Kuwait

Kuwait (科威特) 
Kuwait kitakit (Arab sowal: دولة الكويت‎), nikasasowalan Kuwait (Arab sowal: الكويت‎), itira i kaetip Asia Arab litosaan pala i kawali ka’amis, Persian ’efong sakaetip ka’amis a Sawara'an Kitakit, o katimol marariting to Saudi Arabia, ka’amis mifiyaw to Iraq, masasikecor to Iran, o nano nicingcingan no Inkiris i ’ayaw, i 1961 miheca 6 folad 19 romi’ad misiiked, i 1990 miheca 5angasa 1991 miheca nano pacena’an nicalapan no Iraq. No Kuwait a simal ato kadofahay ko tatapaan a kinaira, masapinang to o mana’angay a simal o saka 6 i polong no cikiw, orasaka msapasadakay a simal o malocoker no kicay no finawlan.

O tadamaci no kitakit o Kuwait malecad ngangan no kitakit.
縮圖|Kaitiraan no Kuwait

 Likisi (歷史) 

 ’Ayaway kairaan no tamdaw ho (史前時代) 
I Obaid itiya (’ayaway ni Yis 6500 miheca tangasa ’ayaway ni Yis 3800 miheca), misa’atomoay a demak ato pisafodawanan a demak mapatayra i Kuwait.

 Arabia ato pakalonanay ho (阿拉伯與大航海時代) 
7 sici itiya, mala no Arabia kitakit ko Kuwait.

I 1521 miheca, Kuwait o Portugal tamdaw ko miemetay. I 1581 mihecaan miteka, o Hontian Rikec ni Khalid laloma’an ko mikowanay to Kuwait. Oya ho, i 16 sici an, Portugal tamdaw patireng to pi’adingan a ’adipel.

I 1613 miheca, i aniniay Kuwait itatihi patireng to Kuwait a niyaro’.

 Pangangan to niyaro’ (城市命名) 
I 1705 miheca, Hontian Rikec ni Khalid hongti laloma’an miserer to, o salongan a sera no Kuwait macalap no “Utbah ngasaw (Bani; o pasowal Guraine) ko mikowanay. Bani Utbah a ngasaw a Sadir Utbah itini patireng to niyaro’ ato minato, pangangan sa Kuwait hananay (mimingay niyaro’, nai kut a tayni, o sowal to nian i o polol ’adipel, nano Persia a tilid to Kud, o todong no sowal maci sanay.
縮圖|Adawang no Nipa'adingan-Kuwait, 

 Tapang no niyaro’ patireng to kitakit (酋長建國) 

I 1756 miheca, Sabah laloma’an tapang no niyaro’ ci Sheikh Sabah Abu Abdullah mapalowad mala sa’ayaway tapang no niyaro’(Amir) no Kuwait, mapatireng ko tapang no niyaro’ no Kuwait kitakit (Heikhdom of Kuwait).

 Picalap no Persia (波斯入侵) 
I 1776 miheca, Persia Sander hongti micalap to Basra, ikor a salongan Persia pa’acaay tamdaw micomod i Kuwait, ikor o Inkiris a kawali-Into kosi nai Basra a citodongay malalinah tayni i Kuwait, itiya sakacomahad to ko Kuwait. Nikawrira o sakaira no misiikeday salongaoc, o Kuwait ato Ottoman Turkey pararidsa a masasinga’ayay, saan mihayda to Turkey to niyah a salongoc. I 1822 miheca Inkiris a congto nai Basra malinah tayra i Kuwait.

 Mikapot to Ottoman (加入奧斯曼) 
I 1871 miheca, Kuwait tapang no niyaro’ kitakit mala no Ottoman hongtian kitakit a kanatal, o sera mapasatoris i Basra sa’etal (aniniay Iraq a cecay sa’etal), patireng to “Kaza”, nikawrira no Kuwait tapang no niyaro’ kitakit ira ko misiikeday salongoc.

I 1896 miheca, Sabah laloma’an tapang no niyaro’ ci Mubarak misateked patireng malahongti, nikawrira paseka’ to Turkey mikihar to sakowan no Kuwait, saka mingitangit to sadipot no Inkiris.

