Rebetiko

Rebetiko (, ), di zaɣ'bugu rebetika ( ), ka bɛ tooi lɛbigiri li rembetiko bee rebetico, nyɛla urban Greek yila din daa be yuuni 1930s. Rebetiko gbunni nyɛla "urban popular song of the Greeks", bal'lee "poorest" din daa yina bin din gbaai 19th century hali ni yuuni 1950s ka nyɛ "popular Greek" yila pili li. Yili shɛli niriba ni daa yɛn tam nyɛla bɛn daa tee shɛli yala "rebetika revival" din daa piligi yuuni 1960s ka daa tuɣi hali ni yuuni 1970s zaŋ chaŋ. 

Yuuni 2017 rebetiko nyɛla bɛn daa zaŋ shɛli pahi UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.

 Definition and etymology 

Bachi ŋɔ  (plural ) nyɛla bachibuɣisirili din yina Greek word  (, ). Bachi ŋɔ  gbunni nyɛla din pa zaɣayini; tuuli baŋdiba ban yɛli bachi ŋɔ rebetiko gbunni, Elias Petropoulos mini Greek lexicographer Giorgos Babiniotis zaɣa nyɛla bɛn ti di gbunni koŋkoba. Bachi ŋɔ gbunni ni tuui yi shɛli na nyɛ "Greek-Latin dictionary published in Leiden, Holland" yuuni 1614Ioannes Meursius – Glossarium graeco barbarum 2nd ed. Leyden, 1614 p. 470 ni ka bachi ŋɔ  gbunni nyɛ 'wanderer', 'blind', 'misguided',.

 Musical bases 
Saha ŋɔ niriba pam nyɛla ban nya rebetiko ka di nyɛ "single genre", yila yɛltɔɣa polo di nyɛla European music, yila zaŋ n-ti Greek mainland mini Greek islands, Greek Orthodox ecclesiastical chant nyɛla ban yɛli ni di nyɛla Byzantine music mini modal traditions of Ottoman art music (café yila).

 Melody and harmony 

Rebetiko yila pam komsim nyɛla din doli  (, Greek for 'roads' or 'routes'; singular is  () zaɣa yini bee di zaɣa bɔbugu. Yuli zaŋ n-ti  nyɛla din yina yaɣa pam amaa ka di pam lee jɛndi Turkish modes, bɛn lahi mi shɛli makam.

Din pahira, rebetiko yila nim pam nyɛla din chani ni chords binkumdi ŋmɛri nima din nyɛ "Western harmonic system".

Bɛn daa yɛn labi nii rebetiko kaya ni taada din be Greek mini Turkish yili yiindiba nyɛla din daa mali yɛltɔɣ'muɣisira. Di daliri shɛli su bɛn zaɣasi   yaɣili zaŋ n-ti rebetiko.

HRebetiko rock

 Rebetiko rock 
Rebetiko rock nyɛla yila bal'shɛli din laɣindi rock music mini rebetiko. Hard rock mini Greek folk music gba nyɛla din pahiri rebetiko rock.

 Performers of rebetiko on 78 rpm recordings 

 Discography 
Rebetiko nyɛla bɛn niŋdi shɛli "Greece on CDs" ka bɛ niŋdi yomyom mali chani ti printira. Tum yuuni 1990s kalinli din galisi  CD maŋ nyɛla bɛn daa niŋ shɛli ka di nyɛ rebetiko taarihi.Comprehensive list of Greek 78 rpm issues including title, artist(s), composer(s) and genre assignation.  Bɛn daa niŋ di shɛŋa maa daa nyɛla din be tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni bɛn yɛri siliminsili n-ti pahi tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni bɛn yɛri Greek. Di zaa daa nyɛla CDs. Lihimi "link section" din doli na ŋɔ ka wuhiri "Greek source of historic CDs".

 Apostolos Hadzichristos – A Unique Greek Voice, (4CD), JSP Records, 2011.
 From Tambouras to Bouzouki The History and Evolution of the Bouzouki and its First Recordings (1926–1932), Orpheum Phonograph ORPH-01 , 2013.
 Great Voices of Constantinople 1927–1933, Rounder Records, 1997.
 Greek-Oriental Rebetica-Songs & Dances in the Asia Minor Style:The Golden Years, Arhoolie Records, 1991.
 Greek Rhapsody – Instrumental Music from Greece 1905–1956, (2CD & book) Dust-To-Digital DTD-27, 2013.
 Marika Papagika – Greek Popular and Rebetic Music in New York 1918–1929, Alma Criolla Records, 1994.
 Markos Vamvakaris, Bouzouki Pioneer, 1932–1940, Rounder Records, 1998.
 Markos Vamvakaris, Master of Rembetika – Complete Recordings 1932–1937, plus selected recordings 1938, (4CD), JSP Records, 2010
 Mortika – Rare Vintage Recordings from a Greek Underworld, ARKO records, Uppsala, 2005. CD and book, also issued as 2LP box by Mississippi Records, 2009.
 Mourmourika: Songs of the Greek Underworld, Rounder Records, 1999.
 My Only Consolation: Classic Pireotic Rembetica 1932–1946, Rounder Records, 1999.
 Rembetica: Historic Urban Folk Songs From Greece, Rounder Records, 1992.
 Rembetika: Greek Music from the Underground, JSP Records, 2006.
 Rembetika 2: More of the Secret History of Greece's Underground Music, JSP Records, 2008.
 Rebetiki Istoria, EMIAL-Lambropoulos, Athens 1975–76 – LP series in six volumes, later also issued on cassettes and CDs.
 Roza Eskenazi – Rembetissa, Rounder Records, 1996.
 The Rough Guide to Rebetika, World Music Network, 2004.
 Vassilis Tsitsanis – All the pre-war recordings, 1936–1940 (5CD), JSP Records, 2008.
 Vassilis Tsitsanis – The Postwar Years 1946–1954, (4CD), JSP Records, 2009.
 Women of Rembetica, Rounder Records, 2000.
 Women of Rembetika, (4CD), JSP Records, 2012.
 Various – The Diaspora Of Rembetiko, Network Medien, (2CD), compilation, 2004

 Lihimi m-pahi 
Byzantine music
Hasapiko
Mangas
Rembetiko – a film by Costas Ferris
Syrtaki – fast version of Hasapiko

 Notes 

The word dromos means 'path' or 'road'.
Piraeotiko dromos is named after the harbour town of Piraeus, and the terms matzore () and minore () are loosely used in order to include the Western major and minor scale variations within the category of dromoi.
A further genre term has recently seen the light as a result of this entente. Paradosiaká, a word which originally simply means "traditional", is nowadays used to refer to a fairly narrow urban musical form which has emerged in Greece since the 1970s, and which almost exclusively employs the instruments and musical language of Ottoman art music. For a detailed examination of this phenomenon, see Eleni Kallimopoulou, Paradosiaká: Music, Meaning and Identity in Modern Greece. Ashgate, 2009.
Although Petropoulos, for example, divides the history of the style into three periods:
 1922–1932 – the era when rebetiko emerged from its roots with the mixture of elements from the music of Asia Minor and mainland Greece,
 1932–1942 – the classical period,
 1942–1952 – the era of discovery, spread, and acceptance;
this division, though possibly useful as a rough guide, is slightly misleading as it excludes not only the unknowable pre-sound recording era, but the relatively few, but no less significant, recordings made during the first two decades of the 20th century.
The term "Smyrneïka" is slightly misleading, as it is used to refer to the urban Ottoman-Greek café music styles not only of Smyrna but of Constantinople/Istanbul and other cities, and even to American recordings by artists with no connection to Smyrna.
Stathis Damianakos has argued that the rebetiko songs of this first period were mostly the musical expression of the lumpenproletariat.

 Kundivihira 

 Tooni karimbu 
 Katharine Butterworth & Sara Schneider, eds. Rebetika – Songs from the Old Greek Underworld. Athens: Aiora Press, 2014.
 Stathis Damianakos. Κοινωνιολογία του Ρεμπέτικου, 2nd edn. (“The Sociology of Rebetiko”). Athens: Plethron, 2001.
 Stathis Gauntlett. ‘Between Orientalism and Occidentalism: The contribution of Asia Minor refugees to Greek popular song, and its reception’, in: Crossing the Aegean: an appraisal of the 1923 compulsory population exchange between Greece and Turkey, ed. R. Hirschon, Berghahn, Oxford & New York, 247–260, 2003.
 .
 Stathis Gauntlett, ‘The Diaspora Sings Back: Rebetika Down Under’, in: Greek Diaspora and Migration since 1700, ed. Dimitris Tziovas. Ashgate, 2009.
 Manos Hatzidakis, Ερμηνεία και θέση του ρεμπέτικου τραγουδιού (The interpretation and position of rebetiko song, in Greek), 1949.
 Gail Holst-Warhaft, Road to rembetika: music from a Greek sub-culture, songs of love, sorrow and hashish. Athens: Denise Harvey & Company,.

 Nikos Kotarides, Ρεμπέτες και ρεμπέτικο τραγούδι (Rebetes and rebetiko song). Athens: Plethron, 1996.
 Dionysis Maniatis, Η εκ περάτων δισκογραφία γραμμοφώνου (I Ek Peraton Diskografia Grammofonou – The complete gramophone discography), Athens 2006.

 Panagiotis Kounades, Εις ανάμνησιν στιγμών ελκυστικών (“In memory of charming moments”). Athens: Katarti, 2000.
 Nikos Ordoulidis, "The Greek popular modes", in: British Postgraduate Musicology 11 (December 2011).
 Risto Pekka Pennanen, "The Nationalisation of Ottoman Popular Music in Greece", in: Ethnomusicology, vol. 48, no. 1 (Winter 2004), pp. 1–25.
 Elias Petropoulos, Rebetika: songs from the Old Greek Underworld, translated by John Taylor, illustrated by Alekos Fassianos. London: Alcyon Art Editions, 1992. .
 David Prudhomme, Rébétiko (La mauvaise herbe), Futuropolis, 2009. .
 John Taylor, ‘The Rebetic Songs’, in: Maledicta, vol. 5, nos. 1–2 (Summer-Winter 1981), pp. 25–30.
 Markos Vamvakaris, Autobiography. Trans. Noonie Minogue and published by Greeklines.

 External links 

Markos Vamvakaris Autobiography for the first time in English
A unique live recording of Markos Vamvakaris
Se Xrono Rebetiko Kai Laiko (Audio file) A weekly syndicated Greek radio show on Rebetika hosted by Photi Sotiropoulos and written by Vlassis Kokonis
Rebetiko On-line Offers a brief introduction in Greek and English, and a large photo collection. Listening facility at present disabled (7th Jan 2010)
Rembetiko Forum A forum about the Rebetiko Music with many discussions containing valuable information.
Tous aux Balkans: Rebetiko songs lyrics and videos, further useful links
Original History of Greek rebetico An official introduction in Greek, of Rebetico history
Rebetiko and folk music wiki (in Greek)
 Listen to an example of Rebeticka from Australia on australianscreen online

Pubu: Lahabaya zaa 
Pubu: Wiki World Heritage 2023

Category:Greek music
Category:Greek words and phrases
Category:Urban street dance and music
Category:Drug culture
Category:Cannabis music
Category:Underground culture
Category:Maqam-based music tradition
Category:Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Category:Folk music genres