پیڕستی خەلیفە عەباسیەکان

خەلیفە عەباسییەکان خاوەنی نازناوی ئیسلامی خەلیفە بوون کە ئەندامی بنەماڵەی عەباسی بوون کە لقێک بوو لە ھۆزی قوڕەیش کە لە مامی پێغەمبەری ئیسلامی محەممەد و عەباسی کوڕی عەبدولموتەلیبەوە ھاتبوون.

ئەم بنەماڵەیە لە شۆڕشی عەباسی لە ساڵانی ٧٤٨–٧٥٠ ھاتە سەر دەسەڵات و جێگەی خەلافەتی ئومەوی گرتەوە. ئەوان فەرمانڕەوای خەلافەتی عەباسی بوون، ھەروەھا سەرۆکی ئیکۆمێنیکی ئیسلام بوون کە بەگشتی دانپێدانراون، تا سەدەی ١٠، کاتێک خەلافەتی فاتیمی شیعە (کە لە ساڵی ٩٠٩ دامەزرا) و خەلافەتی کۆردۆبا (کە لە ساڵی ٩٢٩ دامەزرا) تەحەدای سەروەری خۆیان کرد. پاشەکشەی سیاسی عەباسییەکان پێشتر دەستی پێکردبوو، لە سەردەمی ئانارشی لە سامەرا (٨٦١–٨٧٠)، کە پارچەبوونی جیھانی موسڵمانانی خێراتر کرد بۆ بنەماڵە سەربەخۆکان. خەلیفەکان لە ساڵانی ٩٣٦ – ٩٤٦دا دەسەڵاتی کاتی خۆیان لەدەستدا، سەرەتا بۆ زنجیرەیەک پیاوی بەھێزی سەربازی و دواتر بۆ میرەکانی شیعە بوید کە دەستیان بەسەر بەغدادا گرت؛ بە نۆرەی بوییدەکان لە ناوەڕاستی سەدەی ١١دا تورکە سەلجوقییە سوننەکان جێگەیان گرتەوە و فەرمانڕەواکانی تورکیا نازناوی " سوڵتان "یان گرتە ئەستۆ بۆ ئەوەی دەسەڵاتی کاتی خۆیان نیشان بدات. خەلیفە عەباسییەکان وەک سوزەرینەکانی ئیسلامی سوننە ناسراو بە گشتی مانەوە، بەڵام. لە ناوەڕاستی سەدەی دوازدەھەمدا عەباسییەکان سەربەخۆیی خۆیان لە سەلجوقەکان وەرگرتەوە، بەڵام زیندووکردنەوەی دەسەڵاتی عەباسییەکان بە سەککردنی بەغدا لەلایەن مەغۆلەکانەوە لە ساڵی ١٢٥٨ کۆتایی ھات.

زۆربەی خەلیفە عەباسییەکان لە دایکی خەزوور لەدایکبوون، ناسراو بە ئوم الولاد (). ئەم زاراوەیە ئاماژەیە بۆ ژنێکی کۆیلە کە لە خاوەنەکەی منداڵێکی بووە؛ ئەو ژنانە بە جوانی و زیرەکی خۆیان بەناوبانگ بوون، بەو پێیەی خاوەنەکەی دەکرا شەرعییەتی منداڵەکانی لێیان بناسێت کە لە ڕووی یاسایییەوە ئازادن و مافی تەواوی میراتیان ھەیە، و دوای ئەوە خۆی لە بازرگانیکردن بە دایکان بەدوور بگرێت. ئەو خەزوورانە لە زەوییە غەیرە موسڵمانەکانەوە ھاتبوون و لە خەلافەتی عەباسی لە ڕێگەی کۆمەڵێک ڕێگای جیاوازی بازرگانی کۆیلەیەوە ھێنرانە کۆیلایەتی. خەزوورە کۆیلەکان زۆربەیان حەبەشە و ئەرمەنی و بەربەر و یۆنانی بیزەنتین و تورک یان تەنانەت خەڵکی سیسیلیش بوون.

 خەلیفە عەباسییەکان (٧٥٠–١٢٥٨) 
ئەمە لیستی خەلیفە عەباسییەکانە.
