Musulunsi

Musulunsi (Islam)Naden, Tony. 2014. Dagbani dictionary. Webonary.( ; , , ) nyɛla adiini din tam Quran zuɣu ni Anabi Muhammad baŋsibu, ŋun ʒi adiini maa na. Ban doli Musulinsi adiini ka bɛ booni Musulinima, bɛ ni buɣisi shɛba kalinli ka bɛ ni paa niriba  1.9 biliyɔŋ dunia nyaaŋa zuɣu ka nyɛ adiini din galisi pahi buyi Dolodolo adiini nuu yi yi.

Musulinima malila dihitabili ni Musulinsi nyɛla yɛlimaŋli adiini din yuui ka Anabi nima mini tuumba ʒina, n-ti tabili Adam, Anabi Nuhu, Anabi Ibrahima, Anabi Musah, ni Anabi Issah. Musulinima malila dihitabili ni Alikuraani nyɛla yɛltɔɣa shɛli Naawuni ni siɣisi na.  Quran nyaaŋa, Musulinima malila dihitabili ni Naawuni ni daa pun siɣisi shɛŋa na puuni, kamani Tawrat (Torah),  Zabur (Psalms), ni Injil (Gospel). Bɛ malila dihitabili ni Muhammad n-nyɛ tumo ni yɛlimaŋli ka lahi nyɛ bahigu, ŋun daa pali adiini maa. Anabi Muhammad baŋsibu mini o tuuntumsa, dini n-nyɛ sunnah, di sabimi ka bɛ boli li hadith, nyɛla binshɛɣu din wuhiri Musulinima biɛhigu. Musulinsi adiini saɣimi ti ni Naawuni nyɛla na'gaŋa ka ka kpee. Di yɛliya ni "Sariya karibu Kpalinkpaa" beni ka ban tum tuun viɛla ni nyɛ Alijanda () ka ban tuma bi viɛli mi nyɛ bɛ ni yɛn dahim shɛba ni buɣim (). Daantalisi dibaa anu—din nyɛ jama—dini n-nyɛ Musulinsi adiini pɔri ni bɛ tuma (); biɛɣu kulo kam jama (); sara malibu (); noli lɔbu () nolɔri goli ni (Ramadan); ni aʒi chandi (), Mecca. Adiini zalikpani, sharia, shihila biɛhigu yaɣili kam, bini din gbaai banki tuma ni liɣiri biɛhigu hachi zaŋ ti paɣaba ni dobba ni ʒileli. Chu'kara din nyɛ adiini dini n-nyɛ Eid al-Fitr mini Eid al-Adha. Musulinsi adiini luɣa dibaata din gahim n-nyɛ Masjid al-Haram din be Mecca, Prophet's Mosque din be Medina, ni al-Aqsa Mosque din be Jerusalem.

Musulinsi adiini pili la Mecca yuuni 610 CE. Musulinima dihimi tabili din bɔŋɔ di ni daa niŋ ka Anabi Muhammad deei o tuuli surili. Zaŋ chaŋ o kpibu saha, Arabian Peninsula  nima pam daa leei la Musulinima. Musulinsi daa yɛligiya yi Arabia "Rashidun Caliphate" ʒaamani ni "Umayyad Caliphate" ŋun daa doli na ka o toontali jendi Iberian Peninsula zaŋ chaŋ Indus Valley. "Islamic Golden Age" saha, di bahi bahindi Abbasid Caliphate saha, Muslinsi tabiibi, daabiligu ni kaya ni taɣada daa tirila tooni. Musulinsi adiini yɛligibu yila di toondaannima kpaŋmaŋa ni na mini daabilgu ni ban daa gindi wuligiri li.

Musulinsi adiini oubu yaɣa buyi din galisi pam n-nyɛ  Sunni Islam (85–90%) mini Shia Islam (10–15%). Musulinima n-galisi tingbana pihinu yini ka ni. Kamani Musulinima vaabu 12% dunia nyaaŋa zuɣu m-be Indonesia, Musulinima ni galisi tiŋgbani shɛli ni; vaabu % m-be South Asia; 20% m-be  Middle East–North Africa; ka vaabu 15% be sub-Saharan Africa. Musulinima lahi be Americas, China, niEurope. Musulinima nyɛla ban yɛligiri yom pam.

 Bachi maa ni pili shɛm

Larigu ni, Islam () nyɛla nolini bachinamdili "Form IV" din yina bachinŋdli ni  (), din yina "triliteral root" (), din nam bachi bɔbigu pam din yari zaŋ maŋa ti yɛltɔɣa, tiligibu, ni suhudoo."Siin ." Lane's Lexicon 4. – via StudyQuran. Adiini yuligu puuni, di nyɛla zaŋ maŋa zaa ti Naawuni.Muslim (), bachi din zani ti ŋun doli Musulinsi,"Muslim." Lexico. UK: Oxford University Press. 2020. di lahi nyɛla din zaani tiri "ŋunzaŋdi o maŋa tiri (Naawuni)" bee "bee ŋum baligi o maŋ n-ti (Naawuni)".  Hadith of Gabriel ni, Islam lahi nyɛla din chani  (yɛlimaŋ tibo), ni  (dede).

Taarihi ni Musulinsi adiini maŋmaŋa yuli n-daa na booni Mohammedanism Siliminsili yɛlibu ʒaamani. Lala bachi ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni tooi bi lahi dii booni shɛli, ka di lahi ŋmani din mali taali, di wuhirila ninsala, ka pani Naawuni, di nyɛla din tam' Musulinsi adiini sunsuuni.

 Articles of faith 

Musulinsi aqidah malila dihitabili daantalisi dibaa ayɔbu: Naawuni, Malaikanima, baŋsibu, anabi nima,Kum ni neebu, ni Naawuni ni zali shɛli.

 God 

Musulinsi adiini tamla tawḥīd () zuɣu, Naawuni gaŋ'tali. Di tooi nyɛla bɛ ni tɛhi ni shɛli nyɛla adiini yin dolibu, amaa ka lahi wuhiri ni Naawuni be luɣili kam Musulinsi adiini baŋsibu ni.  Naawuni ka so zaŋ ŋmahindi ka lahi ka kpee kamani Dolodolo ni mali yɛla dibaa ata shɛm, ka binshɛɣu zaŋ ŋmahindi Naawuni nyɛ buɣa jambu, bɛ ni boli shɛli shirk. Naawuni n-nyɛ binnamda duuma ka o ku tooi baŋ naai. Dini n-nyɛ, Musulinima bi mali Naawuni maɣisiri binshɛɣu. Amaa bɛ mali yuya pam booni Naawuni, din niŋ bayana n-nyɛ Ar-Rahmān () ka di gbunni nyɛ "ŋun zori sokam nambɔɣu," ni Ar-Rahīm () ka di gbunni nyɛ "Ŋun gahindi zori nambɔɣu" ka bɛ tooi karimdi li Quran yaɣa pam tuuli.

Musulinsi saɣimi ti ni binshɛɣu kam din be dunia nyɛla Naawuni yiko ni, "Niŋma ka di shiri niŋ ni ka nambu daliri nyɛ o jama zuɣu.Leeming, David. 2005. The Oxford Companion to World Mythology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . p. 209. O nyɛla o maŋmaŋa Naawuni aka so ka o sunsuuni, kamani ŋun yɛn zaŋ lahabali ti paagi O. Naawuni yɛla tebu nyɛla Taqwa. Allāh nyɛla bachi din ka zaɣ'bɔbigu bee m-buɣisiri paɣa bee doo ka sokam mali li m-booni o, ka  () zani ti wuni bihi zaa.

 Malaikanima 

Malaikanima (, ) nyɛla bɛ ni buɣisi shɛba Quran mini hadith ni. Bɛ nyɛla bɛ ni buɣisi ka shɛba nambu daliri nyɛ bɛ jam Naawuni ka yari Naawuni yɛltɔɣa, ka sabiri sokam tuma, ka deei ninsala nyɛvuli o kpibu saha. Bɛ buɣisiba mi ka bɛ Namba 'neesim' (nūr)"Nūr ." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. – via Encyclopedia.com.   bee 'buɣim' (nār) ni.. – via Encyclopedia.com.   Musulinsi malaikanima nyɛla bɛ ni buɣisi ka shɛba mali kpunkpama ni nahingban shɛŋa. Bɛ nahingbana shɛŋa n-nyɛ bɛ ka suhuyurilim, kamani dibu mini nyubu. Bɛ shɛba kamani,  Gabriel (Jibrīl) mini Michael (Mika'il), nyɛla bɛ i boli shɛba yuya Quran ni. Malaikanima mali nuu timbu ni Mi'raj sabbu baŋsim ni, luɣ'shɛli Muhammad mini malaikanima ni laɣim taba o zuɣusaa chandi ni. Malaikanima shɛba yuya lahi nyɛla din be adiini sabiri shɛŋa ni.