I 1897 miheca 7 folad, ci Mubarak mitahidang to patireng no Inkiris to citimeraay tamina i lilis a riyar no Kuwait. Itiya mala “sa’ayaw calemcem no Kuwait”, itiya Turkey tamdaw milongoc to Inkiris mipaterep mikihar to nangra hongti kitakit. Ikor, Ottoman hongtian kitakit miheyda aca, sakaeca ka lalood.
縮圖|256x256像素|i Posi-kihaw kalaloodan o sinsiya no Kuwait

 Pidipot no Inkiris a siikeday sakowan (受英國保護的自治) 

I 1899 miheca, nawhani ci Mubarak ato Turkey tamdaw a kasasifodan, o cecay kakeridan no Inkiris mipakalat to Inkiris Kuwait mitilid to “Inkiris Kuwait milinikay tatelek”, I katatelek i, ci Mubarak hai, dengan o Inkiris caay pipaisal pacaliw to roma kitakit ano eca roma tapang; caay pihai ko Inkiris, caay ka nga’ay to roma kitakit taypiaw itiniay kitakit nira. Mihayda aca o Kuwait salaloma’an no Inkiris a misiikeday kitakit, madipot caay ka calap, o papasadak to nano npadangan a payso.

I 1913 miheca, Inkiris ato Turkey masasitelek to “ ’Efong no riyar kasasitelek”, onini a telek: “o Kuwait itiniay i laloma’an no Ottoman sifo solongoc a sakowan, nikawrira sifo caay ka omaanan ko sapikihar to dademaken, caay piocor to sofitay a tayra”; Ottoman hongti kitakit mihayda to nidamaan no Inkiris ko noniyah pikowan no Kuwait. ’Ayaw saka 1 kalalood no hekal, i 1913 miheca 7 folad 29 romi’ad, o nano Ottoman Turkey hongti kitakit a Barras a cecay ko niyah sakowan a Kuwait.

 Siiked (獨立) 
O Kuwait i 1961 miheca 6 folad 19 romi’ad misiiked. O Iraq mihayda to nai “1913 mihecaan a “’Efong no riyar kasasitelek” a Iraq ato Kuwait a salawacan[4], nikawrira nai 1961 miheca o nano pisiiked no Kuwait i, o Iraq a sifo mikilimay misamawmaw to sapicalap to Kuwait, samasa payakyak to ratoh ko Iraq sapicalapaw to Kuwait, o Arab nipatatekoan misahalaka patireng to cecay kasakitakit no Arab sofitay miliyang to sakamatiraaw a demak no Iraq to Kuwait, caay ka eca ira ko picalap a demak[5][6]. Tona miteka ko Iran ato Iraq malalood, ikor tosaay kitakit masasiterep to 10 miheca, o Kuwait micoker to Iraq mipacoli to Iran.
縮圖|Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah

 Micalap ko Iraq (伊拉克入侵) 
I 1990 miheca 8 folad 2 romi’ad, Kuwait mipatado sa a mikerod to ’aca no simal matestes no Iraq, itiyaay a congtong no Iraq ci Saddam Hussein pasipapotal mihapiw “Kuwait o cecay no Iraq a kanatal”, miocor to sofitay micalap, nanoya caay kaci’icel ko sofitay no Kuwait ranikay mateneng. Malokasasowalen a mikaketer no sakarihaday licikay no Linhoko, itiya misahalaka to saki Iraq midemak to pipacofcof saliyang to kicay, nanoya o Iraq i kasakitakit a mapakacecay.

I 1991 miheca 1 folad 17 romi’ad, nai Inkiris Amilika tosa kitakit a sawara’an lekatep sofitay milipalaw to “no misatafokay faliyos a demakan” itiya, miteka to saki Iraq ato nano nicalapan a Kuwait miparekpek milefek. O piparekpek milefek oya miheca 2 folad 28 romi’ad paherek, o sofitay no Iraq to nikeridan ni Saddam Hussein miketon itiya misawad to picalap to Kuwait.

Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah
 Kuwait miliyaw patireng to kitakit (科威特復國) 

I 1991 miheca 2 folad 26 romi’ad, o Kuwait miliyaw patireng to kitakit. 3 folad 6 romi’ad, o Kuwait ni Emir Jaber a sifo malatapangay patiko minokay tayni i Kuwait a sera[7].

I 2006 miheca 1 folad 15 romi’ad, mapatay ci Emir Jaber Ahmed Sabah laloma’an tapang no niyaro’, 77 ko ’orip i hekal. Itiya o sasafaen to ci Saad Abdullah Salim Sabah ko midotocay. I falad 21 romi’ad, o sawara’an ci aad Abdullah Salim Sabah ko mikeriday to salaloma’an no lomaocan miketon palowad to sakadademak no kimpo a rayray, miroharoh ci Saadan midotoc, saka padoedo ni Sabah malasawara’an. Nikawrira ci Saad misalongoc to kalomaocan i saka tosa romi’ad a lomaoc, sakanga’ay ningra a mapatireng. 1 folad 24 romi’ad ci Saad mapaitoros misawad to sakalahongti. 1 folad 29 romi’ad, kalomaocan no Kuwait awaay ko miliyangay mihayda ci Sabahan sawara’an citodongto Emir. Sawara’an ci Sabah nanoya sa mapatireng to sakaEmir, o Sabah saka sepat.

I 2006 miheca 5 folad 21 romi’ad, nawhani romaroma a lomaocay misalof mifalic to cango’otay no singkiw ato ma’isiday to sawara’an, Emir Sabah mihapiw to sahepol, mipalasawad to kalomaocan, mili’ayaw misingkiw[8]. 6 folad 29 romi’ad, finawlan a kalomaocan misongila’ misingkiw, o fafahiyan no Kuwait nano ’ayaw citodong to sa’ayaway misingkiw ato masikiw a salongoc[9].

 Palapala (地理) 
縮圖|Langdaway-niyaro'
O taliyok no Kuwait o masafokafokay a tafok, ira ko caayay ka dadahal a kangdaway a pala. Ira ho ko rama a seraan o Bubiyan, Faraka 10 a miliyasay a palapalaan.

O sera kaetip ’akawang kawali paeneray. Kaetip katimol 275m ko Dub Dib ’akawangay a dafdaf. Saka’amis ira ko takaraway pala, kaetip ira Leah ’apapoloay. Kawali ka’amisan o nipataringan a dafdaf ato tafokan a dafdaf, palaed han to masasifoday a tapolo.

Talacowa Kuwait mingataay to riyar a sa’etal, nikawrira o cango’otay to nanom ko ’alo ato fanaw. Nika saseraay a nanom kadofah ko kinaira, nika caayay ko kafesa’ay nanom, orasaka o kafesa’ay nanom i Kuwait o satadamaanay kinaira, o nananomen saheto o nai Iraq ato misakafesa’an a nanom no riyar.

Oni a kitakit o marafrafay to fa’edet tafotafokan a romi’ad, ma’icangay ato fa’edetay romi’ad, kaciherangan (5 folad tangasa 11 folad) 6 folad ko halafin, ma^edesay ’akawangay ko hemhem a makedal awa ko ’orar, salongan farawfaw 45°C, sa’akawangay a farawfaw 51ºC; kasienawan (12 folad -roma miheca 2 folad) mamoko’ay, hemhem matatodongay soemet kala’oraday, sapoeneray a hemhem tangasa i -6ºC, kacinanoman to mihecaan i 25 tangasa 177mm salaedan[10].

 Sici (政治) 
縮圖|Kafong no honti

 Kimpo (憲法) 

No Kuwait kitakit a kimpo i 1962 miheca 11 folad 12 romi’ad masongila’ mahapiw, matelek ko masongila’ay solongoc sakowan no Kuwait, masiikeday a kitakit no Arab. Islam ko pidotocan mipatireng to rikec. O Sabah a teloc no laloma’an ko mamidotoc to Emir.