No.ReignRegnal NamePersonal NameParentsNotable Events١٧٥٠ – ٨ حوزەیران ٧٥٤al-SaffāḥAbū’l-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh Muhammad ibn Ali
 Rayta bint Ubaydallah al-Harsia Descendant of al-Abbas, Muhammad's uncle.
 Founder of the Abbasid dynasty (second dynasty of Islamic Caliphate).
 Battle of Talas (751) secures Muslim predominance in Central Asia.٢١٠ حوزەیران ٧٥٤ – ٧٧٥al-ManṣūrAbū Jaʿfar ʿAbd Allāh Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdullah
 Sallamah, (possibly from Nefzaoua) Nominated heir by his brother caliph Al-Saffah (the founder of Abbasid dynasty) in 754.
 Al-Mansur was proclaimed Caliph on his way to Mecca in the year 753 CE (136 AH) and was inaugurated the following year.
 Founder of Baghdad. He was one of the famous Abbasid caliphs.
 During his reign, a Fugitive Umayyad prince Abd al-Rahman I founds the Emirate of Córdoba in al-Andalus (756).٣٧٧٥ – ٤ ئاب ٧٨٥<b id="mwjw">al-Mahdī</b> bi-'llāhAbū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad Al-Mansur
 Umm Musa Arwa bint Mansur al-Himyari Nominated heir by his father After the death of his father, he succeeded him.
 Al-Mahdi commenced his rule by releasing several political prisoners, expanding and decorating the holy places of Mecca and Medina, and building fountains and lofts for Hajj pilgrims. He expanded the mail service, increased his secret service, fortified cities, and increased judicial appointments. His charitable giving was also impressive.٤ئاب ٧٨٥ – ١٤ ئەیلوول ٧٨٦al-HādīAbū Muḥammad Mūsā Al-Mahdi
 Al-Khayzuran bint 'Attia Nominated first heir by his father Al-Mahdi after the death of his father, he succeeded him٥١٤ ئەیلوول ٧٨٦ – ٢٤ ئازار ٨٠٩al-RashīdHārūn Al-Mahdi
 Al-Khayzuran bint 'Atta Nominated second heir by his father al-Mahdi, after the death of his brother Caliph al-Hadi, he succeeded him in 786.٦ئازار ٨٠٩ – ٢٤/٢٥ ئەیلوول ٨١٣al-AmīnAbū Mūsā Muḥammad Harun al-Rashid
 Umm Ja'far Zubaidah bint Ja'far ibn al-Mansur Nominated first heir by his father Harun al-Rashid, after the death of his father in 809, he succeeded him.
 He tried to remove his half-brother Abdallah al-Ma'mun from line of succession. In 811, a Civil war of the Fourth Fitna began. Al-Amin was deposed and killed at the Siege of Baghdad.٧ئەیلوول ٨١٣ – ٩ ئاب ٨٣٣al-MaʾmūnAbū'l-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh Harun al-Rashid
 Umm Abdallah Marajil Nominated second heir by his father. His half-brother al-Amin tried to remove him as heir. He overthrow al-Amin and succeeded his half-brother al-Amin after a civil war in 813. Victor of the civil war.
 Launch of the Translation Movement, major revamp of the House of Wisdom, and systematic support of scholars for the gathering and translation of knowledge from various civilizations.
 During his reign, Caliphate expanded its rule in Mediterranean Islands especially with Establishment of the Emirate of Crete (824/827) and Start of the Muslim conquest of Sicily (827)
 By the end of al-Ma'mun's reign in 833, Ibn Abi Du'ad had become a close associate of the caliph, and on his deathbed al-Ma'mun recommended to his brother and successor al-Mu'tasim that he admit Ibn Abi Du'ad to his circle of advisors.; ; ; .٨٩ ئاب ٨٣٣ – ٥ کانوونی دووەم ٨٤٢al-Muʿtaṣim bi-’llāhAbū Isḥāq Muḥammad Harun al-Rashid
 Maridah bint Shabib, probably from Sughd Region His brother, Al-Ma'mun had made no official provisions for his succession. According to the account of al-Tabari, on his deathbed al-Ma'mun dictated a letter nominating his brother, rather than his son al-Abbas, as his successor.
 Establishment of the Turkish ghilman in positions of power. Militarization and centralization of the administration.
 The start of official support for Mu'tazilism, institution of the mihna from in 833. under Abbasid official Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad.
