Notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal i Taywan

Notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal i Taywan (臺灣南島語族) 
Notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal i Taywan, masowal o Formosa a sowal (Inkiris: Formosan languages), o adihayay kasasiiked a pipolong a sowal i notimolan kanatal sowal no finacadan i Taywan, polong no tamdaw salongan ira ko 20 ’ofad[2], milesap i sa’etal no yincuminco i Taywan, o kalosowal o sowal no kitakit i Taywan, o sowal no Tao ko polongan a sowal no Taywan yincuminco, manga’ay siikeden ko ka’amisay notimolan kanatal sowal no finacadan i Taywan, Cou, Ngudradrekai, Payuan, Pinuyumayan, Bunun ato pasawaliay no Taywan a notimolan kanatal sowal no finacadan a sowal, o kasasiroma no pisa’osi, salongan ira ko 20 tanfasa 30 ko sowal[3]. O notimolan kanatal sowal no finacadan saheto o awaayay ko tilid i ’ayaw, anini ira to ko nano tilid no Roma ko patodongan a tilid, o saka sasowal tono ina a sowal salongan ira ko 18 ’ofad a tamdaw[padetek 1]

Roma sato, o maro’ay itini i Lanyu a Tao finacadan, talacowa milecad to i Taywanay yincumin a finacadan, citodong to sowal no itiniay Taywan finacadan a sowal no Tao a sowal, nika o nisowalan no Tao masiiked itiniay i Polynesia finacadan a badan finacadan, caayay ko no notimolan kanatal sowal no finacadan i Taywan, kona caay patodongen itini a kamok. Sacisowal sa ko no Dipong o Takasago finacadan sowal saan.

Notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal i Taywan polong no nano sowal i nitimolan ira ko nika tadamaan, itiyaay notimolan kanatal a sowal malesap i kasa’etal a pinanowan, pinalengaw, manengneng i kasasireoma no sekal ato kafafalic no romi’ad, onini pahapinang to notimolan kanatal sowal i Taywan o matelangan cira. Pakayni i sowal a pikingkiw mapasadak ko parana’an, ngalef adihayay a sowal mikingkiway paso’elin o “laloma’an no to’as” no timolan finacadan ko Taywan. Taywan yincuminco wuyinhuy a pipa’ayaw to Taywan yincuminco ato notimolan kanatal sowal finacadan a kakiharan pahapinang “Taywan yincuminco o nano notimolan kanatal sowal a finacadan… o notimolan kanatal sowal a finacadan o sadadahalay itini i hekal a finacadan; masiiked i kasa’etal i ka’etip o kawali katimol no Africa a Madagascar kanatal, milakec to Intoyang tangasa i Easter (piliyawan ma’orip) kanatal; ka’amis o Taywan, talatimol o New Zealand, o Taywan o saka’amisay a notimolan sowal finacadan a masiiked”. [4]

 Lalengawan (起源) 
O yincumin no Taywan ato Filipin, Intonisiya kasakanatal a yincumin saheto o nano notimolan sowal a finacadan a kakiharan. Onini nai ’ayawan to’ek likisi no Taywan mafolaway a sowal o nika lalen a malecad no kasa’etal. No ka;ayaway a nisowalan, halo sowal no Micronesia, pasatomol, tenokan no katimol kanatal, kaetipay Siciniya (West New Guinea) a kitakit[6].

Taywan satakaraway kingkiwyin (1996) paratoh: “Notimolan kanatal sowal (Austronesian) roma sowal o Malay-Polynesian sowal (Malay-Polynesian), polong no hekal itiniay i kanatal a masafelaway a sowal finacadan”. Satakaraway kingkiwyin Tangafolan ponka tilid calay pasowal to, “Ma’oripay i Taywan a yincuminco, oya Tangafolan ato Kozanzoku, o saka sasowal nangra, manga’ayay saka sasowal makakihar, matiya o itiraay i Taypinyang, Intoyang a kasakanatalay adihayay a sowal a sangasaw, matiya o nisowalan no mikingkiway a sowal ‘notimolan kanatay a sowal’ (Austronesian) ato (Austronesian)” [7].

