Malangatana Ngwenya

Malangatana Valente Ngwenya ( o nyɛla bɛ ni dɔɣi so Silimin goli  June dabaayɔbu dali, yuuni  1936 ni, ka o kani silimiingoli  January dabaanu dali, yuuni 2011 ni ) ka nyɛ ŋun daa nyɛ tin'yuli booni Mozambican peenta,  peenta mini yɛltɔɣ'taɣimalisi tira. O nyɛla ŋun daa tooi yu pam ka o mali o tuuli yuli konko, Malangatana n mooni o tuma maa. O nyɛla ŋun kani silimiingoli  January dabaanu dali,  yuuni 2011ni tiŋ'yuli booni Matosinhos, n be tingbani yuli booni Portugal ni 

 Biɛhigu 
O nyɛla bɛ ni dɔɣi so yaɣili yuli booni  Matalana, tinkpaŋ din be Portuguese Mozambique, tingbani wulinluhili yaɣili,  Ngwenya nyɛla ŋun daa nyɛ ŋun sɔŋdi o ma putuma polo ka chani shikuru o bilim'ni, ka o ba mi daa nyɛ ŋun nyɛ salin'gburi n be Transvaal  rigin ni.  Yilibinsim ni daa nyɛ din gbaagi o ma saha shɛli,  Malangatana nyɛla ŋun daa yuuni o maŋ zuɣu o tolitoli, ka nyɛ ŋun nyari sɔŋsim shɛŋa o milinsi shabi sani saha shɛŋa .  O ni ti nya yuun pinaayi, o nyɛla ŋun daa chaŋ fɔŋ'jaɣu yuli daa booni  Lourenço Marques ( din yuli pa nyɛ  Maputo zɔŋɔ la ) ni o ti bɔ tuma , ka daa nyɛ ŋun leegi bɔlli yaɣili yuli booni tanisi, din nyɛ bɛ ni ŋmɛri shɛli teebuli zuɣu ka silimiingi bɔli li ni  ( tennis ) la  bɔli kpuɣiri yuuni  1953 ni. Dini n daa nyɛ din kpaŋsi o kubani ka o labi tuɣi o shikuru ,  ka nyɛ ŋun chani yuŋ shikuru bɔhimbu nima,  din-ni ka o suhi daa leegi binshɛɣu din kpe nucheeni tuma puuni . O nyɛla  Augusto Cabral ŋun gba daa nyɛ bɛ ( tennis club) maa niri ni kpansi so kobani pam, ŋuni n daa ti o nucheeni tuma niɛma nima ka lahi sɔŋɔ ka o kɔhiri o nucheeni tuma nim maa, ni ŋun gba daa nyɛ Pancho Guedes, ŋun daa nyɛ bɛ bɔlli maani niri la gba nyɛla ŋun daa tabi n sɔŋ o pam.

Yuuni  1958 ni , Ngwenya nyɛla ŋun daa chaŋ laɣinsi din daa nyɛ   Nucleo de Arte, di daa nyɛ dun'dɔŋni nucheeni tuma laɣinsi ,  ka daa nyɛ ŋun nya sɔŋsim peenta yuli daa booni Ze Julio  sani. Di yuuni saha,  Ngwenya nyɛla tuma kɔhim'ma daa yina tuuli, din daa nyɛ din mini shɛbi tuma nim daa laɣim yina ; yuma'yi nyaanga,  o ko daa nyɛla ŋun zaŋ o tuma n pa tahipɔŋni tuuli,  saha shɛli o ni daa nyɛ yuun pishi ni anu . O Mozambique debut la nyaanga,  Malangatana nyɛla ŋun daa pa voori dunia zaa zaɣa n niŋ'di o tuma maa polo. O laɣingu mini  Pancho Guedes ni daa sɔŋ o ka zaŋ o tuma yina samba'ni,  Pancho Guedes nyɛla ŋun daa timoo nua o tuuli dunia zaa puuni kɔhim'ma din daa niŋ tiŋyuli booni Nigeria  la ni yuuni  1961 puuni .  Ŋɔ nyɛla din daa yɔɔgi o tuma kɔhim'ma dunia yaangi zuɣu zaa puuni n-ti  Malangatana, ka o daa pili o tuma nim wuhibu tingbana kamani  South Africa, Nigeria, Rhodesia, Angola, France, England, Pakistan, India n-ti  USA tingban'ni  yumaata din daa dɔli na puuni .

Yuuni  1964 ni, Ngwenya, ŋun daa kpe laɣingu yuli daa booni  FRELIMO guerrilla, nyɛla  PIDE di daa gbaai so ka di nyɛla salo yuli booni  Portuguese secret Police ban daa be Estado Novo  sahala n daa gbaai o , and spent ka o daa niŋ chiri pinaanii jari yaari maa puuni. O nyɛla ŋun daa deegi sɔŋsim la Lisbon nim  Gulbenkian Foundation  nim sani yuuni  1971, ka daa bɔhim Engraving  mini ceramics  la tiŋyuli booni Portugal, n be  Europe tingbana ni . O ni daa labina  Mozambique, din daa nyɛ gbansabila tingbani ni, o nucheeni tuma maa nyɛla din daa pa tahipɔŋ'ni saha gbaliŋ ni la  Lourenço Marques mini Lisbon tinsi ni poi ka bɛ daa ti naai deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi gbanpiɛla sani . Malangatana, Fundação Mário Soares (Mário Soares Foundation)

Saha shɛli  Mozambique ni daa deegi di maŋ sulinsi naagi, n pirinla Carnation Revolution  din daa niŋ silimiingoli  April ni, yuuni 1974 puuni la , Ngwenya nyɛla ŋun daa yina palo ni n pahi  FRELIMO nim ni , saha ŋɔ din nyɛ siyaasa paati gaŋ shɛli din daa gbubi tingbani maa. Yuuni  1979 ni, o nyɛla ŋun daa pahi kɔhim'ma din yuli daa booni Moderne Kunst aus Afrika, ka daa nyɛ West Berlin  nim ni daa kpa shɛli la,  n daa nyɛ din daa pahi laɣingu maa tuuli Horizonte -Festival derbWeltkulturen la ni ."Modern African Art : A Basic Reading List | Major Group Exhibitions : 1970s", Smithsonian Libraries.

