Barbados

Papito - Barbados（kuwaping a sowal：巴貝多）

 Papito Kitakit(巴貝多國) 

 Takaray a sowal (概略) 
Itiraay i ksala’ed no Ciyalepi Riyar ato Tasiyang, o kanatalan a kitakit, i sakawaliay no Saka’etipay a Kanatanatal ko ka itiraan nona kitakit. O syoto i,o Kayakayan Niyaro’(Ikiris a sowal:Bridgetown; Kowaping a sowal:橋鎮),o dadahal nona kanatal a kitakit i,430㎢, sahetoay o dasdas a pala, ikemod nona kanatal i,iraay ko pinapina a tapolo. I 13ºN、59ºW ko kaitiraan.
Papito a kitakit i,mahinakeray ko o Finawlan ko Sakakaay sanay a Foco no Sici, itiyaay i 1966 miheca saka 11 folad saka 30 romi’ad a Nisiiked a Mikowan, o mikapotay to Tata’akay Ikiris a Lekatep(Commonwealth realm), Ira ko pilekal no sifo no Papito i 2020 miheca saka 9 folad saka 16 romi’ad , ciharateng to sapipalasawadaw to kalasawara’an ni Ilicapid II (Elizabeth II) , ano macorok kona demak i, ya miliyas to Tata’akay Ikiris a Lekatep(Commonwealth realm) i 2021 miheca saka 11 folad a patireng to Kapolongan a Kitakit, nikawrira, mikapot to tayal nona Lelatep.[1]

O lihaf nani i Sifo’ay no Citodongay to Spay a Tayal no Amirika(Central Intelligence Agency，decdec a tilid:CIA) ato kakeridan no Citodongay to Ipapotalay a Demak(Affairs Select Committee) no La’enoay Pikaykian no Ikiris ci Tomas Tokentato(Thomas Tugendhat) a sowal i, o Congko ko misasawiay ta makidkid pasitira i Congko a mipadang a micoroh to sakacemahad no Itay-Iro(The Belt and Road Initiative), palacacoli ko Papito ato Ikiris.[2] Nikawrira,awaay ko maamaan a sapawacay tona sowal.

O ngangan no Papito nani sowal no Potokaru(Potawya)「Os Barbados」anoca o sowal no Sipanya「Los Barbados」, o imi nonini i,o「the bearded ones」sanay,ma’edefay ko palapalan to fiko a killing(haherher,samoro) sanay.

 Rikisi(歷史) 
Itiya ho i 16 sici iraay to ko Youropa a tamdaw a tayni a misang’ to kakowanen a pala, o sarakatay a tamdaw maro’ay itini i,o Arawako ato Kalopi a tamdaw. Nani 1625 miheca tahira i 1966 miheca, o mikowanan no Inkolan ato ikoray a tayni a Ikiris a tamdaw. Nani 1966 miheca tahaikor o Wismisto a rayray ko pido’edo’edoan a patireng to Hontian Rikec ato Nikapolongan Kitakit, o Honti no Ikiris ci Ilicapid II ko sawara’an nona kitakit. 

 I’ayaway a Rikisi(史前史) 
Ira ko kapiwacay, i’ayaw ni Yiso to 2000 ko mihecaan, iraay to ko tamdaw a maro’ itini ton apala. I 350~650 mihecaan, o nani Katomolay Amirika a tamdaw ko tayniay a maro’,latek itira i 800 miheca, o Arawako tamdaw hananay no Sipanya a tamdaw mihinakeray to itini ton apala. Tahira to i sasifo’an no 13 sici o sakatolo a liyad no Kalopi a tamdaw ko tayniay amaro’.

 Isa’ayaway a Rikisi(早期歷史) 

I 16 sici, cilacila malali’aca to koli ko Hontian a Sipanya ato Papito, orasak, tangso a malowan ko itini tiniay a maro’ a Intian a tamdaw. Nani 1600 miheca, o Inkolan tamdaw, Frasu a tamdaw, Olanta(Holan) a tamdaw, misatapang a misakilikilim to maamaan ato mipatireng to sakowan itini. Ano macakacakatay tona kanatal ko Sipanya a tamdaw ato Portokalo(Putawya) i Papito, nikawrira, o sarakatat a ptireng to Sakowan itini i ,o Inkolan a tamdaw i 1627 a miheca. 

 1640 miheca tahira i saka 18 sici(1640 年至18世紀) 
Yo malalood ko ilaloma’ay no Ikiris i,madafdaf a tahira i Papito kona lalood, i 1649miheca saka 1 folad saka30 romi’ad patayen no finawlan ci Cali I (Charles I) honti, ikor to no kapatay ningra ta ta mahaop tona lalood. Aikor to i,pacomoden no Holan(Olanta)ko pipaloma ato misongila’ a misang’ to tefos, mipacod ho to koli nani Afrika, onini ko saka falic no syakai ato kicai no Papito. Na pisatapangan a mipaloma to tefos i 1640 miheca mala o cecay no sakakaay a mipalomaay to tefos a demak i hekal ko Papito.[3]   

 18 sici tahira i 20 sici (18世紀至20 世紀) 
Itini i Ikiris i,palasawaden ko kalali’aca to koli i 1807 miheca, 1816 miheca mifodfod ko koli, nano kairaan no rikisi o sakakaay kona fodfod, onini ko sapapipalahedaw no Papito ato mikowanan no Ikiris a roma a kitakit i Sa’etipay Indo a Kanatanatal i 1834 miheca.
Tahira to i saka 20 sici, oya teloc no nitedalan to a koli milongoc to sakowan a ’icel. 1938 miheca patireng ci Puliciton to Cemahaday a Lekatep no Papito, toikor falicen a pangangan to Matayalay a Centang no Papito.

