Wilamaya Patjxa

Wilamaya patjxaHaas et al. 2020 ukaxa nayra yacimiento aequeologico ukawa altiplano andino titiqaqa quta qawayankiwa (Perú) markana. UKa utjawixa walja altu (3.925m) ukankiwa llatunkawaranqa maranakatwa ukanxa utjatasipxatayna nayra uywa katuri jaqinakaxa.  Uka uraqi chikt´ataxa yatiyasiwa kunjamsa ukanxa nayra jaqinakaxa utjasipxiritayna Ttitiqaqa quta qawayani ukhaxa, ukhamarakiwa, uñachyasiwa kunjamsa sarnaqasipxiritayna ukhamaraki lurapxiritayna uka naraqata jaqinakaxa thayampi ukhamaraki juyphimpi aka patapampa tuqinxa ukana utjirina.Aldenderfer 2006; Haas 2023


Uka uraqixa maysk´a luma patxankiwa waranqa suxtapataka hectáreas ukankiwa.

Uka irnaqañataki wakisirinakaxa walja qalata lurañanakani materiales ukaniwa, qalatakhitutanaka, jach´a uywa ch´akanaka ukhamaraki chupika laq´a. Janiwa ñiq´ita lurata ceramicas ukhamaraki arquitectura permanente ukaxa utjkiti, ukaxa saña muniwa nayrapachaxa utjasirinakapaxa sariri jaqinakiritaynawa. Pawaranqa tunka kimsaqallquni marana excavaciones arqueológicas uraqi jat´´iwinakaxa uñachayasiwa kunaymana sarnaqawinaka utjatapa ukankiwa jaqinaka allintata suxta jaqinakawa uñasia. Fechas de radiocarno ukataypitwa yatisixa paya jaqi chakanakwa yatisixa ukaxa utjiritaynaxa jaya llatunka waranqa ukhamasa kimsaqallqu waranqa apaqallqu pataka 9.000 - 8.700 BP maranakanwa utjasipxiritaynaxa.Haas et al. 2020; Smallwood et al. 2023 


Wilamaya Patjxa allintawinaka uñachayataxa warminaka allintawiwa (WMP6) ukhamaraki yaqhaxa chachana (WMP1) ukawa, sapa mayniwa jach´a uywanaka katuñataki lurañanakawa.Smallwood et al. 2023 Uka yatisaxa, uka aylluna utjasirinakaxa uka jaqinakaruxa sutichapxiwa Warawara ukhamasa Phaxsi sasina. Uka uñanchawinakaxa amuyayasiwa jupanakaxa jach´a uywa katurinakiripachawa,  ukanakawa yanapixa kunjamsa nayrapachaxa jaqinakaxa uywa katurinakatayna utxa,Bebber et al. 2023; Ocobock and Lacy 2023; Lacy and Ocobock 2023; Anderson et al. 2023 ukamatwa yatiraktanxa kunjamataynasa chachati jani ukaxa warmicha uka yatiñatakisa nayra utjasiri jaqinakana, kunjamakitixa jichhapachanakaxa manqanaka pallasiri jaqinakampiKelly 2013. Paya uru saraqata jalluqallta phaxsixa pawaranqa patunka mayani maranxa, Ministerio de Cultura ukaxa peruano markanxa Warawarana ukhamaraki Phaxsina lurawinakapxa uñt´ayiwa Patrimonio Cultural de la Nacion ukhama.Ministerio de Cultura 2021

Warawara
Warawaraxa tawaqu warminawa kunaymana uywa katuñanaka yanakapampi allintataa niya llatunkawaranqa maranakanipachawa ukaxa Wilamaya Patjxa ukankiwa.Haas et al. 2020 Warawaraxa sañmuniwa estrella castilla arukxa ukhamsasawa ukawjana utjasiri jaqinakaxa sutiyasipxi, uñstawipatpacha kunayrasatixa yatisi jaqi jiwata allintawipata (WMP 6) ukhama.Mamani Flores et al. 2025