 Lomaocan (議會) 
Kuwait finawlan kalomaocan (Majlis al-Umma) i 1963 miheca 1 folad 23 romi’ad patireng, o cecayay ko kalomaocan faco no kitakit mirikecay a citodangay. Nai 50 a lomaocay masakapot, lomaocay 4 miheca lekad ko polong no kitakit a masingkiw. Nikawrira Kuwait finawlan dengan salongan 10 % ko citodongay misingkiw. Kalomaocan o piketon ato mihayda to rikec, mikantok to pidamak to payso no kitakit, miliclic to sawara’an ato salaloma’an a kakeridan, nikawrira o polong no nihaydaan no lomaocay a rikec ato roma kitakit a kasasitelek a tatoneken ato sapatonek o nipihai no Emir to nisakalifetan ta manga’ay[11]

 Sician a kasarekarekad (政黨) 
O sarikec no Kuwait milalang to no sician a kasarekarekad a kadademak, nika i pisingkiwan ira ko adihayay kalosaopo no sician a kasarekad. ’alomanay a finawlan kalomaocan a lomaocay o noniyah siiked ko pikihatiya to singkiw, nikawrira maala to singkiw i, ’alomanay a lomaocay i finawlan kalomaocan malekapot a mitopa a kasacefang. So’elinay to o kasasician kasarekad (caay ka haydaen no rikec) ira ko finacadan nikapolongan a nipatatekoan, finawlan dademak saselal, Hadas (Kuwait muslim malikakaay), finacadan Islamic nipatatekoan ato mo’ecalay ato rihadayay nipatatekoan a kasacefang.
縮圖|Mohanmoto Honti ()1911)

 Kakomodan (君主) 
Aniniay Emir (sawara’an kitakit): Nawaf Ahmad Jaber Sabah

O midotocay to tapang no niyaro’ a kakomodan ko kitakit no Kuwait, Emir o sakakaay sawara’an no kitakit ato sakakaay no sofitay. Mitelak ko kimpo o Emir ko midamakay to kadademakan no kitakit, mirikecay o Emir ato finawlan kalomaocan mapolong midemak, sakihoying o i hoyingay nao Emir a ngangan ko sapidemak.

 Sifo (政府) 

O citodongay no sifo o satakaraway kakeridan, salaloma’an no sifo o satakaraway kakeridan ato laloma’ay no kasalekad a malakaspot, citodong midemak to halaka no kitakit, pasi Emir kacitodong. O kasaira: 

Satakaraway kakeridan

Saka cecay micokeray to satakaraway kakeridan matateko to laloma’an demak ato sapidipot to kitakit.

Micokeray to satakaraway kakeridan matateko to kacacofelan kakeridan

Micokeray to satakaraway kakeridan matateko to hoying kakeridan

Micokeray to satakaraway kakeridan matateko to sakacomahad a demak ato sakiloma’an a citodongay

Salaloma’an a dademaken o laloma’ay no hongti ko citodongay, orasaka o nano kakomodan Hontian Rikec a kitakit, satakaraway kakeridan a todong tangasa anini o nano hongtian ko citodongay, hongtian a sakowan awaay ko sasowalen.

 Kacacofelan kakeridan (外交) 
Midotoc ko Kuwait to sakarihaday a kacacofelan kakeridan. Misa’icel midama to sakarikec no Arab kitakit ato riyaran kasakomod wiyyinhuy a kasasikomodan, midipot to riyar a kasa’efong a rihaday macekal. Kuwait o no Linhoko, Arab kitakit nipatatekoan, riyar sa’efong kasakomod wiyyinhuy a no kasakitakit ato kasa’etal sakapot a laloma’an, tangasa anini matiya 110 kitakit mapatireng ko nga’ayay kacacofelan kakeridan, i matini ira ko 87 a kitakit i Kuwait patireng to milafinay a citodongay[12].

 Kuwait ato Congko a sasinga’ay (科威特與中華人民共和國關係) 
I 1971 miheca 3 folad 22 romi’ad, Congko ato Kuwait masasicofel, o Kuwait o pasicecayay to Congko ko pidotoc, sa’ayaway mipatirengay to kasasinga’ay to Congko i no Persian sa’efong a kitakit. Tasaay a kakeridan no kitakit makakapi masasicaliw. Mapatireng to kasasinga’ay, ikor tatosaay masasicowat to kasasisomeletan. Kasasicaliw no kalali’aca macakat to mihecaan, kalali’acaan matongal. I 2008 miheca Congko kaki kali’aca 67.84% walwalan ko Amilika payso, masadakay no Congko 17.44 walwalan Amilika payso, micomoday 50.4 walwalan Amilika payso13]. I 2014 miheca 6 folad 2 romi’ad, o Satakaraway kakeridan no Kuwait ci Sabah miliso’ to Congko, masasilicay ci Si-cin-pinan[14].

 Kuwait ato Taywan a sasinga’ay (科威特與中華民國關係) 
Nawhani o Kuwait midotoc to cecayay Congko, orasaka sakina Taywan i 1971 mihecaan awaay to ko kacacofelan to Taywan, nikawrira o kasasicalay no kalali’acaan a sakadamso’, mirayas to sakalacalay, Taywan i Kuwait patireng to Kuwait kitakit Taypi kala’aca a taypiawco[15].

 O kasasikiked a sakowan (行政區劃) 
kasasilsilSa’etal  nganganTada  maci1Jahra  sa’talJahra2Capital  sa’etalKuwait  niyaro’3Ferwanier  sa’etalFerwanier4Hawali  sa’etalHawali5Grand  Mubarak sa’etalGrand  Mubarak6Ahmadi  sa’etalAhmadi  

 Tenokan pala (中立區) 
I kawali katimol no Kuwait milecad to Saudi Arabia sala’edan ira ko cecay salongan 5770 pinfang kongli, o kacisimalan a pala itira. I 1922 miheca 12 folad 2 romi’ad, tatosaay kitakit masasitelek to tenokan pala, tasaay kitakit sakitoni pala patireng to kalecadan salongoc. I 1970 miheca tasaay kitakit masasitelak to la’edan calay, masasiiked to sapikowan, nikawrira onini a pala a kinaira no simal caayho kasasiiked, o iraay no simal lalitosaan maaisal[16].

 Sofitay (軍事) 

Kuwait midemak to mipatadoay a sofitay, aniniay a sofitay raridsa i 2 ’ofad tamdaw. O Emir ko satakaraway a kakeridan no sofitay. Salongan no sofitay a masadakay ira ko 12 walwalan no Amilika payso, micalap to 10.3% sakipayso kadademak a yosang. Ikor no kalaloodan no Persian, nawhani o sakisadama to kitakit a sadamso’ ato mi’aca to adihayay a sapilood, saki no sofitay sadamso’ mihecahecaan matongal ko masadakay[17].

 Kicay (經濟) 

 Simal (石油) 
Kadofah i Kuwait ko masopeday lahod no simal, anini solapen ko materekay simal ira ko 140 walwalan ton, saki lahod a materekay ira ko 1.8 ’ofad walwalan m3 (lifang m). O sacoker to kicay no finawlan ko simal, tataparan lahod kikayan, o iraay macalap ko laloma’an no kitakit a kinaira to 45%, masadakay lali’aca 92%, macalap ko sakaira no sifo to kakaay no 95%[18].

 Liomahan (農業) 
Manga’ayay maliomahen a sera no Kuwait salongan 14182 kofo, o awaayay ko sera salongan ira ko 156 kofo. Nikawrira nawhan caay kanga’ay ko romi’ad to sakiliomah, o liomah ato mipakaenay (misakolongay) caay kacomahad, o adihayay a hakakaenen ato sakadademak no finawlan saheto nai romaay kitakit.

Pinapina mihecaan, piifaloco’ ko sifo to sakacomahad no kaloomah, o sakinaira no maomahay i laloma’ no kitakit salongan 0.5% ko kinaira. O saki datengan, roma a nilingadan a kinaira o militadoay to nai papotalay[19].

I ’ayaw no pi’ot’ot to adihayay simal i, o sakaira no kinaira ato sakaira no Kuwait o nipifoting, kadofah ko nipifoting no kitakit, ira ko ta’akay ’afar, pirek ato porot foting. Pakaala to 1 ’ofad ton ko kinaira no mihecaan, iraay salongan 1300 ’ofad Kuwait a dinar.

 Kalali’acaan (金融業) 
I pinapina a mihecaan, micowat ko sifo to sakisimal, sakilahod a kikayan demak i, pacecay micowat to kasasiroma no kicay, misered to pilitado to no simal. Saka micekeroh to kinairaira, marad lalan, dingki calay makakomod, tatenaan a pipatireng, tingwa ato patireng to fa^elohay niyaro’ kahirahira a cacowaten, misa’icel patireng i riyar ’efong no Kuwait to kalali’acaan a ciwsing[20].

 Syakay (社會) 

 Kalolalan (交通) 
O nisahalakaan lalan no Kuwait ato nipatirengan o ’a’ayaway ko lalecad no hekal[21], kasahifalat pasatisil ko hicikayay a kalolalan i kasaniyaro’, masapinang ko nipalalan kacipinang. Nawhani ’akwang ko kinaira no finawlan,  ira ko 2-3 no paliding no pailoma’an, masadak paitemek sa a parakat, orasaka o kapolongan a faso caay ka comahad. I Kuwait awaay ko no maradan a lalan, o faso o no roma kitakit tamdaw a matayalay sakaromakat a minokay ato sakalingad. Ira a manengneng i Kuwait ko takosi, nika caay ka sarikec ko faco, caay ka pisa’osi to nirakatan ko takosi, saheto o mili’ayawan to ’aca no nirakatan, manga’ay mikerod to ’aca no rakat.

Itiraay i Ferwanier sa’etal a kasakitakit hikokiciw no Kuwait tadakararimaan, to romi’ami’ad maala ko semo’otay ko hikoki, masamihecaan ira ko 400 ’ofad a tamdawan, i Arabia o tadamaanay kalokiyolan no hikoki itini[22]. 

O tadamaanay no Kuwait micolo’ a minato ira i Schweicher minato ato Shuaiba minato.

 Isingan (醫療) 

O sa’akawangay ko kinaira no Kuwait kitakit, orasaka salaloma’an fangcal ko isi isingan no kitakit. Isingan a sakadama manga’ay ko patodong, no sifo, no tekedan a isingan citodongay adihay. Polong no kitakit 5 ko isingan a sa’etal, kasacecay ira ko nipatirengan no sifo a ising, padamso to masaromi’aday kacalohan piising sadama. Laloma’an kasa niyaro’ a ising citodongay to saki kitakit a finawlan mapatodong ko tamdaw to sapipasamso to sakiisingan a sadama. O finawlan no Kuwait manga’ay i kasa isingan no sifo caay pa’aca to sapipaising to tireng, romaay kitakit a adadaay manga’ay minengneng to pipaising a pa’aca[23]. 

Nai 2000 miheca 4 folad 1 roma’ad, o Kuwait to saki roma kitakit a tamdaw midemak to nipatangican micomod to sapipaising a hoking halaka. O roma kitakit mipalolol to pipaising a hoking to manga’ay misingsi, minayar to sakamaro’ paising. 

 Tamdaw saki’orip (人文) 

 Tamdaw (人口數) 

I 2022 miheca, o tamdaw no Kuwait ira ko 467 ’ofad, o Kuwait a tamdaw 185 ’ofad, roma kitakit a tamdaw ira ko 282 ’ofad (halo awaayay ko kitakit), roma a tamdaw saheto o no AArabic kitakit ato Into, Pakistan, Bengal, Thailand, Philippines a katimolay Asia ato kawali katimol Asia kitakit a matayalay[24]. O Arabic a sowal no kitakit, nika hahani ’aloman ko roma kitakit a tamdaw, orasaka o Inkiris ko sakasasowal.

Midotoc to no Gallup finawlan a seking tenokan mihapiw nai 2010 miheca tangasa 2012 miheca “ilalinikay pikorac mafolaway a pitomadaw” (Potential Net Migration Index) panengneng, Asia taypinyang a kasaniyaro’ o masolotay milinah i Kuwait o saka 2 [25]. Nawhani o lahod no simal kinaira o sakaira no kinaira, finawlan tamdaw salongan semo’otay a ’ofad, midemak to ’akawangay to sakalemed a telek ko Kuwait, o finawlan caay pipatodong to tekadan a sapasata, miraoy to caayay papaso to kiwiko ato sapipaising, ira ko kataylan, sakidafong, localiw to loma’ ato kararamod a sapadafoh, o finawlan masolot no Islam, caay pihayda ko Kuwait to tasaay ko kitakit, orasaka romaay kitakit a tamdaw micomad to Kuwait kika caay ko rahodayay.

