Galliformes

Urdd o adar trwm eu cyrff yw'r Galliformes sy'n cynnwys: Twrciod, grugieir, ieir, Soflieir (Hen Fyd a Byd Newydd), Lagopus, petris, ffesantod, ieir y goedwig (junglefowl) a'r Cracidae. 'Ceiliog' yn Lladin yw "gallus", sef tarddiad y gair. Adar hela neu ffowls a ddywedir yn gyffredinol.

Mae gan y grŵp hwn oddeutu 290 o wahanol rywogaethau, gyda rhai ohonynt ym mhob cornel o'r Ddaear, ar wahân i fannau rhewllyd neu anialwch. Mae sawl math wedi eu ffermio gan bobl, er mwyn eu bwyta.

Ceir pum teulu o fewn yr urdd:
Phasianidae
Odontophoridae
Numididae
Cracidae
Megapodiidae

Cyfeiriadau

Llyfryddiaeth
 Agnolin, Federico L.; Novas, Fernando E. & Lio, Gabriel (2006): Neornithine bird coracoid from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia. Ameghiniana 43(1): 245–248. HTML fulltext
 Clarke, Julia A. (2004): Morphology, Phylogenetic Taxonomy, and Systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 286: 1–179 PDF testun llawn 
 Crowe, Timothy M.; Bloomer, Paulette; Randi, Ettore; Lucchini, Vittorio; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Braun, Edward L. & Groth, Jeffrey G. (2006a): Supra-generic cladistics of landfowl (Order Galliformes). Acta Zoologica Sinica 52(Supplement): 358–361. PDF testun llawn 
 Crowe, Timothy M.; Bowie, Rauri C.K.; Bloomer, Paulette; Mandiwana, Tshifhiwa G.; Hedderson, Terry A.J.; Randi, Ettore; Pereira, Sergio L. & Wakeling, Julia (2006b): Phylogenetics, biogeography and classification of, and character evolution in, gamebirds (Aves: Galliformes): effects of character exclusion, data partitioning and missing data. Cladistics 22(6): 495–532.  PDF testun llawn 
 Dyke, Gareth J; Gulas, Bonnie E. & Crowe, Timothy M. (2003): Suprageneric relationships of galliform birds (Aves, Galliformes): a cladistic analysis of morphological characters. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 137(2): 227–244.  PDF testun llawn
 Kimball, Rebecca T.; Braun, Edward L.; Zwartjes, P.W.; Crowe, Timothy M. & Ligon, J. David (1999): A molecular phylogeny of the pheasants and partridges suggests that these lineages are not monophyletic. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 11(1): 38–54.  PDF testun llawn 
 Kimball, Rebecca T.; Braun, Edward L.; Ligon, J. David; Lucchini, Vittorio & Randi, Ettore (2001): A molecular phylogeny of the peacock-pheasants (Galliformes: Polyplectron spp.) indicates loss and reduction of ornamental traits and display behaviours. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 73(2): 187–198.  PDF testun llawn 
 Kimball, Rebecca T.; Braun, Edward L.; Ligon, J. David; Randi, Ettore &  Lucchini, Vittorio (2006): Using molecular phylogenetics to interpret evolutionary changes in morphology and behavior in the Phasianidae. Acta Zoologica Sinica 52(Supplement): 362–365. PDF testun llawn 

Categori:Galliformes