Paya wakt´ayawi maranakapa yatiñataki ch´akana pharphaparu yatiyasixa uka allintawixa apaspachanawa llatunka waranqa marata niya kinsaqallqu waranqa paqallqu pataka maranakana. Uka análisis proteómicos ukhamaraki chakanaka uñxatawitwa uñachayiwa ukawa warmiwa ukhmasa niya tunka paqallquni jani ukaxa tunka llatunkani maranipachawa ukxa kunawrasatixa jiwawaypacha ukaxa.Haas et al. 2020


Ukaxa kunjamiritaynasa Warawarana wariwawa katuñaxa ukwa uñachaychitu. Uka uñachawixa yatiyasiwa uka lurañanaka jakiwita, qalaru sixsutanakata ukhamasa yaqha nayra lurawi jakiwinakata aka suyuna utjawita. Ukhamasa Matthew Verdolivo ukana iwxawinakapampi Randy Haas ukanakampi yanapata.

Uka jaqi allintata p´iyanakaxa, jaytpacha, wali wakisiri  Wilamay Patjxa uraqita allsuta  lurawinakawa ukhamasa Soro Mik´aya Patjxa jak´ankiwa. Walja lurawinaka jakiwixa jach´a uywanaka katuña lurawinkapachanawa.Smallwood et al. 2023 Apnaqaspachanawa uka phisqa puntani q´axchañanaka ukanakawa jach´a uywaka warinaka ukhamasa taruca katuñataki apnaqasityanaxa, kunjamakitixa aka utjawisanakana ukhama. Examen microscopico ukataypita uñjata uka wali puntani arinakaxa apnaqasinawa uywanaka jiwayañataki janiwa khariñataki ukhamasa imt´´añatakinati. Uka qalata lurawinakaxa waljanakanawa liphichita t´awra apaqañataki, lascas, qhariñanaka, ari k´utañanaka, guijarros ukhamasa chupika laqanaka, ukanakaxa uywanaka aychanaka imañatakiñapachanawa.Smallwood et al. 2023 Uka walja apthapita jach´a uywanaka katuña lurañanakaxa warmina apnaqataxa uñjayasiwa warmiwa uywa katuripachanaxa.Haas et al. 2020 Uka ch´umsuwi amtawiru purisixa nayra sarnaqawinaka uñxatasisa, kawkintixa uka lurañanakaxa apnaqasitaynawa jakawipata jiwañapkama ukatwa jiwañaparu allintataxa.Binford 1971

Samana yant´awinaka ullasisawa Warawarana ch´akapanxa aka pata pampa tuqina utjasitapawa yatisi.Haas et al. 2020 Uka carbono ukhamaraki nitrógeno ukanakampi mara yatiñatakixa, ukhamaraki arqueobotánicos ukhamasa zooarqueológicos ukanakanmoi kiktataxa uñachayasiwa manqañanakapaxa pampa quranakiritaynawa ukhamasa aychaxa niya patakatsipanxa patunka jukha manqapxiritaynaxa.Chen et al. 2024

Phaxsi
Phaxsixa jila marani chachawa niya llatunkamarawa allintataxixa uka Wilamaya  muqu patxana ukana. Phaxsi ukaxa castilla arutxa “luna” sañmunixa uka sutwa aylluna utjasirinakaxa uchasipxixa uka jaqi jintila jakisinxa Individuo Funerari 1 (WMP1) ukaru.Mamani Flores et al. 2025

Radiocarbono ch´aka pharpha uñxatisinwa uka uraqiru allintawinakaxa apaspachanawa niya llatunka waranqa marata kimsaqallqu paqallqu pataka marakama ukhamasa, uksipanxa, ukaxa niya warawarampi chika maranakawa.Smallwood et al. 2023 Análisis proteomicos ukhamaraki osteologicos ukana uñakipasawa Phaxsixa chachanawa ukhamasa patunka phisqani marata kimsa tunka marankama kunawrasatixa jiwkana ukapachaxa.Haas et al. 2020

