Olonkho

Olonkho ( IPA , ) nyɛla "Yakut heroic epics" balibu. Lala bachi maa "Olonkho" di wuhiri la Yakut epic kaya zaa ni nyɛ shɛli mini epic yɛltɔɣa taɣamalisi. Nadaa noli ni kali, di zanimi n-ti ni lala yɛltɔɣatamalisi zanimi n-ti Yakuts ban yi n labi tuduu polo 14th century, ka Olonkho niŋ "epic arts" kurili zaŋ ti Turkic peoples. Olonkhos din yaai sɔŋ galisi ya pam, ka di waɣilim gari gari taba, ka yɛltɔɣatamalisi shɛli niriba ni mi pam nyɛ Nyurgun Bootur the Swift din mali yɛltɔɣa gari  "36,000 verses". 

Olonkho nyɛla Europea nima ni daa tuui sabi shɛli Russian conquest of Siberia 18th century piligu. Yɛltɔɣatamalisi din waɣa daa pili la sabi sɔŋ 19th century, Siberia fukumsi niŋbu ni, ni Gɔmnanti sɔŋsima din daa niŋ 20th century Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

Di pilli mini bachinima din tabi li
Bachi din nyɛ olonkho nyɛla bɛ ni mali dihitabili ni shɛli tabi la Old Turkic bachi ölön din gba gbunni nyɛ 'saga,' ka nangbankpeeni kana ni di tabi la Turkish copula ol- (olmak 'to be).   Buryat yɛltɔɣatamalisi  ontkno tabi la olonkho.

Bachi din nyɛ Olonkho wuhiri la "saga/epic" maŋmaŋa. Yakut, Olonkhohut nyɛla ninvuɣi so ŋun niŋdi saga, ni bachiniŋdili Olonkholoo- din gbunni nyɛ di niŋbu.  

Performance and presentation
Yɛltɔɣatamalisi ŋɔ daa pilimi ni noli ni ko, di na kuli nyɛ din tumdi tuma  Sakha Republic. Ban niŋdi yɛltɔɣatamalisi, ka bɛ booni ba Olonkohohut bee Olonkohosut (), niŋdi la Olonkhos through a mixture of spoken verse descriptions and sung character dialogue, with the olonkhohut ni kumsi mini yɛltɔɣatamalisi din mali yɛltɔɣa kpana balibu. Di nyɛla din mali bali kurili, yɛltɔɣa, din mali jiri ni anfooni nima, ŋmahima ni yɛli pa

Olonkho yɛltɔɣatamalisi nyɛla din mali balibu tuha zaŋ hali ni "40,000 verses" balibu waɣilim. Olonkho niŋbu waɣilim tooi paari hawa nima 7–8 hours, di pini la zaawuni zaŋ kpe yuŋ, ka "7,000-8,000 lines of verse" nyɛ din ni tooi dɛm lala saha ŋɔ. Olonkho din waɣa ni tooi zaŋ goli naai.

Di dɛma piini mi ni yɛltɔɣatamalisi karimbu - di buɣisibu yaɣ'shɛŋa gba nyɛla din piini lala. Buɣisibu mini nina zaŋ di alizama gba nyɛla din be din ni.

Yuma din gbaai 1930s, Yakut "philologist" P.A. Oyunsky daa yina ni Olonkhos sabbu nima, ka tooi niŋli soochi ni karimbu ka piri piri yɛltɔɣatamalisi maa yaɣa yaɣa.

Nyurgun Bootur the Swift
Nyurgun Bootur the Swift n-nyɛ Olonkhos din niŋ bayana pam. Ban tɔɣisiri Yakut mi lala yɛltɔɣatamalisi ŋɔ ka bɛ zaŋ li n niŋ din wuhiri Yakut nima. Dina n-nyɛ Olonkhos shɛli bala pam ni lɛbigi.

Platon Oyunsky gba daa sabi ya 1920s mini 1930s.  Oyunsky daa yɛligi lahabali maa, ka pahi Taas kiele ogo, yaɣili din tɔɣisiri Yakut ni nya dunia shɛm. Ka di nyɛ din wuhiri ni dunia malila zaɣi bɔbigu - zuɣusaa dunia ("buɣa"), sunsuuni dunia ("daadama"), ni tiŋgbani ni duni ("shintɔna"). Di nyɛla din chihiri ni nira bɛ tum ri dunia shɛli ni o ni be.  Oyunsky's lahabali ni, Taas kiele ogo nyɛla din yɛli jɛndi lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ, n-ti pahi  daa tɛhiya ni di tu ni Oyunsky pahi lahabali ŋɔ ni m-bɔ saɣisigu ni varisibu n-ti soha biɛɣu Sakha.