 Pakayraan ponka (宗教文化) 
O Islam ko pakayraan no Kuwait kitakit, fanawlan 95% mitooray to Islam, solongan ira ko 70% sunni, 30% o Shia.

Islam a rikec micomod i syakay kasasiromaan, micamol i ’orip no tamdaw to romi’ami’ad. Polong no kitakit caay ka komaen to titi no fafoy, milalang to piliepah ato ciepahay nanom, ano pa’aca matefoc to pipatay. Talacowa o syakay misasimeday to kanga’ay no fiyaw kitakit Saudi Arabia ko nika dihoway, nikawrira masadak ko fafahiyan caay ka patedo ko kaciriko’[26].

 Mitiya calay (媒體網絡) 

O sinpon no Kuwait macelakay, pakoniraay, o sinpon saheto o tekedan ko citodongay. Polong ko kitakit ira ko 8 laloma’an romi’ad sinpon, no Arab tilid sinpon 5 lalomaan: “kasasowalan sinpon”, “sici sinpon”, “marafrafay sinpon”, “tato’asan kitakit sinpon” ato “ratoh sinpon”; Inkiris sinpon 3 lalomaan: “Kuwait sinpon”, “Arab sinpon” ato “romi’adan fois sinpon”. Ira ko 3 lalomaan no sifo sinpon citodongay: Kuwait parotohay, Kuwait hokok raciw ato Kuwait tilifi[27].

Midotoc to no Kuwait a “marafrafay sinpon” micaliw to nai Amilika kawali ka’amis daykak mihapiwan a ratoh sowal sa, o polong no Kuwait kitakit talacowa dengan 100 ’ofad aca ko cicalayay, nika polong no cikiw midemakay to Twitter o saadihayay a kitakit[28].

 Onto (體育) 

Kamaro’an no Asia Olimpiko a licikay mapatireng i Kuwait maci.

 Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻) 

1.Do not copy this site's content!. economictimes. [2020-09-13]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2020-10-17）.

2.Kuwait. World Economic Outlook Database. International Monetary Fund (IMF). April 2022 [2022-06-04]. （nano  

nina’angan tilid i2022-06-04） （Inkiris）.

3.3.Human Development Report 2019 (PDF). UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME. [2019-12-21]. （nano  

nina’angan tilid (PDF) i 2020-04-16）.

4.Cenliciaw. Iraq-Kuwait a sapacako ato Inkiris. Pakoniraay sinpon. [2020-09-13]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2021-04-10）.

5.Helene von Bismarck, "The Kuwait Crisis of 1961 and its Consequences for Great Britain’s Persian Gulf Policy" British Scholar, vol. II, no. 1 (September 2009) pp. 75-96

6."Independence for Kuwait: UK protection withdrawn" The Guardian, June 20, 1961. [2020-09-13]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2021-04-10）.

7.Liyokiw fa^elohay sofitay/riyar ’efong lalood(2014-6-20misapinang) kalocalay nina’angan a tilid, mana’ang romi’ad 2014-07-15.

8.Kuwait Emir mipatoroday palasawad lomaoc-fa^elohay calay (2014-6-20 misapinang). [2006-05-26]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2013-11-14）.

9.Kuwait fafahiyan sa’ayaway mikihatiya kalomaoc a singkiw (2014-6-20misapinang). [2007-03-19]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2013-11-14）.

10.Congko i Kuwait kitakit a kakeridan/sakatayra i Kuwait kafana’an/ palalanan (2014-6-20 pisapinangan). [2014-06-20]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2021-04-10）.

11.U.S.A takaraway paocoran/kalodemak no hekal/Kuwait/sici/ singkiw (2014-6-20 pisapinang). [2014-06-21]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2014-07-02）.

12.Congko kacacofelan Kuwait kitakit dademakan/saki kacacofelan, 2014-3 misafa^eloh (2014-6-20 pisapinangan). [2014-06-20]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2015-09-24）.