Uka jaqixa paya aripunta ukanakaru waykatatanawa, ukatxa janiwa qhanakanati uka luraña yanakaxa amayanaka imañaxa jani ukaxa uywanaka katuña q´axchañanakanacha ukaxa. Uka examen microscopico ukawa qhanañchaspaxa ari qalanakati jani ukaxa lurañanaka yanakacha ukxa ukhamasa manynixa khariñatakiwa apnaqasitaynaxa.Smallwood et al. 2023


Isotópos ch´akanaka samanaka ullasinwa yatisixa Phaxsixa wali altu patapampatuqina utjasitapa.Haas et al. 2020 Uka isotopos  estables decarbono ukhamasa notrógeno, ukanakaxa arqueobotánicos ukhamasa zooarqueológicos ukanakampi challtata, jupanakana manqañanakaxa pamapa quranakanawa ukhamasa aycha manqaxa niya 20% ukhakirakinawa.Chen et al. 2024

Maqañanakapa apthapita
Wilamaya Patjxa ukhamasa Doro Mik´aya Patjxa ukawjanakana utjiri jaqinakanxa apthapipsnawa kunjamanasa maqanakapa ukanaka.Chen et al. 2024 Paqallqu jaqinakata química isotopos estables ukanaka uñxatasina Wilamaya Patjxana uñachayasiwa niya 80% ukhawa pampa quranakataynaxa ukhamaraki 20% ukharaki aychanaka.  Uka phichantata pampa quranakaxa yatiyasiwaka kuna manq´anakasa utjana uka apharunakawa wakisiri manqapanaxa phuqutanaka manqa sipanxa. Uywa ch´akanaka ukawjana jakitanakaxa qawrauywanakankiwa jilpachaxa (uksipanxa warinakana) maysk´anakaraki tarukanakana. Janiwa chwlla ch´akanakaxa jakiskiti, jamachinakansa ukhamaraki yaqha sarnaqiri uywanakansa. Ukawjana jaktapiwinakanwa yatiychituxa maqañanakapaxa walxa chuxña pampa qurantwa manqapxiritayna, ukhamasa jach´a uywanakaxa awispaxa qullqi jalaqayañatakiwa Wilamaya Patjxa  jaqinakataki khaya llatunkawaranqa maranakatpacha aka patapampa tuqina.

Jist´awinaka sarnaqawipa
Pawaranqa tunka kimsani marana Soro Mik´aya Patjxa ukana uraqi jat´iwinakatxa, Albino Pilco Quispe uka jilataxa (Mulla Fasiri uka aylluna utjasiri ukhamasa arqueología proyectonaka yanapirinawa walja pachanaka) jupaxa yatiyanawa Randy Haas uka arqueologo (Universidad de Wyoming) ukaruxa walja lurañataki yanaka uka Mulla Fasiri uka tuqina jakitanakata. Uka kurañataki yanaka uñxatasinwa yatipsnaxa kawki maranakapachasa  uka componente del Periodo Arcaico Temprano (11,7-9,0 ka) ukhamaxa, uksipanxa, ukaxa walikhusawa nayra jaqinakata yatiñatakixa Titicaca quta qawayana utjasirinakana. Universidad Davis de California ukana yanapawipampi, arqueólogos ukhamasaki Mulla Fasiri aylluna utjasirinakana jupanakawa uraqi jat´ipxiritayna khaya pawaranqa tunka kimsaqallquni marana ukhamaraki patunka tunka llatunkani marana. Uka uraqina sutipaxa uñstiwa aymara tunu aruta.

Cobertura mediática
Wilamaya Patjxa ukana jakisiwinakaxa walja huayra wasinakanwa yatiyawinakapaxa ist´atanawa,Altmetric 2023 ukasa el New York Times ukankarakinawa,Gorman 2020 El País ukana,Ángel Criado 2020 National Geographic ukansaWei-Haas 2020 y National Public Radio ukhamarakiLim 2020. National Geographic ukaxa qillqiwa: ",Ma uywa katuri warmina nayra sarnaqawinakapawa yatisi kunjamsa warminakaxa sarnaqiritayna uka".Wei-Haas 2020 Forbes uka yatiyawixa qillqiwa: " Jni juchachamti nayra awkinakasaru jani walt´´awinka utjawita, nayra warminakaxa uywanakakxa katurakiritaynawa walja jach´a uywanaka".Elsesser 2020 El New York Times ukaxa yatiyanawa "Nayra yatiyawinakaxa uñt´aychituwa Perú markana ma tawaquna uywa katurina sarnaqawipa", ukatxa "jist´irinakaxa naiwa suma amtawiru puripkiti kunjamsa uka uñstawinakaxa nayra pachanxa utjiritayna ukanaka, kawkintixa chacha warmixa sarawiniritanyna ukxa".Gorman 2020

