ক্রমাগতভাবে চালু থাকা প্রাচীনতম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের তালিকা

এটি বিশ্বের ""ক্রমাগতভাবে চালু থাকা প্রাচীনতম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের তালিকা""।

এই তালিকায় অন্তর্ভুক্তি নির্ধারিত হয় শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠানটি কখন প্রথম শিক্ষাগত ইতিহাসবিদদের দ্বারা ব্যবহৃত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় এর ঐতিহ্যবাহী সংজ্ঞা পূরণ করেছিল তার তারিখ দ্বারা। although it may have existed as a different kind of institution before that time. এই সংজ্ঞা "বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়" শব্দটিকে ইউরোপে বিকশিত স্বতন্ত্র কাঠামোগত এবং আইনি বৈশিষ্ট্য সম্পন্ন প্রতিষ্ঠানের মধ্যে সীমাবদ্ধ করে, এবং যা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়কে প্রাক-আধুনিক বিশ্বের উচ্চশিক্ষার অন্যান্য প্রতিষ্ঠান থেকে আলাদা করে তোলে, যদিও এখন কখনও কখনও এগুলিকে জনপ্রিয়ভাবে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় হিসাবে উল্লেখ করা যেতে পারে।

তালিকায় অন্তর্ভুক্ত হতে হলে, বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়টিকে অবশ্যই ইউরোপে ১৫০০ সালের আগে প্রতিষ্ঠিত হতে হবে অথবা কোনও দেশ বা অঞ্চলে মধ্যযুগীয় ইউরোপীয় মডেল থেকে উদ্ভূত প্রাচীনতম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় হতে হবে। এটি এখনও কার্যকর থাকতে হবে, এর ইতিহাস জুড়ে প্রাতিষ্ঠানিক ধারাবাহিকতা বজায় থাকবে। তাই প্যারিস বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় সহ কিছু প্রাথমিক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ১৩শ শতাব্দীর শুরুতে প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়েছিল। কিন্তু ১৭৯৩ সালে ফরাসি বিপ্লব দ্বারা বিলুপ্ত করা হয়, বাদ দেওয়া হয়েছে। কিছু প্রতিষ্ঠান পুনরায় আত্মপ্রকাশ করে, কিন্তু নতুন ভিত্তির সাথে, যেমন আধুনিক প্যারিস বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, যা ১৮৯৬ সালে "লুই লিয়ার্ড আইন" দ্বারা নেপোলিয়নের ফ্রান্স বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ব্যবস্থা ভেঙে দেওয়ার পর অস্তিত্ব লাভ করে।

"বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়" শব্দটি ল্যাটিন  থেকে এসেছে, যার আনুমানিক অর্থ "শিক্ষক এবং পণ্ডিতদের সম্প্রদায়"। ইতালির বোলোগনা-এ অবস্থিত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, যেখানে প্রায় ১০৮৮ সালে শিক্ষাদান শুরু হয়েছিল এবং যা ১২ শতকের শেষের দিকে একটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে সংগঠিত হয়েছিল, এটি বিশ্বের প্রাচীনতম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় যা ধারাবাহিকভাবে পরিচালিত হয়, এবং উচ্চশিক্ষা এবং ডিগ্রি প্রদানকারী প্রতিষ্ঠানের অর্থে প্রথম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়।Hunt Janin: "The university in medieval life, 1179–1499", McFarland, 2008, , p. 55f. অনেক মধ্যযুগীয় বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় এর উৎপত্তি ক্যাথলিক ক্যাথেড্রাল স্কুল বা মঠ স্কুল থেকে শুরু হয়, যা ষষ্ঠ শতাব্দীর প্রথম দিকে আবির্ভূত হয়েছিল এবং উচ্চ মধ্যযুগীয় বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় হিসাবে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাবে প্রতিষ্ঠিত হওয়ার আগে শত শত বছর ধরে পরিচালিত হয়েছিল।

প্রাচীন উচ্চশিক্ষা প্রতিষ্ঠান, যেমন প্রাচীন গ্রীস, আফ্রিকা, প্রাচীন পারস্য, প্রাচীন রোম, বাইজান্টিয়াম, প্রাচীন চীন, প্রাচীন ভারত এবং ইসলামী বিশ্ব, মধ্যযুগীয় ইউরোপীয় বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় থেকে আধুনিক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় যেখান থেকে বিকশিত হয়েছিল তার সাথে তাদের সাংস্কৃতিক, ঐতিহাসিক, কাঠামোগত এবং আইনি পার্থক্যের কারণে এই তালিকায় অন্তর্ভুক্ত নয়।Rüegg, Walter: "Foreword. The University as a European Institution", in: A History of the University in Europe. Vol. 1: Universities in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, 1992, , pp. XIX–XX. এগুলির মধ্যে রয়েছে আল-কারাওইয়িন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, এজ-যিতুনা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় এবং আল-আযহার বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, যা ৮৫৯, ৬৯৮ অথবা ৭৩৪, এবং ৯৭২ যথাক্রমে প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়। এগুলি সম্পর্কিত মাদ্রাসা তৈরি হয়েছিল; সংগঠিত শিক্ষা কবে শুরু হয়েছিল তা অস্পষ্ট, তবে আল-কারাওইয়িনে ১১২৯ সালে এজ-যিতুনায় ১৩শ শতাব্দীতে, এবং আল-আযহারে। এগুলি ১৯৬৩, ১৯৫৬ এবং ১৯৬১ সালে যথাক্রমে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় হিসেবে প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়েছিল।
 মধ্যযুগীয় উৎপত্তি 

বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়টি একটি প্রতিষ্ঠান হিসেবে ইতিহাসগতভাবে মধ্যযুগীয় সমাজে মূলত ভিত্তি পেয়েছিল, যা এর পাল্টা প্রভাব ফেলেছিল এবং তা গঠন করেছিল। একাডেমিক ইতিহাসবিদ ওয়াল্টার রিউগ বলেছেন:

 আধুনিক বিস্তার 
প্রাথমিক আধুনিক কাল থেকে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় মধ্যযুগীয় লাতিন পশ্চিম থেকে পৃথিবীজুড়ে ছড়িয়ে পড়েছিল, শেষ পর্যন্ত অন্যান্য সকল উচ্চ শিক্ষা প্রতিষ্ঠানকে প্রতিস্থাপন করে এবং সর্বত্র উচ্চ শিক্ষার জন্য প্রধান প্রতিষ্ঠান হয়ে ওঠে। এই প্রক্রিয়াটি নিম্নলিখিত সময়ক্রমিক আদেশে ঘটেছিল:Rüegg, Walter (ed.): Geschichte der Universität in Europa, 3 vols., C.H. Beck, München 1993, 

দক্ষিণী এবং পশ্চিমী ইউরোপ (১১তম বা ১২তম শতাব্দী থেকে)

মধ্য এবং উত্তর ইউরোপ (১৪তম বা ১৫তম শতাব্দী থেকে)

আমেরিকা (১৬তম শতাব্দী থেকে)

অস্ট্রেলিয়া (১৯শ শতাব্দী থেকে)

এশিয়া এবং আফ্রিকা (১৯শ বা ২০শ শতাব্দী থেকে), ব্যতীত ফিলিপাইন, যেখানে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় অব সান্তো টমাস ১৭শ শতাব্দীতে প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়েছিল।

 ১৫০০ সালের আগে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় হিসেবে প্রতিষ্ঠিত 

এই তালিকায় অন্তর্ভুক্ত রয়েছে মধ্যযুগীয় বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়গুলি যা ১৫০০ সালের আগে প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়েছিল এবং যেগুলি তখন থেকে প্রতিষ্ঠানগত ধারাবাহিকতা বজায় রেখেছে (এগুলোকে বাদ দিয়ে যা হয়নি, বরং যেগুলি নতুন প্রতিষ্ঠিত হিসেবে গণ্য হয়, অথবা যেগুলি একত্রিত হয়ে বা আলাদা হয়ে নতুন প্রতিষ্ঠানে পরিণত হয়েছে)। এদের মধ্যে কয়েকটি সংক্ষিপ্ত সময়ের জন্য বন্ধ ছিল: উদাহরণস্বরূপ, বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় অব সিয়েনা ১৮০৫১৮১৫ সময়কালে নাপোলিয়ান যুদ্ধের সময় বন্ধ ছিল, এবং চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র এবং পোল্যান্ডের বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়গুলি নাজি দখল চলাকালীন ১৯৩৮–১৯৪৫ সময়ে বন্ধ ছিল।

বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়গুলি সেই সময়ে তার সংজ্ঞা পূর্ণ করেছে বলে বিবেচনা করা হয়, যেভাবে পণ্ডিতরা তাদের প্রথম প্রতিষ্ঠা সনাক্ত করেছেন। উদাহরণস্বরূপ বোলোগনা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় এবং অক্সফোর্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় যে তাদের ইতিহাস individual স্কুলে শিক্ষাদানের মাধ্যমে শুরু হয়েছে, তা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে রূপান্তরিত হওয়ার আগে বা তারা অন্যভাবে প্রতিষ্ঠিত ছিল, সেক্ষেত্রে তালিকায় দেওয়া তারিখগুলি প্রতিষ্ঠানের নিজস্ব প্রতিষ্ঠার তারিখের চেয়ে পরে হবে।

 Year University Location Notes Original  Current 1180–1190(teaching from c. 1088) University of Bologna 24px Kingdom of Italy,  Bologna, Italy Law schools existed in Bologna from the second half of the 12th century, with 1088 often considered to be the date on which teaching outside of ecclesiastical schools began. In 1158, petitions by Bolognese doctors of law led to Emperor Barbarossa granting the "Authentic Habita", which granted various rights to students and masters but did not name Bologna or any other particular place of study. However, it is unlikely that the university had become organised by the 1150s, and this may have been as late as the 1180s. The law schools appear to have remained independent, private entities until around 1180, but became organised over the following decade. In 1189 the masters made an agreement with the commune not to transfer the studium to another town, while the Lombard students were organised into a 'nation' by 1191. 1200–1214(teaching from c. 1096) University of Oxford   Oxford, United Kingdom Teaching existed in Oxford from the late 11th century, with the university giving the date of 1096 for the earliest classes. However, it was not until the early 13th century that the schools in Oxford took on an organised character. In 1201 a papal letter described John Grimm as magister scolarum Oxonie. In 1209 the masters suspended their teaching in Oxford and moved to other towns (including Cambridge, leading to the foundation of the university there), returning after a bull issued on 20 June 1214 by the papal legate, Niccolò de Romanis, that granted a number of rights to the university and established the office of chancellor. Both Oxford and Cambridge were granted rights of discipline over students and of fixing rents in letters issued by King Henry III in 1231. A royal charter, sometimes referred to as the Magna Carta of the university, was granted in 1244, awarding further rights to the university. The university received a papal bull Querentes in agro in 1254, with a first version issued on 27 September and a second version on 6 October. The first version followed the common form of privileges granted to monastic houses, confirming the liberties and immunities granted to the university and placing the members of the university under papal protection, but the second version (which was the version recorded in the papal register) explicitly recognised and approved the existence of the university as a scholarly community and confirmed its "liberties, ancient customs and approved statutes". 1209–1225 University of Cambridge   Cambridge, United Kingdom Founded by scholars leaving Oxford after a dispute caused by the execution of three scholars in 1209. The university was organised under a chancellor by 1225. The university takes 1209 as its official founding year. Along with Oxford, Cambridge was granted rights of discipline over its students and of fixing rents in letters issued by King Henry III in 1231. It received papal recognition as an academic corporation via an indult granted by Pope Gregory IX in 1233 and  was named as a studium generale in the papal bull Inter singula in 1318. The traditional view was that this raised it to a studium generale but more recent scholarship (which is now generally, although not universally, accepted) sees the bull as confirming, rather than conferring, this status.  1218–1219 University of Salamanca border|26px|Pennant of the Kingdom of León Kingdom of León  Salamanca, Spain The oldest university in the Hispanic world. The university was founded by Alfonso IX of León in 1218 and recognised by a  papal bull from Pope Alexander IV in 1255. 1222 University of Padua border|26px Medieval commune of Padua  Padua, Italy Founded by scholars and professors after leaving Bologna. Awarded the first degree in the world to be conferred on a woman, Elena Cornaro Piscopia, in 1678. 1224 University of Naples Federico II 20px Kingdom of Sicily  Naples, Italy It is the world's oldest state-funded university in continuous operation, and one of the first to be founded by a head of state, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor and king of Sicily. Refounded in 1234, 1239 and 1465, and closed 1490–1507. 1290 University of Coimbra 20x20পিক্সেল|Flag of Portugal (1248–1385) Kingdom of Portugal  Coimbra, Portugal Originally established in Lisbon but relocated to Coimbra from 1308 to 1338 and again from 1354 to 1377, before finally moving permanently to Coimbra in 1537.  1293 (Papal recognition 1346)University of Valladolid border|26px|Pennant of the Crown of Castile Crown of Castile Valladolid, Spain Founded in the late 13th century, probably by the city, with the first documented reference dating from 1293. 1308 University of Perugia 22px|Coat of arms of the Papal States Papal States  Perugia, Italy The university traces its history back to 1276 and statutes were granted in 1306 prior to the bull of Pope Clement V of 8 September 1308. 1348 Charles University 22px|Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia Kingdom of Bohemia,  Prague, Czech Republic Faculties of theology, law and medicine closed during the Bohemian Reformation, leaving only the faculty of liberal arts. Became Charles-Ferdinand University after the Thirty Years' War, with all four faculties restored. Split into German and Czech parts in 1882; the Czech branch restored the name Charles University after independence in 1918 and closed briefly during Nazi occupation (1939–1945) while the German branch closed permanently in 1945. 1357(originally 1246–1252) University of Siena 18px|Coat of arms of Siena Republic of Siena  Siena, Italy Claims to have been founded in 1240 by the Commune of Siena, although Rashdall dates the proclamation of the Studium to 1246, when Frederick II tried to place a ban on scholars travelling to Bologna, the date also given by Verger. Was granted some exemptions from taxes by Pope Innocent II in 1252, but closed shortly after when the scholars returned to Bologna. Attempted revivals in 1275 and (fed by further short-lived migrations of scholars from Bologna) in 1321 and 1338 were unsuccessful. Gained an Imperial Bull in 1357 "granting it de novo the 'privileges of a Studium Generale., but was not firmly established until "[i]n 1408 a fresh grant of privileges was obtained from Pope Gregory XII". Originally publisher 1895 Closed temporarily in 1808–1815 when Napoleonic forces occupied Tuscany. 1361 University of Pavia 18px|House of Visconti Domain of the House of Visconti  Pavia, Italy Transferred to Piacenza 1398–1412. Closed for short periods during the Italian Wars, Napoleonic wars, and Revolutions of 1848. 1364 (re-established in 1400) Jagiellonian University 22px Kingdom of Poland  Kraków, Poland Founded by King Casimir the Great as a studium generale in 1364. After the death of Casimir the Great in 1370, the development of the university stalled, with lectures being held in various places across the city, including churches and the Wawel cathedral school, and eventually coming to a pause. The faculty of theology was re-opened in 1397 by Queen Jadwiga who left a large endowment to the university upon her death in 1399. The university was formally re-established on 26 July 1400 by King Władysław Jagiełło. After Kraków was incorporated into the Austrian Empire, the university was merged with Lwów University from 1805 to 1809. The university was forcibly shut down during the German Occupation of Poland (1939–1945). The staff was deported to German-Nazi concentration camps, and many of its collections were deliberately destroyed by the occupying German authorities. Underground lectures continued for around 800 students during this period and the university formally reopened in 1945. 1365 University of Vienna 24px Duchy of Austria,    Vienna, Austria Founded by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, granted papal assent in 1384 by Pope Urban VI. The oldest university in the contemporary German-speaking world; it remains a question of definition whether Charles University in Prague was also German-speaking when founded. Due to its strong association with the Catholic Church, the university suffered setbacks during the Reformation, but never ceased operation. 1385 Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg 24px Electoral Palatinate,    Heidelberg, Germany Oldest university in Germany. Pope Urban VI granted permission for the founding of a university in October 1385 to Rupert I, Elector Palatine; teaching began in June 1386. Gradually declined during the 17th and 18th centuries until re-established as a state-owned institution by Karl Friedrich, Grand Duke of Baden in 1803. c. 1400(originally 1343 to c. 1360) University of Pisa 22px|Coat of arms of the Republic of Pisa Republic of Pisa  Pisa, Italy Established 1343 but closed around 1360; refounded at the start of the 15th century. Formally founded on 3 September 1343 by a bull of Pope Clement VI, although according to the university "a number of scholars claim its origin dates back to the 11th century". Transferred to Pistoia, Prato and Florence between 1494 and 1543. 1404 University of Turin   Turin, Italy  1409 University of Leipzig   Leipzig, Germany  1410–1413 University of St. Andrews   St. Andrews, United Kingdom A school of higher studies was founded in 1410 and was chartered by Bishop Henry Wardlaw in 1411. Full university status conferred by a papal bull of Antipope Benedict XIII on 28 August 1413.

The university was founded in 1410 when a group of Augustinian clergy, driven from the University of Paris by the Avignon schism and from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge by the Anglo-Scottish Wars, formed a society of higher learning in St Andrews, which offered courses of lectures in divinity, logic, philosophy, and law.  St Andrews was the obvious choice — "for centuries, it was the heart of the Scottish church and political activities" and "the seat of the greatest bishopric in Scotland and location of a monastery noted as a centre for learning".  A charter of privilege was bestowed upon the society of masters and scholars by the Bishop of St Andrews, Henry Wardlaw, on 28 February 1412. Wardlaw then successfully petitioned the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII to grant the school university status by issuing a series of papal bulls, which followed on 28 August 1413. King James I of Scotland confirmed the charter of the university in 1432. Subsequent kings supported the university, with King James V of Scotland "confirming privileges of the university" in 1532. 1419 University of Rostock   Rostock, Germany Continuous operation during the Reformation is disputed. Some sources state that "the Catholic university of Rostock closed altogether and the closure was long enough to make the refounded body feel a new institution" and that the university fell into complete decay after the beginning of the Reformation in (1523) when the university revenues were lost and matriculations ceased". However, Johann Oldendorp is reported by several sources as having held a professorship at the university from 1526 to 1534, although this is not proven beyond doubt, and other historians refer to "the remaining university lecturers" as supporting plans to restore the university revenues in 1532 (which was eventually accomplished via the Rostock Formula concordiae in 1563). There are records of a number of professors being appointed in 1551, including Johannes Aurifaber, David Chytraeus, and . 1430(originally 1391–1394) University of Ferrara 18px|House of Este House of Este  Ferrara, Italy  1431(originally 1303 to c. 1400) Sapienza University of Rome 22px|Coat of arms of the Papal States Papal States  Rome, Italy Founded in 1303 but closed at the end of the 14th century; refounded 1431. 1444 University of Catania  Kingdom of Sicily  Catania, Italy  1450 University of Barcelona 22px|Standard of the Crown of Aragon Crown of Aragon  Barcelona, Spain Founded by Alfonso V of Aragon on 3 September 1450 as  the Estudi General de Barcelona. From 1401 the city had a medical school founded by King Martin of Aragon (the Estudi General de Medecina de Barcelona), to which a faculty of arts was added in 1402. Before this, there were chairs of higher education (associated with the cathedral, the Dominican Convent of Santa Carolina, and the escoles majors supported by the city's governing council) from the 13th century. 1451 University of Glasgow   Glasgow, United Kingdom Founded by papal bull in 1451, it is the fourth-oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's four ancient universities. Along with the universities of Edinburgh, Aberdeen, and St Andrews, the university was part of the Scottish Enlightenment during the 18th century. 1456 University of Greifswald   Greifswald, Germany Some professors from Rostock taught temporarily in Greifswald between 1437 and 1443 due to unrest in Rostock. The university was founded in 1456 by Duke Wartislaw IX with the approval of Pope Callixtus III on the initiative of  Heinrich Rubenow, Lord Mayor of Greifswald (and first rector). Teaching paused temporarily during the Protestant Reformation (1527–39). 1457 Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg  Freiburg, Germany A papal bull of 1455 authorised the Bishop of Constance to establish a university, and in 1457 a ducal charter from Albert VI, Archduke of Austria founded the university. 1459 University of Basel  Basel, Switzerland  1459–1472 Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich  Munich, Germany Founded in Ingolstadt in 1472; with a papal bull obtained in 1459 from Pope Pius II by Louis the Rich, transferred to Landshut in 1800 and then to Munich in 1826. 1475 University of Copenhagen  within the    Copenhagen, Denmark Founded by papal bull in 1475 and royal decree in 1478, opening in 1479. 1476 Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen   Tübingen, Germany 1477 Uppsala University 20px|link= Kingdom of Sweden within the    Uppsala, Sweden Established in 1477 by the Catholic Archbishop Jakob Ulvsson. Decayed due to political unrest in the first decade of the 16th century and then the Reformation in the 1520s and 30s, remaining "only an idea without real content" until re-chartered in 1595. 1495 University of Aberdeen   Aberdeen, United Kingdom King's College was founded by a papal bull in 1495 and then Marischal College in 1593; they merged in 1860. 1499 Complutense University of Madrid border|26px|Pennant of the Crown of Castile Crown of Castile  Madrid, Spain A studium generale was founded by Sancho IV of Castile in 1293 in Alcalá de Henares. Very little is known of this institution over the next two centuries. In 1499 a papal bull was granted by Pope Alexander VI authorising Archbishop Cisneros to establish a Colegio Mayor in Alcalá with the same powers as the universities of Salamanca and Vallodolid, from which date Verger considers it a university. The new university opened in 1509.  The university was moved to Madrid in 1836 by royal decree. 1500 University of Valencia 22px|Standard of the Crown of Aragon Crown of Aragon  Valencia, Spain

 Oldest universities by country or region after 1500 still in operation 
The majority of European countries had universities by 1500. Many universities were established at institutes of learning such as schools and colleges that may have been founded significantly earlier but were not classed as universities upon their foundation; this is normally described in the notes for that institution. In some countries (particularly the US and those influenced by its culture), degree-granting higher education institutions that would normally be called universities are instead called colleges. In this case, both the oldest institution that would normally be regarded as a university and the oldest institution (if different) to actually be called a university are given. In many parts of the world, the first university to have a presence was an institution based elsewhere (often the University of London via the affiliation of a local college); where this is different from the first locally established university, both are given.

 Africa 

 Location Current name Year NotesCurrentOriginal (Algiers)  French Algeria(Algiers)  University of Algiers 1909  (Luanda)  Portuguese Angola(Luanda)  Agostinho Neto University 1962    Founded as Estudos Gerais Universitários de Angola. Was renamed Universidade de Luanda (University of Luanda) in 1968. After Angolan independence from Portugal in 1975, the institution was renamed the University of Angola (Universidade de Angola). In 1985 it was renamed Agostinho Neto University, in honour of Agostinho Neto, the first President of Angola. (Abomey-Calavi)  Republic of Dahomey(Abomey-Calavi) University of Abomey-Calavi1970Originally the University of Dahomey. Renamed the National University of Benin in 1975 and took its current name in 2001.(Gaborone, Francistown, Maun)University of Botswana1964 (as part of the University of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland; university 1982) (Ouagadougou) 23px Republic of Upper Volta(Ouagadougou) University of Ouagadougou1974 (Bujumbura)  23px Kingdom of Burundi(Bujumbura)  University of Burundi1964 (Yaoundé)  23px Federal Republic of Cameroon(Yaoundé)  University of Yaoundé  1962   In 1993 following a university reform the University of Yaounde was split into two (University of Yaoundé I and University of Yaoundé II) following the university branch-model pioneered by the University of Paris. (Praia)Jean Piaget University of Cape Verde 2001  As a result of the merger of the two previously existing higher education establishments (ISE and ISECMAR)(Bangui)University of Bangui1969(N'Djamena)University of N'Djamena1971Originally the University of Chad, renamed the University of N'Djamena 1994.(Moroni)University of the Comoros2003(Kinshasa)23px Belgian Congo(Kinshasa)University of Kinshasa1954 Originator established as the Lovanium University, affiliated to the Catholic University of Leuven. Merged into the National University of Zaire in 1971 then demerged under its current name in 1981. (Brazzaville)  23px People's Republic of the Congo(Brazzaville)  Marien Ngouabi University1971 Founded as the University of Brazzaville in 1971, changed to current name in 1977.(Djibouti City)University of Djibouti2006 (Giza)  Khedivate of Egypt(Cairo)  Cairo University 1908 The oldest university in Egypt and second oldest higher education institution (after Al-Azhar University, which was founded as a madrasa c. 970 and became a university in 1962)(Malabo)National University of Equatorial Guinea1995(Mai Nefhi)Eritrea Institute of Technology2003 Founded following the closure of the University of Asmara, which had been established as a college in 1958 (Kwaluseni)(Kwaluseni)University of Eswatini1964 (as part of the University of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland; university 1982) Originally established as the University of Swaziland, changed to current name in 2018 (Addis Ababa)  Ethiopian Empire(Addis Ababa)  University of Addis Ababa 1950 (as college offering degree courses; university 1962)  The university was originally called the University College of Addis Ababa in 1950, offering courses leading to degrees of the University of London. It became Haile Selassie I University in 1962, named after the Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie I. The institution received its current name in 1975.(Libreville)Omar Bongo University1970 Founded as the National University of Gabon and took current name in 1978(Serekunda)University of the Gambia1999  (Accra) (Accra)  University of Ghana 1948 (as affiliate college of the University of London; university 1961)  Founded as the University College of the Gold Coast, an affiliate college of the University of London which supervised its academic programmes and awarded the degrees. It gained full university status in 1961.(Conakry)Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry1962(Bissau)Universidade Colinas de Boé2003 Universidade Amílcar Cabral2003 (Abidjan)Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny 1964 (as main campus of the University of Abidjan; university 1996) (Nairobi)link=:File:Flag of British East Africa.svg|23px Colony and Protectorate of Kenya
(Nairobi) University of Nairobi 1961 (as affiliate college of the University of London; college 1956; univ
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