قرامافون

قرامافون یوخسا فونوقراف () بیر موسیقی آلتی دیر. توماس ادیسونون ایختیراع لارینداندیر.

 قایناقلار 

 ائشیک باغلانتیلار

 c.1915 Swiss hot-air engined gramophone at Museum of Retro Technology
 Interactive sculpture delivers tactile soundwave experience 
 Very early recordings from around the world
 The Birth of the Recording Industry
 The Cylinder Archive
 The Berliner Sound and Image Archive
 Cylinder Preservation & Digitization Project – Over 6,000 cylinder recordings held by the Department of Special Collections, University of California, Santa Barbara, free for download or streamed online.
 Cylinder players held at the British Library  – information and high-quality images.
 History of Recorded Sound: Phonographs and Records
 EnjoytheMusic.com – Excerpts from the book Hi-Fi All-New 1958 Edition
 Listen to early recordings on the Edison Phonograph
 Mario Frazzetto's Phonograph and Gramophone Gallery.
 Say What? – Essay on phonograph technology and intellectual property law
 Vinyl Engine – Information, images, articles and reviews from around the world
 The Analogue Dept  – Information, images and tutorials; strongly focused on Thorens brand
 45 rpm player and changer at work on YouTube
 Historic video footage of Edison operating his original tinfoil phonograph
 Turntable History on Enjoy the Music.com
 2-point and Arc Protractor generators on AlignmentProtractor.com

بؤلمه:آمریکا ایختیراعلاری
بؤلمه:توماس ادیسون