Sixsuwita siwsawi:  Puno suyuna nayra sallqa uywanaka katuri jaqinaka
Jicha 2025 maraxa, del Embajador  para la Preservación Cultural de la Embajada de los Estados Unidos ukana Perú  markana, Mulla Fasiri aylluna jaqinakapampi  ukhamaraki Peruano  arqueólogos  ukhamasa estadosunidenses  ukampi yanapt´awipampixa qillqalxiwa aka panka juk´aki ukhamasa sixsuta nayrapacha amtañataki Wilamaya Patjxa sarnaqawi  arquelogia  tuqita, etnografia ukhamasa aymara yatiwinakata.



Uka sarnaqawixa  ma wilamasitawa khitinakatixa maqañanaka thaqasawa sarnaqapxiritayna ukhamasa Wilamaya Patjxa ukana jakasipxiritayna  khaya  paqallquwaranka maranakana.   Ayllutuqinxa janiwa ´ch´ulla wariksa katjapkataynati walja pohaxsinaka  ukatxa munapxanawa liphichinaka isisiñataki  uka altutuqinakanxa wali thayataynawa. Ukatxa mayawruwa, waynpacha  chachawarmixa, Warawara ukhamasa Phaxsi, Fasiri qulluruwa makatapxana ukatxa ukanwa paya achachi warinaka katjanipxatayna  estolicas ukanakampi. Ukatxa, janira amuyaskasina, ma isk´a wariqallu janiawkini taykani jaytapxi. Kunawrasatixa ikiñawjaru kutt´anxapxi ukaxa, phuchapaxa, wiskachita ukaxa, jani jiwaykañaniti sasawa mayt´asinaxa, ukatxa ayllutuqinxa aychapa, lip´ichipsa wali munapxanaxa. Uksipanxa, aruma chiqaruxa, Warawaraxa ukhamasa phaxsisa tawrapwa khuchurapxana ukhamasa chullwa p´isupxanaxa uka t´awrampixa, qhipanta uruxa ukwa maisk´a wawaruxa churapxanaxa uka wawasti janiwa ch´ullunikanati. Ukamwa, jaqinakaruxa aka uwxa munapxtanwa sasa amuyuyana wariqallu uywasiskañataki. Uka pachatwa,  wariwawaxa ayllunkiri jaqinakampixa qamasxixa ukaxa nayraqata uywawa walja tama qhipanakana utxana taqi ayllutukinakankiriru tawrapampi yanapañataki suma thayapatxana utjasiñataki.

Akiri pankaxa kimsa arunakata qillqatawa: (aymara, español ukhamasa Ingles), aymararu jaqukipiwa Dilma Velasquez Llano (Puno) ukhamasa Sixsurakiwa Sandro Edwin Alania Pari (Ilave). Qillqaña Rafael Valdez E.I.R.L. (Lima). WyoScholar de la Universidad de Wyoming ukanxa utjiwa digitales qillqata apaqata inaki apaqaña janiwa qullqitakikiti  ukhamasa jakismawa walja qillqata apaqatanaka yatiyawinaka.

