omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly-next huggingface dataset:
10 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ

10 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: February 10) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ "ⵎⵔⴰⵡ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵙⵉⵏ (ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ ) ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 324 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ
 790: ⴰⴱⵓⵇⵔⴰ ⵢⵉⴼⵔⵏⵉ, ⵣⵉ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵣⵏⴰⵜⴰ, ⵢⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵎⵙⴰⵏ (ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ). ⵢⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵓⵡⵔⴰⵖⵏ ⵢⵜⵜⵎⵏⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⵉⵢⵏ.

1998: ⴰⵏⴱⴹⴰⵡ ⵙⴰⴼⵉ ⵎⵓⵎⵏ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵔⵔⴰ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ "ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ".

2003: ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⵢⵇⴱⵍ ⴰⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⵉ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.

2015: ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵓⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵙⵎⴰⵄⵉⵍ ⴱⵍⵍⴰⵛ ⴷⵉ 69 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵢⵍⵓⵍ ⴷⵉ 1946 ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵓⵟⴰ, ⴰⵜ ⵡⵖⵍⵉⵙ, ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍ.

2016: ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⵉⴱⵉ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵚⴰⵍⵃ ⵛⵔⵉⵃⴰ, ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴱⴰⵡ ⴷⵉ ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵏⴼⵓⵙⴰ, ⵢⵓⵡⵉⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵢⴽⵡⴰⵏⴷⵓ.

ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ(ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) : ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)
10 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ

10 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: April 10) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ "ⵎⵔⴰⵡ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ (ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ) ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 265 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵉ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ
ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ

ⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏ: "ⵜⵉⵣⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ" 

애 ➡️ ⵉ ➡️ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ 

국 ➡️ ⴳⵓⴽ ➡️ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ

가 ➡️ ⴳⴰ ➡️ ⵜⵉⵣⵍⵉⵜⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴳⴽⴳⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵜ 태극기thumb|ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵜ|border|center|120x120pxⵜⴰⵡⵎⵔⵉⴳⵜⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵜ
★ 나라 문장     thumb|121x121px|ⵏⴰⵔⴰ ⵎⵓⵏⵊⴰⵏⴳ "ⵜⴰⵡⵎⵔⵉⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ

ⵜⴰⵡⵎⵔⵉⴳⵜ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵊⵊⵉⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵛⴰⵔⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ "ⵜⵉⴳⵓⴳ" ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⴼⴰⵍⵜ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵕⵏ ⵛⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵜ 

ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ(ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) : ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ) (ⵙ ⵜⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ: 대민한국) ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⴰⵙⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⴰⵏⵣⵓⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ" ⴳ ⵉⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵜⵜⵓ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵉⴽⴽ ⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴽⴽⵙⴰⴷⴼⵔⵉⵔ DMZ" ⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉ ⵖ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵉⵇⵇⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ" ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵎⵜ ⵢⵓⵥ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵖ" . ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵍⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ ⴰⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵚⴰⴹⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵔⵉⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ 51,96 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵄⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵣⴳⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵙⵓⵡⵓⵍ" ⴷ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍⵏⵉⵏ, ⵜⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙⵓⵡⵓⵍ" ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓⴱⵓⵍⵉⵜ" ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ. ⴳⵔ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ, ⴷⴰⵔⴽ ⵉⵏⵜⵛⵓⵏ ⴱⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴷⵉⴳⵓ.

ⵜⴰⵜⵉⵎⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ

ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⵙⵓⵏⵉⵎ ⵏⵖⴷⴷ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵕ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵙⵓⵏⵉⵎ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ" ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵉⵢⵓ (ⴳⵔ 37ⴷⵜ - 668ⵎⵜ) ⵉ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ" ⵢⵓⵙⵉ ⵜ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⴰⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵉⵢⵓ" ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴰⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵔⴼⴼⴰⴽⵏ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵉⵙⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵣⵏⵓⴷ "ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ". ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉ ⵏⵓⴹⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣ ⵊⵡⴰⵡ ⵠⴰⵣ ⴷⵓⵔⴰⴷⵓ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1568 ⵎⵜ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵎ "ⴽⵓⵏⵔⴰⵢ" Conrai , ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵏⴰⵣ ⵜⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1680 ⵎⵜ  ⴷⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⴱⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵎ "ⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⴰ"

ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵔⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵖ 1411 ⵎⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵢ ⴰⵍⴼⵓⵏⵚⵓ ⴷⵉ ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴽⵉⵔⴽⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⴰⴽⴰ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵡⴷⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⴰⴽⴰ ⵉⴱⴷⵔ ⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵉⵙ Gores

ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19 ⵎⵜⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19 ⵎⵜ ⵏⵖⴷⴷ "ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ" ⵍⴰ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵎ Korea ⴷ ⴰⵎ Corea, ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⴷⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 20ⵎⵜ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ "Korea" ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⴳⵉⵣ ⵜⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⵡⵓⵔ Japan ⵖ ⵓⵏⵏⴹⴼⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜⵉⵢ ⵜⵉⵍⵢ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ Korea, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵖ ⵓⵏⵏⴹⴼⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜⵉⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵯⵎⵎⴰⵢ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ J ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ K

ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ
ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰ
ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵢⵉⵡⵏⵉⵏ
 ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ 

ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ 
ⴰⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ
ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ

ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉ

ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉ

ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1990 ⴰⵔ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ 

ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ
ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ
ⴰⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵙⴳⵎⴰⵏ

ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ
ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⴳⵔⵓ

ⴰⴳⵔⵓ (ⴰⵣⴰⵎⵓⵍ: 16px|♄) ⴷ ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ.  

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵓⵔⴰⵏⵓⵙ

ⵓⵔⴰⵏⵓⵙ (ⴰⵣⴰⵎⵓⵍ: 16px|⛢, 16px|♅) ⴷ ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ. 

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
10 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ

10 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: May 10) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ "ⵎⵔⴰⵡ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ (ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ) ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 235 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ
ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ 10 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓhttps://tinussan.com/?s=&submit=Search&hsmonth=5&hsday=10:
241 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ: ⵜⵏⵔⵓ ⵕⵓⵎⴰ ⵇⵔⵟⴰⵊ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵖⵜ ⴱⵓⵏⵉⵢⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ.
1944: ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵏ ⵃⵎⴷⵓⵛ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵍⵉⵜ ⴰ ⴱⴰⴱⴰ ⵉⵏⵓⴱⴰ.
1946: ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ.

ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
1 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ

1 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: July 1) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰ (ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ) ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 183 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ(ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ): tinussan.com
 1152 - ⵉⴳⵛⵎ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵎⵏ ⴱⵏ ⵄⴰⵍⵉ ⵍⴳⵓⵎⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴳⴰⵢⵜ, ⵉⴽⴽⵙ ⵜⵜ ⵉ ⴱⴰⵏⵓ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⴽⵛⵎ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵡⴰⵃⴷⵉⵏ.
 1056 - ⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ, ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵍⵡⴰⵃⴰⵜ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟ. ⵕⵥⵎⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵎⵓⵙⵏ ⵉⵖⵍⵉ ⴰⴱⵓ ⴱⴰⴽⵕ ⴱⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵙ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟ.
 1921 - ⵜⴰⴽⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⴹⵀⴰⵕ ⵓⴱⵕⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵓⵙⴷⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵔⵉⴼⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵏⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⵚⴱⵏⵢⵓⵍⵉ.
 1995 - ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⵜⵚⵚⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⵓⵏⵉⵙⴽⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵜⴰⵚⵚⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵚⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵎⵡⴰⵃⴷⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 19197 ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵄⵇⵓⴱ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ ⵎⴰⵛ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵙⵎⵉⴷⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵢⴰⵄⵇⵓⴱ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ ⵉⵡⵜ ⵜⵜ ⵓⵏⴷⵓⴷⵉ.
 2011 - ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴷⴻⴷⵏ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ [[ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ 20 ⴼⴰⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ|ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ 20 ⴼⴰⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ]].
 2011 - ⴰⵙⵥⵕⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙ ⴰⵣⴳⵏⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ) ⴷ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ.

ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
5 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ

5 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: July 5) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ "ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰ (ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ) ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 179 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ(ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ) tinussan.com
1830: ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ (ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ) ⵉ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵖⵏⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵇⴰⴷ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⴼⵔⵜ.
1938: ⵓⴼⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⵓⵔⵇⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵍⵢⴰⵇⵟⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⵉⵙ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵜⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ [[3 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 1938]].
1962: ⴰⴽⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ. ⴷⴰ ⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⵓⵏ ⵉⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵔⴼⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚ.
1979: ⵉⵙⵙⴼⵓⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵔⵣⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵎⵙⵜⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⴹⵚⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵟⵟⴰⵡⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ.
2003: ⵜⵙⵙⴼⵓⵖ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⵥⴰ ⴰⵍⴱⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ. ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ, ⴼⵜⵜⴰⵃ ⵄⴱⴱⵓ, ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵡⴰⵍⵍⵓ, ⴱⵉⵜⵔ ⵏⵓⴼⴰⵎⴱⵔ, ⴽⵉⴼⵉⵏ ⴷⵉⵏⵓⵜⵓ, ⵉⵍⵉⵣⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵊⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⴱⵕⴰⵡⵏ.

ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
9 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ

9 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: July 9) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ "ⵜⵥⴰ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰ (ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ) ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 175 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ
969: ⵜⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⵜⵡⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵯⵜⴰⵎⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵀⵉⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵊⴰⵡⵀⴰⵔ ⵚⵚⵇⵍⵍⵉ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵙ ⵍⵎⴰⵏⵚⵓⵕⵢⴰ ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵍⵇⵇⴰⵀⵉⵔⴰ, ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵣⵀⴰⵕ.(ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ) tinussan.com
1967: ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍⵉⵜ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴰⵜ ⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ ⵄⵎⵕⵓⵛ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵔⴳⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⵜ ⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ, ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵀⵉⴱⵍ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵃⵎⵓⴷ. ⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵀⵓⴱ ⴷ ⵟⵟⴰⵡⵚ ⵄⵎⵕⵓⵛ.
1982: ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵎⴰⵥ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⵄⵍⵉ ⵚⵉⴷⵇⵉ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ]] ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ "ⴳ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴰⴷⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⴷⵍⵙ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ", ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵏⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵏⵉⵇ.

ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ

ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ

ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
10 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ

10 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: July 10) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ "ⵎⵔⴰⵡ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰ (ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ) ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 174 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ
2006: ⵉⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚ "ⵣⵉⵏⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵣⵉⴷⴰⵏ" ⴱⵓ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵉⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⵏⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 1998.(ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ) tinussan.com
1996: ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵊⵓⵀⴰⴷⵉ ⴰⴱⴰⵄⵎⵕⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵛⴽⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ, ⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵛⴰⴼⵉⵇ ⵜⴰⵣⵡⵓⵔⵜ, ⵉⴼⴼⵖ ⴷ ⴳ ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 1997, ⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ 165 ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱ.
1830: ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵄⵜⵎⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ (ⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ), ⵓⵏⵣⵏ ⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵣⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⴼⵕⵊ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 14 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵜ.

ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
10 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ

10 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: August 10) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ "ⵎⵔⴰⵡ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵜⴰⵎ (ⵖⵓⵛⵜ) ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 143 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ
ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ

1909: ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴱⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ.
1995: ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⴱⵏ ⵕⴰⵃⵎⴰ.

ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ:ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ/ⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ

ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2022 ⴷ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 22 ⵙⴳ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵔ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⴹⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⵣⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵔ (ⴼⵉⴼⴰ/FIFA) ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵇⴰⵟⴰⵔ ⵙⴳ 20 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ ⴰⵔ 18 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2022. ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⴰⵖⵜⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵔ (ⴼⵉⴼⴰ/FIFA) ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴰⵟⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 15 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2018. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2022 ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⵉⵔ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ. ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⵉⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ 5 ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵢⵉⴳⵓⵜ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵎⵓⵏⴷⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵇⴰⵟⴰⵔ 2022 ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵓ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵢⵓⵍⵉ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵢⵢⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ, ⵉⴷⴷⵖ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 220ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ ⴷⵓⵍⴰⵔ. 

ⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴳⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2022 .. 32 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴹⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉⵏ, 31 ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵣⵔⵢⵏⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵉⵏⴼⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2022, ⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴹⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴰⵟⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⵣⵔⵢ ⵙ ⵓⵡⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵇⴰⵟⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ. ⴳⵔ 32 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴹⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ 20 ⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ  2014 ⴳ ⵓⴱⵔⴰⵣⵉⵍ, ⴷⵉⴳⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴹⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⵣⴰⵖⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵓⵡⵢ 2014, ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⴹⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵏⴷⵢⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ, ⴰⵎ ⵜⴰⵙⴹⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴰⵟⴰⵔⵉⵜ. ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ 64 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵜ ⴳ 8 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ 5 ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵍⵓⵙⴰⵢⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⴷⴰⵡⵃⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2022. ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⵍ'ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴹⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵔⵏⴰ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ  ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵢⵜⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵢⴰⴼⵓⴹ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⴳ 120" ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⴷⴰⴷⵜ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ:ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ/ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ(ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) : ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)
ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ:ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ/ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ

ⵎⵓⵏⵉⵔ ⵍⴽⴰⵊⵡⵉ ⵢⵓⵙⵉ ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴳⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⵎⴳⵍ ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2022. 

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ:ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ/ⴰⵎⴰⵏⵓⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ

ⵣⵉⵏⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵣⵉⴷⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵣⵉⵣⵓ, ⴷ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵔⵓⵔⵅⵏ ⵙⵉ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵉⵏⵉⴳⵏ (ⵉⵖⵔⵉⴱⵏ). ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 23 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 1972 ⴷⴳ ⵍⴰ ⵛⴰⵙⵜⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵙⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⴼ ⵢⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ. ⵣⵉⴷⴰⵏ ⵢⵓⵖ ⵖⵥⵔⵓⵏⵉⵇⵓ ⵍⵏⵜⵉⵙⵛⵓ, ⵉⵙⵄⴰ ⵢⵉⴷⵙ 4 ⵏ ⵢⵓⵇⵔⴰⵔ: ⵏⵣⵓ, ⵍⵓⵛⴰ, ⵜⵀⵥⵓ ⴷ ⵍⵢⴰⵣ. ⵉⵎⵓⵣⵣⴰⴳ (ⵙⵃⵥⵛⵉⴰⵍⵉⵙⵜⵙ) ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⵍ, ⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵣⵉⵏⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵣⵉⴷⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⴼⴰⵣⵏ ⵏⵣⵣⵀ ⴷⵉ ⵢⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵃⵍⵥ ⴷⵉⴳⵓ ⵎⴰⵔⴰⴷⵓⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵛⵍ ⴱⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ. ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵃⵎⵍⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 2006. ⴽⵕⴰⴹ (3) ⵉⴱⵔⴷⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵜⵓⴼⵔⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉⵔ ⵍⵎⵅⵉⵢⵔ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵙⵖⵓⵔ ⵜⵉⴷⴷⵓⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵜ ⵓⴹⴰⵔ (ⴼⵉⴼⴰ) ⴷⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙⵏ 1998, 2000, ⴷ 2003. ⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵉⵡⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⴷⴳ 
ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ  1998. ⴰⵖⵎⵉⵙ 'France-Football' ⵉⴼⵔⵏⵉ-ⵜ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉⵔ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴼⴰⵣⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴷⵉ ⵢⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ. ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⴰⵖ 1998 ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ, ⵉⴱⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵄⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵙ ⵜⵇⴱⵓⵛⵜ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ 1998, ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵖⵓⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵓⴼⵜ (ⵛⴰⵎⵃⵉⵓⵏⵏⴰⵜ ⴷ'ⵓⵔⵓⵃ) ⴷⵉ 2000. ⴷⴳ 20
03 ⵉⵃⴱⵙ ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵄⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ. ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵙⵍⴷ (2004) ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍⴷ, ⵍⴰⵎⴰⵄⵏⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 25 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 2006 ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴽⴼⵓ ⵜⵉⵍⵓⵖⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ 2006, ⴰⴷ ⵉⵃⴱⵙ ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵓⵏⵙⵉⴱ. ⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ, ⵎⵉ ⵜⴽⴼⴰ ⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵓⵖⴰ ⴰⴳⵉ, ⵉⵟⵟⴼ ⴷⴳ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ-ⵉⵙ. ⴷⵖⴰ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴳⵉ, ⵜⵎⵍⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵄⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴷ ⵜⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵟⵟⵍⵢⴰⵏ, ⵉ ⵉⴽⴼⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵣⵉⴷⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⵔ: ⵜⵉⵢⵉⵜⴰ ⵓⵇⴰⵔⵔⵓ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴼⵏⴰ (ⴰⴷⵖⵔⵙⴰⵉⵔ) ⴰⵟⵍⵢⴰⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵔⵛⵓ ⵎⴰⵜⵔⴰⵣⵣⵉ. ⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴼⵔⴰⵢ ⴰ ⵙ ⵉⴼⴽ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵔⵟⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴳⴳ°ⴰⵖⵜ. ⴰⵏⵛⵜⴰ ⵎⴰⵜⵛⵛⵉ ⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵜ-ⵉⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⴰⵣⵡⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⵉⵔ ⵉⴼⴰⵣⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ:ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ/ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ

ⴰⵣⴰⴳⴰⵢ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵡⵡⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵉⵖⵏⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵡⴹ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ 2.60 ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ، ⴷ ⵓⵙⵜⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ 800 ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴳⵕⴰⵎ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵜⵖⴷⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵖ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ, ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵉⵜ, ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ ⵙ  ⵜⴳⵯⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ  ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵣⴰⴳⴰⵢ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ:ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ/ⴰⵙⵔⵉⵔ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ

ⴱⴰⵢⵉⵔⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵛⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵔ (ⵙ ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ: Der Fußball-Club Bayern München) ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴳⵣⵍ (ⵏ ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ: Bayern München) ⵉⴳⴰ  ⴰⵙⵔⵉⵔ ⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⴼⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵢⵓⵏⵉⵅ ⴳ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴼⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵢⵉⵔⵏ ⵎⴰ'ⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵔⵉⵔⵏ ⴷⵓⵙⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵔⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 21, ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ-ⵜ ⵜⴱⵔⵉⵣⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴷ 33 ⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵍⵉⵜ ⵉⵔⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏ ⴱⵓⵏⴷⵉⵙⵍⵉⴳⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ 11 ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⴷⵓⵎ ⵙⴳ 2013/24 ⴰⵔ 2022/23 ⴷ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏ 20 ⵏ ⵜⴽⵍⵉⵜ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵊⵉⵎⵉⵏⴰⵢ (ⴰⵣⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴳⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢ)

ⵊⵉⵎⵉⵏⴰⵢ  ⵓⵍⵜⵔⴰ (Gemini ULTRA)
ⵊⵉⵎⵉⵏⴰⵢ  ⵏⴰⵏⵓ (Gemini NANO)ⵜⵉⴼⵉⴼⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ
|6 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2023
|-
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ| GEMINI
|-
|ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵓⵖ ⵙⴳⵍⴰⵎⴷⴰ-2 ⴷ ⴱⴰⵍⵎ-2 ⵉⵙⵎⴽⵓⵏⴰⴼⵓⵍⵍⵙ ⵉⵎⵎⵍⵥⵉⵏ
ⴰⵣⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴳⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ  25px ⴳⵓⵓⴳⵍ ⴷⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵢⵏⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜⵉⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵏⴰⵙⵉⵜ¹  ⴷⵉⴱ ⵎⴰⵢⵏⴷ  ⴰⵙⵉⵜ²ⵊⵉⵎⵉⵏⴰⵢ
ⵊⵉⵎⵉⵏⴰⵢ  (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉⵜ: Gemini) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴳⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵜⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⵓⴳⵍ ⴷⵉⴱⵎⴰⵢⵏⴷ"   (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉⵜ: Google DeepMind) . ⵜⵕⵣⵎ ⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 6 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2023, ⴷ ⵓⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵛⴰⵜ ⵊⵉ ⴱⵉ ⵜⵉ-4 ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵢ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵏ ⵉⵢ ⴰⵢ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵓⵔⴰⵜ ⵉⴳⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵏ ⵉⵜⴼⵉⴼⵖⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ (ⵍⴰⵎⴷⴰ-2 ⴷ ⴱⴰⵍⵎ-2) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵍⵍⵙ ⵉⵎⵎⵍⵥⵉⵏ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
10 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ

10 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: September 10) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ "ⵎⵔⴰⵡ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵜⵥⴰ (ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ) ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 112 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ
ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
2004: «ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵚⵉⴹⵇⵉ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ»

ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵓⵡⵉⵏⴳ (ⵜⴰⴱⴰⴷⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵥⵔⵉ)

ⴱⵓⵡⵉⵏⴳ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Boing) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⴷⵓⵜ ⴷ ⴱⵔⴰⵏⴷ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵏⵔ ⴱⵔⴰⴷⵔⵣ ⴷⵉⵙⴽⴰⴼⵓⵔⵉ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵥⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⵥⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳ ⵣⵖ ⵜⴰⴽⴱⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙⵉⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵉⵙⴰⵔⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵓⵖⵏ ⵉⵜⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏ ⵊⵓⵏⴷ ⵡⵉⵏⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵏⵔ ⴱⵔⴰⴷⵔⵣ ⴰⵏⵉⵎⵉⵛⵏ, ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏ ⴽⴰⵔⵜⵓⵏ ⵏⵉⵜⵡⵓⵔⴽ, ⴽⴰⵔⵜⵓⵏⵉⵜⵓ, ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵍⵉⴳⴳⵓ. ⵜⴱⴷⴰ ⵖ ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2009 ⵖ ⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵍⴰ ⵖⵉⵍⴰ ⵖ ⵙⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⴽⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ ⵖⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ 'ⴽⴰⵔⵜⵓⵏⵉⵜⵓ' ⵎⴰⵛ ⵜⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏ "ⴱⵓⵡⵉⵏⴳ ⵎⴰⴽⵙ"."Boing to be replaced by Cartoonito in France"«Telecinco firma un acuerdo con Turner para reforzar su programación infantil» (en castellà) 

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴳⵓⴳⵍ

ⴳⵓⵓⴳⵍ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Google) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵙⵓⵙⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵡⴰⵀⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⵍⵓ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵎⴰⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ, ⴰⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⴽⵡⴰⵏⵜⵓⵎ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵖⵏⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⴽⵟⵕⵓⵏⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴳⵓⵔⵜ (AI),. ⴳⵓⴳⵍ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⵉⵏⵙⵎⵓⵙⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ. ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ, ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ.  ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⵏⴰ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ "ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴽⵕⴰⵥⵜ/ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ" ⵙⴳ ⵖⵓⵔ BBC ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⵓⴳⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⴰⵣ, ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⴰⴱⵖⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴳⵓⵔⵜ (AI). ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵉⵏⴽ, ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵍ, ⵙⴳ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏ, ⴰⴱⴱⵍ, ⵎⵉⵜⴰ, ⴷ ⵎⵉⴽⵕⵓⵚⵓⴼⵜ.

ⴳⵓⴳⵍ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴳ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 4 1998. ⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵜⵜ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵍⴰⵔⵉ ⴱⵉⵊ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵔⵊⵉ ⴱⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴹⵓⴽⵟⵓⵕⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵜⴰⵏⴼⵓⵔⴷ ⴳ ⴽⴰⵍⵉⴼⵓⵔⵏⵢⴰ. ⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵙⵏ, ⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ 14% ⵏ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⴱⴹⵏ ⴳ 56% ⵏ ⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵍ (ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ "Googleplex") ⴳ ⵎⴰⵡⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴼⵢⵓ, ⴽⴰⵍⵉⴼⵓⵕⵏⵢⴰ, ⵢⴰⵎⵓ ⵖ ⵙⵉⵍⵉⴽⵓⵏ ⴼⴰⵍⵉ. "ⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵚⵃⴰⵏ" ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵍ.Fitzpatrick, Alex (4-9-2014). "Google Used to Be the Company That Did 'Nothing But Search'". Time.

ⵣⵖ ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2, 2015, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵓⴳⵍ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⴰⵥⵜ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ "Alphabet Inc". ⵟⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵣⵖ  ⵉⵥⴳⵯⴰⵕ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵍ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵏⴷⴰⵀ.

ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵓⵏⵙⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⴼ ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ, ⵉⴼⵉⴷⵢⵓⵜⵏ, ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ, ⵜⵉⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵣⵏⵉⵜⵜ ⴷ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵉ. ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2004, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴳⵓⴳⵍ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 4.27 ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, 880 ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ, ⴷ 845 ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵣⵏⵉⵜⵜ."When is Google's birthday – and why are people confused?". The Telegraph.  27-9-2019. Archived

ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
ⵕⵥⵎⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵀⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵜⴰⵏⴷⴼⵓⵕⴹ, ⵍⴰⵔⵉ ⴱⴰⵢⴷⵊ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵔⴳⵉ ⴱⵔⵉⵏ, "BackRub" ⵖ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵏ 1996. ⴳⵉⵏ ⵜⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ "Google Inc." ⵖ ⵍⴳⴰⵔⴰⵊ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵖ ⵎⵉⵍⴰⵏⵓ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ, ⴽⴰⵍⵉⴼⵓⵕⵏⵢⴰ. ⵖ ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 1999, ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ 165 165 ⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵉⴼⵉⵔⵙⵉⵜⵉ, ⴱⴰⵍⵓ ⴰⵍⵜⵓ, ⴽⴰⵍⵉⴼⵓⵕⵏⵢⴰ, ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ "Googleplex".

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
10 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ

10 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: October 10) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ "ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 82 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵉ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ
ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⴼⴳⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ

thumb

ⵜⴰⴼⴳⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ : جسم الإنسان) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴼⴳⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ. ⵜⴰⴼⴳⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡⵏ (ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵣⵍⵍⵓⵎ, ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵉⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ), ⴳⵉⵙ 206 ⵏ ⵉⵖⵙⵙ, ⴷ 639 ⵏ ⵜⴽⵙⵓⵎⵜ ( ⴳⵉⵜⵙⵏⵜ 570 ⵏ ⵜⴽⵙⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵙⵙⴰ). ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⴽⵔⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴳⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⵍⵍⴰⵃⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜ. ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⵉ (ⴰⵔⵉ) ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵏⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⴳⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ.

ⴰⵏⵍⵍⵉ :

ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ

ⵉⵏⵏⵕⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ

ⵜⵉⴳⵥⵥⴰⵍ

ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵥⵉ
ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ
ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵓⵜ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵍⴱⴰⵣ

ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵍⴱⴰⵣ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1957 ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵍⴱⴰⵣ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵓⵜ. ⵖ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵉ ⵏⵙ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵍⴱⴰⵣ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵕⵕⵓⵢⵚⴰ ⴷ ⵕⵕⵓⵢⴰⵚ ⴷⵉⵏⵏ ⵖ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⴼⵍⵉⴷ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ, ⴱⵕⵉⴽ ⴰⵜⵉⴳⵉ, ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴱⵏ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ ⴰⵥⵓⴹ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ.

ⴰⵙⵓⵔⵉⴼ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ
ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵍⴱⴰⵣ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷ 70 ⴷ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⵜⵓⵍⵓⴳⵓⵍⵜ, ⵉⵍⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵓⵜ ⵙ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴳ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⵍⴼⵏⴰ. ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰ ⵉⵙⵊⵊⵍ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵖⴰⵜ ⵏⵙ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⴼⵜⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1979. ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵖⴰⵜ ⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ "ⴰ ⵏⵥⵓⵕ ⴰ ⵏⵉⵍⵉ ⵍⵄⴰⵇⵇⵍ" ⵉⵙⵊⵊⵍⵜⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵕⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱ ⴰⵜⵉⴳⵉ.

ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵔⵉ ⵏⵙ
ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵍⴱⴰⵣ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵕⵏ, ⵉⵍⴰ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 485"الحلقة 36 من برنامج اس نگاور دونازور مع الفنان الحسين الباز. تقديم سعيد اوتجاجت" ⵏ ⵜⵍⵍⵖⴰⵜ, ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵔⵉ ⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1979. ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙⵏ :

 ⴰ ⵏⵥⵓⵕ ⴰ ⵏⵉⵍⵉ ⵍⵄⴰⵇⵇⵜ
 ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵣⵣⵉⵏ ⵉⵥⵓⵕ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵓⵜ
 ⴰ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵍⵎⴰⵍ ⴰ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵔⵔⵢⴰⵍ
 ⵉⵎⵎⵉ ⵉⵏⵓ ⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴰ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵔⵉⵖ ⵍⵃⵓⴱⴱ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵔⵙⵎⵓⴽ

ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴱⵓⵣⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵖⴷ ⴰⵔⵙⵎⵓⴽ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1963 ⵖ ⵡⴰⵡⵔⵉⵔ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵏⵉⵜ."Azawan.com Ammouri Mbarek biography, Mondeberbere.com"

ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⵓⵡⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵙⵎⵓⴽⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵏⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1963.

ⴰⵔⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴳ ⵣⵖ ⴰⵢⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵎⵣⵉ. ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵔⴷ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵓⴷⴰⵔ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵄⵎⵕⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵄⵉⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ.

ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 120 ⵏ ⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵖ 18 ⴰⵍⴱⵓⵎ ⵙ ⵜⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
10 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ

10 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: November 10) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ "ⵎⵔⴰⵡ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 51 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ
ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
2 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ

2 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: December 2) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ "ⵙⵉⵏ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 29 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ
ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
6 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ

6 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: December 6) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ "ⵚⴹⵉⵚ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 25 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ
ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
7 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ

7 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: December 7) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ "ⵙⴰ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 24 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ
ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
8 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ

8 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: December 8) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ "ⵜⴰⵎ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 23 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ
ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
9 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ

9 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: December 9) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ "ⵜⵥⴰ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 22 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ
ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
10 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ

10 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: December 10) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ "ⵎⵔⴰⵡ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 21 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.
ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ
ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
11 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ

11 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: December 11) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ "ⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 20 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ
ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
12 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ

12 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: December 12) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ "ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ" ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ 19 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ
ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⴼⵏ

ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⴼⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵎⵕⴱⵉⵄ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.

ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.

ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵡⴹ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ 555 ⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔ.

 ⴰⵣⵔⵔⵓⵢ 
ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵎⵕⴱⵉⵄ  ⵡⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵙⴱⵓ, ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵎⵕⴱⵉⵄ ⵍⴰⵢⵓⴱⴷⵓ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵟⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴽ ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ ,ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵏⵖⴰⵍ ⴳ  ⵓⵣⵎⵎⵓⵔ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

Category:ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ
ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ:ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ
ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ

2023: ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ 2023
2024: ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ 2024
ⵛⵉⵍⵉ

ⵛⵉⵍⵉ ، ⵉⵙⵎ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ : ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵛⵉⵍⵉ  (ⵙ ⵜⵙⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵜ: República de Chile)، ⴷ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ  ⴰⵎⵔⵉⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ(ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) : ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)
2024

ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2024 ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ 2974.

ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ

ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ

 8 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ - ⴰⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵥⵓⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵙⴱⴰⵢⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⵯⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴼⴰⵍⴽⴰⵢⵏ
 11 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ - ⴰⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⴽⵔⵉⴳ ⵇⴱⵍ ⵉⵖⵣⵔ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵉⵣⵢⵓⵏ
 13 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ - [[ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ 2023]]
 17 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ - ⵜⵓⵙⵎⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⴰⵎⵙⵓⵏⴳ ⴳⴰⵍⴰⴽⵙⵉ ⵉⵙ24
 19 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ - ⴰⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵥⵓⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵥⴱⵉⵏ
 31 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ - ⴰⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵙⴰⵎⵙⵓⵏⴳ ⴳⴰⵍⴰⴽⵙⵉ ⵉⵙ24

ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ

 2 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ - ⴰⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵕⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⴰⵙ

ⵎⴰⵕⵚ

 26 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ - ⴰⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵔⵉⴳ ⵇⴱⵍ ⵉⵖⵣⵔ ⵖ ⴷⵉⴼⵉⴷⵉ

ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ

 24 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ - ⴳⴰⵔⴼⵉⵍⴷ: ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ

ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ

 27 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ - ⴰⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵡⴰⵏⴰ 2

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵜ

ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵜ
المملكة العربية السعودية (ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ) ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍthumbcenter|92x92pxⵜⴰⵡⵎⵔⵉⴳⵜthumbⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ : لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا ٱلله، مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُوْلُ ٱلله
ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴰⵎⵔ ⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ, ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛⵉⵎⵙⵙⵖⵔⵜ : ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵖⵔⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵙⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵢⵢⴰ
ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Saudi Arabian national anthem (fast tempo), performed by the United States Navy Band.ogacenter|220x220pxⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ  ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵜ ⴳ ⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜⴰⵏⵙⵙⵓⵅⴼⵙⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏ ⴱⵏ ⵄⴰⴱⴷ ⵍⵄⴰⵣⵉⵣ ⴰⵍⵍ ⵙⵄⵓⴷⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵉⵏⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜⵔⵔⵉⵢⴰⴹⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ• ⴰⵖⵔⵓⴷ2 149 690 (ⵜⵉⵙ 12)• ⴰⵎⴰⵏ %0,7ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔⴰⵏGMT+3ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵜ1727ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵖⵔⴼⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵔⴼⴰⵙⴰⵄⵓⵙⵉ, ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵜⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ• ⴰⵙⵙⵉⴹⵏ 202232 175 224"الهيئة العامة للإحصاء - تعداد السعودية"• ⵜⴰⵏⵥⵥⵉ15/ⴽⵎ²ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⴰⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⵓⵙⵜⵉⵢ (ⵜ ⵜ ⵜ) 2023• ⴰⵖⵔⵓⴷ2,246 ⵜⵔⵉⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵍⴰⵔ"Demographic and socio-economic", The World Bank• ⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ68,452 ⴷⵓⵍⴰⵔⴰⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⵓⵙⵜⵉⵢ (ⴰⵙⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏ) 2023• ⴰⵖⵔⵓⴷ1,069 ⵜⵔⵉⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴷⵓⵍⴰⵔ• ⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ32,586 ⴷⵓⵍⴰⵔⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ (2021)0,847تقرير التنمية البشرية 2016: تنمية للجميع, Wayback Machine
(ⵜⵉⵙ 38)ⴰⵇⴰⵔⵉⴹⵔⵔⵢⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴷⴰⵀⵜⴰⴼⴰⵙⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ +966ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜSAⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ.sa
ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵓⵏⵚⵓⴱ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵢⵢⴰ (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: المملكة العربية السعودية) ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎ, ⴰⵔ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵜⵃⵓⵊⵊⵓⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵙⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⴰⴳ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵓⵔⵇⵇⴰⵚ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ  ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵙ.

ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵉⵏ

 1 ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ
 2 ⴰⵏⵣⵡⵉ
 3 ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ
 4 ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵃⴽⴰⵎⵏ ⵙⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵢⵢⴰ
 5 ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ
ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵍⵃⵓⴽⵎ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⴰⵢⵏ, ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ.

ⴰⵏⵣⵡⵉ
ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵙⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵖⵉⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ.

ⴰⵏⵣⵡⵉ ⵏ ⵙⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵡⵉ ⵉⵃⵎⴰⵏ.

ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ
ⵙⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵡⵔⵉⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴷ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ.

ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵙⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⴳⵓⵜ ⵖⵉⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵍ.

ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵃⴽⴰⵎⵏ ⵙⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵢⵢⴰ
ⵙⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵜⵃⴽⴰⵎⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ, ⴰⵙⵜⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵍ ⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷ. ⵉⴱⵏ ⵙⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏ ⴰ ⵉⵃⴽⴰⵎⵏ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⴰⵄⵓⴷⵉⵢⵢⴰ, ⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵙⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵉⴼ ⵙⵉ ⴱⴰⵔⵙⵉⵍⵓⵏⴰ

! colspan="7" style="background: lightgrey; text-align: center;"|ⵉⴼ ⵙⵉ ⴱⴰⵔⵙⵉⵍⵓⵏⴰ
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! colspan="7" style="background: lightgrey; text-align: center;"|FC Barcelonaⴱⴰⵕⵚⴰ
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| align=center colspan=2 width=40| 250px|center|ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵓ ⵏ ⵍ'ⴱⴰⵕⵚⴰ 
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! colspan="7" style="background: lightgrey; text-align: center;"|ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵓⵙⵔⵉⵔ 
|-
|ⴰⴷⴷⴰⵍ
|  ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
|-
|ⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎ
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵚⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ
|-
|ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ
|  
|-
|ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ
|29 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1899
|-
|ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ
| ⴽⴰⵟⴰⵍⵓⵏⵢⴰ
|-
|ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ
|
|-
|ⴰⵙⴳⵣⵍ
|FCB
|-
|ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵓⵙⵎⵉⴷ
|  Futbol Club Barcelona (ⵜⵚⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵜ)
|-
|ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴼⵙⵜ
|
ⴱⵍⵓⵡⴳⵔⴰⵏⴰ (Blaugrana ⵚⴱ)
ⴱⴰⵕⵚⴰ (Barça ⵚⴱ)
|-
|ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ
|
ⴽⵓⵍⵉⵣ (Culés ⵚⴱ)
ⴱⴰⵔⵙⵉⵍⵓⵏⵉⵙⵜⴰⵙ(Barcelonistas ⵚⴱ)
|-
|ⴰⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔ
| ⵙⴱⵓⵜⵉⴼⴰⵢ ⴽⴰⵎⴱ ⵏⵓⵡ (ⵓⵎⵉ 99.354)
|-
! colspan="7" style="background: lightgrey; text-align: center;"|ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ <Font Size=1px>2023/24
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|ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵔⵉⵔ
|ⵉⵎⵉⴷⴷⵣⵉ (ⴰⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡ)
|-
|ⴰⵙⵍⵡⴰⵢ
|
|-
! colspan="7" style="background: lightgrey; text-align: center;"|ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
|-
|ⵉⵚⴽⴽⵓⵜⵏ
|ⵅⵡⴰⵏ ⴳⴰⵎⴱⵔ, ⵡⴰⵍⵜⵔ ⵡⴰⵢⵍⴷ ⴷ ⴱⴰⵔⵜⵓⵎⵢⵓ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⴷⴰⵙ
|-
|ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ
|  •  (672 ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵡⵉⵜ)
|-
|ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ
|  • (778 ⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ)
|-
! colspan="7" style="background: lightgrey; text-align: center;"|ⴼ ⵓⵍⴱⴰⴱ <Font Size=1px>2023/24
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|ⴰⵙⵍⵖⵎⴰⵢ
|
|-
|ⴰⵃⵟⵟⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ (2023)
|
|-
|ⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⵜⴰⵏⵏ
|

|-
! colspan="7" style="background: lightgrey; text-align: center;"|ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ <Font Size=1px> ⴰⵔ 2024
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|ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ
|
ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ: (31)
ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵓⴱⵉⵔ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ (14)
ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ (ⵍⴰⵍⵉⴳⴰ) (27)
ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴰ ⴷⵡⴰⵔⵜⵉ (3)
ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ (2)
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|ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵉⵏ
|
ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ (5)
ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵓⴱⵉⵔ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ (5)
ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ (4)
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|ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ
|ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵉⵔⵏ (3)
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! colspan="7" style="background: lightgrey; text-align: center;"|ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ
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|ⴰⵙⴷⴷⵓⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ| 45px | 40px
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|ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵉⴱ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ|  www.fcbarcelona.com
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|}ⴰⵙⵔⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵛⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ (Futbol Club Barcelona''') ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ. ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵣⵖ ⴱⴰⵔⵛⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ, ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵖ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉⵎⵀⴷⵔⵜⵏⵙ ⵜⵡⴰⵢⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴳⵀ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⵏ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵉⴽⵀⴰⵜⵔⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵀⴷⴷⵔⵜⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓⵜⵏ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ.

ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵔⵢⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⴷⵔⵉⴷ
ⴰⵜⵍⵉⵜⵉⴽⵓ ⵎⴰⴷⵔⵉⴷ
ⴰⵙⵔⵉⵔ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵍⴰⵏⵙⵢⴰ

 ⵉⵙⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ 

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

ⵉⵙⵍⴽⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ

 ⴰⵙⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵡⵉⴱ
ⴰⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ (ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ)

ⴰⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ' (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Searching'') ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵄⴰⴱⴷⵍⵄⵣⵉⵣ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵢⵃ, ⵜⴰⵏⵇⵇⵉⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⴷⴰ ⴼ ⵢⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵇⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵙⵓⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴽⵏⴷⴰⵡⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴽⴷⴰ ⵏ "ⵓⵎⵖⴰⵔ" ⵏ ⵜⵇⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴽⵯⵔ ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵔⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴳⴳⵯⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵖⴱⵓⵍⴰ, ⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵔⵏ  ⵎⵉⵛⵛ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⴷⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴽⵏⵓ ⴰⴳⴰⵢⵢⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵊⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵏⵉⵇⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴽⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵖⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴽⴽⵕⴹⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵇⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ, ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴳⴰⵢⵢⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⴰⵇⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴳⵯⴷⵎ ⴼ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵅⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵏ ⵉⴹⵓⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵖⴰⵔ ⵉⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵅⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵏⵜ ⵍⴰⵍⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵍⵉⵜⵉⵀⴰⵍ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵖⴰⵔ.https://www.amazighnews.net/films/Asiggl.html Amazigh News (

ⴰⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ
ⵎⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⵍⵄⵟⵟⴰⵛ
ⵄⴰⴱⴷⵍⵟⵉⴼ ⵄⴰⵟⵉⴼ
ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⵡⵉⵏⵜⵉ
ⵎⵚⵟⴰⴼⴰ ⵙⵙⵖⵉⵔ
ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵃⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰ
ⵍⴰⵃⵙⵏ ⵉⴽⵜⵉⵔ
ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵍⵇⵇⵯⵔⵛⵉ
ⵎⵉⵏⴰ ⴰⵛⴰⵡⵉ
ⵟⵟⴰⵢⵉⴱ ⴱⵍⵍⵓⵛ
ⵄⵍⵉ ⵛⵓⵀⴰⴷ
ⵢⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵚⵚⴱⴰⵔ
ⵅⴰⴷⵉⵊⴰ ⵓⵛⵛⵏ
ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵙⵙⵓⵙⵉ
ⵍⴰⵃⵙⵏ ⵛⴰⵡⵛⴰⵡ
ⵅⴰⴷⵉⵊⴰ ⵙⴰⴽⴰⵔⵉⵏ
ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉⵔ
ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵊⴰⵎⵓ

ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
ⵣⵔⴰⵢⴼⴰ
ⵜⴰⵡⵙⵏⴰ
ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓ ⵙ ⵓⵃⵓⴽⴽⵓ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵏⵓⵕⴰ ⵍⵡⵍⵜⵉⵜⵉ

ⵏⵓⵕⴰ ⵍⵡⵍⵜⵉⵜⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵏⵓⵕⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵍⵉⵜⵜ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: نورة الولتيتي; ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: Noura El Oiltiti; ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ: Nuṛa Lwltiti) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵣⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵜⵍⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1989 ⵖ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ. ⵜⴱⴷⴰ ⵓⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵣⴳ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ 16 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ,نورة الولتيتي فنانة مغربية تستلهم من التراث الأمازيغي مفرداتها الإبداعية, Satv ⴷ ⵜⴷⵔⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵙ ⵉⵙⴰⵔⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵊⵓⵏⴷ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ "ⵜⵉⴱⴹⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵡⴰⵍⵉⴷⴰⵢⵏ" ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵙ ⴰⵡⵔⵉⴽ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵏⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖ ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵉⵙⴷⴷⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵜⵍⴼⴰⵣⵏ ⵖ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⴷⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵊⵓⵏⴷ "ⴱⴰⴱⴰ ⵄⵍⵉ" ⴷ "ⵓⵕⵊⵓ" ⴷ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⴰⵙ". ⴷ ⵖ ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2023, ⵜⵖⵜⵙ ⴰⵏⵜⵉⵜⵜⵉ ⴼ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴱⴷⴰ ⵖ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ.نورة الولتيتي: ابتعدت عن الفن للتقرب من الله وعشت ضغوطات نفسية عجلت قراري, ⵎⴰⴷⴰⵔ24https://satv.ma/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7.html#google_vignette

ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵙⴽⵓⴳⵕⴰⴼⵉⵜ
 ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⵣⵡⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵏⵏⵉⵊⵜ ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ1ⵖ ⴷⴰⵔⵉ

ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ
 ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖⴰⵏⴰⵡ1ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏⴰⵎⵙⴷⴷⵉ2ⵓⵕⵊⵓⴰⵎⵙⴷⴷⵉ3ⴱⴰⴱⴰ ⵄⵍⵉⴰⵎⵙⴷⴷⵉ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⵉⴱⴹⵉⵜ ⵍⵡⴰⵍⵉⴷⴰⵢⵏ

ⵜⵉⴱⴹⵉⵜ ⵍⵡⴰⵍⵉⴷⴰⵢⵏ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⴷⵕⴰⵎⵉ ⴼ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ, ⵉⴼⴰⵖⴷ ⵖ ⴷⵉ ⴼⵉ ⴷⵉ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2007, ⵙ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵓⴼⵉⵙⴰⵡⵏⴷ ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵔⵢⵓ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵃⵙⵏ ⵙⵔⵃⴰⵏ.تبضيت الوالدين شريط سينمائي جديد بالأمازيغة, ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵃⵔⴰ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵉⵥⴰⵕ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ ⵏⵓⵕⴰ ⵍⵡⴰⵍⵜⵉⵜⵉ, ⵎⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⴱⵉⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵎⵉⴷ  ⵉⵄⵛⵛⴰⵇⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵣⴰⵀⵢⴰ ⵣⴰⵀⵉⵔⵉ, ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵙⵙⵓⵙⵉ, ⵕⴰⴱⵉⵄⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵕⴰⵕⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵉⵏ 10 (ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵓ 2005)

ⴱⵉⵏ 10 (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Ben 10) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⴷⴷⵉ ⴰⵜⵍⴼⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵓⵖⵏ ⵉⵜⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵙ ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵏ ⵓⴼ ⴰⴽⵛⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵔⵜⵓⵏ ⵏⵉⵜⵡⵓⵔⴽ ⵙⵜⵓⴷⵢⵓⵣ, ⴷ ⴰⴱⴹⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵏⵔ ⴱⵔⴰⴷⵔⵣ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵉⵣⵢⵓⵏ ⵙⵜⵓⴷⵢⵓⵣ. ⵉⴱⴷⴰ ⴹⵓⵔⵜ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 27 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2005 ⵖ ⴽⴰⵔⵜⵓⵏ ⵏⵉⵜⵡⵓⵔⴽ ⵣⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵍⵖⵉⴷⵢⵓ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍⵏ ⵖ "ⵙⵏⵉⴽ ⴱⵉⴽ ⵡⵉⴽ", ⴷ ⵉⴱⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⵉⵢⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵥⵓⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵖ ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 13 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2006. ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵇⴰⴷⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 15 ⴰⴱⵔⵉⵍ 2008.

ⵜⴰⵏⵇⵇⵉⵙⵜ
ⴱⵉⵏⵊⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵏⵉⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵔⵓⵅ ⵉⵎⵥⵉⵏ ⵏ 10 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ« The Story Ben 10 [ⴰⵔⵛⵉⴼ] », ⵖ Bandai ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵔⵊⵓⵏ ⴰⵢⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⵢⴰⵡⵙ ⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵖ ⴰⵣⴰⵣⵣⵔ, ⵖ ⵜⴰⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴱⵓⴱⴰⵣⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵡⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⴷⴰⴷⴷⴰ ⵙⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⴽⵙ. ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴰⵔⵉⴼⵜⵓ ⴱⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⵉⵏ, ⵜⴹⴹⵕ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⴱⵏ ⵣⴳ ⵉⴳⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⵉⵇⵕⵕⴱⴰⵙ ⴱⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⴽ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⴽ ⵙⵉⵖ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⴰⵜ ⵖ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵙⴰⵜ ⴱⵍⴰ ⴰⵢⵇⵚⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵙⵓⵍ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⴰⵙⵜⵉⴽⵉⵙ. ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵙ "ⵓⵎⵏⵉⵜⵔⵉⴽⵙ" ⴰⵔⵜⵙⵃⵡⵡⴰⵍ ⴱⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ, ⴽⵓⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴳⴳⴰⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵎⵓ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵢⵙⴽⵔ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ

ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Technology) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵉⴽⵜ, ⵜⵓⵎⴰ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ «ⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓ/Τεχνο» ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵓ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ" ⵏⵉⵖ "ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ" ⵏⵉⵖ "ⴰⴼⵓⴽⵙ", ⴷ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ «ⵍⵓⵊⵢⴰ/λογία» ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ "ⵜⵉⵖⵓⵔⵉ" ⵏⵉⵖ "ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ". ⵏⵔⵎⵙ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ (ⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵔⵉⴽⵜ) ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ "ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜ", ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵥⵕⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵎⴰⴽ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵉ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⴷ.
ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴼ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⴼ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴼ ⴳⵯⵎⴰⵙ, ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵓⵢⴽⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ, ⵣⵓⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵢⵔⵣⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵯⵎⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵎⴰ'ⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⴽⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⴰⵏⵏ. ⴰⵡⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵜⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵚⴽⴽⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵕⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵓⴳⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴷⴳⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵄⵓⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵕⴰⵏ.

ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
 ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ
 ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ
 ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⴱⴰⴷⴷⴰⵣ

ⴰⴱⴰⴷⴷⴰⵣ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵙⴽⵙⵓ ⵖ ⵓⵏⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵖ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵎⵉⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ, ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴼⵉ, ⴷ ⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵜⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⵏ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
100 (ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ)

100 (ⵜⵉⵎⵉⴹⵉ) ⴷ ⵓⵎⵎⵉⴷ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵏ 99 ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵔ  ⵉ 101. 
ⴰⵎⵎⵔⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵎⵓⵍ
ⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ
ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ
ⵥⵔ ⴰⵍⵜⵓ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ

ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⵟ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⴷⵕⴰⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵉ ⵙⵉ ⴷⵉ, ⵙ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵓⴼⵉⵙⴰⵡⵏⴷ, ⴰⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴱⴰⵏⴽⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵔⵢⵓ ⵏ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵍⵃⵏⵏⵓⴹⵉ. ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵉⵥⴰⵕ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵃⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵊⵓⵟⵟⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵓⵛⵛⴰⵏ, ⵄⵉⵛⴰ ⴱⵓⵍⵃⵓⵊⵊⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵉⵢⴽⵔⴽⴰⵔ, ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕⵉ, ⵙⵓⵄⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⵏⴰⵔⵓⵣ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ." Film Tachelhit - Argaz Nkrat timgharine -فيلم تشلحيت - اركاز نكراط تمغارين" , ⵢⵓⵜⵢⵓⴱ 

ⴰⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ

ⵉⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ

 ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵃⵎⴰⵜⴰ - ⵍⵃⴰⵊⵊ
 ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵊⵓⵟⴰⵏ - ⵥⵥⵀⵕⴰ
 ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵓⵛⵛⴰⵏ - ⵚⵚⴼⵉⵢⴰ
 ⵄⵉⵛⴰ ⴱⵓⵍⵃⵓⵊⵊⴰⵜ - ⵏⴰⵄⵉⵎⴰ
 ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵉⵢⴽⵔⴽⴰⵔ - ⵅⴷⴷⵓⵊ
 ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕⵉ - ⵄⵉⵚⴰⵎ
 ⵙⵓⵄⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⵏⴰⵔⵓⵣ - ⵔⵇⵉⵢⴰ

ⵉⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ

 ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉ
 ⵚⵚⴼⵉⵢⴰ ⵃⵉⵎⵉ
 ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵍⵃⵏⵏⵓⴹⵉ
 ⵄⴱⴷⵕⵃⵎⴰⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵃⵉⵎ
 ⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⵍⵓⵟⴼⵉ
 ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ ⴰⵛⵜⵓⴽ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵃⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰ

ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵃⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1948 ⵖ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵃⴰⵡⵣ, ⵉⴱⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1995 ⴳ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⴼⵇⵇⵉⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴱⵍⵉⵙ" ⵙ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵍⵃⵏⵏⵓⴹⵉ, ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵄⴱⴱⵔ ⵜⵥⵥⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2004 ⵢⵓⵔⵔⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ "ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ", ⴷ ⵣⴳ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ.

ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵃⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1948 ⵖ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, ⵎⴰⵛ ⵍⴰⵚⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵣⴳ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ. ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵜⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵍⴼⵇⵇⵉⵀ, ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ. ⵉⴼⴰⵖ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵜⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ 12 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ. ⵉⵣⵎⴻⵎⵎ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵉⵔⴷⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⴼⵉⵣⵢⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵍⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵜⴷⵔⴰⵔⵉ. ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵏⵏⵊ ⵖ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵡⴰⴳⵏⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ "70", ⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵔ ⴰⵢⵥⵓⵔ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵙⵔ ⵍⴰⵍⴱⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ. ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵉⵥⵓⵕ ⵎⴰⵢⵓⵜⵉⵏ 20 ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵜ, ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ.

ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵉⵙⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵃⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵖ ⵎⴰ ⵢⵓⵜⵉⵏ 85 ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ:

 ⵜⴰⴼⵇⵇⵉⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴱⵍⵉⵙ - ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵍⵃⵏⵏⵓⴹⵉ (1995‌)
 ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ - ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴱⴰⵏⴽⵓ (2004)
 ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵇⵕⵕⴰⵏ - ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵄⵣⵉⵣ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵢⵃ (2009‌)
 ⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵜⵏ - ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵄⵣⵉⵣ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵢⵃ (2010)
 ⵣⵕⴰⵢⴼⴰ - ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵄⵣⵉⵣ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵢⵃ (2010)
 ⵜⴰⵡⵙⵏⴰ - ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵄⵣⵉⵣ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵢⵃ (2012‌)
 ⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ - ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵄⵣⵉⵣ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵢⵃ (2012)
 ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵏⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ - ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⴱⵉⵢⵊⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏ
 ⴰⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ - ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵄⵣⵉⵣ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵢⵃ (2015)

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ

ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵡⴰⵣⵉⵜ: eSwatini; ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Eswatini), ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵡⴰⵣⵉⵜ: Umbuso weSwatini; ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Kingdom of Eswatini), ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵍⵓⴱⴰⵎⴱⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⵎⴱⴰⴱⴰⵏⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴼ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵙⵡⴰⵜⵉ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵏ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ 19. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⴱⵕⵉⵟⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵡⵔⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ 19.

ⵜⴳⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 200 ⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔ ⵣⵖ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵥⵓⵍ, ⴷ 130 ⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔ ⵣⵖ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⴰⵔ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ. ⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍⵏⵜ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⴰⵢⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴻⵟⵟⴼ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴳⴳⵯⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ. ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵔⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⴳⴰⵏⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵣⴰⴱⵉⵇ. ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴳⴰⵏⵜⵏⵜ ⵎⴱⴰⴱⴰⵏⵉ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵣⵉⵏⵉ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵜ.

ⵖ 19 ⴰⴱⵔⵉⵍ 2018, ⵉⴱⵔⵔⵃ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⵙⵡⴰⵜⵉ ⵡⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⴼⵍ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵡⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵏⴷ ⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ.. ⵢⴰⵜ ⵣⵖ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵎⵎⵉⵔⵡⵉⵙ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵙⵡⵉⵙⵔⴰ (Switzerland).

 ⵜⵉⵟⵟⵉt ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ 
ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵅⴼ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ: Hhohho, Lumobo, Manzini ⴷ shiselweni. ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ''Tinkhudla''. ⴰⵔ ⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵏⴰⴹⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ 'inkhudla'. ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏⵜ ⴷⵖ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵥⵍⵉ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ, ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⴰⵃⵢⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴳ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ, ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⴰⵏⵏ 'tinkhundla. ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ 12 ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ 5 ⵏ tinkhundla.
ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ
(km2)ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ
(ⴰⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ 2017)Count from 2017 Census, UNFPA1HhohhoMbabane3,625.17320,6512ManziniManzini4,093.59355,9453LubomboSiteki5,849.11212,5314ShiselweniNhlangano3,786.71204,111

 ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ 
ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ:
ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜⴰⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ 1986ⴰⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ 1997ⴰⴹⴽⴰⴹ ⵏ 2005ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ1.Manzini46,05878,734110,537Manzini2.Mbabane38,29057,99276,218Hhohho3.Big Bend9,6769,37410,342Lubombo4.Malkerns4,8307,4009,724Manzini5.Nhlangano4,1076,5409,016Shiselweni6.Mhlume6,5097,6618,652Lubombo7.Hlutin.a.5,8066,763Shiselweni8.Simunye8,7625,6336,512Lubombo9.Siteki2,2714,1576,152Lubombo10.Piggs Peak3,2234,5815,750Hhohho11.Lobamban.a.3,6254,557Manzini12.Ngomanen.a.3,9024,511Lubombo13.Vuvulanen.a.3,5944,155Lubombo14.Mpaka1,0072,1443,586Lubombo15.Kwalusenin.a.2,7013,395Manzini16.Bhunya3,3612,6503,046Manzini17.Mhlambanyatsi2,0752,5532,886Manzini18.Mondi2,8862,7032,872Hhohho19.Tabankulu4,6512,5512,815Lubombo20.Hlatikulu1,2762,0762,748Shiselweni21.Bulembu4,8502,4432,260Hhohho22.Kubutan.a.1,7502,038Shiselweni23.Tjaneni3,6822,2501,899Lubombo24.Sidvokodvo1,3391,5281,746Manzini25.Lavumisa8501,1171,300Shiselweni26.Ngwenya4458421,281Hhohho27.Nsoko2,8689631,175Lubombo28.Mankayane9131,0401,144Manzini

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ:ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵇⵜ
ⵍⵇⵉⵍⵄⴰ

ⵍⵇⵍⵉⵄⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵣⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵍⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵔ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵍⵍⵓⵍ ⴷ ⴱⵉⵢⴳⵯⵔⴰ.

ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴽⵜⴰ
ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2014 ⵎⴰⵙRGPH 2014 - Site HCP:

ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ

 ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵇⵓⴱⴱⴰⵏⵉⵜ (ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ) : 32,7%
 ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵖⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴷⵉ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ : 10,4%

ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ

 ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ : 49,8%
 ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⵓⵔⵉ (ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ) : 13,9%
 ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵍⵎⵅⵣⵏ (ⵏⵖ ⴽⴰⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ) : 4,5%
 ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ (ⵏⵖ ⴽⴰⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ) : 58,9%

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ

ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴽⴰⵎ ⴷⴳⵍⵉ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⴰⵏ ⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽⵉⵏ. ⴷⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ, ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ.

