Gunung Hunga Tonga

Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haapai inggih punika nusa gunung marapi sané magenah sawatara   kelod-kelod kangin nusa Fonuafoou ring Tonga. Gunung marapi puniki pahan saking Tonga sané sanget aktif–Kepuloan Kermadec busur vulkanik, satunggil wawengkon subduksi sané ngapentang saking Selandia Anyar kalér-kalér kangin ngantos Fiji.Clift, Peter D.; Rose, Estelle F.; Shimizu, Nobumichi; Layne, Graham D.; Draut, Amy E.; and Regelous, Marcel. "Tracing the Evolving Flux From the Subducting Plate in the Tonga-Kermadec Arc System Using Boron in Volcanic Glass." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 65:19 (October 2001). Gupta, Alok K. Igneous Rocks. Mumbai, India: Allied Publishers, 1998.  Punika magenah ring  duur wawengkon séismik sané sanget aktip.Ewart, A.; Bryan, W.B.; and Gill, J.B. "Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Younger Volcanic Islands of Tonga, S.W. Pacific." Journal of Petrology. 14:3 (1973).  busur nusa kawentuk ring wates konvergén ring dija Lémpéng Pasifik nunceb ring sor Lémpéng Indo-Australia.Ewart, A. "A Petrological Study of the Younger Tongan Andesites and Dacites, and the Olivine Tholeiites of Niua Fo'ou Island, S. W. Pacific." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 58:1 (January 1976) Hawkesworth, C.J.; Turner, S.P.; McDermott, F.; Peate, D.W.; and van Calsteren, P. "U-Th Isotopes in Arc Magmas: Implications for Element Transfer from the Subducted Crust." Science. 276:5312 (April 25, 1997). 
 Pustaka