Albert Bierstadt

Albert Bierstadt (Solingen,  – New York, ) a oa ul livour stadunanat a-orin alaman, ezel eus al luskad Hudson River School.

Buhez
Ganet e oa bet d'ar 7 a viz Genver 1830 e Solingen (Rheinprovinz e Prusia d'ar mare-se), mab da Heinrich Bierstadt, ur barazher, hag e bried Christina Tillmans. E 1831 e tivroas an tiegezh da SUA d'en em staliañ e Bedford, e Massachusetts Garraty, John Arthur & Carnes, Mark C. : American National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999 

En e vugaleaj dija e tiskouezas bout donezonet evit an tresañ ha dedennet gant an arzoù. E 1851, oadet a 21 vloaz, e krogas da livañ taolennoù gant eoul war lien. Daou vloaz diwezhatoc'h, e 1853, e tistroas da Brusia ma chomas da studiañ al livouriezh gant izili an Düsseldorfer Malerschule, Skol livouriezh Düsseldorf, ma voe souezhet o kavout sikour digant livourien stadunanat, en o zouez Worthington Whittredge (1820-1910) eus an Hudson River School. Goude tri bloavezh e skol Düsseldorf ec'h eas gant W. Whittredge da dresañ e Prusia, e Suis hag en Italia a-raok distreiñ da Vedford e 1857. Eno e kelennas an tresañ hag al livañ e-pad ur prantad berr kent mont da livour a vicher .

E 1858 e lakaas un daolenn vras, a ziskoueze un dremmvro e Suis, en National Academy of Design (NAD) e New York ; kerkent e voe degemeret da geneil an Akademiezh. Da heul izili an Hudson River School e redas bro evit livañ dindan an amzer e traoñienn an Hudson hag e New England.

Bloaz goude, pa voe kaset ar jeneral Lander gant ar Gouarnamant da gornaoueg Norzhamerika, ec'h eas A. Bierstadt gantañ evit kavout gweledvaoù nevez da lakaat war al lien ; gant ar Menezioù Roc'hellek hag ar Sierra Nevada e voe awenet an arzour yaouank. Goude e zistro da New York e livas meur a daolenn diwar an tresadennoù niverus en devoa graet e-kerzh e veaj. E 1860, oadet a 30 vloaz, e voe dilennet da ezel an NAD.

Kenderc'hel da livañ kornaoueg Amerika diwar e zielloù a eure : e 1861 e tiskouezas Laramie Peak, ha View of the Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak e 1863. Brud bras a c'hounezas gant an div daolenn-se, ken e voe medalennet en Aostria, e Bavaria, e Belgia hag e Prusia, hag enoret ent-ofisiel e Bro-C'hall, e Rusia hag e Turkia .

E 1859 e tistroas A. Bierstadt da gornaoueg Amerika a-gevret gant ar skrivagner Fitz Hugh Ludlow (1797-1867). E-pad seizh sizhun e chomas e Yosemite Valley, e Kalifornia. A-hed ar bloavezhioù 1860 ec'h implijas an tresadennoù en devoa graet eno evit livañ taolennoù bras-divent. A-c'houde e veajoù gant Lander ha Ludlow e voe lakaet d'ar gwellañ livour a-fed gweledvaoù ar Wild West.

D'an  e tarzhas ar Brezel diabarzh. E 1861 end-eeun e voe galvet d'ur prantad stummadur milourel e Camp Cameron e North Cambridge, e Massachusetts ; goude-se e livas Guerrilla Warfare, Civil War (1862) diwar ul luc'hskeudenn bet kemeret gant e vreur Edward. E 1863 e voe galvet en-dro, met goprañ un den all evit monet d'ar brezel en e lec'h a eure.