 Kundunima 

Musulinsi kundu din daŋ na nyɛla Quran. Musulinama malila dihitabili ni Quran nyɛla Naawuni ni daa siɣisi shɛli n-ti Muhammad na, ka di nyɛla malaika Gabriel n-daa zaŋli na, siɣim bushɛm zuɣu yuuni 610 CE mini 632, yuun shɛli Muhammad ni kpi. Muhammad ni daa be o nyɛvuli ni, bɛ ni daa siɣisi Alikuraani yaɣ'shɛŋa ŋɔ na daa nyɛla o nyaandoliba ni sabi shɛli sɔŋ, amaa di tuuli wuligibu daa nyɛla noli ni mini gbaai niŋ zuɣu ni. Quran pirigila malila suurinima kɔbigu ni pia ni anahi (sūrah) ka di laɣim tamab mali aayanima tusaayɔbu ni kɔbishii ni pihita ni ayɔbu (āyāt).Tuuli suurinima, daa siɣisimi na Makkah ka ta dabodabo yaɣa, ka Medinan suurinima din daa doli na jendi biɛhigu mini Musulinsi adiini ni saɣiti shɛli Musulinima ni. "The word Quran was invented and first used in the Quran itself. There are two different theories about this term and its formation." Musulinima sariya ŋmaariba hadith ('accounts'), bee Muhammad biɛhigu din sabi sɔŋ, ni di laɣim tum ni Quran ka tabi sɔŋ ni di kahigibu. Alikuraani alizama nyɛla bɛ ni boli shɛli tafsir. N-ti pahi d adiini yɛla din kpa talahi ni, Quran n-nyɛ "Arabic literature" din niŋ kasi, ka mali nuu timbu ni "art" mini Arabic balli.Kadi, Wadad, and Mustansir Mir. "Literature and the Quran." In Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an 3. pp. 213, 216.

Musulinsi lahi yɛliya ni Naawuni kahigila ashiya, bɛ ni boli shɛli wahy, n-ti anabinima balibu pam. Amaa, Musulinsi wuhiya ni kundunima din daa daŋ maa na, kamani Tawrat (Torah) ni Injil (Gospel), nyɛla din wurim—di ni tooi nyɛ di kahigibu, di sabbu, bee di zaa, ka Alikuraani (lit. 'karimbu') nyɛ bahigu, ni Nawwuni yɛltɔɣa din bi taɣi.

 Anabinima 

Anabinima (Arabic: ) nyɛla bɛ ni dihitabili ni Naawuni daa piigi shɛba ni bɛ wuligiri o yɛltɔɣa. Lala Anabinima ŋɔ shɛba daa ʒila kundu pala na ka bɛ booni ba "tuumba" (). Musulinima malila dihitabili ni Anabinima nyɛla ninsalinima. Bɛ malila dihitabili ni Anabinima zaa yɛlila Musulinsi adiini yɛltɔɣa – Naawuni ni bɔri shɛli dolibu – n-tɔɣisiri tiri tiŋgbana din daa gari ha, lala ŋɔ nyɛla dihitabili din be adiini bɔbigu ni. Quran kali anabinima pam ban be Musulinsi adiini ni, n-ti tabili Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses ni Jesus, ni ban pahi pahi. Anabinima lahabali din ka Quran ni nyɛla din be Qisas al-Anbiya (anabinima lahabaya ni).

Musulinima malila dihitabili ni Muhammad n-nyɛ anabinima bahigu ka Naawuni tim na ("Seal of the prophets") ni o ti wuligi Musulinsi adiini din pali.Esposito, John L. 2009. "Islam." In , edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . (See also: quick reference .) "Profession of Faith...affirms Islam's absolute monotheism and acceptance of Muḥammad as the messenger of Allah, the last and final prophet."Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In , edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . (See also: quick reference .) "[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book. Musulinsi adiini ni, bɛ booni la Muhammad ni daa be biɛhi shɛli sunnah (literally "trodden path"). Musulinima tu ka bɛ tumdi Muhammad tuuntumsa biɛɣu kulo kam, ka sunnah maa nyɛ din kahigiri Quran. Lala shɛhira ŋɔ nyɛla din gu m-be hadith ni, din yari o nolini yɛltɔɣa, tuuntumsa, ani ninsalisili biɛhigu. Hadith Qudsi nyɛla hadith yaɣ'shɛli, din yari Anabi Muhammad ni yɛli Naawuni maŋmaŋa ni daa kuliyɛli yɛltɔɣa shɛŋa ka di ka Quran ni. Hadith chanimi ni yɛla dibaa ayi: ban tɔri neeri lahabali, ka bɛ booni ba sanad, ni yɛltɔɣa ni kuli nyɛ shɛm, ka di mi nyɛ matn. Soya din waligiri hadiths yɛlimaŋ'tali zooya, ka "grading scale" din niŋ bayana nyɛ din niŋ "dede" bee "viɛnyɛla" (); "dede" ();  "zaɣ'gbariŋ" (), ni din pahi pahi. Kutub al-Sittah nyɛla bukunima dibaa ayɔbu din laɣim taba, ka nyɛ lahabali shɛli din wuligi ka nyɛ yɛlimaŋli Sunni Islam ni. Din ni shɛli n-nyɛ Sahih al-Bukhari, ka Sunni nima tooi nya ka dini n-nyɛ yɛlimaŋli dini Quran nuu yi yi.al-Rahman, Aisha Abd, ed. 1990. Muqaddimah Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ. Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif, 1990. pp. 160–69 Hadiths din lahi pahi ka nriba pam mili n-nyɛ "The Four Books", ka Shianima nya ka dini n-nyɛ hadiths maŋli.Awliya'i, Mustafa. "The Four Books ." In Outlines of the Development of the Science of Hadith 1, translated by A. Q. Qara'i. – via Al-Islam.org. Retrieved 24 May 2020.Rizvi, Sayyid Sa'eed Akhtar. "The Hadith §The Four Books (Al-Kutubu'l-Arb'ah) ." Ch 4 in The Qur'an and Hadith. Tanzania: Bilal Muslim Mission. – via Al-Islam.org. Retrieved 24 May 2020.

 Kum ni neebu mini sariya karibu 

Dihitabili ni "KUm ni neebu dabisili" bee Yawm al-Qiyāmah () gba nyɛla Musulinima ni dihi shɛli tabili. Dihitabili n-nyɛli ni Qiyāmah yiɣisibu nyɛla Naawuni ni pun zali shɛli, amaa ka ninsali bi mi li.. : "Ibn Sīnā, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Sīnā is known in the West as 'Avicenna'."

Dunia yi ti yiɣisi, Musulinima malila dihitabili ni bɛ yɛn karila ninsalinima zaa sariya ni bɛ ni tum tuun viɛli shɛŋa mini zaɣi be shɛŋa ka kpe Jannah (paradise) bee Jahannam (buɣim) ni.Quran suurili al-Zalzalah buɣisila ŋɔ ni: "Ni ŋun tum zaɣ'viɛli ka di pɔri ka wula ni deei di tarili. Ka ŋun tum zaɣ'biɛɣu biɛla gba ni deei di samyoo." Quran kali taya pam din ni tooi ʒi nira kpe buɣim ni. Amaa, Quran neeli ni Naawuni ni che ŋun bɔ champaŋ taali o suhu yi bɔra. Tuun viɛla, kamani sara, jama, ni binkɔbiri nambɔɣu zɔbu nyɛla Naawuni ni yɛn ti shɛba alijanda. Musnyɛla alijanda ka di nyɛ nyaɣisim shee alibarika, ka Quran buɣisi di nahingbana.; Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World, p. 565 Yawm al-Qiyāmah nyɛla din be Quran ni ka nyɛ Yawm ad-Dīn ( "Adiini dabisili");; as-Sāʿah ( "Naabu saha");; ni al-Qāriʿah ( "The Clatterer").
 Naawuni ni pun zali shɛŋa 

Naawuni ni zali shɛŋa Musulinsi adiini ni (, ) gbunni nyɛla binshɛɣu kam, din viɛli bee din be, nyɛla Naawuni yiko. Al-qadar, gbunni "yaa", din yimina yɛltɔɣa din nyɛ "n-zahim" bee "laasabu malibu" puuni.: "The idea of predestination is reinforced by the frequent mention of events 'being written' or 'being in a book' before they happen": Say: "Nothing will happen to us except what Allah has decreed for us...": The verb qadara literally means "to measure, to determine". Here it is used to mean that "God measures and orders his creation".  Musulinima tooi yarila lala dihitabili ŋɔ ni "In-sha-Allah" () ka di gbunni nyɛ "Naawuni yi saɣi" bɛ yi yɛri dahinshɛli din be tooni yɛltɔɣa.

 Taarihi 

 Muhammad and the beginning of Islam (570–632) 

Musulinsi adiini ni wuhi shɛm, bɛ daa dɔɣila Muhammad  Mecca yuuni 570 CE ka o daa niŋ kpibiga ka na nyɛ bia. O ni daa zoorina ka nyɛ daabia, sokam daa mi ka o nyɛla yarida lana (). O daa ti niŋ o ni tumdi n-tiri so amiliya, paɣa ŋun daa niŋdi daabiligu ka o yuli booni Khadija. Yuuni 610 CE, miisim din daa kana ni buɣa mɔŋbu Mecca, Muhammad daa kuli" Cave of Hira" ni zoli yuli booni Jabal al-Nour ni, ka di baɣi Mecca. O zolɔŊ ŋo ni benibu ni nka bɛ daa siɣisi Quran yaɣ'shɛli tuuli na n-ti ti o, malaika Gabriel n-daa zaŋli na. Muhammad zolɔŋ ŋɔ ni kpebu ŋɔ mini Quran siɣisibu na nyɛla bɛ ni buɣisi shɛli "Yuŋ din mali yaa" (Laylat al-Qadr) ka di nyɛ din mali bukaata Musulinsi adiini taarihi ni. O yuun pishi ni ayi din daa pahiri ni, yuun pihinahi zaŋ chana, Muhammad daa nyɛla ŋun deeri waahi Naawuni sani, ka nyɛ malaika bahigu Naawuni ni tim na ninsalinima sani.
Lala saha ŋɔ ni, o ni daa be Mecca, Muhammad daa na wuligirila adiini ashilo ni pɔi ka daa naan yi ti yihili saolo ni, ka mɔŋdi o wumdiba ni bɛ cheli buɣa ka jamdi Naawuni gaŋ ko. Tuuli ban daa dolisi pam daa nyɛla paɣaba, faranima, saamba, ni daba kamani tuuli ŋun moli jiŋli muezzin Bilal ibn Rabah al-Habashi.Rabah, Bilal B. Encyclopedia of Islam.Meccanima daa nyami ka Muhammad saɣindi bɛ ninsalisili ni o ni niŋdi waazu zaŋ chaŋ Naawuni gaŋa dolibu polo la ka bɔhiri nandaamba mini daba bɔhisi kadama bɛ nyɛla ban diri anfaani Kaaba buɣa ni.

Mecca nima ni daa kuri Muslinima yuun pia ni ayi nyaaŋa, Muhammad mini o nyaaŋa daa niŋ Hijra ("yinlooi") yuuni 622 n-kuli tiŋa yuli booni Yathrib (zuŋɔ din pa nyɛ Medina). Din ni, ni Medinan ba dolisi ( Ansar) ni ban yi Mecca labi ni (Muhajirun), Muhammad ni daa be Medina o daa pilila o maŋmaŋa siyaasa ni adiinilaɣimbu.  Medina zalisi nyɛla Medina bala zaa ni daa dihi nuu shɛli ni. Lala adiini saɣiti ŋɔ daa nyɛla din yɛn sɔŋsi ka zalisi maa tum tuma Musulinima sani ni ban pa Musulinima ka lahi guba ka barina din yɛn yi sambani ni na ku paai Medina. Meccanima daa lu Battle of Badr ni bɛ mini Musulinma tuhibu ni yuuni 624 ka daa labi tuhi Battle of Uhud. pɔi ka daa naan yi bi tooi di nasara Medina "Battle of the Trench"  ni (March–April 627). Tuuni 628, "Treaty of Hudaybiyyah" daa nyɛla Mecca mini Musulinima ni daa dihi nuu gbana ti saɣiti shɛli, amaa ka Mecca nima daa yiɣisi li yuma ayi nyaaŋa. Di ni daa niŋ ka bala pam dolisi labi Musulinsi adiini ni, Mecca nima daabiligu soya daa nyɛla Musulinima ni ŋari shɛli. Zaŋ kana yuuni629 Muhammad daa di nasara Mecca, ka zaŋ chaŋ o kpibu saha yuuni 632 (yuun pihiyɔbu ni ayi ni) o daa laɣim laArabia bala ka bɛ doli adiini yini.

 Early Islamic period (632–750) 

Muhammad daa kpila 632 ka tuuli fadiriba maa, bani n-nyɛ Caliphs – Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman ibn al-Affan, Ali ibn Abi Talib ni saha shɛŋa ka Hasan ibn Ali gba beni – Sunni Musulinsi ni bɛ booni ba la al-khulafā' ar-rāshidūn ("Rightly Guided Caliphs"). Zuliya shɛŋa daa chela Musulinsi adiini ka zaŋ bɛ maŋsi ti pahi toondaanninma ban daa zaŋ bɛ maŋa lee Anabinima ni amaa ka Abu Bakr daa kpehiba nuuni Ridda tɔbu ni. Jews mini Dolodolo nima shɛba, bɛ ni daa kuri bɛ hɛba daa tooi sɔŋdi Musulinima ka bɛ deeri bɛ tiŋgbana, ka di zuɣu daa che ka toondaannima ŋɔ yɛligiri Persian mini Byzantine tiŋgbana ni. Bɛ daa piigi Uthman yuuni 644 ka o kubu daa che ka bɛ daa piigi Ali Caliph ŋun daa pahi buyi. Tuuli sabiila nima tɔbu ni, Muhammad pakoli, Aisha, daa sahila tɔbu bihi bahi Ali zuɣu, ni o bɔhi Uthman kpibu beri, amaa ka daa kɔŋ nasara "Battle of the Camel" ni. Ali daa moya ni o yihi Syria zuɣulana, Mu'awiya, bɛ ni daa nya ka so mali korinfahili. Ka Mu'awiya daa moli tɔbu bahi Ali zuɣu ka daa kɔŋ nasara Battle of Siffin tɔbu ni. Ali ni daa mali niya ni o bɔ maligu daa nyɛla din yiɣisi Kharijites suhuri, dama bɛ daa ʒimi ni nira yi bi tuhi taali tumda, Ali gba tumla taali maa. Kharijites daa tuhiya ka daa kɔŋ nasara "Battle of Nahrawan" ni amaa Kharijite daa ti ku Ali. Ali bi'dibiga, Hasan ibn Ali, ka bɛ daa piigi Caliph ka bɛ daa dihi nuu suhudoo gbana ni di gu ka taɣi tooni ha zabili, ka daa lahi zaŋ Mu'awiya niŋ naa labisi Mu'awiya ka daa bilahi piigi ŋun yɛn zani o zaani. Mu'awiya daa piligi Umayyad dynasty ni o dapali Yazid I piibu o fa'dira, ka di daa lahi yiɣisi sabila tɔbu  din pahiri buyi. "Battle of Karbala" ni, Husayn ibn Ali daa nyɛla Yazid' nyaaŋ ni ku so;  Shia nima teerila di yɛla yuuni kam tum di ni niŋ. Sunnanima, Ibn al-Zubayr daa gari tooni n-ŋme nangbankpeeni ni "dynastic caliphate," ka daa kɔŋ nasara siege of Mecca ni. Lala kpamli zabili ŋɔ nyɛla din yɛn duhi Sunni-Shia schism zuɣusaa, ka Shia mali dihitabili ni kpamli bela Muhammad zuliya ni zaŋ yi Ali sani, bɛ ni boli shɛli ahl al-bayt.
Abu Bakr n-daa gari tooni ka bɛ laɣim Quran taba. Caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz n-daa kpa di komitii," The Seven Fuqaha of Medina",Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz By Imam Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam died 214 AH 829 C.E. Publisher Zam Zam Publishers Karachi, pp. 54–59 ka Malik ibn Anas sabi tuuli Musulinsi adiini bukunima puuni yini. Kharijites daa dihimitabili ni larigibu ka zaɣ'biɛɣu mini zaɣ'viɛlli sunsuuni, ka Musulimi ŋun tum taali titali yɛn nyɛ ninvuɣ'so ŋun yi dihitabili ni. Bachi din nyɛ "kharijites" gba nyɛla din yɛn zani ti dahinshɛli laɣinsi kamani ISIS. Murji'ah tɛha nyami ni Naawuni ko n-ni tooi wuhi daadam tuun viɛla ni nyɛ shɛli. Di zuɣu, ban tumdi tuun biɛri ni tooi nyɛ ban bi doli so viɛlli, amaa ka di pala bɛ bi dihimitabili. Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla din be Musulinsi adiini dihitabili ni.

"Umayyad dynasty" daa deei la Maghreb sulinsi, Iberian Peninsula, Narbonnese Gaul ni Sindh. "Umayyads" maa daa nyɛla ban niŋ wahala ni yɛlimaŋ tali ka zaŋ bɛ yaa zaa baɣi linjimanima ni. Tum di ni daa niŋ ka jizya farigu nyɛ farigu shɛli ban bi ti Musulinsi adiini ni yori shɛli la ka di zuɣu yihiba linjimanima tuma tumbu ni, "Umayyads"  maa daa zaɣisi Arab ban daa dolisiri yɛla baŋbu, pirimla di ni daa bɔri bɛ ni nyari ariziki shɛli la. Dini daa niŋ ka Rashidun Caliphate zaɣa zaa daa be biɛhigu ni maa, ka Umar daa tom lahi bɔri kpɛm ka ni gbubi shɛli tiligibu, Umayyad nachintɛrtɛri daa nyɛla yɛlimaŋ tiriba suhu ni daa bi piɛli zaŋ chaŋ shɛli polo. Kharijites daa zaŋla Berber Revolt gari tooni, ka di zuɣu daa che ka Musulinima Caliphate tiŋgbana deei maŋsulinsi. Abbasid Revolution ni, ban daa Arab nima ban dolisi (mawali), Arab nam zuliyanima daa nyɛla Umayyad nam zuliyanima ni daa daai shɛli luhi, ka Shi'a nima shɛba daa ŋme n-yiɣisi Umayyads maa, ka daa pili tiŋgbana nima pam laɣimbu "Abbasid dynasty" yuuni 750.
 Classical era (750–1258) 

Al-Shafi'i yimina ni so'chibiga din wuhiri hadith zaɣ'maŋtali. Abbasid piligu saha, baŋdiba kamani Muhammad al-Bukhari mini Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj n-daa laɣim Sunni hadith zuɣuri ka baŋdiba kamani Al-Kulayni mini Ibn Babawayh mi laɣim Shia hadith zuɣuri. Sunnanima anahi Madh'habs, Hanafi, Hanbali, Maliki, ni Shafi'i, daa nyɛla bɛ ni me shɛli tam Abū Ḥanīfa, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Malik ibn Anas ni al-Shafi'i baŋsibu zuɣu. Lala n-lahi nyɛli, Ja'far al-Sadiq baŋsibu n-nyɛ din nam Ja'fari jurisprudence. 9th century saha, Al-Tabari daa naa lahabali din dalim Quran sabbu, Tafsir al-Tabari, din niŋ shɛhira lahabali din kpa talahi Sunni Musulinsi adiini ni. 

Saha ŋɔ ni, adiini yɛlimuɣisira, daa nyɛla bɛ ni kpe shɛli tuma ni, ka Hasan al Basri daa be di tooni dimini Naawuni m-mi niriba tuuntumsa maa zaa yoli. Greek haŋkali zilinli lana daa niŋla nimmohi ni shikuru tɛhi shɛli bɛ ni boli Muʿtazila, ka daa kpaŋsi "free-will" shɛli Wasil ibn Ata ni daa pili.  Caliph Al-Mu'tasim daa niŋla vihigu ni Ahmad ibn Hanbal bɛ ni daa mi ka so zaɣisi Muʿtazila tɛha zani tuhi. 
Saha shɛŋa bɛ booni la lala ʒaamani ŋɔ"Islamic Golden Age". Musulinsi adiini tabiibi nasara dibu nyɛla din gili yaɣa pam n-ti tabili medicine, mathematics, astronomy, ni agriculturen-ti pahi kamani physics, economics, engineering ni optics.Hassan, Ahmad Y. 1996. "Factors Behind the Decline of Islamic Science After the Sixteenth Century." Pp. 351–99 in Islam and the Challenge of Modernity, edited by S. S. Al-Attas. Kuala Lumpur: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Avicenna daa nyɛla ŋun gari tooni ni "experimental medicine",Jacquart, Danielle (2008). "Islamic Pharmacology in the Middle Ages: Theories and Substances". European Review (Cambridge University Press) 16: 219–227.David W. Tschanz, MSPH, PhD (August 2003). "Arab Roots of European Medicine", Heart Views 4 (2). ni o  "The Canon of Medicine" daa nyɛla "medical" sabbu din zani di naba zuɣu musulinsi ni mini Europe yuun gbaliŋ. Rhazes n-daa nyɛ tuuli ŋun baŋ doro din nyɛ smallpox mini measles. Gɔmnanti tuuli ashibitinima lala saha daa ti dɔɣite nima shɛhira gbana. Ibn al-Haytham ka bɛ boli ʒaamani tabiibi ba ka bɛ tooi booni o "dunia tuuli yɛlimaŋli tabiibi lana." Injiniya tali ni, Banū Mūsā mabiligu ŋun pebiri niŋdi n-to kalimboo ka bɛ yɛli ni ŋuni n-daa yina ni tuuli maʒini parigu. Laasabu malibu ni, "algorithm" nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi yuli ti shɛli, ŋun yihi algebra na, ka bɛ zaŋ di yuli ti o buku din nyɛ al-jabr, ka shɛba mi yina ni "function". Gɔmnanti yorila tabiibi tuuntumdiba ban guuri yim zuŋɔ. Guinness World Records baŋla University of Al Karaouine yɛla, din daa pili yuuni 859, dunia university kurili din tiri shɛhira gbaŋ din nyɛ "degree". Ban pa Musulinima pam, kamani Christians, Jews ni Sabians, nyɛla ban mali nuu timbu ni Musulinsi adiini nini neebu yaɣa pam ni,Hill, Donald. Islamic Science and Engineering. 1993. Edinburgh Univ. Press. , p.4Rémi Brague, Assyrians contributions to the Islamic civilization  ka baŋsim tuma yaɣili din yuli booni House of Wisdom kpuɣi Dolodolo mini Persian  baŋdiba ka bɛ lɛbigiri sabbunima larigu ni ka yɛligiri baŋsim pala.Meri, Josef W. and Jere L. Bacharach. "Medieval Islamic Civilization". Vol. 1 Index A–K . 2006, p. 304.Saliba, George. 1994. A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam. New York: New York University Press. . pp. 245, 250, 256–57.

 Pre-Modern era (1258–18th century) 

Musulinsi daabilugu tuma ni Sufi tuuntumsa ni, Musulinsi adiini yɛligimi chaŋ luɣ'shɛŋa ka Musulinima dee kaya ni taɣada pla. 

Ottoman Empire ni, Musulinsi yɛligimi chaŋ Southeast Europe. Musulinsi adiini ni kpebu nyɛla adiini bɔbigu laɣmbu, kamani Muhammad yɛltɔɣa ni yina Hindu salima ni shɛ. Muslim Turks laɣim la  Turkish Shamanism dihitabilinima ni musulinsi. Musulinima ban be  Ming Dynasty China ban daa yina tuuli yaakoronima ni, saha shɛŋa zaŋ chaŋ zalisi zalibu ni, Chinese yuya ni kaya ni taɣada paŋbu ni Nanjing daa niŋla Musulinsi adiini biɛhigu shee.Israeli, Raphael (2002). Islam in China. p. 292. Lexington Books. .

Kaya ni taɣada taɣibu shɛhira daa nyɛla Arab yiko taɣibu ni Abbasid Caliphate Mongol ni daa saɣim  nyaaŋa. Musulinima Mongol Khanates din be Iran mini Central Asia daa di anfaani ni East Asia kaya ni taɣada tabi ni kp ni kpebu Mongol sulinsi saha ka daa nya lɛbiginsim pam ni Arab kpaŋmaŋa ni, kamani Timurid Renaissance, Timurid dynasty saha. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) daa tɛhimi gbaai laasabu mali polo ka nangbaankpeeni daa ti kana ni Copernicus daa zaŋli mi m-pahi o "heliocentric model" ni, ka Jamshīd al-Kāshī pi buɣisibu ku gari yuun kɔbigu ni pihinii.

Malifa ti'zima tɔb'bina malibu nyaaŋa,  Musulim tiŋgbana pam daa ʒinimi miri "gunpowder empires", din bɔŋɔ daa nyɛla din gili tiŋgbana pam ni. Ottoman dynasty daa deei la Ottoman Empire toondaan' tali ka o deebu daa niŋ yaa yuuni 1517 di ni daa niŋ ka Selim I daa leei Mecca mini Medina naa. Shia Safavid dynasty daa yiɣisi zani deei yaa yuuni 1501 ka daa ti deei Iran zaa.Peter B. Golden: An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples; In: Osman Karatay, Ankara 2002, p. 321 South Asia tiŋgbani ni, Babur daa kpa Mughal Empire.

"Mevlevi Order" mini "Bektashi Order" daa mlila biɛhigu ni sultans,Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire Infobase Publishing 2010  p. 540 kamani "Sufi-mystical" ni "heterodox" mini "syncretic" so'dolisi ni Musulinsi adiini ni daa kpaŋsi la.Dakulo kam nahingu ni "Safavid conversion of Iran" zaŋ chaŋ Twelver Shia Islam din be Safavid Empire daa che ka Twelver sect daa nyɛ din du zuɣusaa ni Shia Musulinsi ni. Persian yaakoro niŋdiba ban daa kuli South Asia, ka nyɛ tiŋgbani suriba, daa nyɛla ban sɔŋsi yɛligi Shia Musulinsi adiini, ka di daa nam Shia nima pa Iran polo tiŋ'shɛŋa ni. Nader Shah, ŋun daa ŋme n-yiɣisi Safavids, daa moya ni o kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni Sunna nima ka di nyɛla o daa malila Twelverism pahiri Sunni Musulinsi ni ka di nyɛ "madhhab" din pahi anu, ka bɛ boli li Ja'farism, ka di daa bɛ tooi nya taɣidee Ottomans.

 Modern era (18th–20th centuries) 

14th century piligu, Ibn Taymiyya daa kpaŋsirila "puritanical" Islam balishɛli,Mary Hawkesworth, Maurice Kogan Encyclopedia of Government and Politics: 2-volume set Routledge 2013  pp. 270–271 ka zaɣisiri adiini so'dolisi din niŋ soochi, ka bɔri ni bɛ yooi itjihad dunoya gari baŋdiba tɔɣisibu din be zimsim ni. o daa bɔri ni bɛ tuhi o ni boli shɛba "heretics",Richard Gauvain Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God Routledge 2013  p. 6 amaa o sabbunima tumla tuma saha shɛli o ni daa be o nyɛvuli ni.  18th century saha, Arabia tiŋgbani ni, Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, ni Ibn Taymiyya mini Ibn al-Qayyim tabi sɔŋ puuni, bɛ daa kpa laɣingu shɛli bɛ ni daa boli Wahhabi ni bɛ labi o ni daa nya ka shɛli pa Musulinsi adiini ni.Donald Quataert The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922 Cambridge University Press 2005  p. 50Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire Infobase Publishing 2010  p. 260 O daa filim Musulinsi adiini yɛltɔɣa shɛŋa, kamani Anabi Muhammad (S.A.W) gballi kaabu, ka yɛli ni di nyɛla din yoli kana ka nyɛ taali ka saɣim buɣi kuɣa mini tihi, Sufi buɣa, Anabi Muhammad mini o nyaaŋa gbala ni Husayn gballi din be Karbala, Shia daantali kpeeni shee. O daa naai la noli ni Saud zuliya, ka zaŋ kana yuuni 1920s, ka bɛ daa deei luɣ'shɛli din pa yɛn nyɛ Saudi Arabia.Nicolas Laos The Metaphysics of World Order: A Synthesis of Philosophy, Theology, and Politics Wipf and Stock Publishers 2015  p. 177Ma Wanfu mini Ma Debao daa kpaŋsi "salafist movements" 19th century kamani Sailaifengye China dini daa niŋ ka bɛ yi Mecca labina amaa ka bɛ daa kuriba ka di zuɣu che ka bɛ bi yuri ka sɔɣiri Sufi laɣinsi. Laɣin shɛŋa daa labiri mi niɣindi Sufism amaa ka bi kariti li, ka Senusiyya mini Muhammad Ahmad zaa daa lɔri tɔbiri ka zaani tiŋgbana Libya mini Sudan zaa. India tiŋgbani ni, Shah Waliullah Dehlawi daa moya ni o bo maligu niŋ Sufism nima sunsuuni ka daa sɔŋsi "Deobandi movement". Deobandi movement ŋɔ dolibu ni,  Barelwi movement gba daa kpaya ka nyɛ laɣingu din galisi, ka zaniti Sufism ka niɣindi di tuuntumsa.

Musulinsi siyaasa daa pili tiŋgbani ni donibu 1800s piligu, di bahi bahindi zaŋ ŋmahindi Europe yahinima ban pa musulinima zaŋ ŋmahindi taba. Piligu ha, 15th century, Reconquista daa di nasara ni ni Musulinima karibu Iberia. Zaŋ chaŋ 19th century, British East India Company daa zali Mughal dynasty India tiŋgbani ni.  Musulinsi adiini taɣibu,  Western baŋdiba ni daa tuui boli shɛli Salafiyya, daa taɣimi deei ʒaamani binyɛra din kpa talahi. Ban daa be lala laɣingu ŋɔ tooni shɛba n-nyɛ Muhammad 'Abduh mini Jamal al-Din al-Afghani. Abul A'la Maududi daa sɔnmi kpaŋsi ʒaamani Musulini siyaasa. 

Ottoman Empire daa kpihim ya World War I nyaaŋa,  Ottoman Caliphate daa kpihim ya yuuni 1924 ka Sharifian Caliphate din daa dolina gba daa lu yom, ka Musulinsi pa beni ka ka toondana. Pan-Islamists daa moya ni bɛ laɣim Musulinima nangbani yini ka niŋ zaɣa ni bɛ yaa zoobu tiŋgbana ni, kamani pan-Arabism. Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), Musulinima ni galisi tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni n-daa be din ni, di daa kpala yuuni 1969 bɛ ni daa nyo Al-Aqsa Mosque din be Jerusalem nyaaŋa.

Daabiligu daa ʒi Musulinsi kpe tiŋgbani yaɣa pam. Musulinima pam daa niŋ yaakoro  (di yaa daa nyɛla India mini Indonesia) zaŋ kuli Caribbean, ka di zuɣu daa che ka Musulinima galisim daa be Americas. Yaakoro niŋ yi Syria mini Lebanon nyɛla din pahi ka Musulinima galisi Latin America.  Sub-Saharan Africa fɔŋ leebu mini daabiligu kpaŋsibu nyɛla din ʒi Musulinima na ka bɛ ti ʒini tiŋgbani yaɣ'pala ka wuligi Musulinsi adiini, ka Musulinima kalinli pahi bini din gbaai yuuni 1869  zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1914.

 Contemporary era (20th century–present) 
Ban gari ʒaamani Musulinsi tooni kpaŋsila Musulinima siyaasa kamani "Muslim Brotherhood" ni paati shɛŋa din pahi Arab yaɣili, ka di tum viɛnyɛla piibu piibu nyaaŋa kamani Arab Spring, Jamaat-e-Islami din be South Asia mini AK Party, ka tahi vuhim na Turkey yuun gbaliŋ. Iran tiŋbani ni, nyɛla ban bo naa ʒili Musulinsi adiini tiŋgbani shɛli ni. Ban pahi kamani Sayyid Rashid Rida birigila adiini ʒaamani zalisi ka saɣiritiri o ni boli shɛ "Western influence". Laɣingu din nyɛ Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant nyɛla ban yɛn mɔ n-nam saha ŋɔ salima liɣiri ka di niŋ bɛ liɣiri.

Musulinsi siyaasa laɣinsi nyaaŋa, 20th century saha Turkey, linjimanima daa ŋmerimi ni bɛ yiɣisi gɔmnantinima ban nyɛ Musulunima, lala n-nyɛli ka di daa lahi niŋ Tunisia.  Saudi Arabia tiŋgbani ni, tiŋgbani maa adiini sɔŋsikm daa nyɛla yini ka, Egypt tiŋgbani ni, tiŋgbani maa zaa Al-Azhar University, din daa na nyɛ tiŋgbani maa kukoli di ʒi di gama zuɣu lihibu. Salafism daa pilila Middle East. Saudi Arabia daa niŋdila kampee tuhiri "revolutionary Islamist movements" din daa be Middle East, zaŋ dalim Iran.

Musulunima ni daa bi galisi zuliya shɛŋa ni daa nyɛla bɛ ni kuri shɛba. Ban daa be di tooni n-daa nyɛ tiŋbihi ban daa mali kpeŋ kamani Khmer Rouge, ban da nyɛ ka bɛ nyɛ bɛ dimba ka di daliri nyɛla bɛ daa adiini nyɛla din che ka bɛ yi bɛ ko ka che salo maa zaa, Chinese Communist Party din be Xinjiang ni tiŋgbani yahinima kamani Bosnian genocide saha. Myanmar linjimanima Tatmadaw miricho Rohingya Muslims daa nyɛla bibiɛlim zaŋ ti ninsalisili, UN mini Amnesty International zalisi ni, ka OHCHR Fact-Finding Mission daa nya ka genocide, ethnic cleansing, ni din pahi pahi gba nyɛ bibiɛlim zaŋ ti ninsalisili.

Ninneesim zaŋ kana lahabali wuligibu toontibo ni nyɛla din wuligi adiini baŋsim pam. Hijab zaŋ ku bukaata nyɛla din niŋ bayana ka Musulunsi adiini baŋdiba shɛba mori ni bɛ waligi Musulunsi adiini dihitabilinima ka che kaya ni taɣada. Zuliya shɛŋa ni, lala lahabali ŋɔ wuligibu nyɛla din tahi "televangelist" waazu niŋdiba na, kamani Amr Khaled. Sokam tɛha ni Musulunsi adiiniV. Šisler: The Internet and the Construction of Islamic Knowledge in Europe p. 212 daa tooi zooi la "Liberal Muslims" ban daa mo di bɛ zaŋ adiini kaya ni taɣada dolisi gɔmnanti tali, so'chibi shɛli niriba shɛba ni daa bi saɣitishɛli.  

 Demographics 

Zaŋ kana yuuni 2020, kamani vaabu 24% duniaa daadabiɛlim kalibu puuni, bee kamani niriba 1.9 billion, n-daa nyɛ Musulinima.Lipka, Michael, and Conrad Hackett. [2015] 6 April 2017. "Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group " (data analysis). Fact Tank. Pew Research Center. Yuuni 1900, lala buɣisibu ŋɔ daa nyɛla vaabu 12.3%,David B. Barrett, George T. Kurian, and Todd M. Johnson, World Christian Encyclopedia: A comparative survey of churches and religions in the modern world, Vol. 1: The world by countries: religionists, churches, ministries 2d ed. (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2001), 4. yuuni 1990 di daa nyɛla vaabu 19.9% ka bɛ daa buɣisi ni tooni ha di ni tooi paai vaabu 29.7% zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 2050.Pew Forum for Religion & Public Life. April 2015. "The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050 ." Pew Research Center. p. 70 Article . Pew Research Center daa buɣisiya ni musulinima vaabu 87–90% n-nyɛ Sunni ka vaabu 10–13% nyɛ Shia. Kamani 49 countries nyɛla Musulinima galisim,The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. December 2012. "The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010 ." DC: Pew Research Center. Article . ka vaabu 62% dunia Musulinima be Asia, ka 683 million be Indonesia,Pew Forum for Religion and Public Life. April 2015. "10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050 " (projections table). Pew Research Center. Pakistan, India, ni Bangladesh ko. Information provided by the International Population Center, Department of Geography, San Diego State University (2005).Arab Musulinima n-nyɛ ban galisi pam dunia,Margaret Kleffner Nydell Understanding Arabs: A Guide For Modern Times , Intercultural Press, 2005, , page xxiii, 14 ka ban paya nyɛ Bengalis ni Punjabis.. Buɣisibu nima pam wuhiya ni China mali kamani Musulinima 20 zaŋ chaŋ 30 million (1.5% zaŋ chaŋ 2% bɛ daadam biɛlim puuni). Europe Musulinsi n-nyɛ adiini din galisi pahi buyi Dolodolo nuu yi yi tiŋgbana pam ni, ka daa zooi pam yuuni 2005, ka pahi vaabu 4.9% Europe daadamnima  ni yuuni 2016.

Ban dolisiri kpɛri Musulinsi adiini ni dii bi pahiri adiini ŋɔ ni, dama baŋdiba buɣisiya ni ban kperi dini mini ban yiri nyɛla yim." Amaa di ni tooi niŋ ka niriba 3 million yi bɛ adiini nima ni n-kpe Musulinsi adiini ni zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 2010 ni 2050, ka di pam yɛn nyɛla Sub Saharan Africa (2.9 million).Lahabali din yina CNN nima sani wuhiya ni, "Musulinsi adiini nyɛla niriba yaɣayaɣa ni kperi shɛli ni, ban yi polo pam n-nyɛ "African-Americans". Britain tiŋgbani ni, kamani  niriba tusaa ayɔbu n-kperi Musulinsi adiini ni yuuni kam, lahabali din yina British Muslims Monthly Survey ni wuhi shɛm, Ban daa kperi Musulinsi adiini pam Britain tiŋgbani ni daa nyɛla paɣaba. "The Huffington Post" ni wuhi shɛm, "Ni ban ti li zaɣa wuhiya ni niriba 20,000 America n-dolisiri kperi Musulinsi adiini ni yuuni kam", ka bɛ pam nyɛ paɣaba mini African-Americans.

Di kalinli ni, Musulinsi adiini n-nyɛ adiini din zoori yomyom, ka ni tooi niŋ adiini din galisi pɔi ka  21st century naan yi naai, n-gari Dolodolo adiini.Pew Forum for Religion & Public Life. April 2015. "The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050 ." Pew Research Center. p. 70 Article . Di buɣisiya ni, zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 2050, ni Musulinima kalinli ni tooi miri Dolodolonima ban be dunia, "ka di nyɛla Musunima ni dɔɣiri shɛm zuɣu."
Main branches or denominations

 Sunni 

Sunni Musulinsi, bee Sunnism, n-nyɛ Musulinsin adiini pubu yaɣili din galisi pam.Denny, Frederick. 2010. Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 3. "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90%) of that community." Lala bachi ŋɔ nyɛla bachi din nyɛ "ahl as-sunna wa'l-jamaat" zaɣ'ŋmaa,ka di gbunni nyɛ "sunna niriba (Muhammad tuuntumsa) ni mabiligu". Sunni Musulinsi adiini nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli saha shɛŋa "orthodox Islam", amaa baŋdiba shɛba bi saɣiti li, ka ban pa Sunni nima pam ni tooi nyɛ ka di nyɛ taali.An Introduction to the Hadith. John Burton. Published by Edinburgh University Press. 1996. p. 201. Cite: "Sunni: Of or pertaining sunna, especially the Sunna of the Prophet. Used in conscious opposition to Shi'a, Shi'í. There being no ecclesia or centralized magisterium, the translation 'orthodox' is inappropriate. To the Muslim 'unorthodox' implies heretical, mubtadi, from bid'a, the contrary of sunna and so 'innovation'." Sunni nima, bee saha shɛŋa "Sunnites", ni tuuli "caliphs" niriba anahi n-daa nyɛ ban zani Muhammad zaai ka zaŋ di shɛhira dalim hadiisi nima dibaa ayɔbu, ka doli di puuni yini: Hanafi, Hanbali, Maliki bee Shafi'i.

 Shia 

Shia Islam, bee Shi'ism, n-nyɛ Musulinsi adiini din galisin pahi buyi Musulinsi adiini pubu ni. Shias, bee Shiites, za mi ni Muhammad fa'diriba ban nyɛ toondaannima nyƐla ban yina Muhammad daŋ ni bɛ ni boli shɛba Ahl al-Bayt ni lala kpamba, bɛ ni boli shɛba "Imams", nyɛla ban mali tabiibi. Shias nyɛla ban doli Ja'fari school of jurisprudence.

 Muhakkima 

Ban doli Ibadi Islam bee Ibadism paai kamani Musulinima 1.45 million dunia yaɣa zaa (~0.08% Musulinima), ka bɛ pam be Oman. Ibadism nyɛla bɛ ni lihi shɛili ka di nyɛ kharijites balishɛli, amaa Ibadis maŋmaŋa bɛ saɣiti lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ. Kharijites daa nyɛla ninvuɣi shɛba ban ni gaaba ni Caliph Ali ni o ni daa saɣiti ninvuɣi so bɛ ni daa dihitabili ni o tumdila taya ni bɛ bɔ maligu taba sunsuuni.Kamani kharijite pubu pa, Ibadism bɛ kali ninvuɣ'shɛba ban tumdi taya pahi ban bi ti yarida ni. Ibadi hadiisi, kamaniJami Sahih lahabali, malila ban daa daŋna ha yɛltɔɣa n-tumdi tuma, amaa Ibadi hadiisinima pam gba nyɛla din be Sunni lahabaya din zani di naba zuɣu ni ka Ibadis  tooi saɣiritiri lala Sunni lahabaya ŋɔ.

 Other denominations 

 "Ahmadiyya Movement" daa kpala British India yuuni 1889 ka ŋun daa kpali nyɛ Mirza Ghulam Ahmad ŋun yina Qadian, ŋun daa yɛli ni o nyɛla Messiah so yɛla bɛ ni yɛli ("Christ buyi labbu na ni"), Musulinima daa gulila Mahdi n-ti tabili "subordinate" prophet zaŋ ti Musulinsi adiini toondana Muhammad (S.W.A). Dihitabili balibbu beni ni Ahmadis wuhibu zaŋ maɣisi Musulinsi adiininima din pahi, n-ti tabili kahigibu ni Quranic yɛltɔga kpani Khatam an-Nabiyyin ni Anabi yisa labbu na din pahiri buyi ("Messiah's Second Coming"). Musulinima shɛba nyɛla ban zaɣisi li ni Ahmadis shɛba kubu tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni, di bahi bahindi Pakistan, luɣ'shɛli Pakistan gɔ~mnanti ni yɛli ni bɛ pala Musulinima. Ban doli Ahmadiyya Movement Musulinsi adiini puuni pula buyi: Tuuli dini n-nyɛ "Ahmadiyya Muslim Community", din na galisi saha ŋɔ ni, ni Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam.

 "Alevism" nyɛla "syncretic" ni "heterodox" Musulinsi adiini kali, ban doli (bāṭenī) baŋsibu zaŋ chaŋ Ali mini Haji Bektash Veli. Alevism nyɛla 14th century Turkish ni dihi shɛli tabili taba laɣimbu.Jorgen S Nielsen Muslim Political Participation in Europe Edinburgh University Press 2013  page 255 Buɣisibu buɣisiya ni 10 million zaŋ chaŋ 20 million (~0.5–1% Musulinima zaa puuni) n-nyɛ Alevis duniya zaa.John Shindeldecker: Turkish Alevis Today: II Alevi Population Size and Distribution , PDF-Datei, See also Encyclopaedia of the Orient: Alevi , consulted on 30 May 2017.
 Quranism nyɛla Musulinsi adiini laɣingu yaɣ'shɛli ka di wuhiri ni Musulinsi adiini zalisi mini di baŋsibu tu ni di tam Quran zuɣu ka di pa ni sunnah bee Hadith, ni Alikuraani baŋdiba baŋsibu zaŋ chaŋ Musulinsi adiini daantalisi anu la ni. Lala laɣingu ŋɔ pili la 19th century zaŋ kana, ni ban tɛhiri kamani Syed Ahmad Khan, Abdullah Chakralawi ni Ghulam Ahmed Perwez ŋun be India m-bɔhiri hadiisi pilli. Egypt tiŋgbani ni, Muhammad Tawfiq Sidqi sabila lahabali din nyɛ "Islam is the Quran alone"  Al-Manār lahabali ni, ka ŋme nangbankpeeni ni Quran konko zaŋ tumtuma.  20th century bahigu Quran baŋda Rashad Khalifa, Egyptian-American baŋdi ŋun yɛli ni o daa yimina ni "numerological code in the Quran", ka kpa Quran baŋdiba laɣingu United Submitters International.

