Alcoholism

Da-nyurilim din nyɛ da-nyuribieɣula  (AUD), nyɛla da-nyuli sheli din yihiri daadam ka chɛ o hankali ni o ninsalsilini.Association, American Psychiatric (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 (5 ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. pp. 490–97. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1. Lala alaafei kalinsi ɣɔ nyɛla din pu bu yi zuɣuni :Da-nyuri bieɣu ni ŋun zaŋ o yɛli kam n pa dam zuɣu bei ŋun yɛlli kam kul gendila dam polo. Dɔɣati tuma puunii, biyi ti yeli ni so malla lala danyuribieɣu halli ŋɔ din ŋuna o wuhirila shihiri a yi shɛŋa  n ni yen kali ŋɔ : Diyi ti niŋ ka daadam nyuri dam n yuui ,ka ti kɔŋ ni o baligili bei din tɔ pam ni o tɔi n sigisi lala danyubɔ ŋɔ , dam dabu ni di nyubu nyɛla din n kuri saha, dama  saha shɛlli kam nyini ku bɔrimi ni a nyuri dam ŋɔ, niri yi kpalim danyubɔni di chɛmi ka o bi tooi n tumdi tuunshɛli din tu ni o tum ka lahi chɛ ka o malli galimi ʒieleli niusage ,da nyubɔ ni tooi n tahi alaafei kalinsina ka kuli lahi n kpɛhiri niri yellani. ,di yi ti niŋ ka so kuli zaŋ dahanyini ni o chɛ da-nyubɔ a ni nyɛ ka yɛli gɔla gon n bieni dama a yi n nyuli kari yuu a ningbunani a dii ku tooi n chɛli dabsili yini ni shei di di saha.Ayi n nyuri dam din n tooi n dam a ningbuna luɣu shɛŋa balanteei a zuɣu puri ŋɔ ni, a suhi,a bin sabli,a yaan nyina hali ka ku  a ningbuna sooja bihi zaa.  Danyubɔ ni n tɔɔ n dam a zuɣu ka chɛ ka dɔri chɛhi gon gbaara hali cancer ni tɔɔ n gbaaga. Paɣa yi mali puli ka nyuri dam din n tɔɔ n chɛ ka o nya dɔriti  fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Women are generally more sensitive than men to the harmful effects of alcohol, primarily due to their smaller body weight, lower capacity to metabolize alcohol, and higher proportion of body fat.

Environmental factors and genetics are two components associated with alcoholism, with about half the risk attributed to each. Someone with a parent or sibling with alcoholism is three to four times more likely to become an alcoholic themselves. Environmental factors include social, cultural and behavioral influences. High stress levels and anxiety, as well as alcohol's inexpensive cost and easy accessibility, increase the risk. People may continue to drink partly to prevent or improve symptoms of withdrawal. After a person stops drinking alcohol, they may experience a low level of withdrawal lasting for months. Medically, alcoholism is considered both a physical and mental illness. Questionnaires and certain blood tests may detect possible alcoholism. Further information is then collected to confirm the diagnosis. Recommendations include no more than 2 drinks per week.

Prevention of alcoholism may be attempted by regulating and limiting the sale of alcohol, taxing alcohol to increase its cost, and providing inexpensive treatment. Treatment of alcoholism may take several forms. Due to medical problems that can occur during withdrawal, alcohol detoxification should be carefully controlled. One common method involves the use of benzodiazepine medications, such as diazepam. These can be either given while admitted to a health care institution or occasionally while a person remains in the community with close supervision. Mental illness or other addictions may complicate treatment. After detoxification, group therapy or support groups are used to help keep a person from returning to drinking. One commonly used form of support is the group Alcoholics Anonymous. The medications acamprosate, disulfiram or naltrexone may also be used to help prevent further drinking.

The World Health Organization has estimated that as of 2010, there were 208 million people with alcoholism worldwide (4.1% of the population over 15 years of age). As of 2015 in the United States, about 17 million (7%) of adults and 0.7 million (2.8%) of those age 12 to 17 years of age are affected.  Alcoholism is most common among males and young adults, and is less common in middle and old age. Geographically, it is least common in Africa (1.1% of the population) and has the highest rates in Eastern Europe (11%). Alcoholism directly resulted in 139,000 deaths in 2013, up from 112,000 deaths in 1990. A total of 3.3 million deaths (5.9% of all deaths) are believed to be due to alcohol.   Alcoholism reduces a person's life expectancy by approximately ten years. Many terms, some insulting and others informal, have been used to refer to people affected by alcoholism; the expressions include tippler, drunkard, dipsomaniac and souse. In 1979, the World Health Organization discouraged the use of "alcoholism" due to its inexact meaning, preferring "alcohol dependence syndrome".

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Pubu:Translated from MDWiki