Atlantic Slave Trade

Atlantic slave trade bee transatlantic slave trade taa la a sori-tu ko a slave traders nang e a enslaved African nang be a  Americas. European slave ships gbɛɛ gyamaa mang tong neng la a triangular trade route ane  o  Middle Passage. Europeans da maale la a coastal slave trade nang da e a 15th century, a da mang taa koɔrong neng a Americas da piilee a 16th century, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Pressnang da koɔre ta a 19th century. Ba gyamaa zie da gaa be la a transatlantic slave trade nang da yi a Central Africa ane West Africa ky ɛda taa koɔrong ko a West African slave traders a ko a European slave traders,https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade#CITEREFThornton1998kyɛ bamine da paale a slave traders nang be a coastal raids.https://web.archive.org/web/20200716004107/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zy7fr82/revision/3 https://web.archive.org/web/20221215214335/https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histContextsB.htmEuropean slave traders nang da lang ba taa kyɛ da pɔge ba  African coast ky ɛka ba da de ba wanne a Americas.https://web.archive.org/web/20200717094706/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Slave_Auction_Ad.jpg/500px-Slave_Auction_Ad.jpgA Portuguese ane Europeans nang da paale a slave raids. A National Museums Liverpool da manɛɛ: "European traders da nyɔgɛɛ  Africans nang peɛle a coast, kyɛ da da amine yineng a local African bee  African-European dealers.https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa" European slave traders nang da ba paale a  slave raids. ŋaa da ba taa tona ko a Europeans nang be sub-Saharan Africa da ba maale ta yuong gbuli kyɛ da nang be a slave trade yi a malaria nang da taa yelwonaa ko a  African continent. https://www.jstor.org/stable/181856Portuguese coastal so-tuuribo da ny3 la a slave so-tuubu da do la saa te gaali da ta wagere mine da ba maale taa tona ka ba da leɛ ded o ka o maale neng commercial relations.https://web.archive.org/web/20240627115650/https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/africanpassageslowcountryadapt/introductionatlanticworld/trans_atlantic_slave_trade

A colonial South Atlantic ane Caribbean economies da tona la bamenne toma a slave labour kyaare neng a sugarcane maaloo ane boŋkoɔre minehttps://web.archive.org/web/20240625094400/http://natt.gov.tt/sites/default/files/pdfs/The-Rise-and-Fall-of-King-Sugar.pdf.https://web.archive.org/web/20240127075115/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/archaeologyofslavery/sugar-plantations Ba da nyɛ la ama ka o da e a  Western European states nang da de bamenne ka o da e yelsonne ko a empires.https://archive.org/details/blackcargoeshist00mannhttps://web.archive.org/web/20240127075115/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/archaeologyofslavery/sugar-plantations 

 Slave market regions ane paabo 

 Senegambia (Senegal ane a Gambia): 4.8%
 Upper Guinea (Guinea-Bissau, Guinea ane Sierra Leone): 4.1%
 Windward Coast (Liberia ane Ivory Coast): 1.8%
 Gold Coast (Ghana ane east ko Ivory Coast): 10.4%
 Bight of Benin (Togo, Benin ane Nigeria west ko a Niger Delta): 20.2%
 Bight of Biafra (Nigeria east ko a Niger Delta, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea ane Gabon): 14.6%
 West Central Africa (Republic ko a Congo, Democratic Republic ko a Congo ane Angola): 39.4%
 Southeastern Africa (Mozambique ane Madagascar): 4.7%

 Ethnic kpaarong sere 

 A BaKongo ko a Democratic Republic nang be a Congo, a Republic nang be a Congo ane Angola
 A  Mandé ko  Upper Guinea
 A  Gbe speakers ko Togo, Ghana, ane  Benin (Fon, Ewe, Adja, Mina)
 A  Akan of Ghana and Ivory Coast
 A  Wolof ko Senegal and the Gambia
 A  Igbo ko southeastern Nigeria
 A  Ambundu of Angola
 A  Yoruba ko southwestern Nigeria ane Benin
 A  Tikar ane Bamileke ko Cameroon
 A  Makua ko Mozambique

 Destinations ane flags ko toma 
+Flag of vessels carrying the slavesDestinationPortugueseBritishFrenchSpanishDutchAmericanDanishTotalPortuguese Brazil4,821,1273,8049,4021,03327,7021,1741304,864,372British Caribbean7,9192,208,29622,9205,7956,99664,8361,4892,318,251French Caribbean2,56290,9841,003,90572512,7366,2423,0621,120,216Spanish Americas195,482103,00992,944808,85124,19754,90113,5271,061,524Dutch Americas50032,4465,1890392,0229,5744,998444,729North America382264,9108,8771,8511,212110,532983388,747Danish West Indies025,5947,7822775,1612,79967,385108,998Europe2,6363,43866402,00411908,861Africa69,20684113,28266,3913,2102,476162155,568did not arrive748,452526,121216,439176,60179,09652,67319,3041,818,686Total5,848,2663,259,4431,381,4041,061,524554,336305,326111,04012,521,339
+Source of slaves, by regionRegionEmbarkedDisembarkeddid not arrive% did not arriveAngola Coast, Loango Coast, and Saint Helena5,694,5704,955,430739,14012.98%Bight of Benin1,999,0601,724,834274,22613.72%Bight of Biafra1,594,5641,317,776276,78817.36%Gold Coast1,209,3221,030,917178,40514.75%Senegambia and off-shore Atlantic755,515611,017144,49819.13%Southeast Africa and Indian Ocean islands542,668436,529106,13919.56%Sierra Leone388,771338,78349,98812.87%Windward Coast336,869287,36649,50314.70%Total12,521,33910,702,6521,818,68714.52%

 Effects 
+World population (in millions)Year175018001850190019501999World7919781,2621,6502,5215,978Africa106107111133221767Asia5026358099471,4023,634Europe163203276408547729Latin America and the Caribbean16243874167511Northern America272682172307Oceania22261330+World population (by percentage distribution)Year175018001850190019501999World100100100100100100Africa13.410.98.88.18.812.8Asia63.564.964.157.455.660.8Europe20.620.821.924.721.712.2Latin America and the Caribbean2.02.53.04.56.68.5Northern America0.30.72.15.06.85.1Oceania0.30.20.20.40.50.5

 Meng kaa kyԑ 

 Amerindian slave ownership
 Atlantic history
 Abolition of slavery in Spain
 Atlantic slave trade to Brazil
 Balkan slave trade
 Barbary slave trade
 Biography and the Black Atlantic
 Blackbirding
 Black Sea slave trade
 Bristol slave trade (UK)
 Edward Colston
 European enslavement of Indigenous Americans
 Indian indenture system
 Indian Ocean slave trade
 Liverpool slave trade
 Piracy
 Red Sea slave trade
 The Slave Route Project
 Slave Trade Acts
 Slavery in Brazil
 Slavery in Britain
 Slavery in Canada
 Slavery in contemporary Africa
 Slavery in pre-Columbian America
 Slavery in South Africa
 Slavery in the British and French Caribbean
 Slavery in the colonial United States
 Slavery in the Ottoman Empire
 Slavery in the Spanish New World colonies
 Slavery in the United States
 Tobacco and Slaves (1986 book)
 Trans-Saharan slave trade
 United States labor law
 Zephaniah Kingsley

 Sommo Yizie