Andurọid

Andrọid ìre òkpulu-ikwaan̄ eyi okpọk-etip ubọk [mobile operating system] eyi Gugulu enamabe. Enama ọmọ inyi okwukwut echi ekitoto ubọk me isi [touchscreen devices] kire okpọk-etip òriọọn̄-inu mè okpọk-etip uwele lek [tablets]. Okwukwut andrọid ìre okwukwut geelek òkisa òkpulu-ikwaan̄ ekigwen Andrọid irọ esese chieen̄ ikwaan̄ iborọ. Òkpulu-ikwaan̄ okijeen̄ okwukwut ike iborọ inu mè iyaka ikikpulu si ubọk ibosa irọ inu cha.

Gugulu mînama si òkpulu-ikwaan̄ eyi akpatan̄ ogugo andrọid (òrere Andrọid TV), eyi ujijọn̄ (òrere Andrọid Auto) mè eyi okwukwut echi ebekọt itap me lek ene (egwenbe Wear OS). Otutuuk kiban̄ mîkaan̄ okwut-isi [interface] òkekem mèlek ikwaan̄ kiban̄ ge ge. Andrọid echi enwenebe m̀bọp [programming] kiban̄ sonja òwa me emen okwukwut ifit-nsa [gaming consoles], òmọnọ-ogugo eyi ikike-mè-ge [digital camera], ọkpọkpọ akpatan̄ nden̄ [PC] mè ofifi okwukwut echi elekitirọn [electronics].


Usem m̀bọp [programming language] esabe ibọp andrọid ìre Java, C (sìi), C++ (sìi pulọs pulọs) mè ebi kè ofifi usem. Esa Java ibọp okwut-isi kan̄, mè isa C iteme ike ibokirọ inu. Iman̄ m̀bọp [source code] andrọid ìkup me eferife (ìchichili ibook); ene geelek môkọt ibọkọ itap me akpatan̄ nden̄ kan̄ isa inama ekwu.

Adasi mgbọ esan̄abe Andrọid isibi ìre me akọp usen iba mè ita (23) me emen onyan̄ Sepitemba me acha 2008. Ebi ìkakaan̄ ekwu mè ìre òkpulu-ikwaan̄ andrọid me okwukwut kiban̄ isibebọkọ ayaya ekwu eyi mgburudun̄ [i.e. update software], ekinan̄a isi me olik-etip [go online].

Ebi Gugulu ebọkọ andrọid ilep me ubọk "Android Inc." me acha 2005, mè inichili ijeen̄ [unveil] me acha 2007, mè isan̄a adasi okwukwut andrọid isibi me emen onyaan̄ Sepitemba me acha 2008. 

Me emen okwukwut geelek Òkpulu-ikwaan̄ Andrọid okupbe me emen, ìboje mèlek ekwu echi andrọid. Ekitatap echa ibia me emen okwukwut andrọid geelek. Ekwu cha ìre: "Gmail" (òkidia etip me imeen), "Google Play" (akpatan̄ òkibeme ekwu echi andrọid), "Google Chrome" (òwọlọ-olik ekisa iweek inu me olik-etip), mè "Google Search" (ekwu ekisa iweek inu me olik-etip).

Andrọid ore òkpulu-ikwaan̄ òjeje ewe ichit me otutuuk linyọn̄ me okpọk-etip òriọọn̄-inu akarake acha 2011; mè okpọk uwele-lek akarake 2013. Me emen onyan̄ Mêe me acha 2017, otu-ifuk ebi ene ìkisa andrọid irọ inu me onyan̄ me onyan̄ mîraka ego ene iba [2 billion], òsisibi ibe ke ọmọ ore òkpulu-ikwaan̄ eyi ebi ene ìbọbọkọ itap me okwukwut kiban̄ ewabe ichit. Me Disemba 2018, "Google Play" (akpatan̄ òkibeme ekwu echi andurọid) ìbeme ekwu òwawa iraka efie iba mè okpọkọ gweregwen [over 2.6 efie].