Yuuni  1981 nyaanga,  o daa nyɛla ŋun pa nyɛ nucheeni tuun tumdi biinga. O tuma nyɛla din gɔri gindi gbansabila tingbana ni,  ka di nyɛ din laɣim ni nucheeni tuun bɔŋ gbansabila tingbana ni ka silimiingi bɔli ni  National Museum of African Art la n be Washington mini DC yaɣa ni. Yaha, o nyɛla ŋun naagi nucheeni tuun kara n zaŋdi shɛŋa pa dukpuna zuɣu mini yaɣa pam ni la bɛ ni mi luɣishɛŋa ni FRELIMO mini UNESCO  nim ni .  O nucheeni tuma zaɣ'wurinpiŋ shɛli shɛli nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ shɛli n dihi  Africa Centre,  din be London,  yaɣili yuli booni  King Street, n nyɛ Covent Garden dukpuna nachiinsi. "Malangatana's Mural, The Africa Centre, London",  Jade Maloney."African viewpoint: Death knell for African culture in UK?", BBC News – Africa, 15 June 2011.  Lala nucheeni tuma ŋɔ daa nyɛla din kpe Africa Centre yaɣ'palli,  din daa yoogi yaɣili yuli booni Southwark la ni silimiingoli  opened in June ni, yuuni 2022 ni. 

Ngwenya nyɛla ŋun sɔŋsi n kpa kaya ni taada shikuriti  Mozambique tingban'ni , ka nyɛ ŋun daa kpa laɣingu yuli daa booni  Mozambican Peace Movement. O nyɛla bɛ ni daa ti so Nachingwea Medal kpaŋmaŋ pini,  ka di nyɛla o chɔɣino zaŋti  Mozambican kaya la , ka nyɛ bɛ ni daa lan lɛbigi so Grande Oficial da Ordem do Infante D. Henrique. Yuuni 1997 ni, o nyɛla ŋun daa leegi  UNESCO nucheeni tuun tumdi ni suhidoo "African artist Malangatana dies", BBC News, 5 January 2011. ka daa deegi kpaŋmaŋ pini din daa nyɛ Prince Clause kpaŋmaŋ pini  

O nyɛla ŋun daa deegi bɔhimbu shɛhira gbaŋ yuli booni degree honoris causa la shikuru yuli booni University of Evora ni yuuni 2010.

O nyɛla ŋun daa kani ka nyɛ yuun pisopoin ni anahi silimiingoli  January  dabaanu dali, yuuni 2011, tiŋyuli booni  Matosinhos,  n be Portugal tingbani wulinpuhili polo o ni daa yuui barigu ni nyaanga .

 O Tuma Nim mini di Tuma Niɛma Nima 
Malangatana nyɛla ŋun daa nyɛ peentapeenta, yɛltɔɣ'taɣimalisi tiri ti pahi ŋun kpɛri binyɛra. Peentibu ŋun polo, o daa ŋun tuui zaŋdi peenta din mali kpam din ni ka silimiingi bɔlli ni (oil based paints) la n tuui peentira, ka di nyɛla ka di nyɛla di kuubu ni yuuri la zuɣu. Peenta nim ŋɔ nyɛbu tom daa chemi ka o kuli zuhiri o peentibu nima peentin tuma shee. Saha shɛli ha o tuma maa puuni, o daa nyɛla ŋun daa lahi niŋdi silimiingi ni mi peentin shɛli ni ( screen printing) la , din daa be o yuuni  2001 tuma din yuli daa booni ka yuli ka silimiingi mi li ni ( Untitled) la.

Malangatana daa nyɛla ŋun lahi nyɛ sasabira,  ni yuuni 1963 ni o yɛltɔɣi taɣimalisi nim shɛŋa daa nyɛla din daa be yaɣili yuli booni Black Orpheus ka o tuma nim nyɛ din daa lan pahi sahaŋɔ yɛltɔɣa taɣimalisi din be gbansabila tingbana ni, ka ban daa labi malli niŋ n nyɛ Gerald Moore mini Ulli Beier .

 Political valences 
Malangatana nim nucheeni tuma nyɛla din mali siyaasa tuma ni di bɛhisi din ni bin din gbaagi gbanpɛla ni daa na bi kpe Mozambique tingbanni saha shɛli , tam shɛli ban daa nyɛ ban chaŋ shikuriti yuuni 1960 ni pɔri gari kɔbigi puuni vaabu pia bɛ daadam biɛlim puuni. Di ni daa ka bɛ daa tuhiri gban piɛli ni bɛ nucheeni tuma hankali zilima, o daa nyɛla ŋun daa chɛ ka siyaasa  do palo ni ka bɛ salo maa pam daa nyɛ ban kpe din'ni ka wumsiri ba tamdi sabbu zuɣu sahashɛŋa. 

Kundivihira 

Further reading
 Navarro, J., & H. C. McGuire (2003), Malangatana, Mkuki na Nyota Publishers. , available through Michigan State University Press.

Pubu:Lahabaya zaa