क्रियात्मक समूह

कार्बनिक रसायन में, कवनो अणु में उपस्थित परमाणुन् या बन्धन् कय अइसन विशिष्ट समूह जवन उ कार्बनिक यौगिक कय रासायनिक गुणन् कय निर्धारण करत अहै,ओका प्रकार्यात्मक समूह या क्रियात्मक समूह (फंक्शनल ग्रुप) कहत हैं ।
 प्रमुख प्रकार्यात्मक समूहन् कय सुची 

 हाइड्रोकार्बन 
 रासायनिक वर्ग समूह सूत्र संरचनात्मक सूत्र उपसर्ग (Prefix) प्रत्यय (Suffix) उदाहरण Alkane  Alkyl R(CH2)nH 75px|Alkyl alkyl-  -ane 75px|methaneEthane Alkene  Alkenyl R2C=CR2 75px|Alkene alkenyl-  -ene 75px|ethyleneEthylene(Ethene) Alkyne  Alkynyl RC≡CR' 100px|Alkyne alkynyl-  -yne 100px|acetyleneAcetylene(Ethyne) Benzene derivative Phenyl RC6H5RPh 75px|Phenyl phenyl-  -benzene 75px|CumeneCumene(2-phenylpropane) Toluene derivative Benzyl RCH2C6H5RBn 75px|Benzyl benzyl- 1-(substituent)toluene 75px|Benzyl bromideBenzyl bromide(α-Bromotoluene)

 हाइड्रोजन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह 
 रासायनिक वर्ग समूह सूत्र संरचनात्मक सूत्र उपसर्ग (Prefix) प्रत्यय (Suffix) उदाहरण haloalkane  halo RX 50px|Halide group halo-  alkyl halide 75px|ChloroethaneChloroethane(Ethyl chloride) fluoroalkane  fluoro RF 50px|Fluoro group fluoro-  alkyl fluoride 75px|FluoromethaneFluoromethane(Methyl fluoride) chloroalkane  chloro RCl 50px|Chloro group chloro-  alkyl chloride 75px|ChloromethaneChloromethane(Methyl chloride) bromoalkane  bromo RBr 50px|Bromo group bromo-  alkyl bromide 75px|BromomethaneBromomethane(Methyl bromide) iodoalkane  iodo RI 50px|Iodo group iodo-  alkyl iodide 75px|IodomethaneIodomethane(Methyl iodide)

 आक्सीजन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह 
 रासायनिक वर्ग समूह सूत्र संरचनात्मक सूत्र उपसर्ग (Prefix) प्रत्यय (Suffix) उदाहरण Alcohol  Hydroxyl ROH 75px|Hydroxyl hydroxy-  -ol 90px|methanolMethanol Ketone  Carbonyl RCOR' Ketone|75px -oyl- (-COR')oroxo- (=O)  -one 75px|ButanoneButanone(Methyl ethyl ketone) Aldehyde  Aldehyde RCHO 75px|Aldehyde formyl- (-COH)oroxo- (=O) -al 75px|acetaldehydeAcetaldehyde(Ethanal) Acyl halide  Haloformyl RCOX 75px|Acyl halide carbonofluoridoyl-carbonochloridoyl-carbonobromidoyl-carbonoiodidoyl-  -oyl halide 75px|Acetyl chlorideAcetyl chloride(Ethanoyl chloride)Carbonate Carbonate estere ROCOOR 75px|Carbonate (alkoxycarbonyl)oxy- alkyl carbonate 90px|triphosgeneTriphosgene(bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate) Carboxylate Carboxylate  RCOO− 75px|Carboxylate
75px|Carboxylate carboxy-  -oate 75px|Sodium acetateSodium acetate(Sodium ethanoate) Carboxylic acid Carboxyl  RCOOH 75px|Carboxylic acid carboxy-  -oic acid 75px|Acetic acidAcetic acid(Ethanoic acid) Ester  Ester RCOOR' Ester|75px alkanoyloxy-oralkoxycarbonyl alkyl alkanoate 75px|Ethyl butyrateEthyl butyrate(Ethyl butanoate) Methoxy  Methoxy ROCH3 75px|Methoxy methoxy- Hydroperoxide Hydroperoxy ROOH 75px|Hydroperoxy hydroperoxy- alkyl hydroperoxide 75px|tert-Butyl hydroperoxidetert-Butyl hydroperoxide Peroxide Peroxy ROOR 75px|Peroxy peroxy- alkyl peroxide 75px|Di-tert-butyl peroxideDi-tert-butyl peroxide Ether  Ether ROR' 75px|Ether alkoxy- alkyl ether 75px|Diethyl etherDiethyl ether(Ethoxyethane) Hemiacetal  Hemiacetal RCH(OR')(OH) 75px|Hemiacetal alkoxy -ol -al alkyl hemiacetal  Hemiketal  Hemiketal RC(ORʺ)(OH)R' 75px|Hemiketal alkoxy -ol -one alkyl hemiketal  Acetal  Acetal RCH(OR')(OR") 75px|Acetal dialkoxy- -al dialkyl acetal  Ketal (or Acetal)  Ketal (or Acetal)  75px|Ketal dialkoxy- -one dialkyl ketal  Orthoester  Orthoester  75px|Orthoester trialkoxy-   Heterocycle  Methylenedioxy  75px|Methylenedioxy chemical structure. methylenedioxy- -dioxole 75px1,2-Methylenedioxybenzene(1,3-Benzodioxole) Orthocarbonate ester  Orthocarbonate ester   tetralkoxy- tetraalkyl orthocarbonate 

