Fortepiano

Ar fortepiano (hervez an italianeg hag ar saozneg), ar piano-forte (hervez ar galleg) eo doare kentañ ar piano, bet ijinet e 1709 gant Bartolomeo Cristofori, un oberour binvioù-seniñ italian, hag a zo bet sonet eus deroù ar  betek deroù ar , e-pad ur 100 vloaz bennak eta. 

Aozadur
Kerdin metal ha morzholioù goloet a lêr zo d'ar fortepiano. Kalz skañvoc'h eget ar piano a-vremañ eo. 

Istor
Ijinadenn Cristofori
Bartolomeo Cristofori, oberour klavioù-kerdin e Firenze, a ijinas ar benveg a reer fortepiano e deroù an . An testeni kentañ eus ar benveg a gaver e renabl ar re Vedici, implijerien Cristofori, e 1700. Derc'hel a eure Cristofori da ziorren ar benveg betek ar {{bloavezhioù 1720]], ha tri benveg eus an amzer-hont zo chomet. 

 Levrlennadur 
Good, Edwin M. (1982) Giraffes, black dragons, and other pianos: a technological history from Cristofori to the modern concert grand, Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press.
Marshall, Robert (2003) 18th Century Piano Music, Routledge.
Parakilas, James (1999) Piano roles: three hundred years of life with the piano. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 
Pollens, Stewart (1995) The Early Pianoforte. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ripin, Edwin M. (1986) "Piano", 1986 Encyclopædia Britannica
Ripin, Edwin M. (2001). "Fortepiano (i)". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. S. Sadie and J. Tyrrell. London: Macmillan. Also in Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy.
Ripin, Edwin M., Stewart Pollens, Philip R. Belt, Maribel Meisel, Alfons Huber, Michael Cole, Gert Hecher, Beryl Kenyon De Pascual, Cynthia Adams Hoover, Cyril Ehrlich, And Edwin M. Good (2001). "Pianoforte I: History of the Instrument". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. S. Sadie and J. Tyrrell. London: Macmillan. Also in Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy.
 Saville, Jonathan (2004). "Anything—up to a Point: An Illuminating Fortepiano Recital by Andrew Willis," San Diego Reader.

Liammoù diavaez

Photo and discussion of the action of Viennese fortepianos, from Carey Beebe Harpsichords
One of Arnold Dolmetsch's late 19th century fortepianos, from Dolmetsch Online
Image and discussion of 1795 Dulcken fortepiano, from the Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies
Images of fortepianos in the Abell Gallery, National Music Museum, Vermillion, South Dakota
The Pianofortes of Bartolomeo Cristofori, Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Fortepianos in the Museum of the University of Leipzig
Cobbe Collection, UK
Finchcocks, UK  (developing link)
Fortepiano Audio Sample Library & MP3 Demos  
fortepiano - photoarchive Photos of historical pianos and their parts / discussion in the forum
Web page of fortepiano builder Paul McNulty
R.J. Regier Keyboard Instruments Fortepianos and Harpsichords by R.J. Regier
More information on early keyboard instruments

Rummad:Binvioù-kerdin