 Founder of Samarra city. He moved the capital to Samarra in 836.٩٥ کانوونی دووەم ٨٤٢ – ١٠ ئاب ٨٤٧<b id="mwARY">al-Wāthiq</b> bi-'llāhAbū Jaʿfar Hārūn Al-Mu'tasim
 Qaratis, Greek concubine When his father, al-Mu'tasim took care for his son and heir to acquire experience in governance.
 Nominated heir by his father. Al-Wathiq succeeded his father and ruled as Caliph for six years.
 Al-Wathiq died as the result of dropsy, while being seated in an oven in an attempt to cure it.١٠١٠ ئاب ٨٤٧ – ١١ کانوونی یەکەم ٨٦١<b id="mwAS4">al-Mutawakkil</b> ʿalā 'llāhJaʿfar Al-Mu'tasim
 Umm Ja'far Shuja As a young prince, he was appointed as Amir al-hajj by his brother Al-Wathiq in 842 and he remained a Courtier under his brother's reign.
 End of official support for Mu'tazilism, abolition of the miḥnah (848/851). Return to traditional orthodoxy.
 Al-Mutawakkil was the last great Abbasid caliph; after his death the dynasty would fall into a decline. He was Assassinated by his guards with support of his son al-Muntasir.١١861 – 7 or ٨ حوزەیران ٨٦٢<b id="mwAUQ">al-Muntaṣir</b> bi-'llāhAbū Jaʿfar Muḥammad Al-Mutawakkil
 Hubshiya, Greek concubine Reigned during the Anarchy at Samarra
 Caliph al-Mutawakkil (847–861) had created a plan of succession that would allow his sons to inherit the caliphate after his death; he would be succeeded first by his eldest son, al-Muntasir, then by al-Mu'tazz and third by al-Mu'ayyad. However, Al-Muntasir tried to change it and he almost succeeded in it.
 Decline of the Abbasid Caliphate
 Just like most Abbasid caliphs, He provided endowments to his kins Banu Hashim.١٢٨٦٢ – ٨٦٦<b id="mwAV8">al-Mustaʿīn</b> bi-ʾllāhAḥmad Muhammad ibn al-Mu'tasim, Abbasid prince
 Makhariq, concubine from Sicily Reigned during the Anarchy at Samarra.
 Fled to Baghdad in 865, beginning of the Fifth Fitna (civil war).
 Abbasid Caliphate civil war (865–866). The war between Al-Musta'in and Al-Mu'tazz. It ended when Al-Mu'tazz became Caliph in 866.١٣٨٦٦ – ٨٦٩<b id="mwAXY">al-Muʿtazz</b> bi-ʾllāhAbū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad Al-Mutawakkil
 Sabiha (Qabiha), Greek concubine Reigned during the Anarchy at Samarra.
 Al-Mu'tazz's reign (866–869) marks the apogee of the decline of the Caliphate's central authority, and the climax of centrifugal tendencies, expressed through the emergence of the autonomous dynasties.
 Deposed by the Turkic military officers.١٤٨٦٩ – ٢١ حوزەیران ٨٧٠<b id="mwAYo">al-Muhtadī</b> bi-'llāhAbū Isḥāq Muḥammad Al-Wathiq
 Qurb, Greek concubine Reigned during the Anarchy at Samarra.
 As a ruler, al-Muhtadi sought to emulate the Umayyad caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, widely considered a model Islamic ruler.
 Assassinated by the Turkish military. End of Anarchy at Samarra.١٥٢١ حوزەیران ٨٧٠ – ١٥ تشرینی یەکەم ٨٩٢<b id="mwAaY">al-Muʿtamid</b> ʿalā ’llāhAbū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad Al-Mutawakkil
 Fityan, Greek concubine from Kufa Al-Mu'tamid's reign marks the end of the "Anarchy at Samarra" and the start of the Abbasid restoration. His brother was Commander-in-chief al-Muwaffaq, who held the loyalty of the military and had great influence over him.
 Start of the "Abbasid revival". Repulse of the Saffarids rebellion and subjugation of the Zanj Revolt.