 नाइट्रोजन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह 

 रासायनिक वर्ग समूह सूत्र संरचनात्मक सूत्र उपसर्ग (Prefix) प्रत्यय (Suffix) उदाहरण Amide  Carboxamide RCONR2 75px|Amide carboxamido-orcarbamoyl- -amide 75px|acetamideAcetamide(Ethanamide) Amines Primary amine RNH2 75px|Primary amine amino-  -amine 75px|methylamineMethylamine(Methanamine) Secondary amine R2NH 75px|Secondary amine amino-  -amine 75px|dimethylamineDimethylamine Tertiary amine R3N 75px|Tertiary amine amino-  -amine 75px|trimethylamineTrimethylamine 4° ammonium ion R4N+ 75px|Quaternary ammonium cation ammonio-  -ammonium 150px|cholineCholine Imine Primary ketimine RC(=NH)R' 75px|Imine imino-  -imine  Secondary ketimine RC(=NR)R'
| 75px|Imine
| imino- || -imine
| 
|-
| Primary aldimine
| RC(=NH)H
| 75px|Imine
| imino- || -imine
| 150px|EthanimineEthanimine
|-
| Secondary aldimine
| RC(=NR')H
| 75px|Imine
| imino- || -imine
| 
|-
| Imide || Imide
| (RCO)2NR'
| 75px|Imide
| imido-
| -imide
| 75px|SuccinimideSuccinimide(Pyrrolidine-2,5-dione)
|-
| Azide
| Azide
| RN3
| 75px|Organoazide
| azido- || alkyl azide
| 75px|Phenyl azidePhenyl azide(Azidobenzene)
|-
| Azo compound
| Azo(Diimide)
| RN2R'
| 75px|Azo.pngl
| azo- || -diazene
| 150px|Methyl orangeMethyl orange(p-dimethylamino-azobenzenesulfonic acid)
|- 
| rowspan=2|Cyanates
| Cyanate || ROCN
| 75px|Cyanate
| cyanato-
| alkyl cyanate
|150px|Methyl cyanateMethyl cyanate
|-
| Isocyanate || RNCO
| 75px|Isocyanate
| isocyanato-
| alkyl isocyanate
| 100px|Methyl isocyanateMethyl isocyanate
|-
| Nitrate || Nitrate
| RONO2
| 75px|Nitrate
| nitrooxy-, nitroxy- || 
alkyl nitrate
| 150px|Amyl nitrateAmyl nitrate(1-nitrooxypentane)|-
| rowspan=2|Nitrile 
| Nitrile
| RCN
| 75px|Nitrile
| cyano-
| alkanenitrilealkyl cyanide
| 75px|BenzonitrileBenzonitrile(Phenyl cyanide)|-
| Isonitrile || RNC
| 75px|Isocyanide
| isocyano-
| alkaneisonitrilealkyl isocyanide
| 90px|Methyl isocyanideMethyl isocyanide
|-
| Nitrite || Nitrosooxy
| RONO
| 75px|Nitrite
| nitrosooxy- ||
alkyl nitrite
| 150px|Amyl nitriteIsoamyl nitrite(3-methyl-1-nitrosooxybutane)'' Nitro compound Nitro RNO2 75px|Nitro nitro-    75px|NitromethaneNitromethane Nitroso compound Nitroso  RNO 75px|Nitroso nitroso- (Nitrosyl-)    75px|NitrosobenzeneNitrosobenzene Pyridine derivative Pyridyl RC5H4N 
75px|4-pyridyl group
75px|3-pyridyl group
75px|2-pyridyl group 
4-pyridyl(pyridin-4-yl)

3-pyridyl(pyridin-3-yl)