Vladimir Derzhavin daa yina ni tuuli Russian version yuuni 1975, ni Russian lɛbigiri shɛli gba nyɛla Egor Sidorov ni daa yihi na yuuni 2012. Tuuli Anashaara sili dini,  Vladimir Derzhavin's Russian ni daa lɛbigi shɛli, daa yina yuuni 1990s. Oyunsky's gba dini daa yina Anashaara sili ni yuuni 2014 ka boli li Olonkho: Nurgun Botur the Swift. Lɛbigibu nima din pahi n-nyɛ: Slovak (Miloš Krno, 2012), Kyrgyz (2014), Evenki (Krivoshapkin-Nyimkalan, 1996–2003). Bihibihi dina daa yina French ni,  Jankel Karro mini Lina Sabaraikina n daa yihili na.

Yakut Gavril Kolesov taarihi daa yina yuuni 1954 - din daa nyɛ hawa dibaa anii ni Kolesov nyɛla din daa yina Melodiya yuuni 1968.

Derivative works
Tuyaryma Kuo nyɛla Platon Oyunsky ni daa yina ni shɛli yuuni 1930s ka di nyɛ kpɛrigu din jɛndi Nyurgun Bootur the Swift - di daa tuui mi n dɛm yuuni 1937, Yakut National Theater ka di daa dɛm. Yɛltɔɣa maa ni daa jɛndi so, Tuyaryma Kuo, nyɛla paɣa viɛlim ni biɛhigu.

Yakut were kpɛrigu yaɣa nyɛla Elena Sleptsova-Kuorsunnaakh ni daa sabi shɛli yuuni 2007, ka di mali salima kɔbishii ni yini. Tuma maa shɛŋa lahi nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ shɛli niŋ beebii nima Yakut, n-ti pahi English mini German kukoya dina.

Taarihi
Origins of Olonkhos and Sakha
Olonkho yɛltɔɣatamalisi taarihi bɛ doli Yakut taarihi ko, amaa zaŋ tabili  "Turkic mythology". Yakuts (ŋun yaannima daa pili southern Siberia/central Asia) daa nyɛla ŋun yihi o maŋa ka che Turkic nima kamani yuun tuhili -  Olonkhos nyɛla bɛ ni dihi tabili ka shɛli zali "Turkic myths" zaɣi kura pam. Sakha mini Dolgan yaannima (balli din tabi Sakha) daa yimi ka che bɛ yanima kamani 13th century tum Genghis Khan mini o kampeei nima ni kpe Sakha salima ni yɛltɔɣatamalisi ni.

19th century bahigu, Bɛ daa tɛhiya ni Yakuts mali la bɛ pilli sheei zaŋ chaŋ Lena River south polo, lahabali din bɔri ni di wuhi Olonkhos ni pili shɛm. Yuuni 1927 P.A. Oyunsky daa yɛliya ni Yakuts pili la Aral Sea polo, ka yi n kpe Transbaikal zaŋ chaŋ Lena River basin, ka zaŋ Olonkhos niŋ pilli sheei  Ethnographer G.V. Ksenofontov (1888–1938) gba daa ʒimi ni Sakha  south- di shɛhira shɛli nyɛla din daa di alizama Olonkho ni. Taarihi baŋda Georgiy Basharin gba saɣiti ni di pili la south polo  ka yɛli Olonkhos pili mi tuduu niriba ban mali ʒini ka bɔri biɛhigu sheei.

Yuma din gbaai 1950s A.P. Okladnikov daa yina ni pahigu ni Olonkhos zanimi n-ti 'Sakha' kaya ni taɣada yɛla teebu ni tuduu polo nima yi n labi Lena basin, ka zaŋ ti gbaai sahashɛlj Sakha's sulinsi ni daa labi shɛba nuuni Altai mini Sayans ti pahi Mongol's fa diriba.  Okladnikov daa yɛliya ni balli shɛhira bɛni din wuhiri Yakut balli ni pili shɛm Lena basin sunsuunk, amaa ni Turkic mini Mongol niriba biɛhigu. O daa zaŋ la bɛ ni pili shɛm ti gbaai western Baikal yaɣili, ni ka Orkhon-Yenisei script din mali Guligans mini Qurykans kuri bukaata be, ka yɛli ni lala bala maa yaannima n daa nyɛYakut - bɛ ni booni shɛba "Yɔɣu ni niriba", ban daa be Yenisei Kyrgyz east zaŋ chaŋ Selenga River, zaŋ dolisi Lake Baikal, mini zaŋ chaŋ Angara River.

1970s G.U. Ergis daa pahi pahigu ni 7th century Orkhon Turks mali salima din wuhiri Yakut's myths ni pili shɛm. Yuma din gbaai 2000s I.V. Pukhov daa zaŋ Altain minj Sayan niriba ŋmahindi taba, n-ti pahi Yakutian Olonkho, ka nyɛ Altain Maaday-Kara yɛltɔɣatamalisi mali ŋmahima ni taba, ni ban tɔɣisiri Turkic-ka be Altai yaɣili.

Ye.M. Meletinskiy wuhiya ni yɛltɔɣatamalisi taarihi nyɛla din tabi "nomadic" niɣi gulibu biɛhigu n-ti pahi tiŋsi yi n looi tiŋnsi, ni linjima nima laɣinsi kpabu, zaba, ni fitiina nima din pahi linjima tali ni.  daa yɛliya ni polo nima, nahingbana, etc. nyɛla din lu n zahim Olonkhos.

 Olonkho research and translation
Russian Academy of Sciences nyɛla ban mali kpaŋmaŋa ni Olonkho lahabaya sabbu ni yihibu na - amaa bɛ tuuli niya daa nyɛla  Siberia tiŋgbani biɛhigu ka lahi deei lahabali din jɛndi ninvuɣi shɛba ban be lala yaɣili maa mini bɛ kaya ni taɣada ni bala. Ban daa tuuri deeri Sakha kaya ni taɣada shɛba n-nyɛ Gerhard Friedrich Müller ni Yakov Ivanovich Lindenau,18th century polo ha. "1842-5 biologist" Alexander von Middendorff vihigu ni o gba daa nyɛ lahabali jia din jɛndi  Eriedel Bergen salima,  ka daa yina yuuni 1878, ka niŋ tuuli  Olonkho din yi salo ni.  Ereydeeh Buruuydaah Er Sogotoh sabiri ŋma shɛli A. Y. Uvaroskiy ni daa sabi daa yimi na German lɛbigibu ni yuuni 1851  Über Die Sprache Der Jakuten sabbu nima ni.

P. K. Maak daa nyɛla karimba  be Bülüü yaɣiki (Verkhnevilyuysk) yuuni 1850s ka daa laɣim Olonkholoon Oburgu o Vilüyskiy Okrug Yakutskaya Oblast (1887) puuni. Tsarist exile V. L. Serosevskiy gba da laɣim lahabaya din niŋ talahi Onlonho kali ni o kundu Yakuti ni, amaa o daa bi sabi Olonkhos shɛli sɔŋ. A. Hudyakov gba daa laɣim yina ni Olonkhos ni noli ni yɛltɔɣa din daa lahi kani  Verkhoyansk bini din gbaai yuuni 1867 zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1874, n-ti tabili Haan Cargıstay, o ni.daa laɣimdi shɛli di dɛmbu sheei, ka lahi wuhiri kali maa ni pili shɛm.

E. K. Pekarsky daa yi lala yaɣili maa bini din gbaai yuuni 1881 zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1905,  tuuli o daa na be la Taatta (Tattinsky District), olonkhohutlar (epics) bɔmbu din nyɛ noli ni di, algısçıtlar (jɛma), mini oyuunlar (dɛma ni yiɣijam). "Anthology" zaŋ ti  Sakha salima Obraztsı Narodnoy Literaturı Yakutov [ Yakut Folklore shɛhira nima], din daa tuui sabi yina yuuni1907, n-ti pahi Pekarsky dini ti tabili vihiro vihiro nima pam , n-ti tabi binyɛra din be vihigu niŋbu ni yuuni 1894-6 nyɛla Aleksander Mikhaylovich Sibiryakov ni daa pili shɛli. Lala tuma ŋɔ yaa daa jɛndi la Yakutia yaɣili polo, nti tabili Taatta, Amma (Amginsky District), Uus Aldan (Ust-Aldansky District), Mene Hanalas, Çurapçı (Churapchinsky District), mni Cookuskay. Binyɛra din be tiŋgbani shɛŋa din pahi ni nyɛla bɛ ni daa bi tooi ʒi shɛli ka di daliri nyɛla ariziki shɛli din daa yɛn ku n-niŋ din ni.

Obraztsı Narodnoy Literaturı Yakutov yihibu na ni daa nyɛla daa nyɛla din yooi soli kaya ni taɣada bɔhimbu ni zalibu Olonkhos. A Slovar Yakutskogo Yazıka [Sakha-Russian Dictionary] daa yina ni "13 volumes" bini din gbaai yuuni  1905 zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1930,  Perkarskiy gba daa labi mali ki.n sabi .

S. V. Yastremskiy gba daa tim nuu  Sakha kaya ni taɣada bɔhimbu ni. O ni daa bɔhim Sakha balli o daa pahi  Sibiryakov tuma ni, ka daa lɛbigi Er Sogotoh, Kulun Kullustur, mini Sün Caahın yaɣishɛli Russian yuuni 1929, Obraztsı Narodnoy Literaturı Yakutov.

P. A. Oyuunuskay gba daa tim nuu Olonkho baŋdiba ni. Amaa, o daa nyɛla ŋun laɣim noli ni salima maa, ka daa sabi Olonkho ni o maŋmaŋa bachinima - o daa sabi li la yuuni 1930 mini yuuni 1937 sunsuuni Culuruyar Nurgun Bootur Olonkhosu, sabiri ŋmahi dibaa awɔi din yiɣisi bachinima 36,000. Bɛ daa bi ti o soli o yihi o sabbu maa na zaŋ na hali ni Stalin kpibu nyaaŋa yuuni 1953 - o sabbunima maa daa yina 1959–60 balibu dibaa ayopɔin; 4th,5th ni 6th dina maa n laɣim nyɛ Culuruyar Nurgun Bootur Olonkhosu’na.

Saha Dili ve Kültürü Bilimsel Arastırma Enstitüsü [Sakha Institute of Language and Cultural Research] daa kpaya yuuni 1934. 1930s bahigu di daa pili vihigu niŋ sabi noli ni kaya ni taɣada din be lala yaɣili maa. Second World War zuɣizuɣi nyaaŋa bɛ daa labi tai li yuli Saha Dilini, Edebiyatını ve Tarihini Arastırma Enstitüsü yuunj 1947. Yuma din gbaai 1960s zaŋ chaŋ 70s bɛ daa zaŋ bɛ zaɣa niŋ lahabaya kahigibu ni ka di lahi pa di deeibu,  Tuma nima din daa yina lala saha maa n-nyɛYakutskiy Geroiçeskiy Epos Olonkho - Osnovnıe Obrazı [Main Characters of the Yakut Heroic Epics - Olonkho] (V. Puhov, 1962); n-ti pahi Oçerki Po Yakutskomu Folkloru [Essays on Yakut Folklore] (Ergis, 1974).

Din daa doli nyaaŋa na ka niŋ talahi n-nyɛ Cırıbına Cırılıatta Kııs Buhatıır (1981),  Olonkho din lahabali kpani jɛndi paɣa; n-ti pahi Kuruubay Haannaah Kulun Kullustuur (1985) daa yina ni Russian lɛbigibu ni zaŋ dolisi Sakha ka di daliri nyɛla di zaa miri la di pilli din nyɛ zaɣi maŋli maa.

Yuuni 1997, Olonkhos nyɛla bɛ ni daa nyɛ ka shɛli be "Humanity's Oral and Intangible Heritage" ni, UNESCO nima n daa kali m-pahi. Tum 1990s Olonkho  "Ministry of Education of the Republic of Sakha" bɔri la sɔŋsim tiri bihi ban karimdi shikuru  - Amaa salima maa bala shɛŋa (yɛltɔɣa niɣima, ŋaha, "riddles" etc.) nyɛla din tɔ pam, ka bɛ bɔ sabbu din niŋ alaha n-ti li.

Zaŋ kana yuuni 2003, Olonkhos kɔbigu ni pihinu ka bɛ laɣisi ka pishi ata ka yi polo . Kamani 300 Olonkhos nyɛla bɛ ni tɛhi ka olonkhosuts daa mi shɛli tuuli 20th century.

Zaŋ kana yuuni 2009,  Olonkho yini ko, ka Culuruyar Nurgun Bootur’dur daa tooi lɛbigi French mini English. Ka daa tuui lɛbigi Russian yuuni 1947, French sabbu maa daa doli la Russian lɛbigibu, ka niŋ salinli maa zaɣi ŋmaa. Sabbu din mali Russian mini English lɛbigibu daa yina yuuni 2002.

Derivative works
Timofey Stepanovdaa mali peetibu nima pam n doli Ohlonkhos.

Lihi pahi
Epic of King Gesar, a narrated epic found in the folklore of the Buryats, as well as in Mongolia, Tibet and elsewhere in Central Asia
Ural-batyr, Bashkir narrated epic
Epic of Manas, Kyrgyz narrated epic
Epic of Jangar, Kalmyk narrated epic
Kalevala, Finnish narrated epic

Kundivihira 

Di ni yina shɛli

Litricha

 - recordings of folklore in the original language, with texts in the original language, and Russian translation and commentary
elibrary.ngonb.ru (mirror)

Analysis

Translations

 External links 

Full texts (Russian)

 The Olonkho Nyurgun Bootur - The Rapid (PDF)

Category:Poetic forms
Category:Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
Category:Sakha Republic
Category:Turkic mythology
Category:Yakut mythology