 Establishment of the autonomous Tulunid dynasty in Egypt, Gradual decline of Abbasid rule in Transoxiana, Persia, Sind and Punjab, North Africa, Middle East and Arabia.١٦تشرینی یەکەم ٨٩٢ – ٥ نیسان ٩٠٢<b id="mwAcA">al-Muʿtaḍid</b> bi-'llāhAbū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad Al-Muwaffaq, Abbasid prince and Commander-in-chief
 Dirar (Hariz), Greek concubine He was the nephew of Al-Mu'tamid, He added his name in line of succession and removed his cousin as heir. After his uncle death his succeeded him.
 Al-Mu'tadid had inherited his father's gifts as a ruler and was distinguished alike for his economy and his military ability, becoming "one of the greatest of the Abbasids in spite of his strictness.
 Height of the "Abbasid revival". Recovery of Jazira, Thughur, Jibal.
 Return of the capital to Baghdad and start of the Qarmatian missionary activity and raids.١٧٥ نیسان ٩٠٢ – ١٣ ئاب ٩٠٨<b id="mwAdw">al-Muktafī</b> bi-'llāhAbū Muḥammad ʿAlī Al-Mu'tadid
 Jijak, Turkish concubine Nominated heir by his father, Caliph Al-Mu'tadid.
 Al-Mu'tadid took care to prepare Ali al-Muktafi, his oldest son and heir, for the succession by appointing him as a provincial governor: first in Rayy, Qazvin, Qum and Hamadan.
 During his reign Abbasids completely recovered Egypt and Syria from the Tulunids. End of the "Abbasid revival".١٨١٣ ئاب ٩٠٨ – ٩٢٩<b id="mwAfA">al-Muqtadir</b> bi-'llāhAbū'l-Faḍl Jaʿfar Al-Mu'tadid
 Shaghab, Greek concubine He was nominated heir by his half-brother Al-Muktafi, however, Al-Muktafi died young and Al-Muqtadir came to the throne at the age of 13, the youngest Caliph in Abbasid history and Islamic History.
 Unsuccessful usurpation attempt in favour of Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz (908).
 Caliphal title also claimed by al-Mahdi Billah of the Fatimids from 909 and Abd al-Rahman III of Córdoba from 929.١٩٩٢٩<b id="mwAgk">al-Qāhir</b> bi-'llāhAbū al-Manṣūr Muḥammad Al-Mu'tadid
 Fitnah, Berber concubine First reign; installed by the commander-in-chief Mu'nis al-Muzaffar for a two days.(١٨)٩٢٩ – ٣١ تشرینی یەکەم ٩٣٢<b id="mwAho">al-Muqtadir</b> bi-'llāhAbū'l-Faḍl Jaʿfar Al-Mu'tadid
 Shaghab Second reign
 Qarmatian sack of Mecca and Medina (930).
 Killed in battle before Baghdad against Mu'nis al-Muzaffar.(١٩)٣١ تشرینی یەکەم ٩٣٢ – ٩٣٤<b id="mwAjA">al-Qāhir</b> bi-'llāhAbū al-Manṣūr Muḥammad Al-Mu'tadid
 Fitnah, Berber concubine Second reign
 After his brother was killed, he succeeded him as Caliph.
 In 31 October 932 he was deposed.٢٠٩٣٤ – ٢٣ کانوونی یەکەم ٩٤٠<b id="mwAkI">al-Rāḍī</b> bi-'llāhAbū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad/Muḥammad Al-Muqtadir
 Thaloum, Berber concubine Originally nominated heir by his father Al-Muqtadir. After the death of his uncle Al-Qahir he succeeded him.
 Al-Radi is commonly spoken of as the last of the real Caliphs: the last to deliver orations at the Friday service, to hold assemblies with philosophers to discuss the questions of the day, or to take counsel on the affairs of State; the last to distribute largess among the needy, or to interpose to temper the severity of cruel officers.٢١٩٤٠ – ٩٤٤<b id="mwAlM">al-Muttaqī</b> li-'llāhAbū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm Al-Muqtadir
 Khalub Zahrah, concubine Beginning of the later Abbasid period.
 He was chosen by Military officers after the death of his brother Caliph Al-Radi.
 Overthrown and blinded by the amīr al-umarāʾ Tuzun.٢٢ئەیلوول ٩٤٤ – ٢٩ کانوونی دووەم ٩٤٦<b id="mwAmc">al-Mustakfī</b> bi-ʾllāhʿAbd Allāh Al-Muktafi
 Ghusn (Amlah al-Nas), concubine Installed by the amīr al-umarāʾ Tuzun.
 Deposed and blinded after the Buyid takeover of Baghdad and Iraq.٢٣٢٩ کانوونی دووەم ٩٤٦ – ٩٧٤<b id="mwAns">al-Muṭīʿ</b> li-ʾllāhAbū'l-Qāsim al-Faḍl Al-Muqtadir
 Shaghla, concubine from Sicily He succeeded his cousin Al-Mustakfi, during his reign Buyids influence grew.
 Installed by the Buyid Amir Mu'izz al-Dawla.
 During the last years of his reign, Abbasids completely lost Egypt, Palestine and Hejaz.
 Increasingly incapacitated by a partial paralysis that had begun following a stroke in 970, al-Muti was now induced to abdicate with his health as a pretext, and was replaced by his son Abd al-Karim, as al-Ta'i (r. 974–991), on 5 August.٢٤٩٧٤ – ٩٩١<b id="mwApE">al-Ṭāʾiʿ</b> li-amri ʿllāhAbd al-Karīm Al-Muti
 Utb al-Rumiyah He was nominated heir by his father Al-Muti and his father Abdicated for his son became of partial paralysis that had begun following a stroke in 970.
 During his reign, Syria was torn by contending factions — Fatimid and Carmathian; while the Buyīds was split up into parties that were fighting among themselves. To top this all off, the Byzantine Emperor John Tzimisces stormed the east in a victorious campaign in 975 and took several Syiria cities. After holding the office for seventeen years, aṭ-Ṭaʼiʻ was deposed in 991.
 Deposed by the Buyid Amir Baha' al-Dawla.٢٥١ تشرینی دووەم ٩٩١ – ٢٩ تشرینی دووەم ١٠٣١<b id="mwAqo">al-Qādir</b> bi-'llāhAḥmad Ishaq ibn al-Muqtadir, Abbasid prince
 Tumna, concubine He succeeded his cousin, Caliph Al-Ta'i.
 Installed by the Buyid Amir Baha' al-Dawla.
 During his reign, he granted the title Sultan to Muslim rulers. The sultans were religious deputy of the all later Abbasid Caliphs.
 Upholding of Sunni orthodoxy; publication of the Baghdad Manifesto.٢٦٢٩ تشرینی دووەم ١٠٣١ – ٢ نیسان ١٠٧٥<b id="mwAsA">al-Qāʾim</b> bi-amri 'llāhAbu Ja'far Abdallah Al-Qadir
 Badr al-Dija (Qatr al-Nida), Armenian concubine End and disintegration of the Caliphate of Córdoba (1031).
 Start of Seljuk influence of Baghdad by the Seljuk Turks under Tughril (in 1055), end of Buyid influence. Al-Qa'im granted the title Sultan to Tughril, Alp Arslan, and Malik Shah I.
 The Almoravids recognize the Abbasid caliph's religious and nominal authority (c. 1062).٢٧٢ نیسان ١٠٧٥ – شوبات ١٠٩٤<b id="mwAtk">al-Muqtadī</b> bi-amri ’llāhAbū'l-Qāsim ʿAbd Allāh Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im, Abbasid prince
 Urjuwuan, Armenian concubine He was born to Abbasid prince Muhammad Dhakirat and an Armenian Umm walad.Bennison, Amira K. (2009) The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the 'Abbasid Empire. Princeton: Yale University Press, p. 47. 
 He was honored by the Seljuk sultan Malik-Shah I, during whose reign the Caliphate was recognized throughout the extending range of Seljuk Sultanate. Hejaz, with the Holy Cities, now recovered from the Fatimids, acknowledged again the spiritual jurisdiction of the Abbasids.٢٨شوبات ١٠٩٤ – ٦ ئاب ١١١٨<b id="mwAvA">al-Mustaẓhir</b> bi-'llāhAbū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad Al-Muqtadi
 Taif Al-Afwah, Egyptian concubine He succeeded his father as Caliph. He was the notable Caliph of the later Abbasid Era.
 The appearance of the First Crusade in Syria. He his known for contributing to Mawdud's struggling against crusades to reconquer Muslim lands of Levant coastline.٢٩٦ ئاب ١١١٨ – ٢٩ ئاب ١١٣٥<b id="mwAwI">al-Mustarshid</b> bi-'llāhAbū'l-Manṣūr al-Faḍl Al-Mustazhir
 Lubaba, Slavs concubine He succeeded his father as Caliph. He was a notable Caliph of Later Abbasid Era and he was also an Arabic poet.
 Al-Mustarshid deposed and imprisoned his vizier Amid al-dawla Jalal al-Din Hasan ibn Ali. One year later he also deposed Ahmad ibn Nizam al-Mulk as his vizier.
 Foundation of the Almohad Empire in the Maghreb (1121). The Almohads were anti-Abbasids.٣٠٢٩ ئاب ١١٣٥ – ١١٣٦al-Rāshid bi-'llāhAbu Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr Al-Mustarshid
 Khushf, Iraqi concubine Nominated heir by his father, After the assassination of his father he succeeded him.
 Deposed by the Seljuk Sultan Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud.
 Al-Rashid Billah was deposed by seljuks and he fled to Isfahan where he was assassinated by a team of four Shia Nizari Ismailis (Assassins) in June 1138. This was celebrated in Alamut for a week.٣١١١٣٦ – ١٢ ئازار ١١٦٠<b id="mwAzA">al-Muqtafī</b> li-ʾamri ’llāhAbū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad Al-Mustazhir
 Ashin, Syrian concubine He was the brother of caliph Al-Mustarshid and uncle of Al-Rashid Billah.
 Al-Muqtafi successfully established an army during the later Abbasid era. (Previously Caliphs were militarily dependent on Seljuks.
 Siege of Baghdad (1157) by the Seljuks fails. Restoration of the Caliph's political and military influence of Later Abbasids.٣٢١٢ ئازار ١١٦٠ – ٢٠ کانوونی یەکەم ١١٧٠<b id="mwA0U">al-Mustanjid</b> bi-'llāhAbū'l-Muẓaffar Yūsuf Al-Muqtafi
 Thawus, Turkish or Abyssinian concubine He succeeded his father Al-Muqtafi.٣٣٢٠ کانوونی یەکەم ١١٧٠ – ٣٠ ئازار ١١٨٠<b id="mwA1Y">al-Mustaḍīʾ</b> bi-amri ʾllāhal-Ḥasan Al-Mustanjid
 Ghadha, Armenian concubine Al-Mustadi succeeded his father Caliph Al-Mustanjid.
 He enjoys nothing but what he earns by the labor of his own hands, and therefore manufactures coverlets, which he stamps with his seal, and which his officers sell in the public market.
 His political and religious authority was recognized throughout Middle East especially by Saladin ruler of Egypt. Caliph Al-Mustadi granted Saladin the title Sultan. Also gave him authority over holy cities; Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem.
 End of the Fatimid Caliphate in 1171, restoration of Abbasid authority in Egypt under Saladin.٣٤٢ ئازار ١١٨٠ – ٤ تشرینی یەکەم ١٢٢٥<b id="mwA24">al-Nāṣir</b> li-Dīn AllāhAbu'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad Al-Mustadi
 Sayyida Zumurrud Recovery of Jerusalem from the Crusaders (1187) by Saladin.
 Al-Nasir was the influential Caliph of the Later Abbasid era.
 According to historian Angelika Hartmann, Al-Nasir was the last effective Abbasid caliph of Later Abbasid Caliphate.
 His political and religious authority was recognized throughout Middle East especially in territory of Ayyubid dynasty of Saladin.٣٥٥ تشرینی یەکەم ١٢٢٥ – ١١ تەممووز ١٢٢٦<b id="mwA4o">al-Ẓāhir</b> bi-amri’llāhAbu Nasr Muḥammad Al-Nasir
 Asma He was nominated as heir in 1189. He succeeded his father.
 In his short reign, he lowered the taxes, and built a strong army to resist invasions. He died on 10 July 1226, nine months after his accession.
 During his short reign he saw disastrous Mongol Invasion in parts of Eastern Islamic World.٣٦١١ تەممووز ١٢٢٦ – ٢ کانوونی یەکەم ١٢٤٢<b id="mwA5w">al-Mustanṣir</b> bi-'llāhAbū Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr Al-Zahir
 Zahra, Turkish concubine He succeeded his father caliph Al-Zahir.
 Al-Mustansir was the penultimate Caliph of the later Abbasid era.
 During his reign Eastern Islamic World was invaded by Mongols. The great cities like Bukhara, Samarkand were destroyed and millions of Muslims were killed.٣٧٢ کانوونی یەکەم ١٢٤٢ – ٢٠ شوبات ١٢٥٨al-Mustaʿṣim bi-'llāhʿAbd Allāh Al-Mustansir
 Hajer, Abyssinian concubine Last Abbasid caliph of Later Abbasid Era
 End of the Abbasid dynasty. Al-Musta'sim was the last known recognised Muslim caliph. His death marked the complete end of the Caliphate as a political and religious entity in the Middle East.
 Executed after the Mongol sack of Baghdad, he ruled for a period of 15 years 2 months and 15 days.

 خەلیفەکانی قاھیرە (١٢٦١–١٥١٧) 
لە ساڵی ١٢٦١دا، شانشینی عەباسی لەلایەن لقێکی کادێتی خانەدانەکەوە لە قاھیرە لەژێر چاودێری سوڵتانەکانی مەملوکی ناوچەکەدا دامەزرایەوە، بەڵام ئەم خەلیفانە تەنیا کەسایەتی ئایینی و ڕەمزی بوون، لەکاتێکدا دەسەڵاتی کاتی لەلایەن مەملوکەکانەوە بوو. خەلافەتی زیندووبووەوە لە قاھیرە تا داگیرکردنی میسری عوسمانی لە ساڵی ١٥١٧ بەردەوام بوو، دوای ئەوە نازناوی خەلیفە بۆ بنەماڵەی عوسمانی گواسترایەوە.

عەباسییەکانی قاھیرە تا ڕادەیەکی زۆر خەلیفەی ڕێوڕەسمی بوون لەژێر چاودێری سوڵتانییەتی مەملوک کە دوای دەستبەسەرداگرتنی شانشینی ئەیوبییەکان بوونیان ھەبوو. 
No.ReignRegnal NamePersonal NameParentsNotable Events١١٣ حوزەیران ١٢٦١ – ٢٨ تشرینی دووەم ١٢٦١<b id="mwA-A">al-Mustanṣir</b> bi-llāhAbū'l-Qāsim Aḥmad Az-Zahir
 Umm ahmad (concubine) Installed as caliph in Cairo, Egypt by the Mamluk sultan Baybars in 1261.٢١٦ تشرینی دووەم ١٢٦٢ – ١٩ کانوونی دووەم ١٣٠٢<b id="mwA_Q">al-Ḥākim</b> bi-Amri'llāh <b id="mwA_U">I</b>Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad Abu Ali Hasan ibn Abu Bakr ibn Hasan Installed as caliph by ruler of Aleppo, Aqqush, in 1261, proclaimed as caliph in Cairo by Baybars after al-Mustansir II died.٣٢٠ کانوونی دووەم ١٣٠٢ – شوبات ١٣٤٠<b id="mwBAY">al-Mustakfī</b> bi-llāh <b id="mwBAc">I</b>Abū ar-Rabīʾ Sulaymān Al-Hakim I |-٤شوبات ١٣٤٠ – ١٧ حوزەیران ١٣٤١<b id="mwBBU">al-Wāthiq</b> bi-'llāh <b id="mwBBY">I</b>Abū ʾIsḥāq ʾIbrāhīm Ahmad ibn al-Hakim, (son of al-Hakim I) |-٥١٣٤١ – ١٣٥٢<b id="mwBCQ">al-Ḥākim</b> bi-Amri'llāh <b id="mwBCU">II</b>Abū'l-ʿAbbas ʾAḥmad Al-Mustakfi I٦١٣٥٢ – ١٣٦٢<b id="mwBDA">al-Muʿtaḍid</b> bi-'llāh <b id="mwBDE">I</b>Abū al-Fatḥ Abū Bakr Al-Mustakfi I |-٧١٣٦٢ – ١٣٧٧<b id="mwBD8">al-Mutawakkil</b> ʿalā'llāh <b id="mwBEA">I</b>Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad Al-Mu'tadid I First reign, deposed in 1377.