E 1867, daou vloaz goude diwezh ar Brezel diabarzh, e tistroas al livour da Europa. Pan erruas e Londrez e lakaas div zaolenn war ziskouez en un degemer prevez gant ar rouanez Victoria. E-pad daou vloaz goude-se e veajas dre Europa ; e Roma e gwirionez e livas Among the Sierra Nevada, California e 1868, a ziskouezas e Berlin hag e London kent he c'has da SUA dre vordreizher.

Daoust dezhañ bezañ en estrenvro e chomas brudet en SUA. Goude e daolennoù awenet gant Yosemite Valley e voe pedet da ambroug ergerzherien er C'hornôg ; gant kompagnunezhioù hent-houarn e voe pedet ivez, da livañ ar Grand Canyon hag e drowardroioùBarringer & Wilton, op. cit., p. 250..

Pa voe taget e wreg gant an dorzhellegezh e 1876 e tremenas A. Bierstadt kalz amzer ganti e Nassau, e Bahamas, betek he zremenvan e 1893 ; e-keit-se e kendalc'he da veajiñ e kornôg Amerika hag e Kanada ha da livañ en e studio e New York, a voe distrujet gant un tan-gwall e 1882, ha kalz taolennoù ivez .

D'an 18 a viz C'hwevrer 1902 e varvas Albert Bierstadt e New York, oadet a 72 vloaz. Beziet e voe e New Bedford, e Massachussets  

Ur 500 taolenn bennak zo bet livet gant A. Bierstad, a reas berzh bras a-hed e remzad. Da zeiz e dremenvan avat e oa aet giz ar gweledvaoù meur da get a-werso. Peuzdisoñjet e voe e oberennoù betek ar bloavezhioù 1960, pa voe lakaet lod eus e daolennoù-studi war ziskouez.