2-pyridyl(pyridin-2-yl) -pyridine 75px|NicotineNicotine

 गंधक वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह 
 रासायनिक वर्ग समूह सूत्र संरचनात्मक सूत्र उपसर्ग (Prefix) प्रत्यय (Suffix) उदाहरण Thiol Sulfhydryl RSH 75px|Sulfhydryl sulfanyl-(-SH) -thiol 75px|EthanethiolEthanethiol Sulfide(Thioether) Sulfide RSR' 75px|Sulfide group substituent sulfanyl-(-SR') di(substituent) sulfide130px|Dimethyl sulfide(Methylsulfanyl)methane (prefix) orDimethyl sulfide (suffix) Disulfide  Disulfide RSSR' 75px|Disulfide  substituent disulfanyl-(-SSR') di(substituent) disulfide130px|Dimethyl disulfide(Methyldisulfanyl)methane (prefix) orDimethyl disulfide (suffix) Sulfoxide Sulfinyl RSOR' 75px|Sulfinyl group -sulfinyl-(-SOR') di(substituent) sulfoxide 130px|DMSO(Methanesulfinyl)methane (prefix) orDimethyl sulfoxide (suffix) Sulfone Sulfonyl RSO2R' 75px|Sulfonyl group -sulfonyl-(-SO2R') di(substituent) sulfone 75px|Dimethyl sulfone(Methanesulfonyl)methane (prefix) orDimethyl sulfone (suffix) Sulfinic acid  Sulfino RSO2H 75px sulfino-(-SO2H) -sulfinic acid 75px|Hypotaurine2-Aminoethanesulfinic acid Sulfonic acid  Sulfo RSO3H 75px|Sulfonyl group sulfo-(-SO3H) -sulfonic acid 75px|Benzenesulfonic acidBenzenesulfonic acidThiocyanate  Thiocyanate  RSCN 75px|Thiocyanate thiocyanato-(-SCN) substituent thiocyanate 100px|Phenyl thiocyanatePhenyl thiocyanate Isothiocyanate  RNCS 75px|Isothiocyanate isothiocyanato-(-NCS) substituent isothiocyanate 100px|Allyl isothiocyanateAllyl isothiocyanate Thione Carbonothioyl RCSR' 60px|Thione -thioyl-(-CSR')orsulfanylidene-(=S) -thione 75px|DiphenylmethanethioneDiphenylmethanethione(Thiobenzophenone) Thial Carbonothioyl RCSH 60px|Thial methanethioyl-(-CSH)orsulfanylidene-(=S) -thial 

 फॉस्फोरस वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह 
 रासायनिक वर्ग समूह सूत्र संरचनात्मक सूत्र उपसर्ग (Prefix) प्रत्यय (Suffix) उदाहरण Phosphine(Phosphane)  Phosphino R3P 75px|A tertiary phosphine phosphanyl-  -phosphane 75px|MethylpropylphosphaneMethylpropylphosphane Phosphonic acid  Phosphono RP(=O)(OH)2 75px|Phosphono group phosphono- substituent phosphonic acid 75px|Benzylphosphonic acidBenzylphosphonic acid Phosphate  Phosphate ROP(=O)(OH)2 75px|Phosphate group phosphonooxy-orO-phosphono- (phospho-) substituent phosphate 75px|Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphateGlyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (suffix) 75px|PhosphocholineO-Phosphonocholine (prefix)(Phosphocholine)PhosphodiesterPhosphateHOPO(OR)275px|Phosphodiester[(alkoxy)hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-orO-[(alkoxy)hydroxyphosphoryl]-di(substituent) hydrogen phosphateorphosphoric acid di(substituent) ester DNA O‑[(2‑Guanidinoethoxy)hydroxyphosphoryl]‑‑serine (prefix)(Lombricine)

 बोरॉन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह 

 रासायनिक वर्ग समूह सूत्र संरचनात्मक सूत्र उपसर्ग (Prefix) प्रत्यय (Suffix) उदाहरण Boronic acid  Borono  RB(OH)2  70px  Borono-  substituentboronic acid  70px|Phenylboronic acidPhenylboronic acid Boronic ester  Boronate  RB(OR)2  70px  O-[bis(alkoxy)alkylboronyl]-  substituentboronic aciddi(substituent) ester   Borinic acid  Borino  R2BOH  70px  Hydroxyborino-  di(substituent)borinic acid   Borinic ester  Borinate  R2BOR  70px  O-[alkoxydialkylboronyl]-  di(substituent)borinic acidsubstituent ester  140px|2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borateDiphenylborinic acid 2-aminoethyl ester(2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate)