বহুভাঁজ

গণিতে বহুভাঁজ হল এমন এক টপোলজিকাল স্থান যা স্থানীয়ভাবে প্রতিটি বিন্দুর নিকটে ইউক্লিডীয় স্থানের সমরূপ হবে। আরও সঠিকভাবে বলা যায়, একটি n-মাত্রিক বহুভাঁজের প্রতিটি বিন্দুর একটি সমীপবর্তিতা বিদ্যমান যা n মাত্রার ইউক্লিডীয় স্থানে হোমিওমর্ফিক। আরও নিখুঁত পরিভাষায়, একটি বহুভাঁজ বলতে n-বহুভাঁজকে বোঝানো হয়।

তথ্যসূত্র

 Freedman, Michael H., and Quinn, Frank (1990) Topology of 4-Manifolds. Princeton University Press. .
 Guillemin, Victor and Pollack, Alan (1974) Differential Topology. Prentice-Hall. . Advanced undergraduate / first-year graduate text inspired by Milnor.
 Hempel, John (1976) 3-Manifolds. Princeton University Press. .
 Hirsch, Morris, (1997) Differential Topology. Springer Verlag. . The most complete account, with historical insights and excellent, but difficult, problems. The standard reference for those wishing to have a deep understanding of the subject.
 Kirby, Robion C. and Siebenmann, Laurence C. (1977) Foundational Essays on Topological Manifolds. Smoothings, and Triangulations. Princeton University Press. . A detailed study of the category of topological manifolds.
 Lee, John M. (2000) Introduction to Topological Manifolds. Springer-Verlag. . Detailed and comprehensive first-year graduate text. 
 Lee, John M. (2003) Introduction to Smooth Manifolds. Springer-Verlag. . Detailed and comprehensive first-year graduate text; sequel to Introduction to Topological Manifolds. 
 Massey, William S. (1977) Algebraic Topology: An Introduction. Springer-Verlag. .
 Milnor, John (1997) Topology from the Differentiable Viewpoint. Princeton University Press. . Classic brief introduction to differential topology.
 Munkres, James R. (1991) Analysis on Manifolds.  Addison-Wesley (reprinted by Westview Press) . Undergraduate text treating manifolds in Rn.
 Munkres, James R. (2000) Topology. Prentice Hall. .
 Neuwirth, L. P., ed. (1975) Knots, Groups, and 3-Manifolds. Papers Dedicated to the Memory of R. H. Fox. Princeton University Press. .
 Riemann, Bernhard, Gesammelte mathematische Werke und wissenschaftlicher Nachlass, Sändig Reprint. .
Grundlagen für eine allgemeine Theorie der Functionen einer veränderlichen complexen Grösse. The 1851 doctoral thesis in which "manifold" (Mannigfaltigkeit) first appears.
Ueber die Hypothesen, welche der Geometrie zu Grunde liegen. The 1854 Göttingen inaugural lecture (Habilitationsschrift).
 Spivak, Michael (1965) Calculus on Manifolds: A Modern Approach to Classical Theorems of Advanced Calculus. W.A. Benjamin Inc. (reprinted by Addison-Wesley and Westview Press). . Famously terse advanced undergraduate / first-year graduate text.
 Spivak, Michael (1999) A Comprehensive Introduction to Differential Geometry (3rd edition) Publish or Perish Inc.  Encyclopedic five-volume series presenting a systematic treatment of the theory of manifolds, Riemannian geometry, classical differential geometry, and numerous other topics at the first- and second-year graduate levels.
 . Concise first-year graduate text.

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