Culture

Kali  nyɛla bini shɛli din be biɛhigu, ni din nyɛ ninsalnima ni be ni taba shɛm, ni biɛh' shɛli ni bɛ ni be, ni bɛ ni saɣi n-ti zal'shaŋa, ni bɛ baŋsim, ni bɛ ni dihi binshɛŋa n-tabli, ni bɛ ni maani binshɛŋa, ni bɛ zalisi, ni bɛ ni yiɣisina m-paagi binshɛŋa ka niŋdi li, ni bɛ ni tiɛhiri sham, ni bɛ biɛhigu ni nyɛ shɛli saha kam.Tylor, Edward. (1871). Primitive Culture. Vol 1. New York: J. P. Putnam's Son Kali nyɛla bin shɛli din tooi zooi ka di be tiŋ' yini nima sani.    

Kali tooi kpɛri nisalinima biɛhigu ni ka di nyɛla bɛ bɔhindi li mi bee bɛ ʒiʒiinitali ka bɛ nya li. dina n-che ka tiŋa kam ni sokam mali o kali. tiŋa kam nima nyɛla ban mali biɛhi yini ka sokam saɣi n-ti li. Di nyala din wuhiri ninsalnim bɛ biɛhigu, bɛ neen' yɛra, bɛ bala nti pahi hali shali puuni bɛ ni be di yi ti niŋ ka yali shɛli kana n ti zani ba, ka pala  lahiʒibu n-ti ninsali kam. Di yi ti niŋ ka tiŋ yini nima gbubi bin yini, di nyala din ni tooi tahi barina n ti ba.Jackson, Y. Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology, p. 203 Lingimanima biɛhigu puuni, be zaŋla ninvuɣ' kpɛm tali m bahi tooni, ka lahi nye ban tumdi bɛ tuma di ni tu sham ka lahi tiri taba jilma, ka lahi gbubi adalchi. Dini n nye bin'shɛŋa bɛ ni saɣi n deegi bɛ biɛhigu puuni.adiini yaɣili, di tooi zooya ka a nya ka ban be adiini yaɣi yini ka be biɛhigu kperi tab ni.             

Kali taɣibu nyɛla kali  yɛltɔɣa labi mali zali tiŋgbanni. tiŋgbani kam ninsalinima nyɛla ban pu yaɣa ayi di yi ti kana kali polo, bana n nyɛ ban bori ni di taɣi kaman bi pola ban yiɣisirina ni ban bori ni di kuli za luɣi yini kaman ninkura. Kali nima taɣibu yirila sambanni na (kaman tiŋ'shɛli nima yi gori pam nimaani bɛ biɛhisi ni tooi taɣi)

 Buɣisibu 

Kali nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ zali yɛltɔɣa kpeeni din bɛ "anthropology",  be ni tahi n zal doli biɛhigu bohambu din bɛ ninsalisili societies. Cultural universals be daa nyɛli mi ninsalnim biɛhigu nima shɛɛ. ŋanima din yihirili polo kamani buhambu, yila, waa, laɣ' tim, adiini, ni , duɣibu, biɛgu shee, ni niɛma. Kali shɛli din nyɛ tani ŋɔ pilindila zahama kahigibu ti kali puuni, dina n-nyɛ technology, mɛnsinima ni malibu malibu, amaa din pa tani yaɣili ti kali puuni n-nyɛ zalikpana shɛŋa din be biɛhigu ni laɣingu  (pahila siyaasa tuma ni biɛhisi shee), "mythology", "philosophy", litiricha (sabbu mini yɛltɔɣa dini), ni s"cience" laɣimla din bi nyara ti kali puuni din be fɔŋni.

