Prifysgol Copenhagen

Prifysgol Copenhagen (Daneg: Københavns Universitet) yw'r brifysgol a sefydliad ymchwil hynaf a mwyaf yn Copenhagen, prifddinas Denmarc. Mae ganddo tua 37,000 o fyfyrwyr, y mwyafrif ohonynt yn fenywod, a mwy na 9,000 o weithwyr. Mae gan y Brifysgol nifer o gampysau wedi'u lleoli ledled Copenhagen, gyda'r hynaf sydd wedi'i lleoli yng nghanol y ddinas. Sefydlwyd y Brifysgol yn 1479. Dysgir y mwyafrif o'r cyrsiau yn y Daneg, ond cynigir mwy a mwy o gyrsiau yn Saesneg a rhai yn Almaeneg. Mae'r Brifysgol yn aelod o Gynghrair Ryngwladol Prifysgolion Ymchwil (IARU). Mae yn y 10 uchaf o'r "Prifysgolion Gorau yn y Byd" (Safleoedd Webometrics). Mae'n aelod o'r League of European Research Universities.

bawd|240px|dim|Prif Adeilad y Brifysgol ar Frue Plads
bawd|dim|Prifysgol Copenhagen, Prif Adeilad ar Frue Plads

Hanes
Sefydlwyd Prifysgol Copenhagen ym 1479 gan archddyfarniad brenhinol o'r enw Universitas Hafniensis (o Hafnia, hen enw Lladiniedig ar  Copenhagen). Dechreuwyd gan ddysgu diwinyddiaeth, cyfraith, meddygaeth ac athroniaeth Gatholig Rufeinig. Yn 1537, gyda dyfodiad y Diwygiad Protestanaidd i'r brifysgol, a trowyd fewn i seminar Protestannaidd. Bellach ystyrir y dyddiad hwn yn ddyddiad ymgorffori arall ac fe'i nodir hefyd ar sêl swyddogol y Brifysgol. Gan ddechrau gyda'r Gyfadran Diwinyddiaeth ym 1675, pasiodd yr holl gyfadrannau arholiadau arholiad tan 1788, a oedd ar hyn o bryd yn ofynnol am gael gradd.

Dinistrwyd bron yr holl o adeiladau'r Briysgol yn gwarchae'r Admiral Nelson yn 1807 fel rhan o'r Rhyfeloedd Napoleonaidd pan bomiwyd Copenhagen. Erbyn 1836, cafodd nifer o adeiladau newydd - gan gynnwys y prif adeilad presennol - eu sefydlu, a sawl newydd - yn enwedig cyrsiau technegol a gyflwynwyd. Erbyn 1850, roedd y cyfadrannau hefyd yn cael diwygiadau radical, er enghraifft, roedd mathemateg a gwyddoniaeth wedi'u rhannu oddi ar Gyfadran y Celfyddydau.

bawd|dim|The Rundetårn (tŵr crwn) a ddefnyddwyd yn y 17g fel gwylfa gan Ole Rømer

Cyfredol
Rhwng 1960 a 1980, brasgamodd nifer y myfyrwyr o 6,000 i fwy na 25,000. O ganlyniad, agorwyd campws newydd ar ynys Amager. Yn ogystal, cyflwynwyd camau pwysig tuag at ddemocratiaeth a chyfranogiad myfyrwyr o 1970 i 1973, ac o 1990 i 1993 cyflwynwyd gradd Baglor ar gyfer bron pob rhaglen radd.

Mae'r corff llywodraethol yn rheoli cyllideb flynyddol o tua BDKK 8.3. ($1.5 biliwn yn 2013) 

Trefnir y Brifysgol yn chwe chyfadran a thua 100 o adrannau a chanolfannau ymchwil. Mae'r Brifysgol yn cyflogi tua 5,600 o staff academaidd a 4,400 o staff technegol a gweinyddol.

