ⵊⴰⴱⵕⴰⵏ ⵅⴰⵍⵉⵍ ⵊⴰⴱⵕⴰⵏ

ⵊⴱⵕⴰⵏ ⵅⴰⵍⵉⵍ ⵊⴱⵕⴰⵏ , ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵍⵓⴱⵏⴰⵏⵉ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 6 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 1883 ⴳ ⴱⴰⵛⵔⵉ, ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 10 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 1931 ⴳ ⵏⵢⵓⵢⵓⵔⴽ, ⴳ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵊⴱⵕⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ.

ⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵢⵓⵡⵡⴰ ⵊⴱⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵢⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 1895 ⵉⴷⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ, ⴳ ⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⵙⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵙⵜⵓⵏ. ⴳ ⴱⵓⵙⵜⵓⵏ, ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵊⴱⵕⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵢⵉⵏ, ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵎⴰ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⵙ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵍⴰⵢⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 1898, ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵖⵔ ⵍⵓⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵓ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ "الحكمة" ⴳ ⴱⴰⵢⵔⵓⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ.

ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ
ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵊⴱⵕⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 20, ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉⵜ. ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵊⵉⴱⵔⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵕⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵙⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏ "الروح المتمردة" (1908) ⴷ "الأجنحة المكسورة" (1912) ⴷ "الدمعة والابتسامة" (1914).

ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ, ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵡ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ "النبي" (1923), ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍⵏ ⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ "النبي" ⵅⴼ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵊⵎⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ, ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ, ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡ, ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ, ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ.

ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⴱⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴳⵉⴱⵔⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ, ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵎⵍⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⴳ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⵙⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ.

ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵏⵢⵓⵢⵓⵕⴽ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 1931 ⵅⴰⵍⵉⵍ ⵊⵉⴱⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵖⵓⴱⵓ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵅⴷⴷⴰⵎ. ⵖⵉⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵜⴼⴳⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵔ ⵍⵓⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵜⵓⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⵣⵎⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⵊⵉⴱⵕⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⵢⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵊⴱⵕⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴱⵔⵉⴷⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ.

ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ
ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵊⴱⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵙⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ, ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵔ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 50 ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵍⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ.

ⵊⴱⵕⴰⵏ ⵅⴰⵍⵉⵍ ⵊⴱⵕⴰⵏ, ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵍⵉⴱⴰⵏⵉ, ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ:

ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ:
1. "ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴳⵓⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ (1908) ": ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴳⴰⵔⵓ.

2. ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ (1912): ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵉⵔⵡⴰⵏ.

3. "ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ (1914) ": ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ.

4. "ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵓⵜⴰⵍ (1919) ": ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵉⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ.

ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ:
1. ⵏⴰⴱⵉ (1923): 26 ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ.

2. "ⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴱⵓⵜⵔ" (1926): ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵉⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵏ.

3. ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ.

4. "ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ (1931) ": ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ.

ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ:
ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⵙⴼⵍⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴼⵙⵔⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵏ

ⴰⵎⵙⴳⵔ
ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵊⴱⵕⴰⵏ ⵅⴰⵍⵉⵍ ⵊⴱⵕⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⵊⵉⴱⵔⴰⵏ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵎⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ. ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵔ ⵊⴱⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ, ⴷ ⵜⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ, ⴷ ⵓⴳⴰⵎⴰ. ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵎⴰ ⵓⵢⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰ ⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⴰⵙⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴼⵕ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ.

ⵉⵙⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