Burkina faso

Burkina faso（布吉納法索）

Pokirna faso(Frasu a sowal:Burkina Faso; Kuwaping a sowal:布吉納法索)

 Takaray a sowal(概要) 
o Pokina-Faso hananay a kitakit ono itiraay i Afrika a Karopaw kitakit, o polong a pala no kitakit i,itiraay i sakatimol a lilis no Sahara-Tafatafakan (Arbiya a sowal:الصحراء الكبرى‎，aṣ-Ṣaḥrāʾ al-Kubrā ; Kuwaping a sowal:撒哈拉沙漠) ko kaitiraan. O katelang a angangan nona kitakit i,o Sangfota (Fransu a sowal:Haute Volta;Kuwaping a sowal: 上伏塔), I 1984 miheca saka 8 folad a falicen tono aniniay a ngangan no kitakit, itiraay i tenok no kitakit ko syoto o Tatapangan a Tokai Wakatoku (Fransu a sowal:Ouagadougou，decdec:Ouaga; Kuwaping a sowal:瓦加杜古), o sakakaay ko katata’ang a tokai no Pokina-Faso, patokeled han o kahiceraan no punka ato kicai katayalan. 
Itini i hekal o sasafaay ko kafana’ to tilid, ‘edeng 3% no polong a tamdaw ko mafana’ay to tilid. O cecay no「cowaho ka cemahad a kitakit」(Least developed country decdec a tilid: LDCs; Kuwaping a sowal:最低度開發國家).

O congtong no kitakit anini i ci Loko-Mako- Kolistian-Kapoloy(Fransu a sowal: Roch-Marc-Christian-Kaboré; Kuwaping a sowal:羅克·馬克·克里斯蒂安·卡波雷) , katomirengan a romi’ad i 2015 a miheca saka 12 folad saka 29 a romi’ad.

 Rikisi(歷史) 
O katelang a payrayrang(文明) a kitakit ko Porkina-Faso i Saka’etipay Afrika, nani saka 3 sici(世紀) tahira i saka 13 sici, itira i Niri ato i katimol no saka’etip no Porkina-Faso a Pora(Bura) hananay a pala, makera ko cecay a marad to citiliday to Pora-Punka. Anini i laloma’ nona kitakita latek ira ko 60 ko masasiromaromaay a niyaro’, o Mosi (Mossi) ko sakaay a finacadan, o sarakatay a ngangan i,o Sangfota hananay ko ngangan nona kitakit, i 1984 miheca yo malacongtong no kitakit ci Tomas-Sangkara(Fransu a sowal: Thomas Sankara ; Kuwaping a sowal:托馬斯·桑卡拉) itiyaay a mifalic to ngangan no kitakit to Porkina-Faso(Burkina Faso) , o「Porkina」hananay i,o「mo’ecelay」ano ca「mo’ecelay tamdaw」sanay ko imi nira, o「Faso」hananay i,o nani sowal no Teyula(德尤拉語) o「Winaan a kitakit」sanay ko imi nira.[1]

1896miheca, tayni i Sangfota(上伏塔) palapalaan, patedo sa a milekal o no niyam nikowanan konian pala saan, onini ko toker sa a mitaker koya halafinay to a moro’ itini a Mosi tamdaw, tahira to i 1919 miheca matokep ko tatapangan a takai(syoto) Waciyatuko(Frasu a sowal:Ouagadougou,簡稱Ouaga; Kuwaping a sowal:瓦加杜古), oya nikowanan a malamicongacongay kitakit no Syangyahaian(Fransu a sowal:Côte d'Ivoire; Kuwaping a sowal:象牙海岸) [2] a sak’amisay a sakowan pateko han to i laloma’ no fa’elohay a nipatirengan asakown, papolong han a mipangangan to 「Sangfota」, o cecay no Matatekoay-Kitakit Saka’etipay-Afrika no Fransu( Fransu a sowal:Afrique occidentale française, decdec a titlid:AOF.; Kuwaping a sowal:法屬西非).  

