Vera Figner

Vera Nikolayevna Figner ( rossiavon Ве́ра Никола́евна Фи́гнер ) tiyir rossiaf gaderopaf artowasik. Koe Tetyuci widama ke Kazan bowexo ke savsafo rossiafo gindaxo ba 07/07/1852 kobliyir. Ba 15/06/1942 koe Moskva nope guazuca awalkeyer.

Wetce andik ke Narodnaya Volya ( Kuranira ke Sane ) birgotaf seltom wastes va eaftuca ta artowasa vetrovgara va bowere, Figner va azedera va tcedetena adjubera  va Aleksandr II bak 1881 pakeyer. Di zo sopeyer aze remi tol-sanoy aksat koe flint zo sostayar. Teni jiz zo xonukalanzayar. Restali zo nuneyer nume Figner ko Schlüsselburg ralma tol-sandon zo kobudeyer aze idjon ic patecta zo divbliyir.

Figner va walvedeyafa kotgrupuca tuke pakon namio remsuteyeno gu konaka ava urlickeyer. Radimi Artowara ke Toleaksat ke 1917, gu gradilaf brijik va artowasa wetara zo torigiyir. Azon vanpiyir zolonafa vola ke Seltom dem savsaf flintik isu gaderopaf divblinik koe TSSS.

Vera Figner vas Gijafa Stalinevafa Eaftuca ke 1937 lajurembliyir aze gu guazuca bak 1942 koe Moskva mulufteyer.

 Blirizva 
 Toza 
Vera Figner ba 07/07/1852 ( 25/06/1852 RJJ ) koblir, koe oluafa yasa ke pakon germanafa xanta. Tir taneanazbeik ke teva. Gadikye va pilkotap is levetirik digiyir aze wetce malyerotaf flibik kozaniyir.

Mali santanda kali sanperda koe Rodyonov kizey mu oluafa sardikya koe Kazan widava vayar. Tir donaf ravesik nume bak 1869 gu poradro zo gabler.

Vera Figner va selaropa djuvayayar voxen batcoba mu ayikya koe Rossia me zo rictayar. Batdume gorayar da koe Zürich koe Swiza diveon fu vayayar. Gadikye pour. Numen tunuyatason, Vera va kurera va Aleksey Filippov trobindar aze va uma erba megar ise va bueleks doler aze tere ko Zürich lajulapir.

Mali 1872 kali 1875 koe Zürich va selaropa kle vayar. Bak 1873 va Fritsche rijay denfir. Bat rijay vas konaka mulafa rossiikya ixam ruldayar isen abica di vanpiyid zolonik ke rossiaf seltevaf artowas lizor.

 Artowas andik 
Lo bewik ke Fritsche rijay va dimpira ko Rossia ta seltevafa galbedura vanmia rossiaf tawadayikeem gorad. Ina va vayarugal co tenuker neke ko vo a dob dere tere dimpir. Bam va Nikolay Filippov solkurer ise va Zemlya i Volya ( Tawava is Nuyuca ) grustaks vilter.

Bak 1876 va exaksara koe Kazan az Sankt Peterburg paker. Wali 1877 is 1876 wetce pomas selasik koe wida aname Samara is Saratov galbedur.

Bak imwugal ke 1879 Zemlya i Volya grustaks icde uum va eafteva va int solzarter : bat berk ke pako va artowasa galbedura koe wida waster edje ban va redura va artowasa tira kan adjubera va zolonik ke bowere ik gindafi gazaroti jugemer. Aba koe Voronej me lajumaer. Pako gu toloya solwifa grelta va int solper : gu bata meaftevafa grelta yoltkirafa gu Tcerni Peredel is gadena gan Plexanov is dem Akselrod is Vera Zasulitc, is bana grelta mu eafteva yoltkirafa gu Narodnaya Volya.

Vera tir ke bana eaftevafa grelta ise vanpir bewik ke skusa neda. Klibura va Aleksandr II gindik vanpir mukot. Ina va inkera va kobasikaf rijay koe Sant Peterburg is Moskva is Odesa is Kyiv is Xarkiv kobaver. Va birgotafe rubiaxe ta warzera va dask dere inker ise va virda zobesa va artowas talpey sanegar.

Wetce bewik ke skusa neda, Figner va redura va sayakindafa gama ke Narodnaya Volya pakeyer ise va tegira dobenplekuyur. Va azedera va adjubera va gindik dere pakeyer, tulon bal rodjeyesa yovara bak 1880 koe Odesa, az maetesa bilmara bak bareaksat ke 1881 koe Sankt Peterburg.