Oberennoù
Setu amañ ul listenn eus an oberennoù diwar zorn Albert Bierstadt hag a zo deuet betek ennomp.
Deiziadet
Peuznes eo lod deiziadoù.
1853 : Majesty of the Mountains
1854 : Scene in Tyrol
1855 : A Rustic Mill Farm • Study of a Ewe • Sunshine and Shadow • The Old Mill (Scene in Westphalia) • The Portico of Octavia• Westphalia
1856 : European Landscape • Italian Costume Studies • Olevano
1857 : Fishing Boats at Capri • Gathering Storm • Grey Tempest (White Mountains, New Hampshire) • Lake at Franconia Notch, White Mountains • Martha Simon, Last of the Narragansetts • On the Beach at Capri • Study in Grey (New England, White Mountains)
1858 : Bison • Gosnold at Cuttyhunk, 1602 • Grove of Trees • Indian Camp • Lake Lucerne • Portico of Octavia, Rome • Study of a Brown Horse
1859 : Approaching Storm • Beached Ship • Covered Wagons • Indians near Fort Laramie • Nooning on the Platte, N.D. • Surveyor's Wagon in the Rockies • Swiss Mountain Scene • The Black Horse • The Trout Brook • The Wolf River, Kansas • Thunderstorm in the Rocky Mountains • View Near Newport
1860 : View of Chimney Rock, Ohalilah Sioux Village in the Foreground • River Estuary • View from the Wind River Mountains, Wyoming
1861 : A Wilderness Lake (Echo Lake, Franconia Mountains, NH) • Emigrants Resting at Sunset • Italian Coastal View • Sunset Light, Wind River Range of the Rocky Mountains • The Brothers' Burial (The Brother's Burial) • The Trappers' Camp • Wasatch Mountains, Wind River Country, Wyoming
1862 : Ascutney Mountain from Claremont, New Hampshire • Guerrilla Warfare, Civil War • Indians Spear Fishing • Morning in the Rocky Mountains • Sunlight and Shadow • View of Moat Mountain, Intervale, New Hampshire • Yosemite Valley, Glacier Point Trail
1863 : Campfire • Cloud Effect, Estes Park, Colorado • Great Salt Lake, Utah • In the Rockies (Indians on Horseback) • Lake in the Yosemite Valley • Lake Tahoe, California • Looking up the Yosemite Valley • Mountain Brook • Mountain LakeStudiadenn evit A Storm in the Rocky Mountains — Mount Rosalie, 1866. • On the Merced River • On the Platte River, Nebraska • Sundown at Yosemite • The Oregon Trail Campfire • The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak (div gentel) • White Horse and Sunset
1864 : Cho-looke, the Yosemite Fall • Mirror Lake, Yosemite Valley • Mountain and River Scene • Night at Valley View (Moonlight on the Merced) • Study of a Tree • Valley of the Yosemite (div gentel)
1865 : Looking Down Yosemite Valley, California • The Sierras near Lake Tahoe, California
1866 : A Storm in the Rocky Mountains, Mt. Rosalie • In the Yosemite Valley • Merced River, Yosemite Valley
1866-1870 : On the Hudson River Near Irvington
1867 : Lake Tahoe, California • Snow Scene with Buffalo • The Domes of the Yosemite • The Yosemite Valley
1868 : Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California • Connecticut River Valley, Claremont, New Hampshire • In the Sierras (Lake Tahoe) • Landscape • Sunset in the Yosemite Valley • Yosemite Valley
1869 : Emigrants Crossing the Plains (The Oregon Trail) • Falls of Niagara from Below • Ferns and Rocks on an Embankment • Glen Ellis Falls • Niagara Falls • Niagara from the American Side • The Buffalo Trail: The Impending Storm • The Coming Storm • Western Landscape
1870 : Evening on the Prairie • Laramie Peak • Passing Storm over the Sierra Nevada • Puget Sound on the Pacific Coast • Sierra Nevada Morning • Storm in the Mountains • Sunrise, Yosemite Valley • The Emerald Pool
1871 : California – Indian Camp: Scene near Mariposa • Dawn at Donner Lake, California • Domes of Yosemite • Mountainous Landscape by Moonlight • Owens Valley, South Sierra • Rainbow in the Sierra Nevada • San Francisco Bay • Sierra Nevada • View of Donner Lake, California
1872 : California Redwoods • Cathedral Rocks, Yosemite Valley • Farallon Islands • Farralones Islands, Pacific Ocean • In the Valley of the Yosemite • Indians in Council, California • ILake Tahoe • Mount Brewer from King's River Canyon • Seals on the Rocks, Farallon Islands • Seal Rock, California • Seal Rocks, Farallones • Seal Rock, Farallon Islands • Sunrise in the Sierras • The Grizzly Giant Sequoia, Mariposa Grove, California (Redwood Trees) • Yosemite Winter Scene
1873 : Autumn in the Sierras • Seal Rocks, Farallon Islands • 
1874 : Giant Redwood Trees of California
1875 : A View from Sacramento • Bay of Monterey • Buffalo Country • California Spring • Dogwood • Evening on Oneida Lake • Expedition under Vizcaino Landing at Monterey 1601 • Forest Monarchs • Mount Adams, Washington • Mount Corcoran • Sacramento Valley in Spring • San Rafael, California • Sunrise on the Matterhorn • The Discovery of the Hudson
1876 : Banana Trees • The Ambush • Rocky Mountains, Colorado
1877 : Mount Whitney • Sail Boats • Street in Nassau • The Rocky Mountains, Longs Peak
1878 : After a Norther, Bahamas
1879 : A Rocky Mountain Sheep, Ovis, Montana
1880 : By a Mountain Lake • Moose Hunters' Camp, Nova Scotia • Palm Trees with a Domed Church • The Falls of St. Anthony • Weeping Oaks, Clear Creek • West Indies Coast Scene
1881 : Geyser, Yellowstone Park • Lower Yellow Stone Falls • Old Faithful (div gentel) • Saint Lawrence River from the Citadel, Quebec
1882 : Gates of the Yosemite
1885 : Moose in a Forest Glen
1886 : Autumn Woods, Oneida County, New York • Indian Canoe • Interior of a Library, Minneapolis • Storm on the Matterhorn
1887 : Nassau Harbor • The Wave (The Surf ; The Turquoise Sea)
1888 : Buffalo Hunter • Canoes • Sketch for "The Last of the Buffalo" • Study for "The Last of the Buffalo" • The Last of the Buffalo
1889 : Alaska • Alaskan Coast Range • Princess Louisa Inlet, British Columbia • Mount Sir Donald, Asulkan Glacier • Rocky Mountains in the Selkirk Range, near the Canadian Border, Mount Sir Donald • Sailboats on the Hudson at Irvington • Sunrise at Glacier Station • Wreck of the "Ancon," Loring Bay, Alaska
1890 : Canadian Rockies • Encampment in the Rockies • Mt. Baker from the Fraser River
1891 : In the Yosemite Valley • Island of New Providence • Mount Baker, Washington
1892 : Butterfly • The Landing of Columbus
1893 : The Landing of Columbus at San Salvador
1895 : The Morteratsch Glacier, Upper Engadine Valley, Pontresina
1898 : Yosemite Valley
1900 : The Golden Gate
Hep deiziad
A Quiet Cove • A Strike – Salmon Fishing, Cascapedia River, Canada • Autumn in New Hampshire • Blue and White Cloud • Boston Harbor at Night • Brook in Woods • Canyon and River • Cloud Study • Elk • Finsterhorn • Fishing from a Canoe • Florida Scene • Hetch Hetchy Cañon, California • Home of the Rainbow, Horseshoe Falls, Niagara • Iceberg • Indian Sunset: Deer by a Lake • Irvington Woods • Lakeshore Landscape • Lander's Peak, Wyoming • Landscape (div daolenn) • Lower Yosemite Valley • Mountain Landscape with Sunset • Mountain Landscape • Mountain Scene • Mountain Study • Mt. Hood, Oregon  • Niagara from the American Side • Ox • Pioneers of the Woods, California • Redwood Trees • Rocky Mountain Landscape • Rocky Mountains • Sailboats on the Hudson River • Seals on the California Coast • Shady Pool White Mountains New Hampshire • Spur at the Edge at Sunset, Grindewald • Sunrise in the Hetch Hetchy Valley, California • Sunset near the Platte River (Salt Lick at Sunset Glow) • Sunset on the Plains • Sunset – Last Reflections – Cloud Study • Teton Range, Moose, Wyoming • The Blue Grotto, Capri • The Buffalo Trail • The Conflagration • The Hetch Hetchy Valley, California (div gentel) • The High Sierras • The Iceberg • The Pacific Coast (The Bay of San Francisco) • The Rocky Mountains • The Snow Mountain • The Trappers, Lake Tahoe • Tropical Landscape with Fishing Boats in Bay • Two Horses • View of Oakland • View of the Wetterhorn from Grindelwald • Wasatch Mountains, Utah • Waterfall Landscape • Waterfall [Minnehaha Falls, Minneapolis, Minnesota]  • Western Lake • Wooded Hillside • Woodland Sunset • Yosemite Falls (div gentel) • Yosemite Valley • Yosemite Valley (div gentel) • Yosemite

Levrlennadur
 Anderson, Nancy K. & Ferber, Linda S.. Albert Bierstadt – Art & Enterprise. New York : Brooklyn Museum & Hudson Hills Press, 1990 
 Barringer, Tim & Wilton, Andrew. American Sublime: Landscape Painting in the United States 1820–1880. Princeton : Princeton University Press, 2002 
 Hendricks, Gordon (1974). Albert Bierstadt – Painter of the American West. New York : Crescent, 1988 

Liammoù diavaez


Notennoù

Rummad:Livourien SUA
Rummad:Hudson River School
Rummad:Ganedigezhioù 1830
Rummad:Marvioù 1902