ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ ( 1911 ⴳ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴳ 11 , ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴳ 30 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2006 ) ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵚⵕⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ . ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ  ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ  ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ . ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1930 ⴰⵔ 2004 .   ⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 30 ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ , ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⴼⵔⴰⵙⵏ  ⴳ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵉⵣⵢⵓⵏ , ⴷ ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⴹⵏⴰⵥ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ , ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵉⵣⵢⵓⵏ .(ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ) ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ 

ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵓⴳⵔ  ⵙⴳ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵄⵣⵉⵣ ⵉⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵉ ⵓⵎⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⴱⴰⵛⴰ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵍⵍⵉ  ⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵍⵖⴰⵜ. ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵄⵣⵉⵣ ⵉⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵛⴰ , ⴷ ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵍⵇⴰⵀⵉⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵉⵍⵜ /ⵍⵊⴰⵎⴰⵍⵉⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ  . ⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵎⵓⵚⵟⴰⴼⴰ ⵇⵛⵉⵛⴰ , ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ ⵎⵓⵚⵟⴰⴼⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ  ⵏ ⵡⴰⵥⵀⴰⵕ/ⵍⴰⵥⵀⴰⵕ , ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵄⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵓⵔ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1968 , ⴷ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵏⴽⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵍⵖⵜ. ⵉⴷⴷⴰ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⴰⴷ  ⵉⵍⵎⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ, ⴷ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵓⵡⴰⴷ  ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ( ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵀⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵖⵉⵍⴰ ) ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1930 ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ  ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ . ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴳⴰⴷⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵚⵟⵕ ⵖⴼ ⵓⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎⵜ , ⵉⵎⵉⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵙⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ. ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⵓⵏⴱⵉⴹ ⴰⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖⵉⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ 7 ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ  ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵀⵔⵔⵎ ⴰⵚⴱⵃⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⵜ ⴰⵔ 1954 . ⴷ ⵖⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⴰⵙⵍⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ( 1966 - 1971 ) ⴷ ⵚⴰⴼⵉ ⵙⴳ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ , ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴰⵎⵓⴳⵏ .

 ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ 
ⵉⵜⴰⵀⵍ  ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴳⵓⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴱⵉⴷⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ 1952 , ⴷ ⵉⵜⴰⵀⵍ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵄⴰⵟⵉⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵉⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ , ⴷ ⵉⵃⴱⴰ ⴰⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⴰⵀⵍ ⴼ ⵡⵉⴷⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ , ⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⵓ ⴷⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡⵏ . ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵃⵎⵉⵍ ⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵙ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ  ⴳ 1988 , ⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵥ .ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ

 ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ 
ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⴷⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵉⵚⵕⵉ , ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⴽⵙⴰⵍⵉⵏ  ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ  ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ . ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵥⵥⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴽⵕⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡ , ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵍⵡⴰⵃ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ "ⵀⵎⵀⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⴼⵍⴰ" ⴳ 1938 . ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1939 ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ "ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ/ ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰⵏ" . ⵢⵓⵔⵎ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ  "ⵜⵓⵏⴳⵍⴰⵜ  ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵍⵉⵍ" ( 1948 ), ⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴳ " ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ( 1949 ) . ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴳⵍⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵛⴰⵃⴰⴷ ( 1965 ) ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⵏⵏⵖ ( 1959/1950) ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵔⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵏⵖⵉⵏ .ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⴰ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵓⵖ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴰⵏⵟⴰⵥⵉⵜ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵍⵍⴳⵙⴰⵔⵏ ( 1977 ) ⴷ ⴰⴹⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴹ ( 1982 ),  ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵍⴰⵖⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵉⴷⵉⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴽⴽⵉⵜ/ ⴳⵉ ( 1994 ) ⴷ ⵜⵡⴰⵔⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⵓⵕⵓ 2004 , ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⴷ  ⵓⵙⴱⴰⵇⵇⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ. ⴷ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵉⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ , ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⴼⴷ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⵏⵏⴽ .ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ

 ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵖⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ 
ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⵏⵏⵖ  ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⴰⵙ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵄⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵜ ⵏⵖⴰⵏ , ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵀⴰⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵔⵜ "ⴰⵍⵍⵓⵎⵥⵉ ⴼ 'ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏ' ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ" .ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⴷ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴼⵙⵔ ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵎⵓⵚⵕⴰ ⵄⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ , ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ 8 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵄⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵜⵜ . ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1995 ⴳ ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ  ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵏⵖⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ, ⵓⵜⵏ ⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴳⴳⵕⴹ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵏⴰⴱⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

 ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ 
ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⴳ 30 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2006  ( 95 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ) ⴳ ⵓⴹⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵍⵄⴰⵊⵓⵣⴰ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ . ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴹⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴷⵎⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵥⵥⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵉⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵛⵛⴰ ⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⵢⵢⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ .ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ

 ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 
 ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ :
 ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ  :   55
 ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ   : 35
 ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵉⵏ  : 223
 ⵜⵉⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰⵡⵉⵏ   : 19
 ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏⵉⵏ   :  7
 ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰⵢⵉⵏ  : 26

ⴽⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ :

 • ⵍⵇⴰⵀⵉⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ (1945 ) القاهرة الجديدةthumb|ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ
 ⴰⵢⵍⵉⵍ ( 1948 ) السراب
 ⴰⵎⵅⵅⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⴹⴰⵏ ( 1961 ) اللص و الكلاب
 ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ( 1964 ) الطريق
 ⵛⵛⴰⵃⴰⴷ ( 1965) الشحاذ
 ⵜⵉⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ( 1972 ) المرايا
 ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵏⵥⴰⵕ ( 1973 ) الحب تحت المطر
 ⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴹ ( 1975) قلب الليل
 ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ  ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ  ( 1980 ) عصر الحب
 ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⵙⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ (  1982 ) الباقي من الزمن ساعة
 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⴱⵓ ( 1985 ) أمام العرش
 ⴰⵎⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ  ( 1985 ) العائش في الحقيقة
 ⴰⵙⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵡⴰⵢ ( 1985 ) يوم قتل الزعيم

ⴽⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

 ⴷⴷⵓⵏⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ( 1962 ) دنيا الله
 ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵎⵏⵜ ( 1971 ) شهر العسل
 ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵡⵖⵜ ( 1987 ) صلح الورد
 ⵜⴰⵢⵍⴳⵉ ⵉⵙⴽⴷⵓⴱⵏ ( 1988 ) الفجر الكاذب

ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵉⵏⴰⵕⵢⵓⵜⵏ 

ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵄⴰⵏⵜⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵄⴰⴱⵍⴰ  ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵟⵍ ⵏⵏ ⴰⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵙⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1948 , ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ "ⴰⵎⵖⵙⵙⵍ" ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⴰⵔⵢⵓⵡⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ 1959 .ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ 

 ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 

 • ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ ⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ 1988.
 • ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ 1957.
 • ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵊⵎⵎⵓⵄ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ 1946.
 • ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ 1999.
 • ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴼⴰⴼⵉⵙ 2004.ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

 ⴰⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ 
ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⴽ ⴷ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵄⴰⵊⵓⵣⴰ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ , ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵚⵕ ⴷ ⴳ ⵍⵎⴰⵄⴰⴷⵉ . ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴼⵏⴰⴽⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵊⵏⵢⵓⵔⵏ ,ⵍⵊⵉⵣⴰ .ⴰⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ 

 ⵜⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 

 ⴽⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⴽ ⴰⴽⴽⴰⵖ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵉⵏⵓ , ⵄⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴰⴽ ⴰⴽⴽⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵉⵏⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵓⵔ ⵓⴼⵉⵖ ⴰ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵙⵙⵓⵔⵔⵉⵖ , ⴰⵔ ⵙⵙⵉⵜⵉⵎⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵊⵊⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵜⴳⵕⴰⵥ .
 ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⴰ/ⵜⵙⵜⴰⵀⵍⵍⴰ ⵎⴰ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵇⵔⴰⵃⵏ , ⴰⵊⵊ ⵜⴰⵖⴱⵏⵜ ⵉ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵍⵏ .
 ⴰⵏⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⴼⵔⴰⴽ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵡⵇⵇⵔ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⵍⵙ
 ⵙ ⵓⵏⵛⴽ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⴽ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⵎⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ , ⵀⴰ ⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎⵜ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ ; ⵏⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴳⵉⵡⵏ .
 ⵏⴽⴽⵏⵉ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⵎⵜⴰⵜ ⵉⴳ ⴷⵉⵖ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵔⴰ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ , ⴰⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⵎⵜⴰⵜ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔⵏⵏⵖ ⵎⵎⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵏⴱⴷⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ, ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⵔⵏⵓ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⵉⵡⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵖ .(ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ) ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ

 ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ 

 ⴰⴷⵓⵏⵉⵙ
 ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ
 ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ
 ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ

 ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ 

 9 .    ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵜⵢⵓⴱ
 10 .   ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⴷⵢⵓ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ*
 11 .   ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵊⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵃⴼⵓⴹ
 12 .    (ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ) ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⵏⵏⵖ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵜⵢⵓⴱ
 13 .    ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵅⵅⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵢⵉⴹⴰⵏ