Lee "Scratch" Perry

Roedd Lee “Scratch” Perry (ganwyd Rainford Hugh Perry; 28 Mawrth 1936 – 29 Awst 2021) yn gynhyrchydd, cyfansoddwr caneuon, canwr a DJ o Jamaica. Roedd yn enwog am ei dechnegau stiwdio arloesol, ac roedd yn un o'r rhai a ail-luniodd gerddoriaeth Reggae.Katz, David (17 November 2009). People Funny Boy – The Genius Of Lee 'Scratch' Perry. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-85712-034-2.

Cafodd Perry ei eni yn Kendal, Jamaica. Roedd ymhlith y cynhyrchwyr-gerddorion cyntaf o Jamaica i ddefnyddio'r stiwdio fel offeryn, ac arloesodd gyda ffurf offerynnol "dub", lle tynnir rhannau o drac rhythm a phwysleisio eraill trwy atsain, ailadrodd a chwarae darnau o dâp o chwith.

Gweithiodd gydag amrywiaeth eang o artistiaid a chynhyrchu eu cerddoriaeth, gan gynnwys Bob Marley and the Wailers, Junior Murvin, The Congos, Max Romeo, Adrian Sherwood, Beastie Boys, Ari Up, The Clash, The Orb, a llawer mwy.

Arloeswr ecsentrig
Enillodd yr enw "Scratch" ar ôl un o'i recordiau yn y 1960au cynnar, The Chicken Scratch. Recordiodd i Coxsone Dodd, perchennog Stiwdio One un o labeli mawr Jamaica'r cyfnod. Cynhyrchodd hits i gantorion Reggae fel Justin Hines a Delroy Wilson a gwneud ei recordiau ei hun hefyd. 

Sgoriodd hit offerynnol gyda The Upsetter ym Mhrydain ar ddiwedd y 1960au ac enwodd ei label a'i fand The Upsetters ar ei ôl.  Chwaraeodd ran bwysig yn llwyddiant cynnar grŵp mwyaf Jamaica, y Wailers (gan gynnwys Bob Marley a Peter Tosh). 

O 1968 hyd 1972, gweithiodd gyda'i fand stiwdio The Upsetters. Yn ystod y 1970au, rhyddhaodd Perry nifer o recordiadau ar nifer o labeli recordiau yr oedd yn eu rheoli, ac roedd llawer o'i ganeuon yn boblogaidd tu hwnt i Jamaica. Roedd ei hit offerynnol The Return of Django yn 5 uchaf y siartiau Y BBC ym Mhrydain, 1969 ac yn yn boblogaidd iawn gyda'r Skinheads - ffasiwn oedd ar ei brig ar y pryd.

Ond daeth ei arloesiadau mwyaf ar ôl iddo adeiladu stiwdio Black Ark y tu ôl i'w gartref yn Kingston ym 1974. Dechreuodd arbrofi gyda pheiriannau drymiau ac effeithiau stiwdio oedd yn arwain at oes "Dub" y 1970au ac yn dylanwadu ar dechnegau cynhyrchu mewn reggae, hip - hop a roc am ddegawdau wedi hynny. Yn enwog am ei gymeriad ecsentrig, losgodd stiwdio'r Black Ark ym 1980.Heselgrave, Douglas (December 2006). "Lee Scratch Perry: From the Black Ark to the Skull Cave, the Madman Becomes a Psychiatrist". Music Box Magazine.

Ar ôl ddiwedd cyfnod y Back Art ar ddechrau'r 1980au, treuliodd Perry amser yn Lloegr a'r Unol Daleithiau, yn perfformio'n fyw ac yn gwneud recordiau achlysurol gydag amrywiaeth o gydweithredwyr.

Parhaodd albymau mwyfwy avant-garde Perry i ennill canmoliaeth feirniadol i'r 21ain ganrif. Enillodd Jamaican E.T. (2002) Wobr Grammy am yr albwm reggae gorau, ac enwebwyd The End of an American Dream (2007), Repentance (2008), Revelation (2010), a Back on the Controls (2014) i gyd yn y categori hwnnw. 

Yn 2012 derbyniodd Perry anrhydedd Jamaica, yr Order of Distinction, Commander Class. Bonitto, Brian (2012), "Tosh gets OM", Jamaica Observer, 7 Awst 2012.

Bu farw yn Lucea, yn 85 oed.

Discography
Gweithiodd Perry ar ganodd o draciau yn bennaf ar senglau 45 Jamaica. Mae'r rhestr ganlynol yn ddetholiad o rhai o'r albymau sydd wedi'u bod ar gael tu allan i Jamaica 

Reordiau hir
 The Upsetters – The Upsetter (1969)
 The Upsetters – Return of Django (1969)
 The Upsetters – Clint Eastwood (1970)
 The Upsetters – Many Moods of the Upsetters (1970)
 The Upsetters – Scratch the Upsetter Again (1970)
 The Upsetters – Eastwood Rides Again (1970)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Africa's Blood (1972)
 The Upsetters – Scratch the Upsetter – Cloak & Dagger (1973)
 The Upsetters – Rhythm Shower (1973)
 The Upsetters – Upsetters 14 Dub Blackboard Jungle|14 Dub Blackboard Jungle (1973)
 The Upsetters – Double Seven (1974)
 King Tubby Meets the Upsetter – At the Grass Roots of Dub (1974)
 The Upsetters – Musical Bones (1975)
 The Upsetters – Return of Wax (1975)
 The Mighty Upsetter – Kung Fu Meets the Dragon (1975) 
 Lee Perry & The Upsetters – Revolution Dub (1975) 
 The Upsetters – Super Ape (1976)
 Lee Perry – Roast Fish Collie Weed & Corn Bread (1978)
 The Upsetters – Return of the Super Ape (1978)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – The Return of Pipecock Jackxon (1980)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Black Ark In Dub (1981)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry & The Majestics – Mystic Miracle Star (1982) 
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – History, Mystery & Prophesy (1984)
 Lee 'Scratch' Perry and The Upsetters – Battle of Armagideon (Millionaire Liquidator) (1986)
 Lee 'Scratch' Perry + Dub Syndicate – Time Boom X De Devil Dead (1987)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Satan Kicked the Bucket (1988)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry with Mad Professor – Mystic Warrior (1989)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry with Mad Professor – Mystic Warrior Dub (1989)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Message from Yard (1990)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – From the Secret Laboratory (1990)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry Meets Bullwackie – Satan's Dub (1990)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Spiritual Healing (1990) 
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Lord God Muzik (1991)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – The Upsetter and the Beat (1992)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry & Mad Professor – Black Ark Experryments (1995) 
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Experryments at the Grass Roots of Dub (1995)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry featuring Mad Professor/Douggie Digital/Juggler – Super Ape Inna Jungle (1996) 
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Who Put the Voodoo Pon Reggae (1996)
 Mad Professor & Lee " Scratch" Perry – Dub Take the Voodoo Out of Reggae (1996) 
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Technomajikal (1997)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Dub Fire (1998) 
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Fire in Dub (1998) 
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – On the Wire (2000)
 Mad Professor & Lee "Scratch" Perry – Techno Party (2000)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry & Niney the Observer – Station Underground Report (2001)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Jamaican E.T. (2002)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Alien Starman (2003)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry and the Whitebellyrats – Panic in Babylon (2004)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – End of an American Dream (2007)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – The Mighty Upsetter (2008)
 Lee "$cratch" Perry – Repentance (2008 album)|Repentance (2008)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Scratch Came Scratch Saw Scratch Conquered (2008)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry & Adrian Sherwood – Dub Setter (2009) 
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – The Unfinished Master Piece (2010)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Revelation (2010)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry & Bill Laswell – Rise Again (2011)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Master Piece (2012)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry & ERM – Humanicity (2012)
 The Orb feat. Lee "Scratch" Perry – The Orbserver in the Star House (2012)
 The Orb feat. Lee "Scratch" Perry – More Tales from the Orbservatory (2013)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Back on the Controls (2014)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry & Pura Vida – The Super Ape Strikes Again (2015)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Must Be Free (2016)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Science, Magic, Logic (2017)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry & Subatomic Sound System – Super Ape Returns to Conquer (2017)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – The Black Album (2018)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Alien Dub Massive (2019)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry & Woodie Taylor – Big Ben Rock (2019)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Rainford (2019)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry & Mr. Green – Super Ape vs. 緑: Open Door (2019)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Life of Plants (2019)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Heavy Rain (2019)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Live in Brighton (2020)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Lee Scratch Perry Presents The Full Experience (2020)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry and Spacewave – Dubz of the Root (2021)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry & Ral Ston – Friends (2021)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry & Ral Ston & Scientist – Scratch & Scientist Meet Ral Ston To Conquer The Evil Duppies (2021)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry & New Age Doom – Lee "Scratch" Perry's Guide to the Universe (2021)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – Heaven (2023)
 Lee "Scratch" Perry – King Perry (album) (2024)

Amlgyfrannog
 DIP Presents the Upsetter (1975)
 Scratch on the Wire (1979)
 The Upsetter Collection (1981)
 Megaton Dub (1983)
 Arkology (album)|Arkology (1997)
 Ape-ology (2007)
 King Scratch Musical (2022)

 Cyfeiriadau 


Categori:Genedigaethau 1936
Categori:Marwolaethau 2021

Categori:Cerddoriaeth Jamaica
Categori:Cerddorion reggae
Categori:Cynhyrchwyr recordiau