Celtic harp

Celtic  harp nyɛla "triangular frame" harp kali be Celtic nations zaŋ n-ti northwest Europe. Bɛ booni li la  Irish balli ni,  Scottish Gaelic balli ni,   Breton balli ni n-ti pahi Welsh balli ni. Ireland mini Scotland, di daa nyɛla "wire-strung instrument" din daa bori  baŋsim pam ni saha bɔhimbu pɔi ka nayi tooi ŋmɛ, ka daa nyɛ Gaelic ruling class nim ni niŋdi shɛli. Di nyɛla din be Irish laɣa kuriti zuɣu, Guinness, n-ti pahi "coat of arms" zaŋ n-ti Republic of Ireland, Montserrat, Canada and the United Kingdom.

Piligu taarihi 
Piligu taarihi zaŋ n-ti triangular frame harp in Europe nyɛla din mali kpaɣiribu. Tuuli niini nyɛla "harping tradition" be Gaelic dunia ka bɛ booni li . Bachi ŋɔ nyɛla bɛn daa tuui buɣisi shɛli ka di ŋmani Welsh crwth. Lahabali wuhiya ni bachi din booni  /  (ka yina  / , ) daa nyɛla liɣiri din kurigu zaŋ n-ti triangular frame harp din ka bɛ daa zaŋ zali  zaani ka lala liɣiri ŋɔ piligu nyɛ Scottish.John Bannerman, 'The Clàrsach and the Clàsair' in Scottish Studies 30, 1991, pp. 3–4.

Binshɛli din ŋmani daɣu ka niriba pam yɛli ni di be la Iron Age lyre tum bɛn daa nya 300 BC  Isle of Skye, ka diyi nyɛ "bridge", din ŋuna din yɛn nyɛ western European stringed instrument din yugi ka na be ni (amaa Greek lyres shɛhira nim yuugi gari shɛli kam). Tuuli buɣisibu zaŋ n-ti European triangular framed harp, "harps" ni "fore pillar" nyɛla bɛn daa nya shɛli zolɔŋ ni 8th century Pictish stones.<ref>The Anglo Saxon Harp, 'Spectrum, Vol. 71, No. 2 (Apr. 1996), pp. 290–320.</ref>The Origins of the Clairsach or Irish Harp. Musical Times, Vol. 53, No. 828 (February 1912), pp. 89–92.Scotland, Insight Guides. Josephine Buchanan 2003, pp94 Published 2003 Langenscheidt Publishing Group.John T. Koch Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 2006. Published ABC-CLIO, pp1276.Scotland's Music: A History of the Traditional and Classical Music of Scotland from Early Times to the Present Day. John Purser (2007) Mainstream Publishing Group. "Pictish harps" nyɛla din daa yina wahu kubiri. Lala nima ŋɔ daa yɛligi south hali ni Anglo Saxons ka "west" hali ni Gaels zaŋ n-ti Highlands mini Ireland.A New History of Ireland, prehistoric and early history. Daibhi OCoinin (2005). Oxford University Press.J. Keay & Julia Keay. (2000): Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland, Clarsach, p. 171. Harper Collins publishers.History Literature and music in Scotland 1700-1560 Russell Andrew McDonald 2002 University of Toronto Press, Arts Medieval 
Recent introduction from Scotland to Ireland of the triangular harp.Celtic Music History and Criticism Kenneth Mathieson 2001 Backbeat books p192  "Triangular chordophone instrument" nim pinaata nyɛ din daa be ni pɔi ni 11th-century Europe ka di puuni pinaayi nyɛ din yina Scotland.Alasdair Ross, "Pictish Chordophone Depictions", in Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies, 36, 1998, esp. p. 41; Joan Rimmer, The Irish Harp, (Cork, 1969) p. 17.Also: Alasdair Ross discusses that all the Scottish harp figures were copied from foreign drawings and not from life, in 'Harps of Their Owne Sorte'? A Reassessment of Pictish Chordophone Depictions "Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies" 36, Winter 1998