Birgaf sokardial va bewik ke eaftevaf grustaks adjubeyes va gindik lasulaiter. Bak imwugal ke 1882, Vera Figner zavzar antaf megralomeyen bewik ke skusa neda ke Narodnaya Volya nume tire di vanpir okilik ke grustaks. Va birgotafe de ladimtazukar ise va galbedusa tegira tove kotlaf vayasikeem ginur.

Taneon tigis koe Ufa, azon va int ko Xarkiv koinker. Voxe gan Sergey Degayev jontolaf toidesik kadimion zo relmer nume gan ardial ba 10/03/1883 koe Xarkiv zo soper.

 Gaderopaf daginik 

Radimi sopera, Vera Figner va tol-sanoy aksat abdi jiz koe Petropavlovskaya ralmaflint sostanon di tiskir. Bak 1884 bal Jiz va 14 ke Sankt Peterburg gu xonuka zo lanzar. Restali gu xaltafa dagira koe Sibiria zo nuner, voxe tere gu Schlüsselburg ralma tol-sandon zo koflintar.

Bak 1904 Vera Figner ko Arxangelsk bowexo azu Kazan az ironokon Nijni-Novgorod zo divblir. Bak 1906 ko divexo ronolapir lize va tawuk mu gaderopaf daginikeem ke Rossia kadimion grustar. Batenide va erba dotar aze va suteks uumon gu rossiaf flint malrossiavatan kal konaka ava sanegar. Bak 1907 va Seltevafo Artowaso Pako yoter voxe bak 1909 kadimi bilita ke Azev jovler. Ko Rossia bak 1915 dimlapir.

 Kaiki artowara 
Radimi Artowara ke Saneaksat, Figner va Запечатлённый труд ( Namio ke artowasik ) sanegar. Bata neva al askir da in tir kotgrupaf koe varafa tamava isen ina kal jontika ava di zo malrossiavar.

Figner va konaka blirizva ke nuyevaf artowasik is yon teliz icde izva ke rossiaf artowas lizor ke tol-sanda mali 1870-e dere al suter.

 Awalkera 
Vera Figner lerd-sandaf ba 15/06/1942 koe Moskva awalker. To tan riapaf rossiaf nuyevaf artowasik diliodon awalkeyes vols xonukesiyin gan gindafi roti ok klibuyun gan Bolcevik bolk.

 Berikeem 
 Vera Figner ( 1852-1942 ) : artowasik
 Lidya Figner ( 1853-1920 ) : artowasik
 Pyotr Figner ( 1855-1916 )
 Nikolay Figner ( 1857-1918 ) : kaleynaf dankasik
 Yevgenya Figner ( 1858-1931 ) : artowasik
 Olga Figner ( 1862-1919 ) : artowasik

 Dere rupec 

 Vuestexeem 
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 (ru) Jiz va 14, 1883
 (en) Vera Broido, Apostles into Terrorists: Women and the Revolutionary Movement in the Russia of Alexander II. New York: Viking Press, 1977.
 (fr) Christine Fauré is Hélène Châtelain, Quatre femmes terroristes contre le tsar, Vera Zassoulitch, Olga Loubatovitch, Élisabeth Kovalskaïa, Vera Figner, coll. Actes et mémoires du peuple, éd. Maspero, Paris, 1978, ISBN 2-7071-1042-6
 (en) Vera Figner, Memoirs of a Revolutionist, Northern Illinois University Press, 1991, 314 p., ISBN 0-87580-552-3
 (en) Anna Geifman, Thou Shalt Kill: Revolutionary Terrorism in Russia, 1894-1917, Princeton University Press, 1993.
 (en) Wada Haruki, Vera Figner in the Early Post-Revolutionary Period, Annals of the Institute of Social Science, vol. 25 (1983-84), pp. 43-73.
 (en) Hilde Hoogenboom, Vera Figner and Revolutionary Autobiographies: The Influence of Gender on Genre, in Rosalind Marsh (ed.), Women in Russia and Ukraine. Cambridge University Press, 1996; pp. 78-93.
 (en) Dinah Jansen, Life Lessons: Vera Figner and the Russian Revolutionary Movement, 1861-1881, Minerva Journal of Women and War, Vol. 3, n°1, 2009.
 (en) Franco Venturi, Roots of Revolution: A History of the Populist and Socialist Movements in Nineteenth-Century Russia. Francis Haskell, New York, 1960.
 (ru) Andrey Vladimirovitc Voronixin, В.Н. Фигнер в русском освободительном движении 1873-1884 гг., Saratov Kotla, 1992.
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Figner (Vera)
Figner (Vera)
Figner (Vera)
Figner (Vera)