13.Congko kacacofelan Kuwait kitakit dademakan/ tatosaay kitakit a kafana’an (2014-6-20pisapinangan). [2014-06-20]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2016-03-04）.

14.Congko kacacofelan Kuwait kitakit dademakan kicay kalali’aca/ sicinpin militemoh to kakeridan no Kuwait, 2014-06-05 misafa^eloh (2014-6-20 misapinangan). [2014-06-20]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2021-06-06）.

15.maro’ay i Kuwait kitakit Taypi kalali’aca taypiawco calay/Home/About us，2010/4/9 (2014-6-20 pisapinangan) kalocalay mana’ang pina’angan, pina’angan romi’ad i 2016-03-04.

16.Taywan kacacofelan/kitakit ato sa’etal/tenokay Asia sa’etal/Kuwait/kitakit kalocalay sakafana’. [2014-06-20]. （pina’angan romi’ad i 2014-07-07）.

17.Kuwait sofitay a ’ical pilalatan-sakilood calay (2014-6-20 pisapinangan). [2014-06-20]. （pnano nina’angan tilid i 2014-08-03）.

18.Taywan kacacofelan citodongay/Kuwait/ kicay (2014-6-20 pisapinangan). [2014-06-20]. （nano nina’angan tilid i   2017-09-13）.

19.Congko Kuwait kitakit citodangay/Kuwait kitakit kacipinangan/maomah mifotingay (2014-6-20 pisapinangan). [2014-06-20]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2021-04-10）.

20.Kuwait aniniay kacomahad, Tangpawcay (2014-6-20 pisapinangan)[mada’oc malasawad calay]

21.Congko kacacofelan citodongay/Kuwait/tadamanay kafanaan (2014-6-20 pisapinangan). [2014-06-20]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2016-04-03）.

22.Congko Kuwait kitakit citodongay/sakatayra Kuwait kafana’an/saka 6 tosir, karomakat ato sakatay (2014-6-20 pisapinangan). [2014-06-20]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2021-04-10）.

23.Congko Kuwait kitakit citodongay/sakatayra Kuwait kafana’an/saka 3 tosir, manengnengay adada ato pipaising ademak (2014-6-20 pisapinangan). [2014-06-20]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2021-04-10）.

24.Congko Kuwait kitakit citodongay/Kuwait kitakit kadademakan /tamdaw, 2014-3 safa^eloh (2014-6-20 pisapinangan). [2014-06-20]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2015-09-24）.

25.Wangyiwen, “Asia Tapinyang pakasolotay mafolaw kitakit-Autralia”, Congko tenokansya, 2014-2-5 (2014-6-20 pisapinangan). [2014-2-5]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2014/--21）.

26.Congko Kuwait kitakit citodongay/sakatayra Kuwait kafana’an/saka 4 tosir, i niyaro’ay lekakawa ato satelek (2014-6-20 pisapinangan). [2014-06-20]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2021-04-10）.

27.Congko Kuwait kitakit citodongay/sakatayra Kuwait kafana’an/ sinpon mirina’an, 2014-3 safa^eloh (2014-6-20 pisapinangan). [2014-06-20]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2015-09-24）.

28.O Kuwait satada tariktikay ko Kuwait to Twitter a kitakit, 2014-05-27 safa^eloh (2014-6-20 pisapinangan).

Kuwait（科威特）

Itini i 29 30 N, 45 45 E, noAsiya ko Kuwait.
Polong no sekalay i 17,818 sq km “saka 158 ko rayray no ngangan. ”
“O sekalay no sera i, 17,818 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 0 sq km ” 
Polong i 2,832,776 ko tamdaw.

sera(土地)
Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen(農業) a sera 8.50%, Malo no kilakilangan(林業) a sera 0.40%, malo no roma to a sera 91.10%.

siyoto(首都)
O [[[Kuwait City]](科威特城) ko Siyoto.

katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日)
Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakatosa 25 a romi’ad.

O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) anini i ci Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah(薩巴赫·艾哈邁德·賈比爾·薩巴赫), patirengan a romi’ad i 2006 a miheca(年) saka 1 folad saka 29 a romi’ad. 

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