Mae cyfanswm y myfyrwyr cofrestredig tua 40,000, gan gynnwys tua 23,000 o fyfyrwyr israddedig a 17,000 o fyfyrwyr graddedigion. Mae UCPH wedi sefydlu rhaglen dalent i raddedigion rhyngwladol sy'n darparu grantiau ar gyfer Ph.D rhyngwladol, myfyrwyr a system gludydd trac daliadaeth. Mae UCPH yn gweithredu tua hanner cant o raglenni meistr a addysgir yn Saesneg, ac mae wedi trefnu tua 150 o gytundebau cyfnewid gyda sefydliadau eraill a 800 o gytundebau Erasmus. Bob blwyddyn mae oddeutu 1,700 o fyfyrwyr cyfnewid sy'n dod i mewn, 2,000  o fyfyrwyr cyfnewid allan a 4,000 o fyfyrwyr sy'n ceisio graddio rhyngwladol.https://about.ku.dk/facts-figures/ Mae tua 3,000 o fyfyrwyr PhD yn astudio yno bob blwyddyn. Daw hanner y myfyrwyr tramor o wledydd Sgandinafaidd eraill.

Academaidd
Ar hyn o bryd mae gan Brifysgol Copenhagen wyth cyfadran, er bod cyfansoddiad a nifer y cyfadrannau wedi newid dros amser.
Cyfadran y Gwyddorau Iechyd
Cyfadran y Dyniaethau
Cyfadran y Gyfraith
Cyfadran y Gwyddorau Bywyd
Cyfadran y Gwyddorau Fferyllol
Cyfadran y Gwyddorau
Cyfadran y Gwyddorau Cymdeithasol
Cyfadran Diwinyddiaeth