1932 miheca, ona Malamicongacongay-Kitakit a Saka’etipay-Afrika a nikowanan no Fransu, ira ko piharateng no Frasu to sakanga’ay a matayal saan, cikcik han misamiming, tahira to i 1937 miheca nga’ oya Sangfota ato italiyokay a pala patateko ha a miliyaw, ta pangangan han to「Fafa’eday Syangyahaian」(Fransu:Haute-Côte d'Ivoire;Kuwaping:上象牙海岸). 

1956 miheca,masanga’ no Frasu ko rikec to sapiliyawaw a masasowl to i papotalay no riyar a sakowan, sa onini ko kacakat no Sangfota(上伏塔) mala o cecay a misiikeday to niyahpikowan, tahira to i 1960 miheca liyas sato to pikowan no Fransu a Misiiked. To ikor no Pisiiked, mo’etep miheca ko kahalafin no Sangfota a ca ka hinaker kosieci, cilacila ira ko pifelih no sofitay to sifo, tahira to i 1990 a mihecaan nga’ sahinaker sato to mamang.
2014 miheca saka 10 folad saka 30 romi’ad, oya aniniay a congtong kinasepat a pararid malacongtong, sapiliyawaw ho to rikec no kitakit a kinpo ta manga'ay a pararod kako saan , mikangi to ko icowacoway a niyaro no Sangfota.[3] 2014 miheca saka 10 folad saka 31 romi’ad, sawad sato ci Pulas-Konpawloy(Blaise Compaoré;布萊斯·龔保雷)[4] [5] milaliw tayra i Syangyahaian.[6]

To cila a miheca i 2015 miheca saka 9 folad saka 16 romi’ad, oya micokeray a sofitay toya nipalasawdan a congtong ci Konpawloy midemak to sapifelihaw to sifo, palit han koya pacarcaray a congtong ci Misier-Kafanto ( Fransu a sowal:Michel Kafando; Kuwaping a sowal:米歇爾·卡凡多) ato congli ci Yakopa-Isako-Cita (Yacouba Isaac Zida ;亞科巴·伊薩克·齊達), ato romaroma a tapang.[7] 

Tona miheca saka 9 folad saka 21 romi’ad mapahadak nani pipalitan ci Misier-Kafanto, tahira sa Tasikuwan a pacarcar a milimek.[8] 

O Kicai Lekatep-Kitakit no Sa’etipay-Afrika(Economic Community of West African States, decdecan:ECOWAS ;西非國家經濟共同體,簡稱西共體) ko mitahidangay to mitokeray to congtong sofitay ato mifelihay to congtong a masasowal, i 2015 miheca saka 9 folad saka 23 romi’ad hai sato ko mitokeray to congtong a sofitay a mitlid to ngangan i kakaketonan, matiko to ko sakowan ’icel i sifo, oya sato ya mipacarcaray a milimek a congtong ci Kafanto patatiko to a malacongtong.[9]  

2015 miheca saka 11 folad saka 29 romi’ad ira ko pidemak to singkiw to congtong, oya mikeridan ni Loko-Mako- Kolistian-Kapoloy (Frasu a sowal: Roch Marc Christian Kaboré; Kuwaping a sowal:羅克·馬克·克里斯蒂安·卡波雷) a Cemahaday-Finawlan-Onto, pakaala to 53.43% a satopa no misinkiway,[10] ta maro’ to malacongtong i 2015 miheca saka 12 folad saka 29 romi’ad.[11] 

 kaitiraan (地理) 
O kakahad no pala no Pokirna-Faso ira ko 27㎢, itiraay Saka’etipay-Afika a karopaw ko kaitiraan, malafiyaway ato Mali(Frasu a sowal:République du Mali; Kuwaoing a sowal:馬利共和國), Syangyahaian (Fransu a sowal:Côte d'Ivoire; Kuwaping a sowal:象牙海岸), Kana(Ikiris a sowal:Ghana; Kuwaping a sowal:迦納共和國),Toko(Fransu a sowal:République Togolaise; Kuwaping a sowal:多哥共和國), Pinan(Fransu a sowal:La République du Bénin;Kuwaping a sowal:貝南共和國) ato Niru(Fransu a sowal:République du Niger;Kuwaping a sowal:尼日共和國). Itiraay i kafafaw no Fota ’alo ko kaitiraan sa pangangan han to「Sangfota」(上伏塔).
O nirakatan no Sangfota ’alo a pala, o nanom masiwar no kakedalan ato kafodo’an a tosa kasasiroma a kakarayan, orasaka, cowa ka haniker ko nanom sa ca ka tatodong parakat to tamina, cowa kanga’ay saliomahen, onini ko saka ca ka nga’ay ko liomah nona kitakit, cowa ka ‘edeng hano niyah a kakaenen ko liomah. Orasaka, itini i rikisi no Pokirna-Faso, kinapinapina mapecih no roma akitakit, caay sa laheci ko pisiiked to niyah pikowan.

O kakarayan no Pokirna-Faso i, o Fa’edetay-Rengorengosan a kakarayan, o ’orad to cecay miheca isifo’ay no 500mm ato 1000mm, ikatimol maka’oraday, ika’amis manikaway to ’orad.

’Edef no kitakit awaay ko Tafotafokan-kanohikaan, nikawrira, isaka’etip a sekalay kalatafokay, forokan a sota’; itira sa i katimol no sakawali no saowac no Sangfota’alo, adihay ko Caicai-Lalangaw(Glossina), orasaka, masaopo ko tamdaw a maro’ i sifo’an ato sawlian, mangalefay ko ka ’aloman no tamdaw i sifo’an. 

Itiya ho i saka 15 sici ato saka 16 sici, mapa’eker no ci’icelay a Huiciyaw-Mantinko(Mandingo) kitakit ato Sanghai-Micowatay hontian kitakit(Empire of Songhai;桑海帝國), oya masaopoay a maro’ isifo no kitakit a Mosi-Finacadan itira to i dahetal a mitoker.[12] 

Itini i 13 00 N, 2 00 W, noAfilika ko Burkina faso.Polong no sekalay i 274,200 sq km “saka 75 ko rayray no ngangan. O sekalay no sera i, 273,800 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 400 sq km ” 
Polong i 19,512,533 ko tamdaw.sera:Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen(農業) a sera 43.00%, Malo no kilakilangan(林業) a sera 20.40%, malo no roma to a sera 36.60%.siyoto(首都) O Ouagadougou(瓦加杜古) ko Siyoto.katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日),Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakatosa ko safaw 11 a romi’ad.

 Kicai (經濟) 
O liomah ato pakaen to ’a’adopen ko sakakaay a demak ona kitakit, o matayalay toninian i,mahaop ko 80% no matayalay a tamdaw. Nawhani tadamanikaway to kinairaira no pala, i lawac sa no kanohikohan ko kaitiraan, orasaka sanoyanan sa manikaw ko Pokirna-Faso,o kanani tinian no matayalay no taliyok a kitakit. 
O ’edengan a karomakatan no cilamalay pasitiraay aca i Syangyahaian(象牙海岸), orasaka kodefet ko kacacofel no tamdaw ato dafong. O roma sato ’i, i’ayaw no pisiikedan no kitakit, o fiyaw a kitakit matiya o Mali, Syangyahaian, Kana, Toko, Pinan ato Niru sahetoay o nano malamicongacongay-kitakit no Fransu. Onini ko saka alamisiiked sato i, saheto ono Fransu a sowal ko kalasowal no kitakit. Iro matini o payso no Pokirna-Faso o Sa’etipay-Afrika a Falang(Franc CFA), o kapolongan nona kitakitakit a nipatirengan a「Lekatep no Sa’etipay-Afrika kicai ato payso」(Fransu a sowal:Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine;西非經濟貨幣聯盟) ko misanga’ay a pasadak to na payso.
Patodong han a miti’er ko liomah aca caay ka ha’emin a paini to ’orip no tamtamdaw, orasak ’aloman ko tayraay i romaroma a kitakit a matayal, o sa’alomanay i, tayraay i fiyaw a kitakit tora Kana, Syangyahaian ato Cinoya (Fransu a sowal:République de Guinée;幾內亞共和國) a matayal to saka ’orip, oninian a matayalay i, ira ko pacarcaray a matayal, ira ko halafinay a maro’ i roma a kitakit. Ira ko sa’osi latek cecay so’ot a ofad a tamdaw no Pokirna-Faso sahinaker sanay to ko aro’ i Kana ato Syangyahaian kitakit, ka awaen to to saka’orip i toniyahan a kitakit.[13] 