[citation needed]٨١٣٧٧<b id="mwBFA">al-Mustaʿṣim</b> bi-'llāhAbū Yaḥya Zakarīyāʾ Al-Wathiq I First reign(٧)١٣٧٧ – ١٣٨٣<b id="mwBF4">al-Mutawakkil</b> ʿalā'llāh <b id="mwBF8">I</b>Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad Second reign٩ئەیلوول ١٣٨٣ – ١٣ تشرینی دووەم ١٣٨٦<b id="mwBGo">al-Wāthiq</b> bi-'llāh <b id="mwBGs">II</b>Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar Al-Wathiq I |-(٨)١٣٨٦ – ١٣٨٩<b id="mwBHk">al-Mustaʿṣim</b> bi-'llāhAbū Yaḥya Zakarīyāʾ Second reign(٧)١٣٨٩ – ٩ کانوونی دووەم ١٤٠٦<b id="mwBIQ">al-Mutawakkil</b> ʿalā'llāh <b id="mwBIU">I</b>Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad Third reign١٠٢٢ کانوونی دووەم ١٤٠٦ – ٩ ئازار ١٤١٤<b id="mwBJA">al-Mustaʿīn</b> bi-'llāhAbū al-Faḍl al-ʿAbbas Al-Mutawakkil I
 Bay Khatun, Turkish concubine Became Sultan of Egypt from 7 May – 6 November 1412, as a titular figurehead for Shaykh al-Mahmudi.[citation needed]١١١٤١٤ – ١٤٤١<b id="mwBKM">al-Muʿtaḍid</b> bi-'llāh <b id="mwBKQ">II</b>Abū al-Fatḥ Dāwud Al-Mutawakkil I
 Kazal, Turkish concubine |-١٢١٤٤١ – ٢٩ کانوونی دووەم ١٤٥١<b id="mwBLQ">al-Mustakfī</b> bi-llāh <b id="mwBLU">II</b>Abū al-Rabīʿ Sulaymān Al-Mutawakkil I
 Bay Khatun١٣١٤٥١ – ١٤٥٥<b id="mwBME">al-Qāʾim</b> bi-ʾamr AllāhAbū al-Baqāʾ Ḥamza Al-Mutawakkil I
 Bay Khatun |-١٤١٤٥٥ – ٧ نیسان ١٤٧٩<b id="mwBNA">al-Mustanjid</b> bi-'llāhAbū al-Maḥāsin Yūsuf Al-Mutawakkil I
 Bay Khatun١٥٥ نیسان ١٤٧٩ – ٢٧ ئەیلوول ١٤٩٧<b id="mwBNw">al-Mutawakkil</b> ʿalā'llāh <b id="mwBN0">II</b>Abū al-ʿIzz ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Ya'qub ibn al-Mutawakkil I
 Haj al-Malik |-١٦١٤٩٧ – ١٥٠٨<b id="mwBOw">al-Mustamsik</b> bi-'llāhAbū al-Ṣabr Yaqūb Al-Mutawakkil II First reign, abdicated in 1508.١٧١٥٠٨ – ١٥١٦<b id="mwBP4">al-Mutawakkil</b> ʿalā'llāh <b id="mwBP8">III</b>Muḥammad Second reign(١٦)١٥١٦ – ١٥١٧<b id="mwBQo">al-Mustamsik</b> bi-'llāhAbū al-Ṣabr Yaqūb Second reign, abdicated in 1516.[citation needed](١٧)١٥١٧<b id="mwBRc">al-Mutawakkil</b> ʿalā'llāh <b id="mwBRg">III</b>Muḥammad Second reign
 In 1516 or 1517, he was sent to Constantinople by the Ottoman sultan Selim II after accompanying the Mamluk sultan al-Ghuri to Syria, where the latter was defeated by the Ottomans, prior to the final Ottoman invasion of Egypt. This marked the end of the Abbasid caliphs.

 نەسەبنامە 
ناوەڕاست|وێنۆک|732x732پیکسڵ| درەختی نەسەبی بنەماڵەی عەباسی. بە سەوز، خەلیفە عەباسییەکانی بەغدا. بە ڕەنگی زەرد، خەلیفەکانی قاھیرە. محەممەد (بە کەپڵ)دا ھاتووە بۆ ئەوەی خزمایەتی عەباسییەکان لەگەڵیدا نیشان بدات.

 سەرچاوەکان 

 کتێبنامە 














 Bennison, Amira K. (2009). The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the 'Abbasid Empire. Princeton: Yale University Press, p. 47. ISBN 0-300-16798-9


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