Alumni Adnabyddus (cronolegol)
bawd|Tycho Brahe 
bawd|Ole Rømer
bawd|Søren Kierkegaard 
dde|bawd|Niels Bohr 
bawd|Piet Hein 
 Tycho Brahe (1546–1601), Astronomegydd Daneg, y cyntaf i gofnodi'n wyddonol y supernova. Mentor Johannes Kepler.
 Thomas Fincke (1561–1656), Mathemategyd a Ffisegydd Daneg.
 Caspar Bartholin (1585–1629), Athro meddygyniaeth a diwinyddiaeth. Awdur gwerslyfr ar anatomi a darganfyddydd gweithredoedd y nerf olfactory.
 Olaus Wormius (1588–1655), Ffisegwr ac Hynafiaethwr Daneg.
 Thomas Bartholin (1616–1680), darganfyddydd y system lymffatig.
 Rasmus Bartholin (1625–1698), Athro mewn geometreg a meddygyniaeth. Darganfyddydd birefringence, ond methodd â rhoi esboniad wyddonol.
 Thomas Hansen Kingo (1634–1703), Esgob a bardd Daneg.
 Nicholas Steno (1638–1696), Arloeswr mewn anatomi a daeareg.
 Ole Rømer (1644–1710), Danish astronomer, made the first quantitative measurements of the speed of light.
 Peder Horrebow (1679–1764), Danish astronomer and member of Académie des Sciences.
 Ludvig Holberg (1684–1754), Danish-Norwegian writer and playwright.
 Morten Thrane Brunnich (1737–1827), Danish zoologist.
 Caspar Wessel (1745–1818), mathematician.
 Martin Vahl (1749–1804), Danish-Norwegian botanist and zoologist.
 Hans Christian Ørsted (1777–1851), Danish physicist and chemist, discovered electromagnetism.
 Anders Sandøe Ørsted (1778–1860), cyfreithiwr a phrif weinidog Denmarc 1853–4
 Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger (1779–1850), poet, author of lyrics of the Danish national anthem Der er et yndigt land.
 N.F.S. Grundtvig (1783–1872), Danish writer, poet, philosopher and priest.
 Christopher Hansteen (1784–1873), Norwegian astronomer and physicist.
 Johan Ludvig Heiberg (1791–1860), Danish poet and critic.
 Magnús Eiríksson (1806–1881), Icelandic theologian.
 Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855), Danish theologian and philosopher, the father of existentialism.
 Anders Sandøe Ørsted (1816–1872), professor of botany 1851–1862.
 Hinrich Johannes Rink (1819–1893), Danish geologist, and founder of the first Greenlandic language newspaper.
 Peter Ludvig Panum (1820–1885), Danish physiologist and pathologist, the Panum Building in Copenhagen is named in his honor.
 Hans Schjellerup (1827–1887), Danish astronomer.
 Carl Lange (1834–1900), Danish physician.
 Thorvald N. Thiele (1838–1910), Danish astronomer, actuary and mathematician.
 Julius Petersen (1839–1910), Danish mathematician.
 Eugenius Warming (1841–1924), Danish botanist and founding figure of ecology.
 Georg Brandes (1842–1927), Danish writer and critic.
 Vilhelm Thomsen (1842–1927), Danish linguist.
 Harald Høffding (1843–1931), Danish philosopher theologian psychologist.
 Hans Christian Gram (1853–1938), Danish bacteriologist, inventor of Gram staining.
 Christian Bohr (1855–1911), Danish physician who described Bohr effect.
 Wilhelm Johannsen (1857–1927), Danish botanist, first coined the word gene in its modern usage.
 Niels Ryberg Finsen (1860–1904), Nobel laureate in medicine (1903).
 Otto Jespersen (1860–1943), Danish linguist, co-founder of the International Phonetic Association.
 Kirstine Meyer (1861–1941), Danish physicist.
 Hannes Hafstein (1861–1922), Icelandic politician and poet.
 Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger (1867–1928), Nobel laureate in medicine (1926).
 Holger Pedersen (1867–1953), Danish linguist.
 S. P. L. Sørensen (1868–1939), Danish chemist who introduced the concept of pH.
 Martin Knudsen (1871–1949), Danish physicist.
 August Krogh (1874–1949), Nobel laureate in medicine (1920).
 Holger Scheuermann (1877–1960), Danish surgeon after whom Scheuermann's disease is named.
 Kirstine Smith (1878–1939), Danish statistician credited with creation of optimal design of experiments.
 Benjamin Christensen (1879–1959), Danish film director, screenwriter and actor.
 Niels Bohr (1885–1962), contributed to development of the atomic model and quantum mechanics. Director at the university's Institute of Theoretical Physics. Nobel laureate in physics (1922).
 Øjvind Winge (1886–1964), Danish biologist.
 Harald Bohr (1887–1951), Danish Olympic silver medalist football player and mathematician; brother of Niels Bohr.
 Inge Lehmann (1888–1993), Danish seismologist discovering the Earth's inner core.
 Jakob Nielsen (1890–1959), Danish mathematician.