Kundivihira wuhiya ni Irish "stringed instruments" nyɛla din yina 6th century, ka ban daa ŋmɛri daa mali jilima pam lala saha maa. Tuuli Irish law din yina 700 AD nyɛla din wuhi ni bards mini 'cruit' ŋmɛriba tu ni bɛ mali jilima ʒishee ka che ban wara. Binshɛli din gba daa be lala saha ŋɔ nyɛ tiompán, din ŋmani lyre. Lahabaya be ni wuhiri "stringed instruments" din be Ireland, amaa di ka kundi shɛli din buɣisiri din be shɛm bee waligimsim shɛli din be cruit mini tiompán sunsuun.

"Quadrangular instrument" nim ayi koŋko nyɛ din niŋ Irish zaŋ n-ti Scotland ka lala dibaa ayi ŋɔ zaa nyɛ din niŋ yuun kɔb'shi (200) nyaaŋa pɔi ni Pictish carvings.The Story of the Irish Harp its History and Influences Norah Joan Clark (2003) North Creek Press Lahabali shɛli nyɛla din wuhi ni Pictish stone carvings nyɛla bɛn yaai shɛli Utrecht Psalter.Alasdair Ross discusses that all the Scottish harp figures were copied from foreign drawings and not from life, in 'Harps of Their Owne Sorte'? A Reassessment of Pictish Chordophone Depictions "Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies" 36, Winter 1998 Utrecht Psalter nyɛla bɛn daa niŋ shɛli yuuni 816 mini yuuni 835 AD sunsuun.Snyder's Medieval Art, 2nd ed, p32. Luttikhuizen and Verkerk Din pahira, Pictish Triangular Chordophone carvings nyɛla din piligi Nigg Stone bin din gbaai yuuni 790 hali ni yuuni 799 AD. 

Norman-Welsh cleric mini baŋda Gerald of Wales (c.1146 – c.1223), ban Topographica Hibernica et Expugnatio Hibernica buɣisiri Ireland bin din gbaai Anglo-Norman hali ni Irish harp yila:


Gerald, ŋun suhu bɛ gbaai Gaelic Irish nyɛla ŋun gabi o maŋ ka saɣi n-ti ni lala yila ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi Ireland.Dimock 1867 (ed.), pp. 154–5: Multorum autem opinione, hodie Scotia non-tantum magistram aequiparavit Hiberniam, verum etiam in musica peritia longe praevalet et praecellit. Unde et ibi quasi fontem artis jam requirunt. Gerald nyɛla ŋun buɣisi cythara mini tympanum, amaa ka o ni.buɣisi li shɛm maa ka dihitabili ka di wuhiri ni o na ʒin chaŋ Scotland.Budgey 2002, p. 209.