 Law and jurisprudence 

Sharia n-nyɛ adiini zaligu din pahi nam Musulunsi kaya ni taɣa. Di yimina Musulunsi adiini puuni, di bahi bahindi Quran mini Hadith. Larigu ni, bachi din nyɛ sharīʿah zanimi ti Naawuni ni bɔri zali shɛli ka di gabiri ni fiqh, din zani ti di baŋsibu tɔnyɛligi.Vikør, Knut S. 2014. "Sharīʿah." In The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics, edited by E. Shahin. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2020. Bɛ ni mali li tumdi tuma ʒaamani ŋɔ nyɛla din tahiri nangbankpeeni na nadaa Musulinima mini ban niŋdi taɣibunima.

Nadaaha lahabali din jendi zalisi gbubila sharia ni yi luɣ'shɛŋa na yaɣa dibaa anahi: dini n-nyɛ Quran, sunnah (Hadith ni Sira), qiyas, n-ti pahi ijma. Quote: "[...], by the ninth century, the classical theory of law fixed the sources of Islamic law at four: the Quran, the Sunnah of the Prophet, qiyas (analogical reasoning), and ijma (consensus)." Shikuruti pam kpuɣila sochibisi balibu ni di yihi sharia zalisi kundunima ni ka di nyɛla bɛ yɛn dolila so shɛli bɛ ni boli ijtihad. Nadaa zalisi gbubila yaɣa dibaa ayi,ʿibādāt (rituals) mini muʿāmalāt (social relations), ka di laɣim taba gbubi yaɣa pam. Di tuma chaŋmi ti gbaai pubu dibaa anu la puuni yini, ahkam: "mandatory" (fard), "recommended" (mustahabb), "permitted" (mubah), "abhorred" (makruh), "prohibited" (haram). Champaŋ nyɛla Musulinsi ni kpaŋsi shɛli ka tibidarigibo niŋ talahi ti taali tumdiba ni bɛ ni tum taali maa shɛm tariga. Sharia shɛŋa chanimi kperi "Western notion of law" ni ka di shɛŋa mi chanmi doli Naawuni ni bɔri shɛli biɛhigu ni.

 Schools of jurisprudence 


 Society 
 Daily and family life 

Dakulo pam tuma chaŋmi n-ti lu n-zahim adab, bee "etiquette". Bindiri shɛŋa din chihiri n-nyɛ kurichu nimdi, ʒim mini binkpiŋ nimdi. Alaafee nyɛla bɛ ni nyɛ ka shɛli nyɛ dihitabili din yina Naawuni sani, kamani daam binnyura nyɛla din chihira. Nimdi kam tum ni di yina nimadi din dibu bi chihiri ni ka bɛ lahi kɔrigili ni Naawuni yuli, Jew, be Doldolo, gbaai yihi tɔhigu dini bee zahim din gbahi kuliga ni. Kɔbiri nyɛla bɛ ni kpaŋsiri shɛli dobba ni ni ningbuna malibu, kamani dalima din ka nyahibu sabi pa ningbuna zuɣunyɛla bɛ ni mɔŋ shɛli. "Silk" mini salima nyɛla bɛ ni mɔŋ Musulinsi adiini dobba ni bɛ zaŋ niŋ bɛ maŋa. Haya, ka bɛ tooi lɛbigiri di gbunni "vi" bee "gahimbu", nyɛla bɛ ni kpaŋsi ni Musulimi mali shɛli ka wuhiri Musulimi biɛɣu kulo kam biɛhigu. Kamani shɛhira, nema yɛbu Musulinsi adiini ni tumi ni di gahim, din nima n-nyɛ "hijab"  zaŋ ti paɣaba. Lala n-lahi nyɛli, ninsalisili sabita gba nyɛla bɛ ni kpaŋsi shɛli. Yɛlimaŋ'tibo ni adiininima din pahi (tasamuh) nyɛla Sunni Musulinsi mabiligu ni saɣiti shɛli.

Musulinsi amiliya niŋbu ni, doo maa tumi ni o yo asadaachi (mahr).
Musulinima pam mali paɣa yini yini. Musulim dobaa ni tooi mali paɣa bɔbigu kani doo bɔ paɣa paai anahi. Musulinsi kpaŋsiya ni doo yi ku tooi tum adalich o paɣaba sunsuuni, ni din ŋuna ŋun bɔm paɣa yini. Di daliri shɛli nyɛla ni doo yi bo paɣaba pam o ni tooi sɔŋ ban ku tooi nyaŋ kamani liɣiri polo (e.g. pakoya). Amaa, paɣa tuuli mini o yidana ni tooi gbaai ni o bi lahi yɛn bo paɣa pahi. Amiliya niŋbu lahi mali balibu zaŋ chaŋ taɣada nima ni. Musulinsi adiini bi saɣiti ni paɣa mali yidaannima pam.

Bɛ yi dɔɣi bia naai, bɛ moonil la jiŋli n-niŋ o nudirigu ni ka yiɣisi jiŋli n-niŋ o nuzaa ni. Dabaa ayopɔin dali, ka bɛ niŋ suuna, ka bɛ kɔrigi binkɔbigu ka piri o nimdi tari ban bi nyanda. Bɛ pindila bia maa zuɣ, ka bɔ zabiri maa liɣiri ti ban ka yi ko. Do gunibu, bɛ ni boli shɛli khitan, nyɛla Musulinima ni niŋdi shɛli. Daadam laamba jilima tibu, ka lahi yuuniba viɛnyɛla nyɛa jama.

Bɛ kpaŋsiya ni Musulimi yi yɛn kpi ka o yɛli Shahada o yɛltɔga bahigu. Ku'yiya chandi nyɛla bɛ ni tibigi shɛli. Kpim sɔɣibu Musulinsi adiini ni, di ku tu ni nira yi kuli kpi ka bɛ sɔɣi o yomyom, ka hawa pishi ni anahi zuɣu ni. Bɛ surila kum maa kom, gbaa yihi "martyrs", paɣa surila paɣaba ka dobba suri dobba, ka bɛ niŋ o situra yuli booni kafan. Kum jiŋli yuli booni Salat al-Janazah nyɛla bɛ ni puhiri shɛli. Pampam kuhibu bi saɣiti. Bɛ dii bi kpaŋsi kum adakanima ka bi lahi dalindi gbala, hali nanima gba.

 Arts and culture 

 Malaika nima 

Malaika nima  (, ) nyɛla binnamda shɛŋa yɛltɔɣa bɛ ni yɛlli Alquran  mini hadiisi ni. Bɛ nyɛla bɛ buɣirisi shɛba Naawuni ni nam ni bɛ Jam o ka lahi tumdi tun'shɛŋa kamani yɛligu din yina Naawuni sani, sabiri ninsali kam tuma ka deeri ninsali kam nyɛvuli o kpibu saha. Bɛ nyɛla bɛ ni buɣisi ni bɛ zaŋ la neeisim nam ba  (nūr)"Nūr ." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. – via Encyclopedia.com.   bee buɣum (nār).. – via Encyclopedia.com.   Musulinsi adiini malaika nima tooi zooi ka bɛ nyɛla anthropomorphic forms ka laɣim ni supernatural anfooni nima kamani kpiŋkpana, nyɛ ban galisi. Nahingbana din niŋ bayana zaŋ n-ti malaika nima nyɛ bɛ ka niŋgbana yɛlibora mini suhiyurilim kamani dibu mini nyubu. Bɛ shɛba kamani  Gabriel (Jibrīl) mini Michael (Mika'il) nyɛla Alquran ni boli shɛba yuya. Malaika nima nyɛla ban tuma galisi "literature" zaŋ jandi Mi'raj, ni ka Muhammad daa nya malaika nima pam o chani alizanda ni. 

 Mysticism 

Sufism (Arabic: ),nyɛla "mystical-ascetic" sodoligu zaŋ chaŋ Musulinsi adiini din bɔri Nawwuni miribu ka doli Naawuni ni adalichi. Sufi baŋdiba kahigi tasawwuf ka di nyɛla "n-niŋ suhu kasi ka mɔŋ binshɛɣu kam dolibu ka doli Naawuni ko", Qur'an  karimbu ni sunnah dolibu mini fiqh zaŋ tum tuma ninsali biɛhigu ni. Ahmad ibn Ajiba kahigi tasawwuf ka di nyɛla "kali ni labbu, ka di piligu nyɛ baŋsim, di sunsuuni n-nyɛ zaŋ ku bukaata [lala baŋsim maa nyaaŋa], ka di bahigu nyɛ pini [din yina Naawuni sani]."Di pala musulinsi adiini pubu yaɣ'shɛli, ka ban be din ni be Musulinsi adiini pubu yaɣ'shɛŋa. Isma'ilism, ban baŋsibu yirina Gnosticism mini Neoplatonism niAndani, Khalil. "A Survey of Ismaili Studies Part 1: Early Ismailism and Fatimid Ismailism." Religion Compass 10.8 (2016): 191–206. n-ti tabili "Illuminationist" mini "Isfahan"Musulinsi adiini baŋsim shikuru, nyɛla din yina ni Musulinsi adiini kahigibu.Aminrazavi, Mehdi. [2009] 2016. "Mysticism in Arabic and Islamic Philosophy." The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by E. N. Zalta. Retrieved 25 May 2020. Hasan al-Basri, tuuli Sufi nyɛla bɛ ni tooi kani so pahiri tuuli tuuli ha Sufinima ni,Knysh, Alexander. 2015. Islam in Historical Perspective. Routledge. . p. 214. ka di yaa jendi dabiɛm zaŋ chaŋ tum birigi Naawuni ni bɔri shɛm ni. Zaŋ maɣisi ni, Sufinima ban daa doli nyaaŋa na ka mali yuya, kamani Mansur Al-Hallaj mini Jalaluddin Rumi, daa lihila adiini ni yurilim zaŋ ti Naawuni. 

 Prayer 

Suhigu musulinsi puuni ka bɛ booni as-salah bee aṣ-ṣalāt (), di nyɛla soli shɛli bɛ ni doli diri Naawuni fiila ka nyɛ din mali binshɛli ka bɛ kuli niŋdi labiri niŋda ka booni li rakat di ni nyɛ  bowing mini prostrating zaŋ n-ti Naawuni. Dabisili kam puuni bɛ suhiri la Naawuni bunu. Suhigu ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni niŋdi shɛli Larigu balli ni ka nyɛ ban tuhiri Kaaba. Di nyɛla din lahi bori kashi tali niŋbu di ni nyɛ wudu ritual wash bee talahi tali ni ghusl niŋgbana zaa paɣibu.

Jiŋli ni nyɛla place of worship zaŋ n-ti musulinnima ka bɛ tooi booni Larigu balli puuni masjid. Jiŋli tuma nyɛla luɣ'shɛli musulininma ni laɣindi taba suhiri Naawuni amaa di lahi nyɛla laɣingu shɛŋa din kpa talahi shee zaŋ n-ti  Muslim community. Kamani ŋmahinli,  Masjid an-Nabawi ("Prophetic Mosque") din be Medina, Saudi Arabia,nyɛla biɛhigu shee zaŋ n-ti fakari ni mali shɛba. Minarets nyɛla ban yunsiri boligu shɛli bɛ ni boli adhan, boligu din wuhiri suhibu saha.Pedersen, J., R. Hillenbrand, J. Burton-Page, et al. 2010. "." Encyclopedia of Islam. Leiden: Brill. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
 Almsgiving 

Zakat (Arabic: ), di ni tooi lahi sabi Zakāt  bee Zakah, nyɛla Naawuni zuɣu tibu balli shɛli ka nyɛ din mali di ni tiri shɛm tariga  (yuuni puuni kɔbigi puuni vaabu 2.5% )Ahmed, Medani, and Sebastian Gianci. "Zakat." p. 479 in Encyclopedia of Taxation and Tax Policy. zaŋ n-ti accumulated wealth n-ti ninvuɣ shɛba ban ni tooi niŋ li sɔŋ fara ni mali ninvuɣ shɛba kamani samli ni mali ninvuɣ shɛba, ŋun doli soli, n-ti pahi ninvuɣ shɛba zaa ban to zakat deebu. Di nyɛla binshɛli din nyɛ welfare n-ti musulinsi ʒilɛni. Di nyɛla adiini maa daatali yini ni bɛ sɔŋmi ban ka bee ban to zakat ŋɔ deebu dama lala buni shɛŋa zaa bɛ ni mali maa nyɛla Naawuni dini ,: This is not regarded as charity because it is not really voluntary but instead is owed, by those who have received their wealth as a trust from God's bounty, to the poor. ka lahi nyɛ din niŋdi niri buni kashi.  Sadaqah, din ŋmani Zakat nyɛla bɛ ni kpaŋsiri niriba ka di leei nyɛ suhiyubu Naawuni zuɣu tibu.  Waqf gba nyɛla charitable trust ka bɛ leei mali sɔŋdi ashibiti nima mini shikuruti nima ni musulim nima ʒilɛni .

 Pilgrimage 


Musulinsi adiini pilgrimage,bɛ booni li la  "" (), di nyɛla binshɛli musulimi nima ni niŋdi kamani yim niri nyɛvuli puuni di yi niŋ ka a mali di yiko Islamic month zaŋ n-ti Dhu al-Hijjah. Lala Hajj ŋɔ lahabaya tooi nyɛla din jandi Abraham daŋ.  Mecca, Hajj niŋdiba nyɛla ban chani gindi Kaaba buyopɔin zuɣu ka musulim nima mali dihitabili ni Abraham n-daa miɛ li jama shee, ka chani gindi Mount Safa and Marwa buyopɔin zuɣu, labiri kaani Abraham's paɣa Hagar chandi, ŋun daa lihiri m-bori kom shee ni o ti o bia yuli booni Ishmael kurumbuna ni ha pɔi ka Mecca lɛbigi tiŋa. Aʒi ŋɔ gba nyɛla dabisili bɛ ni suhiri ka jamdi  Mount Arafat ka di nahingbaŋ nyɛ stoning the Devil. Musulimi nima ban nyɛ dabba zaa nyɛla ban yɛri neen'piɛlli ayi ka bɛ boli ihram. Aʒi ŋɔ biɛhi shɛli nyɛ, Umrah, di pa talahi ka nyɛ di ni tooi niŋ saha kam yuuni puuni. Aʒi ŋɔ binshɛŋa nyɛla din niŋdi Medina,ni ka Muhammad daa kpi n-ti pahi Jerusalem, tiŋa zaŋ  Al-Aqsa.Trofimov, Yaroslav. 2008. The Siege of Mecca: The 1979 Uprising at Islam's Holiest Shrine. Knopf. New York. . p. 79.
 Other acts of worship 

Musulimi nima nyɛla ban karindi ka gbaari Alquran zaa bee di yaɣa shɛŋa. Tajwid nyɛ zalikpana zaŋ n-ti Alquran viɛnyɛla bolibu  . Musulimi nima pam nyɛla ban karindi Alquran noliri goli ni. Bɛ booni la ninvuɣ so ŋun gbaai Alquran zaa niŋ o zuɣu hafiz ("memorizer"), ka hadiisi yɛli ni lala niriba ŋɔ nyɛla ban sani tooi suhi deei shɛba Judgment Day.

Adua suhi ti Naawuni, Larigu balli ni Arabic  ( ) nyɛla din mali di zalikpana kamani raising hands kamani nuhi wuhibu.

Arkan al-Islam (five pillars of Islam):

Shahada
Asalaati
Nolɔri
Zaka
Aʒi

 Influences on other religions 

Laɣinsi shɛŋa, kamani Druze, Berghouata ni Ha-Mim, nyɛla din yina Musulinsi ni bee ka di mini Musulinsi adiini mali dihitabili yinsi, amaa di zaa nyɛla adiini yini bee di yila Musulinsi adiini ni na nyɛla nangbankpeeni ni be shɛli. Druze lahi nyɛla din chaŋ pirigiIsma'ilism pirim la di ni mali di maŋ zalisi la, ka naan yi waligi ka che  Ismāʿīlīsm mini Islam zaa; di shɛŋa n-nyɛ dihitabili din nyɛ ni Imam Al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh daa nyɛla Naawuni taɣimalisi. Yazdânism nyɛla din laɣim Kurdish dihitabili mini Islamic Sufi soya din kpeKurdistan ni , Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir ni daa ʒi shɛli na 12th century. Bábism yimina Twelver Shia ni ka yina Siyyid 'Ali Muhammad i-Shirazi al-Bab sani ka o nyaandoliba puuni yino  Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri Baha'u'llah kpa Baháʼí Faith. Sikhism, Guru Nanak ni kpa shɛli 15th century bahigu Punjab, ka di kperi ni Hinduism, ni Musulinsi adiini yaɣ'shɛŋa.Elsberg, Constance (2003), Graceful Women. University of Tennessee Press. . pp. 27–28.

Citations

Sources




















 Lay summary






























  Overview.















 Encyclopedias and dictionaries 













   – via Oxford Reference.



 Further reading 

 Encyclopedia of Sahih Al-Bukhari by Arabic Virtual Translation Center (New York 2019, Barnes & Noble ). The foundation of Islam: from revelation to tawhid.
 Abdul-Haqq, Abdiyah Akbar (1980). Sharing Your Faith with a Muslim. Minneapolis: Bethany House Publishers. N.B. Presents the genuine doctrines and concepts of Islam and of the Holy Qur'an, and this religion's affinities with Christianity and its Sacred Scriptures, in order to "dialogue" on the basis of what both faiths really teach. 



 Cragg, Kenneth (1975). The House of Islam, in The Religious Life of Man Series. Second ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company 1975. xiii, 145 p. .
 Hourani, Albert (1991). Islam in European Thought. First pbk. ed. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 1992, cop. 1991. xi, 199 p. ; alternative ISBN on back cover, 0-521-42120-0.

 Khanbaghi, A, (2006). The Fire, the Star and the Cross: Minority Religions in Medieval and Early Modern Iran. I. B. Tauris.
 Khavari, Farid A. (1990). Oil and Islam: the Ticking Bomb. First ed. Malibu, Calif.: Roundtable Publications. viii, 277 p., ill. with maps and charts. .










  Prepublication text available at: 




Category:610 establishments
Category:Abrahamic religions
Category:Monotheistic religions
Category:Religious organizations established in the 7th century

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