 Aniniay (現代) 
Nani 1958 miheca tahira i 1962 miheca, o cecay no mamo’etepay a Nipatatekoan a kitakit no Sa’etipay Indo a Kanatanatal ko Papito. 1966 miheca saka 6 folad, masasowal ko Papito ato Ikiris to sakasiikedaw a mikowan no Papito. Fangcal a rihaday ko kasasowal ta laheci sato ko Kasiiked no Papito i 1966 miheca saka 11 folad saka 30 romi’ad, o sakacecay a Congli(Premier) ci Ailor Palo. 

 Kasasilsil no Sakowan (行政區劃) 
Itini ni Papito i,masilsil to 11 a Lekad no Kyokai(Ikiris a sowal:parishes;Kowapin a sowal:教區), o syoto tatapangan a tokai Kayakayan Niyaro’(Ikiris a sowal:Bridgetown; Kowaping a sowal:橋鎮) itiraay i Sie-Mayko Lekad no Kyokai.
#’AmisKuwaoinIkirisISO

FangkoDadahal

(km²)1Kristo  Lekad基督堂區Christ ChurchBB-C572Sie  Antolo Lekad聖安德魯區Saint AndrewBB-A363Sie  Ciyawci Lekad聖喬治區Saint GeorgeBB-G444Sie  Camus Lekad聖詹姆斯區Saint JamesBB-S5Sie  Yohani Lekad聖約翰區Saint JohnBB-J6Sie  Yosifo Lekad聖約瑟夫區Saint JosephBB-O7Sie  Lusi Lekad聖露西區Saint LucyBB-L8Sie  Mayko Lekad聖麥可教區Saint MichaelBB-M9Sie  Pito Lekad聖彼得區Saint PeterBB-E10Sie  Tafilipu Lekad聖塔菲利普區Saint PhilipBB-P11Sie  Tomas Lekad聖托馬斯區Saint ThomasBB-T

 Palapalaan (地理) 
Itini i 13 10 N, 59 32 W, no Notimolan Amilika ko Barbados.
Polong no sekalay i 430 sq km “saka 202 ko rayray no ngangan. ”
“O sekalay no sera i, 430 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 0 sq km ” 
Polong i 291,495 ko tamdaw.

sera(土地)
Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen(農業) a sera 32.60%, Malo no kilakilangan(林業) a sera 19.40%, malo no roma to a sera 48%.

siyoto(首都)
O [[[Bridgetown]](橋鎮) ko Siyoto.

katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日)
Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakafalo 1 a romi’ad.

O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) anini i ci Elizabeth II(伊莉莎白二世), patirengan a romi’ad i 1952 a miheca(年) saka 2 folad saka 6 a romi’ad. 

 Kicai (經濟) 
O aniniay a Kapolongan a Nitayalan a ’Epoc Ilalom’ no kitakit(Gross Domestic Product，decdec:GDP) ato Lalen a ’Etan no Kalotamdaw(Per capita disposable income; kuwapin a sowal:人均收入) ila’enaay ho ni itiyaay ho i 2007 miheca, o 
a ’aca a sa’osi macakatay to 36%, o payso no Papito malasafaay to patokeled han i, o awaay to katayalan a tamdaw i, macakat ko ka’aloman, o citayalay han i,cecay a lipay tosa anoca tolo ko katayalan a romi’ad, tada awaay to ko ‘epoc no katayal, o sifo han i,ano pacakacakaten ko sata caay ka songila’ a masalof ko polong a pili’etan no kitakit. O Hekal a Kiking Lekatep(International Monetary Fund，IMF) ira ko pali’ayaw a sowal i 2013 miheca ato 2014 miheca o kicai no Papito mamaynas to 0.8% ato 1.1%, onini i, o dengan konini a kitakit ko caay ka cemahad i Sa’etipay a Pecih no Cikiw.  

Nikawrira, o safa’elohay a pasadakan no Sifo’ay Kinko no Papito,i 2013 miheca mamaynas to 0.7%, cowa ka pasowal to 2014 mihecaan a sa’osi. 
O pinengneng to ni Talifis i, o tadakalacemcemay amontay no Papito i,macakatmacakat ko kiyam ato kasipon tahiraay to i 2,5 ok no Amirika a payso. I’ayaw nonini to 5 mihecaan, o tatapangan a demak no sifo no Papito o pirowan to pikaloc(pila’om) to payso, masiwar ko micomoday a payso no sifo.

Tona mihecahecan cowa ka cemahad ko damak no malali’acaay, matongal ho ko ka’aloman no awaay ko tayal, iraira ko tayal i,caka pina ko widi ko katayaln, mansa caka pakapasata, mafelih ko demak no sifo pacakaten ko sata ta ira to ko micomoday a payso no sifo saan. Ano o pirowan aca to pikaloc(pila’om) to payso ato pacakat to sata ko demak i,cowa ko mamanga’ay ko katayalan, matongalmatongal ko kiyam.   

 Tahapinangan a Tilid(參考文獻) 
[1] 巴巴多斯将取消英女王元首地位 明年11月成共和国. [2020-09-17]. （原始內容存檔於2020-09-29）.

[2] 巴巴多斯擬撤英女皇元首地位 英議員：同中國一帶一路有關. 蘋果日報. 2020-09-23 [2021-04-07]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-06）.

[3] 奴隶贩铜像被扔进河里：当年英国为何掺和非洲奴隶贸易？. [2020-06-13]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-13）.

 Pikafitan i Papotal(外部連接) 
 CIA
 外交部
 List of current heads of state and government


Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Kasasiwasiw:Barbados
Kasasiwasiw:Kitakit