Uñxatarikismawa yaqhampi
    • Jiskairumoko
    • Qillqatani
    • Soro Mik'aya Patjxa

Yaqha yatiyawinaka
 Aldenderfer, Mark S. (2006) "Modelling plateau peoples: the early human use of the world's high plateaux." World Archaeology 38(3):357–370. doi:10.1080/00438240600813285
"Altmetric: Female hunter's of the early Americas". Retrieved 31 October 2023.
Anderson, Abigail; Chilczuk, Sophia; Nelson, Kaylie; Ruther, Roxanne; Wall-Scheffler, Cara (2023) "The myth of man the hunter: women's contribution to the hunt across ethnographic contexts." PLoS ONE 18(6):e0287101. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287101.
Ángel Criado, Miguel (2020) "Las mujeres prehistóricas también cazaban grandes animales." El País. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
Binford, Lewis R. (1971) "Mortuary practices: their study and their potential". Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology 25:6--29. doi:10.1017/s0081130000002525.
Chen, Jennifer C.; Aldenderfer, Mark S.; Eerkens, Jelmer W.; Langlie, BrieAnna S.; Viviano Llave, Carlos; Watson,  James T.; Haas, Randall (2024) "Stable isotope chemistry reveals plant-dominant diet among early foragers on the Andean Altiplano, 9.0–6.5 cal. ka." PLoS ONE 19(1): e0296420. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0296420.
Elsesser, Kim (2020) "Don’t Blame Gender Inequity On Our Ancestors, Ancient Women Were Big-Game Hunters Too." Forbes. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
Gorman, James (2020) "Ancient Remains in Peru Reveal Young, Female Big-Game Hunter." Trilobites, New York Times. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
Haas, Randall (2023) "Early settlement of the High Andes."  Oxford Research Encyclopedia. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190854584.013.444
Haas, Randall; Watson, James; Buonasera, Tammy; Southon, John; Chen, Jennifer C.; Noe, Sarah; Smith, Kevin; Viviano Llave, Carlos; Eerkens, Jelmer; Parker, Glendon. "Female hunters of the early Americas". Science Advances. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 6 (45): eabd0310. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abd0310.
Lacy, Sarah; Ocobock, Cara (2023) "Woman the hunter: The archaeological evidence." American Anthropologist. doi:10.1111/aman.13914.
Lim, Alexa (2020) "Ancient Big Game Hunters May Have Included Women." Science Friday, National Public Radio. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
Lindo, John; Haas, Randall; Hofman, Courtney; Apata, Mario; Moraga, Mauricio; Verdugo, Ricardo A.; Watson, James T.; Viviano Llave, Carlos; Witonsky, David; Beall, Cynthia; Warinner, Christina; Novembre, John; Aldenderfer, Mark; Di Rienzo, Anna (2018). "The genetic prehistory of the Andean highlands 7000 years BP though European contact". Science Advances. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 4 (11): eaau4921. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau4921.
Kelly, Robert L. (2013) The lifeways of hunter-gatherers: the foraging spectrum. Cambridge University Press.
Ministerio de Cultura, Peru (2021) Resolución Viceministerial N° 000281-2021-VMPCIC/MC.
Ocobock, Cara; Lacy, Sarah (2023) "Woman the hunter: The physiological evidence." American Anthropologist. doi:10.1111/aman.13915.
Mamani Flores, Alberto, Néstor Condori Flores, Bertha Maquera Flores, Néstor Condori Flores, Rogelio Mamani Flores, Nery Beatriz Coaquira Choque, Edy Stanler Mamani Contreras, Belinia Ayma Maquera, Ronaldo Rudyard Condori Pilco, Sara Mariela Flores Coaquira, Luis Rubén Pilco Coaquira, Jhon Álex Condori Flores, Emily Camila Flores Coaquira, Érika Claudia Flores Coaquira, Virginia Incacoña Huaraya, Mateo Incacoña Huaraya, Cecilia Chávez Justo, Luis Ángel Flores Blanco, Elizabeth A. Klarich, Mark S. Aldenderfer, Sandro Alania Pari, Dilma Velásquez Llano and Randall Haas 2025  Los cazadores de Puno | the hunters of Puno | Puno suyuna nayra sallqa uywanaka katuri jaqinaka. Rafael Ediciones, Lima. doi:10.15786/wyoscholar/10062
Smallwood, Ashley; Haas, Randall; Jennings, Thomas (2023) "Lithic usewear analysis confirms the function of Wilamaya Patjxa projectile points." Scientific Reports 2023. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-45743-7.

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