 Kasasilsil no sakowan(行政區劃) 
Ira ko 13 a Tata’angay-Sakowan(Fransu a sowal:Région; Kuwaping a sowal:一級行政區), ila’eno nona Tata’angay-Sakowan i,ira ko 45 a sakowan(Fransu a sowal:Provinces; Kuwaping a sowal:二級行政區):
#’Amis/ Tata’angay-SakowanFransu  a sowalKuwaping  a sowalDadahal/㎢Tamdaw

/2006  1Polayti-MuongBoucle  du Mouhoun布克萊迪穆翁大區34,1531,434,8472CascasCascades瀑布大區18,406524,9563Sifo’anCentre中央大區2,8051,523,9804Sifo’an-SakawaliCentre-Est中東大區11,8111,132,0235Sifo’an-Saka’amisCentre-Nord中北大區19,8291,203,0736Sifo’an-Saka’etipCentre-Ouest中西大區21,7221,183,4737Sifo’an-  SakatimolCentre-Sud中南大區11,321638,3798SakawaliEst東部大區36,2561,209,3999Fafa’eday-MasadangahayHauts-Bassins上盆地大區25,3441,410,28410Saka’amisNord北部大區16,2071,182,77011Takaraway  Dahetal-Sifo’anPlateau-Central高原-中部大區8,545647,51612SaheleSahel薩赫勒大區36,166808,92813Katimol-Saka’etipSud-Ouest西南大區16,576623,056

 Tahapinangan a Tilid (參考文獻) 
[1] 存档副本. [2017-12-09]. （原始內容存檔於2020-04-17）.

[2] Forvo網站上Côte d'Ivoire的法語發音。

[3] Burkina Faso parliament set ablaze. BBC. 2014-10-30 [2014-10-30]. （原始內容存檔於2014-10-30） （英語）.

[4] Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders (2003), page 76–77.

[5] "Biographie du président" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, website of the Presidency （法文）.

[6] Burkina Faso general takes over as Compaore resigns. BBC. 31 Oct 2014 [31 Oct 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2015-01-12）.

[7] 布基納法索軍方宣布解散政府. 美國之音. 2015-09-17 [2015-09-19]. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-25）.

[8] Burkina Faso : le président de la transition s'est réfugié à l'ambassade de France. France Info. 2015-09-22 [2015-09-24]. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-24）.

[9] Burkina Faso : le président Kafando et son gouvernement de retour au pouvoir. France Info. 2015-09-23 [2015-09-24]. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-24）.

[10] 卡波雷在布基纳法索总统选举中获胜. 中新網. 2015-12-01 [2018-05-25]. （原始內容存檔於2015-12-08）.

[11] "Burkina Faso swears in new president, capping transition" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Agence France-Presse, 29 December 2015.

[12] 《非洲地理》256頁，1983年9月三版。

[13]《非洲地理》256頁，1983年9月三版。 

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