Ti ninsalisili puuni, yambahanga din be kali ŋɔ n-nyɛ din be daadama biɛhigu nyɛla din tahiri ŋanima bi kɔbu yaɣili  of sophistication ni be malibu malibu, sciences, baŋsim buhambu, bee jilima tibu. Yaɣ' shɛli  malila saha shɛŋa beni zaŋ yihi  tiŋ bihi zaŋ yi fɔŋ bihi ni  .  kali gba yirina duri din be viɛnyɛla  m-be a kal'titali ni biɛhigu nima elite ni a kali din bi yɔli, kali din yina poloni, bee kali din bi yɔli biɛhigu ni, yinami  n-ti cultural capital. Din yɔli yaɣili, kali nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ dolisi binshɛŋa  to the symbolic markers used by bala laɣingu ni bɛ yihi bɛ maŋa polo ni zaŋ yi taba puuni na , kamani ningbuna maalibu, niɛma bee salima ningokɔrigu. Puhamzuɣu kali nyɛla din yirina puha zuɣu ni mass-mediated forms of consumer culture that emerged in the 20th century. shikuru shaŋa of philosophy, kamani Marxism ni bini din mali yaa, mali nangban kpeeni ni kali maani tooi  be piibupiibu puuni  n-nyɛ  tool of the elites to manipulate the proletariat ka mali a false consciousness. kamani  nyɛla din yɔli ni zaɣ' maŋli biɛhigu bohambu puuni . Biɛhigu yalinli bohambu ni ,  gbibila daadama kali ŋmahimbu n kpuɣi yina zaligu ninsalinima biɛhigu puuni , ni kali bihi din yina   .

Din niŋ kadi zaŋ kalibu bachi , a "kali"  buɣjamdiba, ni nyintɣili zaŋ ti  fɔnsi bee tinsi , kamani an ethnic group bee tiŋgbani, ni hankali din yina zaŋ chaŋ saha. Hankali ŋɔniIn , multiculturalism n-tiligi nangbanyini din kani puuni ni jilima din be kali yaɣili din nyɛ balibu balibu   Sahashaŋa "kali" gba buɣisi din gahim niŋsim din be laɣngu yaɣ' shɛli fɔŋniis , kali yaɣ' shɛli (e.g., "bro culture"), or a counterculture. Within cultural anthropology, gbibila kaya ka kutooi  dama shɛli   zaŋkpa tibgibu kali din boŋɔ.

 Etymology 
"Culture" bee ti ni mi sheli kali la nyala yu'sheli din yina kpeen so ŋun daa mali baŋsim zaŋ kpa nisalnim beihigu yaɣili polo ka o yuli daa booni Cicero,lala yuli ŋo daa nyala o ni daa boli sheli o buku din yuli daa booni Tusculanae Disputationes, puuni ,lala buku ŋo puuni o daa nyala ŋun sabi "cultivation of the soul or cultura animi"  ka di daa wuhiri ti, ni ninsalinim kali zoobu bi hankaya puuni mini puzuri zoobu nyala yim.Samuel von Pufendorf ŋun gba daa nye  sasabira daa yina n ti kpuɣi o yaltɔɣa maa amaa ka daa lee bi saɣi n-ti di zaa,o kahigibu puuni, o daa yalya, ni ka ninsal tehi n yaɣi n nye o leegi ninsal'maŋli.Lala oyaltɔɣa ŋo, n ti pahi sasabri shaba dina daa che ka ninsalinim yi teha shaŋa ni bi ni daa be ka leegi ninsal'maŋa

Edward S. Casey nyela ŋun gba buɣisi kali silimiinsili puuni ni di ŋmahinli be mi kaman niri ni yi mali o kolini ni o ko la bee n zaŋ be zaɣa n niŋ be kobu puuni bee jama kaman adiini yaɣili.  Kali gbubbu wuhirimi ni ka a zaŋ a zaɣa n niŋ dinni ka lahi niŋ di dini wuhi ni a niŋ sham.               

Richard Velkley: gba ni buɣisi kali sham. 

Niriba ni daa lihiri kali nin yini maa lan pa lala,. yuuni "18th-century" [yuun'kobsita nyaanga] sasabriba daa nyela ban yina m bo kahigibu n zaŋ tili.  Rousseau's ŋun daa nye sasabra daa nyala ŋun buɣisi teiha ni mali o sham n zaŋ n kpa niriba ni pa buɣisiri kali n kpari shali maa ni di nyala din wuhuri ni ninsalnim pa nyala ban yan zaŋ be zaɣa n niŋ maʒina puuni.  

Baŋdi so ŋun yuli daa booni  E. B. Tylor, gba yaltɔɣa puuni daa wuhiya, ni kali nyala binshaɣ'shali  ti ni bohim ti daŋ mini ti zonim sani ti ni yiɣsirina kaman baŋsim, dihitabli, "art",bihaŋa din tuhi milinsi, zalisi, ni ti ni yari neen'shaŋa bee ti ni puhiri niriba sham.Saha ŋo ti ni pa mili sham n nye, kali nyala ti ni bohindi binshaŋa, ni ti ni salindi salin'shaŋa ni ti diemdi deen'shaŋa,din nye din taɣiri saha shalini amaa saha shalini mi di bi taɣira.