 Kasasiiked a sangasaw (分類系譜) 

 O niyaro’ no notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal ko Taywan (臺灣被視為南島語系的原鄉) 
So’elin to, sa’aloman sato ko katadamaan no hakasi patalahekal notimolan kanatal a sowal I Taaywan. Mikingkiwan no hakasi a sowal no notimolan kanatal o tato’asan kamaro’an ko Taywan, ngalef o lalengawan no to’asay notimolan kanatal a finacadan ko Taywan saan (nengneng Blust 1985；Bellwood 1991).

Taer (Dahl 1976) paratatenga notimolan kanatay sowal i Taywan mana’ang ko adihayay tadamaanay notimolan kanatal a sowal, o cecay no polong notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal. Tonini a parana’an, Payles (Blus 1982) pa’ayaw palasepat to ca’ang to notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal: Tayal finacadan, Cou finacadan, Payuan finacadan, ato Malay – Polynesian finacadan. Ikoray to pikingkiw no Payles (Blus 1999) midotoc to ngiha, o nano Payuan finacadan a cecay ca’ang pasiikedan to, oya notimolan kanatal finacadan pala mo’etep piiked: Tayal finacadan, kaetip ka’amis finacadan, kaetip dafdaf finacadan, Cou finacadan, Ngudradrekai finacadan, Payuan finacadan, Pinuyumayan finacadan, Bunun finacadan, kawaliay no Taywan notimolan kanatal finawlan, ato Malay – Polynesian finacadan[8].

Mo’etepay notimolan kanatal finacadan a siwaay saheto itiniay i Taywan, roma itiraay i kasa kanatal no Taypinyang to awiday no 1000 a notimolan kanatal finacadan malecaday sowal a finacadan, mahapinang itiniay i notimolan kanatal a finawlan a likisi i, o Taywan iraay i notimolan kanatal a finacadan a maro’ay, sa’ayaway kahiceraan a sa’etal.

 Sowal matisil (語言列表) 
I 2009 miheca, midotoc to paini no Linhoko kiwiko ponka sakapot, o Basai sowal, Ketagalan sowal, Maowushu sowal a 7 finacadan o awaayay to; roma, Kavalan sowal, Thao sowal a 7 finacadan o mamalasawad to, o Saiyan finacadan sowal o tadancaay to, o Atayal sowal, Pinuyumayan sowal, Bunun sowal a 9 finacadan a sowal malotayay to[9][10].

 Ono kitakit nisetekan sowal no yincuminco (官方認定之原住民族語言) 
Ngangan no finacadanKowaping Finacadan iso pinangSowal Saysiyat賽夏xsyTai sowal,  Tonghe sowalThau邵ssfKa’amis  hefong, TapinlinKbalan噶瑪蘭ckvAmis/Pangcah阿美amiCikasoan,  Tarawadaw, Pasawali, Falangaw, PalidawSakizaya撒奇萊雅szyPuyuma卑南pyuPuyuma, Katratripul,  Pinaski, KasavakanBunun布農bnnTakitudu, Takibakha,  Takivatan, Takbanuaz, IsbukunPaiwan排灣pwnRavar(Vuculj),  Paumaumaq(Pavuavua), Tjuakuvukuvulj(Sapediq, Paljiljaljiljav), Seqalu (Paqaluqalu)Cou鄒tsuTfuya, Tapangu,  Luhtu, Imucu, KanakanavuKanakanavu卡那卡那富xnbHlaʼalua拉阿魯哇sxrDrekai魯凱druTerdreka, Kongadavange,  Oponoho, Vedai, Labwane, TarumakeTayal泰雅taySekoleq, Malepa,  Tseole, Malikoan、Mapanox, MabaalaTruku太魯閣trv Truku, Toda, TgdayaSeediq賽德克

 Caayayho kapangangan a sowal no yincuminco (未正名之原住民族語言) 
Ngangan no finacadanKowaping Finacadan iso pinangSowal Basay巴賽byqTrobiawan, LinawKetagalan凱達格蘭kaeLuilangPapora巴布拉ppu Hoanya洪雅Arikun, LloaTaokas道卡斯bzg Babuza巴布薩Babuza, FavorlangKulon龜崙uonPazeh巴宰pzh Kaxabu噶哈巫Taivoan大武壠tvxSiraya西拉雅fox Makatao馬卡道

 Salongan (特徵) 
Notimolan kanatal a sowal no Taywan mana’ang i to’asan no notimolan kanatal finacadan a ponka ko tadamaan. Salalan no sakingiha i, saadihayay sowal limaay ko wina no ngiha, sadama ngiha masapinangay, caay ka sasifod; ira ko karatengay kahemaway, nika awaay ko no kowaping a ngiha. Masongila’ ko silsil no sowal, o cecay no sasowal ato adihayay a sowal masakapot, adihay ko kasangiha[16].

Itini i sasowalan, notimolay kanatal a sowal satadamaanay a salongan misarocoday, o nianan koya materekay a nga’ayay no notimolan kanatal a sowal, o nian koya notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal i Taywan. Oya salongan misarocoday, o pi’eses to kasasowal ato kasalikel a mahapinang ko sapasowal no patodongan[17].

 Sasowalan (詞彙) 
O kalosowal ato notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal itini i laeno, ato mingataay to notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal a Badan finacadan a Tao sowal ato Ibadan sowal a sasowalan kasasitiri’, oyanan a notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal mateli sa’ayaway, o nian ko kasasotiri’an[18].
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 Paheciay (註釋) 

 ^ 根據Ethnologue:     Languages of the World (2022)的資料。精確的數目是181,200人。未列入使用不屬於臺灣南島語的達悟語的3,800人。

 Pawa’ayan (腳註) 

 ^ Blust, R. (1999). "Subgrouping,      circularity and extinction: some issues in Austronesian comparative      linguistics" in E. Zeitoun & P.J.K Li (Ed.) Selected papers from      the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics (pp.      31-94). Taipei: Academia Sinica.
 ^ 109      年人口及住宅普查初步統計結果提要分析 (PDF). [2022-06-22].      （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-12-02）.
 ^ 李壬癸. The      internal relationships of Formosan languages (台灣南島語的內部關係).      2006 [2019-07-17]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-06）.
 ^ 中華民國原住民族委員會. 台灣原住民族與世界南島語系民族的關係 - 南島語族 - 平埔族及南島語族簡介 - 族群與文化. [2011-08-05]. （原始內容存檔於2011-07-01）.
 ^ 原住民族語言發展法三讀通過，原住民族語言為國家語言. 中華民國原住民族委員會. [2017-08-03]. （原始內容存檔於2017-08-01）.
 ^ 平埔文化專題. 中央研究院民族所數位典藏. （原始內容存檔於2014-08-19）.
 ^ 史前時代南島語系民族的大遷移. [2009-01-24]. （原始內容存檔於2009-01-14）.
 ^ Robert Blust. 1999. Subgrouping, Circularity      and Extinction: Some issues in Austronesian comparative linguistics. In      Elizabeth Zeitoun and Paul Jen-kuei Li (eds.), Selected papers from the      Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, 1-54.      Taipei, Taiwan: Academia Sinica.
 ^ ＜聯合國組織報告＞台灣7種語言 已滅絕. 自由時報. 2009-02-21 [2024-03-02]. （原始內容存檔於2024-03-02）.
 ^ 杜正勝. 部長序. [2019-04-09]. （原始內容存檔於2016-09-22） （中文（臺灣））.
 ^ 因iso仍未將太魯閣語及賽德克語分別開來，故兩族共用同一語言代碼。
 ^ 因iso仍未將道卡斯語及巴布薩語分別開來，故兩族共用同一語言代碼。
 ^ 因iso仍未將道卡斯語及巴布薩語分別開來，故兩族共用同一語言代碼。
 ^ 因iso仍未將巴宰語及噶哈巫語分別開來，故兩族共用同一語言代碼。
 ^ 因iso仍未將西拉雅語及馬卡道語分別開來，故兩族共用同一語言代碼。
 ^ 國立自然科學博物館，2001
 ^ 何大安、楊秀芳，2000
 ^ 原住民族語言研究發展中心. 族語千詞表. [2020-08-30]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-29）.

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 Papotalay calay (外部連結)