Janssen-Medalje (Franse Akademie vir Wetenskappe)

Die Janssen-medalje is 'n astrofisika-toekenning wat deur die Franse Akademie vir Wetenskappe toegeken word aan persone wat op hierdie gebied van wetenskap vordering gemaak het.  Les Prix Thematiques en Sciences de l'Univers , French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011

Die toekenning is in 1886 gestig, alhoewel die eerste medalje nie tot 'n jaar later toegeken is nie. Die kommissie wat gestig is om te besluit op die eerste ontvanger van die medalje, het die Duitse fisikus Gustav Kirchhoff gekies vir sy werk op die wetenskap van spektroskopie. Kirchhoff het egter op 17 Oktober 1887, 63 jaar oud, gesterf, 'n paar maande voor die toekenning aangekondig sou word. In plaas van om 'n nuwe ontvanger vir die toekenning te kies, het die kommissie by die Akademie se sessie van 26 Desember 1887 aangekondig dat die inlywende medalje op sy graf geplaas sal word tot groot eer van die nagedagtenis van hierdie groot geleerde van Heidelberg.  Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1887), pp.1322-1323. The French phrase partially translated here is: "L'Académie voudra donner à la mémoire du grand savant d'Heidelberg ce suprême hommage, qui sera une première consécration de sa gloire et une consolation pour sa famille."

Die toekenning was bedoel om tweejaarliks te wees, maar is in 1888 en weer in 1889 toegeken. In die 1889-reeks Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Sciences is verduidelik dat die toekenning jaarliks vir die eerste sewe jaar aangebied sal word, en dan twee jaarliks vanaf 1894.  Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1889), pp.1095-1096

Hierdie toekenning word onderskei van die Prix Jules Janssen (geskep in 1897), 'n jaarlikse toekenning aangebied deur die Franse Sterrekundige Vereniging. Beide toekennings is vernoem na die Franse sterrekundige Pierre Janssen (1824-1907) (beter bekend as Jules Janssen). Janssen het die Akademie-toekenning gevestig, en was 'n lid van die inleidende kommissie.

 Laureate 
1887 - Gustav KirchhoffPrizes of the French Academy, Ralph E. Wilson, General Notes, Popular Astronomy, Vol. 21, 1913, pp.383-385. This gives all the Janssen Medal awards between 1887 and 1912 that were known to US astronomer Ralph E. Wilson (1886-1960) the author of the note. (postuum)
1888 - William HugginsHuggins, Sir William (1824–1910), Barbara J. Becker, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008, accessed 23 Jan 2011
1889 - Norman Lockyer
1890 - Charles Augustus YoungCharles Augustus Young, John M. Poor, Popular Astronomy, vol. 16 (1908), pp.218-230. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 229.
1891 - Georges Rayet
1892 - Pietro TacchiniPietro Tacchini, Hector MacPherson, Jr., Popular Astronomy, vol. 13 (1905), pp.306-308. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 308.
1893 - Samuel Pierpont LangleyAward of the JANSSEN Prize to Dr. LANGLEY, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 6 (1894), No. 34, p.66
1894 - George Ellery Hale
1896 - Henri Deslandres
1898 - Aristarkh Belopolsky
1900 - Edward Emerson Barnard
1902 - Aymar de la Baume Pluvinel
1904 - Aleksey Pavlovitch Hansky
1905 - Gaston MillochauThe 1905 statement in Comptes rendus relating to this award stated that the gold medal award would be made in 1906, but that an award of a silver medal would be made in 1905 to Gaston Millochau. See the 1905 volumes of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences.
1906 - Annibale Ricco
1908 - Pierre Puiseux
1910 - William Wallace Campbell
1912 - Alfred Perot
1914 - René Jarry-DeslogesJarry‐Desloges, René, Patrick Fuentes, The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, 2007, Part 10, 589-590, 
1916 - Charles FabryGeneral Notes, Popular Astronomy, Vol. 25, 1917, p.214-216. The Janssen Medal is mentioned on page 215, along with a note about two silver medals awarded to Fabry's colleagues at the Marseilles Observatory, Henri Buisson and Henry Bourget.
1918 - Stanislas ChevalierThe citations for all these recipients are located in the corresponding issue of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences for the year of the award.
1920 - William CoblentzGeneral Notes, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 33, No. 192, pp.120-122 (1921). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 122.
1922 - Carl StørmerNotes , Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, December 1922 issue, pp.476-478
1924 - George Willis RitcheyGeneral Notes, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 36, No. 214, pp.360-363 (1924). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 362.
1926 - Francisco Miranda da Costa Lobo
1928 - William Hammond WrightWilliam Hammond Wright, 1871-1959, Paul W. Merril, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 71 (1959), No. 421, p.305
1930 - Bernard Ferdinand Lyot
1932 - Alexandre Dauvillier
1934 - Walter Sydney AdamsWalter S. Adams, 1876-1956, F. J. M. Stratton, The Observatory, Vol. 76, p. 139-140 (1956)
1936 - Henry Norris RussellRUSSELL, Henry Norris, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007, accessed 23 Jan 2011
1938 - Bertil Lindblad
1940 - Harlow Shapley
1943 - Lucien Henri d'Azambuja
1944 - Jean Rösch
1946 - Jan Hendrik Oort
1949 - Daniel Chalonge
1952 - André Couder
1955 - Otto StruveGeneral Notes, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 68, No. 400, pp.84-85 (1956)
1956 - Victor Ambartsumian
1958 - André Lallemand
1961 - Pol Swings  Pol Swings - Curriculum Vitae , Fondation Francqui-Stichting website, accessed 24/01/2011
1964 - Jean-François Denisse Jean-François Denisse , French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011
1967 - Bengt StrömgrenStrömgren, Bengt Georg Daniel, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography (2008), retrieved 26/01/2011 from Encyclopedia.com
1970 - Gérard Wlérick Gérard Wlérick , French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 28/01/2011
1973 - Lucienne DevanComptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences: Sciences mathématiques, Volume 277, page 128 (1973) (silver-gilt award)The Comptes rendus citation refers to the award as a "médaille en vermeil" - i.e. the award was not a full gold medal.
1976 - Paul LedouxPaul Ledoux (1914-1988), A. Noels, The Messenger, vol. 54, p.10 (1988)
1979 - Jean DelhayeJ. Delhaye received the Prix Jules-César Janssen, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Vie Acad., Tome 289, p. 95 (1979)
1982 - Georges MichaudObservatory Reports: Université de Montréal, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 16, p.246 (1984)
1985 - Pierre Lacroute, Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)
1988 - Lodewijk Woltjer. Lodewijk Woltjer, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011
1990 - Pierre Charvin, Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)
1992 - Henk C. Van de Hulst, Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)
1994 - Serge KoutchmySerge Koutchmy received la médaille Janssen, C. R. Acad. Sci., Sér. Gén., Vie Sci., Tome 11, No. 5, p. 412 (1994)
1999 - Jean-Marie Mariotti
2003 - Gilbert Vedrenne
2007 - Bernard Fort Laureats des Prix de l'Academie des Sciences en 2007 , French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011
2011 - Francois Mignard Francois Mignard , French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 03/05/2012

Die bogenoemde lys is op datum tot en met 2011.

 Verwysings 

 Eksterne Skakels 
 Les Prix Thematiques en Sciences de l'Univers , includes a description of the Janssen Medal (French Academy of Sciences)
 Article and photograph on the presentation of the 2007 award to Bernard Fort  (Paris Institute of Astrophysics)

Kategorie:Astrofisika
Kategorie:Toekennings