"Android Inc.", uwu mbubek òdadasi ibene Andrọid, ìchili me Palo Alto me Kalifọnia me emen onyan̄ Ọkitoba me acha 2003. Ebi ìchichili mbubek ya ìre "Andy Rubin, Rick Miner, Nick Sears mè Chris White." Rubin ìtumu ibe ke Andrọid ìre "ikpele inu òbokọt itap ubọk inyi ibọbọp okwukwut ubọk echi ìrọriọọn̄ inu igak, mè ikifuk ibot isi me lek ere ogwukaan̄ okupbe mè inu îkiweek" [tremendous potential in developing smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location and preferences"]. Adasi otitọt ebi uwu mbubek ya ìre ibọbọp usọ òkpulu-ikwaan̄ eyi òmọnọ-ògugo ikike-me-ge [advanced OS for digital cameras]. Eya ore ibot ikọ ema etumube inyi ebi ìbetap ikpoko me lek mbubek kiban̄ me acha 2004. Ire, mije ebi ìkisa òmọnọ-ogugo irọ ikwaan̄ kpewa iso otitọt ile kiban̄ yi, ebi uwu mbubek ya enenitumu ifieek ibe ke ema mêninwene ikana inin̄ me isasa òkpulu-ikwaan̄ andrọid ikibọp okpọk-etip òbotitim me lek echi "Symbian" mè "Windows."

Îkayọt Rubin imumun̄ ebi ìbetap ikpoko me lek mbubek ya me adasi mgbọ, inenisik sọntiik ebikaan̄ ere irerieen̄ ebi "Android Inc" isasan̄a me ere ema  ekisa irọ mbubek. "Steve Perlman," ata unene kè Rubin onenisa akọp obop dọla ($10 000) me emen ikpa òbọp-etip [envelope] ijet ọmọ mè iniria ofifi ikpoko kpebak otu-ifuk me olik ijet kire ikpoko ibene-ewe [seed funding]. Perlman îjit igọgọọk ire ge me lek ebikaan̄ mbubek ya, mè itumu ibe "emi ǹrọ inu ya mije nkaan̄be ichechieek me lek mbubek ya, ǹyaka iweek si itatap ubọk inyi Andy."

Me acha 2005, ebi Gugulu mînibọkọ uwu-mbubek "Android Inc." ilep me otu-ifuk ikpoko ikasipge ìraka akọp efie dọla go ($50 efie). Rubin, Miner mè White ebi ikwaan̄ uwu-mbubek ya mînikana ebi ikwaan̄ Gugulu igọọk me lek mgbaan̄-nchieek ema erọbe mgbọ enyambe mbubek ya. Me emen mgbọ ya, ebi ene kperiọọn̄ owuwa inu ofolek Andrọid mije kpetumu owuwa ikọ ofolek igak ibebe ke ema mêkibọp ekwu eyi okpọk-etip ubọk. Rubin onenisak ebi ikwaan̄ oniin̄ inyi ebọp òkpulu-ikwaan̄ eyi okpọk-etip ubọk eyi òrere Adrọid. Gugulu onenikinyam ekwu ya ikinyi ebi ìkibọp okpọk-etip ubọk mè ebi <Mobile Network Operators> mè ichieek ema use ibe ke môkup mfufet ebibi inwenwene ekwu òkukup me emen okpọk-etip ebibi ebọpbe mè ikana itap ayaya ekwu mgbọ geelek Gugulu osan̄abe ayaya ekwu isibi.

Adasi okpọk-etip òsasa Andrọid irọ ikwaan̄ ìre eyi ekigwen "HTC Dream". Îkaan̄ uwot-nge ekichachak ubọk me lek; kpòkokaan̄ isi ekichak ubọk. Ire, me mgbọ Apulu esan̄abe okpọk-etip òriọọn̄-inu kiban̄ egwenbe "iPhone", ebi Andrọid egwugwu ikom ifo agwut-ntọt kiban̄. Gugulu oneninwene ikpa <specification> kiban̄ ibe ke Andrọid môbeme si okpọk-etip echi ekichak ubọk me isi, ire, ke eya ìkaborọ inyi ema esan̄a ichip ekikeme esan̄a me lek. Me acha 2008, ebi "Nokia" mè "Blackberry" enyinyi ulook ibe ke ema mîsan̄a okpọk-etip òriọọn̄-inu òkaan̄ isi ekichak ubọk; ke ìbonitim me lek "iPhone 3G" ya eyi ebi Apulu esan̄abe isibi. Mgbọ ya ke Gugulu enirọ inyi òkpulu-ikwaan̄ Andrọid inigwuun̄ chieen̄ me lek isi ekichak ubọk gaalek. Adasi okpọk-etip òkisa ekwu andrọid ikpulu ikwaan̄ kan̄ ìre "HTC Dream" eriọọn̄be si kire "T-Mobile G1." Enyi ulook kan̄ me akọp usen iba (20) me emen Onyan̄ Sepitemba me acha 2008.