Cambridge English Dictionary puuni wuhiya,ni kali nyala bieh'sheli di bahi bahindi kaya ni taada nti pahi dihi tabli zaŋ n-ti ninvuɣu shaba saha yini puuni. Terror management theory      

gba buɣisi kali ni binshaŋa din be dunya ni ka tiri ninsal suhudoo din wuhiri ni ninsali n nyɛ o  bee ŋun gari binshaɣu kam duniya yaanga zuɣu.Ka lahi che ka be kpuɣiri be maŋ biɛhigu puuni din yan che ka bɛ walgika che binkɔbri biehigu ni kpibu shali nisala ni baŋdi di yala di yi ti niŋ ka o hankali ziligina.

kali gbunni ni tooi zooi shali n nye hankali zaŋ n kpahim biehigu ka zaŋ n ku bukaata.Ninsal'nim nina ni daa nehiri saha sheli maa daa nyala din pili yuun tuhi kobsinu  ( 50,000)  nyaanga, ka sokam teha puuni nyami ni ninsal'nim ko n nye ban mali baŋsim. Binkɔbri gba tooi nyala ban yuuni bi zaɣ'kura bee behigu puuni yaltɔɣ'shaŋa din beni ka mali li n tumdi tuma sah'shalini. Ti nisalnim tooi zooya ka ti baŋdi taba kaya di yi ti niŋ ka ti kpɛri taba bee n diri alizama n tiri taba. 
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Punpɔŋɔ bɛ ni boli binshɛɣu kali maa nyɛla din doli ni yi bee bɛ ni daa  ancient Roman orator Cicero nima  bɛ Tusculanae Disputationes, shɛli polo bɛ ni daa sabi nyɛvuya kpuɣibu maa bee cultura animithumb| Pygmy music has been polyphonic well before their discovery by non-African explorers of the Baka, Aka, Efe, and other foragers of the Central African forests, in the 1200s, which is at least 200 years before polyphony developed in Europe. Note the multiple lines of singers and dancers. The motifs are independent, with theme and variation interweaving.Michael Obert (2013) Song from the Forest This type of music is thought to be the first expression of polyphony in world music.



Taɣibu


Raimon Panikkar m-baŋ pihita yini ka soya ni din nyɛ kali taɣibu ni tooi zaŋ kpa, n-paɣiri zoosim, yaligimsim, gilisim, involution, renovation, reconception, labi mali, labi niŋ, revivalism, gilibu, mutation, tooni chandi, niɛligibu, yɛligibu, suhubu, eclecticism, syncretism,binpala, indigenization, ni taɣibu. lahibali ŋɔ puuni, binpala ni tooi yihi n taɣiri deeri ni neeri dihitabili kura ni bohimbu, kamani science, dede lana, binyɛra malibu shee, commerce, democracy, ni the notion of n-chaŋ tooni. Rein Raud, malibu  din be tuma nim ni of Umberto Eco, Pierre Bourdieu and Jeffrey C. Alexander,  mali  ni yihi bi' palli  kali taɣibu din be  claims and bids, din zaa mali be hankali zilinli puuni ni shahira bee din pa shahira n-zaŋ ti tiŋ maligu zaŋ kpa kali fɔŋ buhigu.

Kali niŋbu mali kana ti wuhi n taɣi mali binshɛli din bɛni din nyɛ bin palli ni n-nyɛ  bukaata malinda n-ti laɣingu ni niriba ni ni wuhi bi biɛhigu nim puuni, amaa dina n-nyɛ binshɛɣu din kani  zaŋ ti binshɛŋa din nyara.Ninsalisili nyɛla din be duniya  "n gilindi kali taɣibu saha ," duhibu din yalimma  of international commerce, puham zuɣu yɛltɔɣa, ni dinkam biɛni, ninsalinima kalinli n yihiri polo, zaŋ kpa tuun' shɛŋa polo. Kali repositioning gbunni  n-nyɛ  ni labiri malinda kali maa ninneesim din be fonsi.

Kaya nyɛla din pun biɛni zaŋ gbaa dizaa lingimanima kpansiri taɣibu ni lingimanima zaɣisiri taɣibu taɣibu. Lingimanima nima ŋɔ nyɛla ban niŋ ningbuna ti biɛhigu bin maana mini binmaŋa ni ka paɣi  perpetuating kali hankaya ni niŋsim din be  punpɔŋɔ bin maana, din nyɛ bi maŋmaŋa ni nye taɣibu maa zuɣu.

Biɛhigu zaba ni toontibo din be bini maana puuni ni tooi zaŋ taɣibu taɣibu na fɔŋ ni by altering biɛhigu din yɔli ni binpala yihibu na ti kali ŋɔ puuni ni spurring bee enabling generative niŋsim.Biɛhigu ŋɔ maa taɣibu ni tooi  biɛli tiɛɣibu viɛnyɛla taɣibu ni balibu shɛŋa din nyɛ kali taɣibu. Ŋmahinli, the paɣiba chandi chandi gba be niŋsim pala ni  din taɣi taɣibu na paɣiba mini dabba biɛhigu , altering paɣa mini doo ni economic structures. Sambana nima biɛhigu gba ni tooi kpe bin kara ni . Kamani, after tropical muɣa labina zaŋ chaŋ di naabu di nyaaŋadinkpaŋ yuma,  Binwala din nyaɣisa zaŋ ti yiŋnima  din yɔli, ni gariti tooni to the invention of agriculture, which taɣibu ni zaŋdi na binyɛra pam kali ni ni labiri maana ni saɣisibu din be biɛhigu shɛli sokam ni tooi biɛni.

Kaya nyɛla din be sambana ni n tabiliri niriba fonsi nim ni, din gba ni tooi taɣi which—bee inhibit—biɛhigu nima saɣisibu ni taɣibu din be kaya niŋsim puuni.zaba bee kpabu kpabu zaŋ kpa laɣiri polo ni tooi kpe bini maana din yaligi bee biɛhigu din nyɛ sokam bini. Din pahi, kaya hankaya ni tooi zaŋ chaŋ fɔŋ n-ti kpa fɔŋ, zaŋ chaŋ niɛligibu bee acculturation. Niɛligibu puuni,nyabu zaŋ kpa binshɛɣu polo  (din pa talahi di baŋbu polo) chanimi yiri kali ni kpɛri kali shɛli puuni. Kotomsi, Tiŋ puuni baa bindira  ni culinary brands sparked curiosity ni ni gba niŋdi Chinese kamani China ni yooi di daa dibu n-ti  daa bihi ban nyɛ tiŋ maa ni nima m be yuuni ha 20th-century. "Stimulus niɛligibu" (hankaya tɔɣibu) nyɛla to an element of zaɣ yini  kali tooni garibu zaŋ ti invention bee propagation ni tiri taba. "Paŋbu din yi polo", din be yaɣili ŋɔ gba nyɛla nuwa, lɛbigibu ni tiri binyɛra malibu bee din nyɛra niɛligibu kadi yi kali shɛli puuni n kpe shɛli ni . Niɛligibu din taɣiri maani bin pala theory pumpɔŋɔ lɛhigu din be malibu ni  din nyɛ bo zuɣu ni din niŋ ka niriba ni kaya taɣi dee hankali pala, niŋsim, ni din yɛn zaŋ binshɛna na.Stephen Wolfram (May 16, 2017) A New Kind of Science: A 15-Year View  As applied to the computational universe

Acculturation malila baŋbu paya paya. Kakuli zaya, karimbu ŋɔ puuni, di nyɛla ni zaŋ ti of traits din nyɛ kali zaŋ ti kali shɛli , dini ni nyɛ binshɛɣu din niŋ zaŋ ti timalana gbaŋ piɛla bala ni pam din nyɛ zaɣ' kura niriba ni yaɣi duniya yaɣa shɛli din niŋcolonization. Ni tabili soya m be  ninsala ni paai shɛm gba beassimilation ni transculturation.tiŋ bia taɣibu zɔra kali din mali diɛma din nyɛ zaɣ' karili yaɣili ni laɣimda kaya balibu balibu ni tibu tiɛha, hankaya, ni dihitabili.

 Tuuli Niriba Nin neesim 
"German Romanticism"

Immanuel Kant (yuuni 1724 mini yuuni 1804 sunsuuni) nyala ŋun ti o dahalali buɣsibu zaŋ kpa baŋsim bohimbu polo ka di chani n ti ŋmahindi ninsal mali o biehigu. Bansim bohimbu nyala ka ninsala pili n tiehiri o maŋmaŋ zuɣu viɛnyala.Kant, Immanuel. 1784. "Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?" () , December (Berlin Monthly)

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