Helfa ddewiniaid

Chwiliad am bobl sydd wedi cael eu labelu'n wrachod neu chwiliad am dystiolaeth o ddewiniaeth yw helfa ddewiniaid, neu helfa wrachod yn fwy modern yn y Gymraeg. Yng nghyfnod cynnar y Dwyrain Canol, roedd ymarfer swynion drwg neu swynganu wedi'i wahardd ac yn gosbadwy. Yn Ewrop ganoloesol, roedd helfeydd dewiniaid yn aml yn codi mewn cysylltiad â chyhuddiadau o heresi gan Gristnogaeth. Digwyddodd cyfnod dwys o helfeydd dewiniaid a ddigwyddodd yn Ewrop Fodern Gynnar ac i raddau llai yn America Drefedigaethol, o tua 1450 i 1750, gan gwmpasu cynnwrf y Gwrth-Ddiwygiad a Rhyfel y Deng Mlynedd ar Hugain, gan arwain at oddeutu 35,000 i 60,000 o ddienyddiadau.  Digwyddodd y dienyddiadau olaf o bobl a gafwyd yn euog fel gwrachod yn Ewrop yn y 18fed ganrif. Mewn rhanbarthau eraill, fel Affrica ac Asia, mae hela dewiniaid cyfoes wedi cael eu hadrodd o Affrica is-Sahara a Phapua Gini Newydd, ac mae deddfwriaeth swyddogol yn erbyn dewiniaeth i'w chael o hyd yn Sawdi Arabia, Camerŵn a De Affrica heddiw.

 Troednodiadau 

 Cyfeiriadau 

 Darllen pellach 


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 Purkiss, Diane. The Bottom of the Garden, Dark History of Fairies, Hobgoblins, and Other Troublesome Things. Chapter 3 Brith and Death: Fairies in Scottish Witch-trials New York: New York University Press, 2000, pp. 85–115.
 West, Robert H. Reginald Scot and Renaissance Writings. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1984.
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 Winkler, Albert (2023) "Judicial Murder: The Witch-Craze in Germany and Switzerland," Swiss American Historical Society Review, Vol. 59: No. 1, Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sahs_review/vol59/iss1/2

 Dolenni allanol 

 Cofnod Gwyddoniadur Catholig 1913 ar "Witchcraft"
 Douglas Linder (2005), Hanes Byr o Erledigaethau Dewiniaeth cyn Salem

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