Akarake acha 2008, òkpulu-ikwaan̄ Andrọid ìkpọkpọ ikinwene; mîkpọ ikitap ayaya inu isọkọ me lek mè ikinen̄e inu isun̄ inyi ikpọk inwọn igak eyi adasi mgbọ. Ayaya ekwu andrọid geelek òsisibi, ekigwen ema erieen̄ ibak utop utop inorie echi ekisa ikwala inorie igwook me owot [deserts]. Ekinyi ema erieen̄ cha si igọọk me abichi usem Uket-chieen̄. Erieen̄ cha ìre: "Alpha, Beta, Cupcake, Donut, Eclair, Froyo, Gingerbread, Honeycomb, Icecream Sandwich, Jelly Bean, Kitkat, Lollipop, Mashmallow, Noughat, Oreo, Pie." Ebi Andrọid etumu ibe ke ema ekinyi erieen̄ cha ikeya mije ke ekwu mè okpọk-etip cha ema ekisan̄a isibi ìkirọ inyi ugwem ebi ene ikaan̄ utop. Ire, me òso akọp usen iba mè iba (22) me emen onyan̄ Ọgọs me acha 2019, mînyi ulook ibe ke ayaya andrọid esan̄abe isibi òrere "Andrọid Q" ke ebegwen "Andrọid 10"; eyi òsibi ibe ke kpebeyaka ikigwen ema ibak inorie cha.

Okwut-isi Andurọid
[Android Interface]

Ebọp okwut-isi andrọid inyi ikọt irọ inu ogwukaan̄ oweekbe me mgbọ ọmọ ochakbe ubọk me isi okwukwut ya. Mêkọt itaba ubọk [swipe] me isi ya ifo ulom, ujit, inyọn̄ mè ìre ijọn̄; mêkọt ichak otubọk [tap]; mêkọt iyibi [pinch] mè iyaka inwe [reverse-pinch/zoom] isi ya inyi irọ esese esese inu. Okwut-isi andrọid îkaan̄ si uwot-nge, eyi kpekimọnọ isibi, me emen. Ire ene ibosa uwot-nge eyi ekimọnọ, mè ìre ìbosa okwukut ifit-nsa irọ inu me lek okwukwut andrọid, môdasi isa USB [YUUESBI] mè ìre Bulutut [Bluetooth] itobo ema mè osa òrọ inu iborọ. Okwukwut andrọid ìkinyi ufọọk-otu kan̄ mgbọ yaage echakbe ubọk me isi. Ebi kè ofifi nriro mîkup me emen okwukwut andrọid: òtọ-ije [accelerometer], òtọ-ikeke [gyroscope], òweek-ere [GPS / location finder] mè ògban̄-ere eyi m̀gbet [proximity sensor]. Andrọid ìkisa nriro chi inyi ufọọk-otu eyi okwukwut gaalek ikpokọt inyi, kire iyayaka isi okwukwut isin̄ ikeke ikeke sà ìre imaan̄ imaan̄ igọọk me ike ogwukaan̄ okanabe isun̄. Me ifit ikọp-ujijọn̄ [racing game], òtọ-ikeke òkup me emen môrọ inyi ogwukaan̄ ikikọp uji me gaalek ikekiyaka òkwukwut ikana kubọk ikiyaka ekpirikpo ikọp-uji [steering wheel]. Inan̄a me lek òweek-ere òkup me emen andrọid, ene môkọt isa okwukwut andrọid kan̄ iweek ere mè oniin̄ imun̄ me mgbọ îkisi ije.

Adasi mgbọ, ekwu-mbọp [IDE]  ekisa ibọp ekwu echi andrọid ìre "Eclipse." Ire, akarake Disemba 2014, ìnire eyi ebi Gugulu esan̄abe isibi eyi ekigwen Andrọid Studio. Ebi ìrere ayaya ife me ibọp-ekwu mêkọt isa "Google App Inventor" isa ibọp ekwu andrọid.

Ọgbọn̄:Òkpulu-ikwaan̄