Gagaku

Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, Kenkyusha Limited, Tokyo 1991,  nyɛla Japanese binkumda pubu balishɛli bɛ ni daa niŋdi kootu binkumda mini waa ni.  daa nyɛla kootu binkumda n-ti Kyoto Imperial Palace, ka di.din ŋmani ʒaamani ŋɔ dini daa pili Heian period (794–1185) bini din gbaai 10th century saha.History of gagaku Nihon gagakukai Zuŋɔ, di nyɛla "Board of Ceremonies" din be Tokyo Imperial Palace ni kpa shɛli.

Gagaku malila binkumda balibu dibaa anu:
Kali "Shinto religious music" mini mini kali yila ni wahi, ka bɛ booni li 
Nolini binkumda din niŋdi n doli kali yɛltɔɣatamalisi, ka bɛ booni li 
Yila mini wahi din niŋdi ni sambani polo binkumda ni niŋdi shɛm
Chinese, Vietnamese mini Indian dini (dini n-nyɛ Tang dynasty), ka bɛ booni li 
Korean min Manchurian dini, bɛ ni booni shɛli 

, kamani , kpuɣila "yo scale", "pentatonic scale" din duri zuɣusaa ni ayi, ata, ayi, ayi, ni ata saha shɛŋa ka be "scale tones" dibaa anu sunsuuni.Japanese Music, Cross-Cultural Communication: World Music, University of Wisconsin – Green Bay Yila puuni di be di ko ka chɛ Chinese dini  () din zani n-ti laɣinsi ni binkumda.

Taarihi 

 wiadaa yɛn kpe Japan, Buddhism ban daa yi China na n daa ʒili n-kpe. Yuuni 589, Japanese kpamba shɛba nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ shɛba tahi China (Sui dynasty saha) ni bɛ ti bɔhim Chinese kaya ni taɣada, n-ti pahi "Chinese court music". Zaŋ kana 7th century,   ("the 13-stringed zither") mini  (kalimboo din mali nyingo jia) nyɛla bɛ ni aa zaŋ shɛli wuhi Japan, ka di yina China. Binkumda balibu, n-ti pahi dibaa ayi ŋɔ, n daa nyɛ tuuli bini shɛli bɛ ni mali ŋmɛri .

Di mini Japanese booni li bachi yini maa zaa yoli,  (" in Mandarin Chinese,  in Cantonese"), bɛ ni daa ʒi binkumdi balishɛli yi China chaŋ n daa kuli nyɛ banquet music () amaa ka di zaamatu laɣimbu Chinese . Yila ŋɔ ʒi n-kpe ni daa kpaŋsi la Tang dynasty sah, ka bɛ booni lala dina ŋɔ  (Tang music).  dina din daa daŋ yibu na pɔi ni Tang dynasty nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli   (nadaa binkumda), ka booni din mi pili Tang dynasty nyaaŋa  (binkumdi pala). Bachi din nyɛ  maŋmaŋa daa tuumi sabi 701, tuuli "imperial academy of music " ni daa kpa.

Binkumda din yina "Korean kingdom of Goguryeo" nyɛla bɛ ni daŋ yaai shɛli kamani 453 AD, ka  daa nyɛla din zani ti Korea dina zaa, "Goguryeo kingdom" nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Koma, Japanese ni.  mini  daa pili la southern Japan Nara period (710–794). Yuuni 736, binkumda din daa yina India mini Vietnam gba daa pili ya, ka bɛ booni li  mini  zaŋ doli taba.

Nara saha 8th century,  daa nyɛla bɛ ni dɛmdi shɛli tiŋgbani dɛma ni, kamani Great Buddha yiɣisibu saha Todai-ji Temple, ka di nyɛla bɛ niŋdi la  laɣinsi zolɔna ni.

Bini din gbaai 9th century zaŋ chaŋ 10th century, Heian period, kali  daa lahi yɛligi ti tooni, ka niŋ Japanese dini pirim la dini ni Japan binyɛra la. Lala  daa naari mini , ,  and  din daa pili Asian tinsi ni, ni ,  Japanese kali binkumda, ni , yila din uina Heian period.The Indigenization and Accomplishment of Gagaku Japan Arts Council Lala saha ŋɔ,  binkumda balibu daa nam ya ka tiŋ'duya  binkumda daa labi neei.  gba daa lahi labi taɣi, ka tiŋ'duya  binkumda daa pu  mini . Chinese, Vietnamese ni Indian daa pu , ka Korean mini Manchurian style daa pu .  mini  gba daa pu m-pahi .

Instruments used

Wind
, oboe

, kalimboo din tumdi ni tōgaku
, noli bini
, noli bin'titali
, kalimboo din pɔri gari ryūteki, ka kuri bukaa komagaku ni
, bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli chukan
, kalimboo din galisi gari ryūteki, used in kuniburi no utamai

, panpipes

String
, kalimboo din mali mihi anahi
, kalimboo din mali mihi anu
, kalimboo din mali mihi pia ni ata ka pili China

, 

Percussion

, dala zaŋ titaŋa din ŋmɛri churi ni



Influence on Western music
20th century piligu, yiliyiiniba pam zaɣa daa kpe gagaku ni, ka yili yila n tam gagaku zuɣu. Bɛ ni shɛba n-nyɛ Henry Cowell (Ongaku, 1957), La Monte Young (o yila pam daa jɛndi la drone music,Zuckerman, Gabrielle (ed.), "An Interview with La Monte Young and Marian Zazeela" (Archive.org copy of 2006), American Public Media, July 2002, musicmavericks.publicradio.org: "So, this contribution of Indian Classical music is one of the biggest influences on me, but there are other influences on me too. [...] We have the effect of Japanese gagaku, which has sustained tones in it in the instruments such as the Sho." amaa gbaa yihi Trio for Strings, 1958), Alan Hovhaness (yila pam), Olivier Messiaen (Sept haïkaï, 1962), Lou Harrison (Pacifika Rondo, 1963), Benjamin Britten (Curlew River, 1964), Bengt Hambraeus (Shogaku, from Tre Pezzi per Organo, 1967), Ákos Nagy (Veiled wince flute quartet 2010), Jarosław Kapuściński (yila nima pam), Sarah Peebles (yila nima pam), Michiko Toyama (Waka, 1960), ni Tim Hecker (Konoyo, 2018).

Gagaku yiliyiiniba ban daa beni 20th century saa yino ŋun niŋ talahi, Masataro Togi (ŋun daa niŋ naa n-ti "court musician" yuun gbakiŋ), daa yɛli la America yiliyiiniba kamani Alan Hovhaness mini Richard Teitelbaum ni bɛ ŋmɛmi gagaku binkumda.

Other cultural influence
American yɛltɔɣatamalisi niŋda Steve Richmond daa yina ni sitaaya palli di.chani ni "rhythms" din nyɛ gagaku. Richmond daa wum la gagaku binkumda din yaai "U.C.L.A.'s Department of Ethnomusicology"  1960s piligu. Yuuni 2009 bɛ ni daa bɔhiri Ben Pleasants bɔhisi, Richmond daa yɛliya ni o sabi gagaku yɛltɔɣatamalisi paai 8,000–9,000.

Lihi pahi
Aak
Etenraku
Gigaku
Kagura
Nhã nhạc
Yayue

Kundivihira 

Alves, William. Music of the Peoples of the World. Thomson Schirmer, 2006.
Garfias, Robert. "Gradual Modifications of the Gagaku Tradition." Ethnomusicology, Vol. 4, No. 1. (Jan., 1960), pp. 16–19.
Matsumiya, Suiho. "Traditional Music in Japan To-Day: Its Stability and Evolution." Journal of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 11 (1959), pp. 65–66.
Malm, William P. Japanese Music and Musical Instruments. Charles E. Japan: TuttleCo., Inc., 1959.

External links
Gagaku (Japanese Imperial Court Music) – The Imperial Household Agency
Gagaku – UNESCO
Gagaku Japanese Court Music & Dance
Ancient Japan: The Earliest Japanese Music
Gagaku music: Repertoire, Instruments and Orchestration


Category:Japanese styles of music
Category:Classical and art music traditions
Category:Japanese traditional music
Category:Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Category:Japanese words and phrases