yuori aŋ la  Republic of the Congo a 1881 aning Guinea 1884. Italy da wa paahi Triple Alliance, yelinanii kaŋa aŋ da vein ka  Bismarck's da juo ne  Germany aning  European aŋ be  Afiricka.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_note-15

A 1882,  ba da leu bang ye ka  geopolitical aŋ be  Portuguese la da kaara  France a te to Central Afirika,  Ethiopia, the Nile, aning Suez Canal. Britain da nye sori sung kaŋa aŋ da be  Egypt a ga la  India.  Egyptian ‘libie da baahi yen ka be la da vein ka British koohi da kpi.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_note-16

 Lambu 
European  saamba paali‘soruu da vein la ka  Germany piili e nyagihuu yelikanga iibu  ka be la da to dabie ing British aning French.  Belgian naa Leopold II veng ka  France aning Germany sagi ka Afirika daa diibu suma gaa a paaluu jaane ata ne zaa.  Portugal, Otto von Bismarck, aŋ da e  Chancellor a ko Germany da bung la a  teenhi pie naa ata ne jaa aŋ be Europe paaluu aning  United States ka ba wa paahi a  Berlin lambu ne pɔo a  1884 ka ba nogi yeliyeni a ko Afirikan paaluuhi.
A lambu da piili  Nansaari ‘chiuri ‘pie aning daana o beri pie aning anu daari a yuoni 1884 a da baahi Nansaari ‘chiuri ayi daana o beri lizari aning ayuobi daari a yuoni 1885.https://www.thoughtco.com/berlin-conference-1884-1885-divide-africa-1433556 Paaluu pie aning anaahi la da wa a  Berlin lambu. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Taiwan_University Aŋa paaluu pie aning anaahi ŋa da waane Berlin Act:https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:General-Akte_der_Berliner_Konferenz_(Kongokonferenz)
StateColonial empirePlenipotentiaries GermanyGerman colonial empireOtto von Bismarck
Paul von Hatzfeldt
Clemens Busch
Heinrich von Kusserow [de] Austria-HungaryAustrian colonial empireImre Széchényi von Sárvár-Felsővidék International Congo SocietyInternational Congo SocietyGabriel August van der Straten-Ponthoz [de]
Auguste, Baron Lambermont SpainSpanish colonial empireFrancisco Merry y Colom, 1st Count of Benomar DenmarkDanish colonial empireEmil Vind [da] United StatesAmerican colonial empireJohn A. Kasson
Henry S. Sanford
Henry Morton Stanley (as Technical Adviser) FranceFrench colonial empireAlphonse de Courcel United KingdomBritish colonial empireEdward Baldwin Malet ItalyItalian colonial empireEdoardo de Launay [it] NetherlandsDutch colonial empirePhilip van der Hoeven PortugalPortuguese colonial empireAntônio José da Serra Gomes [pt]
António de Serpa Pimentel RussiaRussian colonialismPyotr Kapnist Sweden–NorwaySwedish colonial empireGillis Bildt Ottoman EmpireOttoman EmpireMehmed Said Pasha
Uniquely, the United States reserved the right to decline or to accept the conclusions of the conference.

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Ti jaa yelibuoruu begu la ama

 paati a te nye jemaa sagibu, A lambu da  jeri nyogi yemehi ang be  Afirika aning slaamaye fanga. Ana la, paalihi langtaa yela jaahibu a ku yemehi daa diibu.spheres  European nuba la da seu ana yela ŋa. Joseph Conrad da bu la nuba ne mine aŋ da wa a lambu yi  International Association of the Congo (kye bee "International Congo Society"), a ku International Society for the Suppression of Savage Customs" ka novella Heart of Darkness.
 A suobu aŋ kpe  Belgian King Leopold's International Congo Society. On 1 Nansaari ‘chiuri a’nii daana 1885, a few months after the closure of the Berlin Conference, Leopold's Vice-Administrator General in the Congo, Francis de Winton, announced that the territory was henceforth called "the Congo Free State", a name that in fact was not in use at the time of the conference and does not appear in the General Act. The Belgian official Law Gazette later stated that from that same 1 August 1885 onwards, Leopold II was to be considered Sovereign of the new state, again an issue never discussed, let alone decided, at the Berlin Conference.
 The 14 signatory powers would have free trade throughout the Congo Basin as well as Lake Malawi and east of it in an area south of 5° N.