 Julie Vinter Hansen (1890–1960), Danish astronomer.
 Oskar Klein (1894–1977), Swedish theoretical physicist.
 Henrik Dam (1895–1976), Nobel laureate in medicine (1943).
 Sir Ove Arup (1896–1988), Anglo-Danish structural engineer.
 Alf Ross (1899–1979), Danish legal philosopher.
 Louis Hjelmslev (1899–1965), Danish linguist, founder of Copenhagen School.
 Georg Rasch (1901–1980), Danish mathematician, statistician, and psychometrician.
 Knud Ejler Løgstrup (1905–1981), Danish philosopher and theologian. Pastor at Sandager-Holevad 1936–1943. Professor at University of Aarhus 1943–1975.
 Piet Hein (1905–1996), Danish mathematician, inventor and poet.
 Bengt Strömgren (1908–1987), Danish astronomer and astrophysicist.
 Hilde Levi (1909–2003), German-Danish physicist.
 Niels Kaj Jerne (1911–1994), Nobel laureate in medicine (1984).
 Preben von Magnus (1912-1973), Danish virologist who gave name to the Von Magnus phenomenon.
 Jens Otto Krag (1914–1978), Prif Weinidog Denmarc 1962–8, 1971–2
 Poul Hartling (1914–2000), Prif Weinidog Denmarc 1973–5; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1978-1985), Nobel Peace Prize laureate on behalf of UNHCR(1981).
 Bjørn Aage Ibsen (1915-2007),  Anesthetist and founder of intensive-care medicine
 Poul Bjørndahl Astrup (1915-2000), Danish clinical chemist, inventor of blood gas analyzer.
 Jens Christian Skou (born 1918), Nobel laureate in chemistry (1997) for his discovery of Na+,K+-ATPase.
 Hans H. Ørberg (1920–2010), linguist and scholar.
 Aage Bohr (1922–2009), professor in nuclear physics and director of the Niels Bohr Institute at the university. Nobel laureate in physics (1975).
 Halfdan T. Mahler (born 1923), Director-General of World Health Organization(1973–1988).
 Ben Roy Mottelson (born 1926), American-born Danish nuclear physicist, Nobel laureate in physics (1975).
 Peter Naur (1928-2016), computer scientist, Turing Award in 2005.
 Poul Schlüter (g. 1929), Prif Weinidog Denmarc 1982–1993
 Vigdís Finnbogadóttir (born 1930), the 4th President of Iceland (1980–1996).
 Jørgen Rischel (1934–2007), Danish linguist who analyzed Greenlandic and Mon-Khmer languages.
 Per Kirkeby (born 1938), Danish painter and sculptor.
 Per Pinstrup-Andersen (born 1939), Danish economist, 2001 World Food Prize laureate.
 Søren Johansen (born 1939), Danish econometrician.
 Lasse Hessel (born 1940), inventor of female condom.
 Anders Boserup (1940 – 1990), co-founder of the Danish Institute for Peace and Conflict Research and the Nordic Peace Foundation. 
 Aage B. Sørensen (1941–2001), Danish sociologist.
 Holger Bech Nielsen (born 1941), Danish physicist, one of three creators of string theory.
 Jørgen Haugan (born 1941), Doctorate in Philosophy (1977); Norwegian author and lecturer.
 Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (g. 1943), Prif Weinidog Denmarc 1993–2001
 Niels Peter Lemche (born 1945), biblical scholar, founder of Copenhagen School.
 Mogens Lykketoft (born 1946), Danish politician, the 70th President of the United Nations General Assembly(2015-2016).
 Halldór Ásgrímsson (g. 1947), Prif Weinidog Gwlad yr Iâ 2004–6
 Uffe Haagerup (born 1949), Danish mathematician.
 Peter Høeg (born 1957), Danish fiction writer, won international acclaim with Smilla's Sense of Snow.
 Morten Frost (born 1958), Danish world-class badminton player and coach.
 Mads Tofte (born 1959), computer scientist, vice chancellor of IT University of Copenhagen.
 Ole Wæver (born 1960), scholar of International Relations, one of exponents of Copenhagen School.
 Steve Scully (born 1960), American host, senior producer, and political editor of the C-SPAN network's Washington Journal studied at the University of Copenhagen as part of his master's program at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois.
 Corinna Cortes (born 1961), computer scientist.
 Lars Løkke Rasmussen (g. 1964),  Prif Weinidog Denmarc 2009–2011, 2015–presennol
 Lars Mikkelsen (born 1964), Danish actor.
 Bjørn Lomborg (born 1965), Danish economist, author of The Skeptical Environmentalist.
 Helle Thorning-Schmidt (g. 1966), Prif Weinidog Denmarc 2011–15
 Eskild Ebbesen (born 1972), Danish world-class lightweight rower.
Høgni Reistrup (born 1984), MA in Media Studies 2010 from the University of Copenhagen

Cyfeiriadau

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