Bibliography

 Armstrong, Robert Bruce (1904). The Irish and The Highland Harps. Edinburgh: David Douglas.
 Bannerman, John (1991). "The Clàrsach and the Clàrsair". Scottish Studies, vol. 30 no. 3.
 Budgey, Andrea (2002). "Musical relations between Scotland and Ireland" [in] McDonald, R. Andrew, [ed.] Literature and Music in Scotland: 700–1560. University of Toronto Press, ; .
 Caldwell, D.H., [ed.] (1982). Angels, Nobles and Unicorns: Art and Patronage in Medieval Scotland. Edinburgh: NMS.
 Cathcart, Cynthia (Summer 2009). "Silver report: Precious metal strings on the wire-strung harp". Folk Harp Journal, no. 143, pp. 34–43. available via wirestrungharp.com  .
 Chadwick, Simon (November 2008). "The Early Irish Harp". Early Music, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 521–532.
 Collinson, Francis (1983)[1966]. The Bagpipe, Fiddle and Harp. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966; reprinted by Lang Syne Publishers Ltd., , .
 Dimock, James F., [ed.] (1867). Giraldi Cambrensis opera: Giraldi Cambrensis Topographica Hibernica et Expugnatio Hibernica. London, UK: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer.
 Farmer, Henry George (1947). A History of Music in Scotland, p. 280. London, UK.
 Heymann, Ann & Heymann, Charlie (Fall 1991). "Cláirseach: The Lore of the Irish Harp". Éire-Ireland, vol. 26, no. 3.
 Heymann, Ann & Heymann, Charlie (Summer 2003). "Strings of Gold". The Historical Harp Society Journal, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 9–15. available via annheymann.com  .
 Lanier, Sara C. (1999). "'It is new-strung and shan't be heard': Nationalism and Memory in the Irish Harp Tradition". British Journal of Ethnomusicology, vol. 8.
 Lawlor, Helen (2012). Irish Harping, 1900–2010. Dublin: Four Courts Press, .
 Le Govic, Tristan (2015). The Breton Harp Anthology (Antologiezh Telenn Breizh) Vol. II
 Newton, Michael & Cheape, Hugh (n.d.) "The Keening of Women and the Roar of the Pipe: From Clársach to Bagpipe, ca. 1600–1782". available via academia.edu  .
 Ó Brógáin, Séamas (1998). The Irish Harp Emblem. Dublin, IE: Wolfhound Press, .
 O'Donnell, Mary Louise (2014). Ireland's Harp: The Shaping of Irish Identity c.1770–1880. Dublin, IE: University College Dublin Press, .
 Rensch, Roslyn (1989). Harps and Harpists, pp. 125–127. Indiana University Press.
 Rimmer, Joan (1964). "The Morphology of the Irish Harp". The Galpin Society Journal, no. 17.
 Rimmer, Joan (1984)[1969] The Irish Harp: Cláirseach na hÉireann, 3rd ed.  The Mercier Press,  [1st ed. 1969; 2nd ed. 1977].
 Sanger, Keith & Kinnaird, Alison (1992). Tree of Strings – Crann nan Teud. Kinmor Music, .
 Watson, J. Carmichael, [ed.] (1934). Gaelic Songs of Mary MacLeod. Blackie & Son. available via archive.org .
 Yeats, Gráinne (1980). Féile na gCruitirí, Béal Feirste'' [The Belfast Harpers' Festival] 1972. Gael Linn, .

Kundivihira 

External links

Historical Harp Society of Ireland
An Chúirt Chruitireachta, International traditional harp course held annually in Termonfeckin Co. Louth, Ireland 
The Clarsach Society/Comunn na Clarsaich, resource centre for the Scottish harp
Edinburgh International Harp Festival
List of surviving early Gaelic harps
Historic wire-strung harps and harpers listed and described on wirestrungharp.com
Gaelic Modes Web articles on Gaelic harp harmony and modes
Treasures of early Irish art, 1500 B.C. to 1500 A.D., an exhibition catalogue from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Clàrsach (cat. no. 68)
Asni: harp lore – descriptions of several types of historical European harps (with sound samples)
The Celtic Harp Page – information on Celtic and other types of harps
My Harp's Delight – learning to play the Celtic harp, tips and techniques, buying a harp
Teifi Harps – Celtic & Folk Harps in Wales
"Tears, Laughter, Magic" – An Interview with Master Celtic Harp Builder Timothy Habinski on AdventuresInMusic.biz, 2007
Celtic Harp Amplification Series – using microphones and guitar amplifiers with folk harps
Markwood Strings – Information on installing harp strings, harp string installation guide
 Early Gaelic Harp site by Simon Chadwick

Pubu: Lahabaya zaa 
Pubu: Wiki World Heritage 2023
Category:Culture of medieval Scotland
Category:Frame harps
Category:Irish musical instruments
Category:Medieval Ireland
Category:National symbols of Ireland
Category:Scottish music