ⵙ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⴰⵎ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ., ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⴱⵔⵉⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ, ⴷ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵔⵉⴽ ⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵉⵣⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍⵏ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵏ. ⵅⴼ ⵜⵉⵏⴷⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵣⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵡⵇⵇⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵍⴳⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵏⵏⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴹⴰⵕⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 20 ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⴽⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵖⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵓⵔ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ 3, 2018.. 

ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⵍⵡⵉ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵏ

 ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵜⵉⵜ: ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵜⵉ ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵔⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ, ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1776.
 ⵜⴰⵙⴼⵔⵓⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ: ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵙⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵉⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ, ⵄⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵖⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ .

ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵏ

 ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵢⴰⵔⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⵔⵔⴰⵏ
 ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⴳⵔⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵔⵅⴰ ⵓⵙⵏⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ
 ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵖⵣⵣⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵇⵓⴹⴰⴹ

ⴰⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ
ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ, ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴰⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵡⵇⵇⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵓⵃⵢⵓ ⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵏⴹⴼⵓⵕ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ.
ⵥⵕ ⴰⵡⴷ

 ⴰⵣⵔⴼ.
 ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵣⴰⴳⵣ.
 ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ
 ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵉⵎⵙⵡⴰⵏ

ⵉⵎⵙⵡⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵉⴼⵓⵙⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵜⴹⴼⵕ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵉⴷⴰⵡⵜⴰⵏⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⵜ. ⵜⴰⴳⵓⴳ ⵙ 83 Km ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⴷ 100 km ⴷ  ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ. 

ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴽⵜⴰ
ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2014 ⵎⴰⵙRGPH 2014 - Site HCP:

ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ

 ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵇⵓⴱⴱⴰⵏⵉⵜ (ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ) : 44,2%
 ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵖⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴷⵉ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ : 3,7%

ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ

 ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ : 38,4%
 ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⵓⵔⵉ (ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ) : 5,9%
 ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵍⵎⵅⵣⵏ (ⵏⵖ ⴽⴰⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ) : 3,4%
 ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ (ⵏⵖ ⴽⴰⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ) : 71,6%

ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ

ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⴰⵍ
ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔ ⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵃⴰⵊⵉⵜ "ⴰⵚⵎⵎⵉⴹ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ" ⵙ ⵓⴹⵖⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⴰⵏ.

ⵖⵉⴷ

ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ
 ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⴰⵏ
 ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵏⵜ
 ⵟⵉⵍⴹⵉ
...

ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ
ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ (ⵏ ⵜⵃⴰⵊⵉⵜ "ⴰⵚⵎⵎⵉⴹ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ")

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ

ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵓⵣⵔⵉⴼⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⵛⵓⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵣⵎⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵟⵟⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵍⵙⵏ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵜⵓⵣⵔⵉⴼⵜ .

ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵣⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵃⵉ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵓⵣⵔⴰⵢⵜ , ⵏⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ .

ⵜⴰⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ
ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ, ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵉⵏ, ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⴽⴰⵕ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ, ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵜⴰⵥⵕⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴰⴽ, ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴹⴼⵕ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵕⴹ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ. ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰ ⵖⴼ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⴰⵢⵜ ⵉ ⴽⵓ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴷ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ.

ⵉⵙⴽⵏⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ

ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ , ⵉⵟⴰⴼ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⵔⴰⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴳⴰⵎ.
ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⴳⵓⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏⵙ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵊⵉⵙⵜⵢⴰⵏ (ⴰⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⴱⵉⵣⴰⵏⵜⵉ ⵉⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵉⴳⵯⵓⵔⴰⵎⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵍⴳⵓⵎⵏ ⴹⴼⵓⵕⵜⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ), ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵍⴳⵓⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵏⴰⴱⵓⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ.
ⵏⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⵜ ⵏⴰⴼ ⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⵎⴽⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⴰⵎ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ . ⴷ ⵏⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ ⵉⵜⵓⵣⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵇⵓⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ.
ⵉⵥⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⵙ

ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏⴰⴱⵓⵍⵢⵓⵏ

ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ

 ⴰⵣⵔⴼ
 ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵙⵙⵓⵙⵉ

ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵙⵙⵓⵙⵉ (ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ 1969 ⵖ ⵉⵙⴽⵙⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵓⵜ) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. 

ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ

ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ

 ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵍⴰ (2006)
 ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ (2009)
 ⵡⴰⴽ ⵡⴰⴽ ⴰⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ (2011)
 ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵙ
 ⵉⴳⵉⴳⵉⵍⵏ
 ⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴼⵇⵇⵉⵔⵜ
 ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵖ ⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ
 ⴱⵓⵣⵏⴱⵉⵍ
 ⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ
 ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵇⵕⵕⴰⵏ
 ⴱⴰⵀⵉⵊⴰ ⴷ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ
 ⵜⵉⴱⴹⵉⵜ ⵍⵡⴰⵍⵉⴷⴰⵢⵏ
 ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵉⵍⵍⴰⵢ

ⵉⵎⵙⴷⴷⵉⵜⵏ

 ⵜⵍⴰ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ - ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵍⵃⵏⵏⵓⴹⵉ
 ⴰⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ - ⵎⵚⵟⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⵛⴰⵡⵓⵔ (2020)
 ⴱⴰⴱⴰ ⵄⵍⵉ - ⵎⵚⵟⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⵛⴰⵡⵓⵔ (2021-2024)

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ

ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ,ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵎⵙⵓⴼⵖⵏ ⵏⵙ.

ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ

ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ

ⴰⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵉⵏ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ

ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⴹⵉⵜ: (ⵜⴳⵔⵉⴽⵜ: lδημοκρατία dēmokratía ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ: «ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴷⴰⵏ») ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵏⵎⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴳⵉⴷⴷⵉ - ⵏⵉⵛⴰⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵜⵙ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⵎⵔ, ⴰⵙⴱⵓⵖⵓⵍⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ. ⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵉⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴽⵔⵜ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⴳⴰⴷⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵖⵜⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ.ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⴹⵉⵜ ⴰⵙⵖⵓⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⵜⴳⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵡⵇⵇⵔ ⵏ  ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⴼⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴽⵕⴹⵉ. ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⴹⵉⵜ ⵢⵉⵜⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵜⵉⴽⴰⵍ  ⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⵄⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏⵉⵖ  ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ. ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⴹⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵍⵙ ⵉⵙ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵙⵏⵄⴰⵜ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴱⵣⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵔⴰ. ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵊⴳⵓⴳⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⴹⵉⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⵉⴽ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⴹⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⴹⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ .

ⵓⴼⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ

ⵜⵉⵥⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ

ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
 ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⵓⴼⵜ
 ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ
ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ

ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ (ⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ: φυσική (ἐπιστήμη) physikḗ (epistḗmē); ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⵎⴰ) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵔⵎⵙ ⵜⴼⵔⵓ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ. ⵏⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⵉⴹⴰⵡⵡⵕⵏ.

ⵥⵕ ⴰⵡⴷ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵎⵉⵏⴰ ⵍⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍⵉ

ⵎⵉⵏⴰ ⵍⵀⵉⵍⴰⵍⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴱⴱⴰ ⵎⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵜⴱⴷⴰ ⴰⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1990 ⵣⴳ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⴱⵓⵡⵉⵣⴳⴰⵔⵏ. 

ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ

 ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ - ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⴱⵓⵡⵉⵣⴳⴰⵔⵏ (1990)
 ⵜⵉⵀⵉⵢⴰ - (1994)
 ⵜⴰⴳⵓⴹⵉ
 ⵍⵉⵜⵜⵉⵀⴰⵍ ⵓⵎⵖⴰⵔ
 ⴰⵊⵎⵉⵍ ⵍⵖⵕⴹ
 ⴰⵏⴰⵔⵓⵣ
 ⵍⵀⴰⵢⴽⴰⵍ
 ⴷⴷⵓⵏⵉⵜ ⵓⵔⴳⵉⵙ ⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ
 ⵍⴽⵏⵣ ⵓⵔⵉⵜⴽⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ 3
 ⵍⵄⴱⴰⵔ ⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ
 ⴷⴰⴷⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ
 ⵉⴹⴰⵍⴰⵏ
 ⵍⴼⴰⵎⵉⵍⴰ
 ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ
 ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ
 ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ
 ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵚⵚⴱⵔ ⴰⵢⵜⵔⴱⴰⵃⵏ
 ⵍⵓⵚⵉⵢⵜ
 ⵙⴰⵎⵃⵉⵢⵉ ⴰⵢⵡⵉ ⵃⵏⵏⴰ
 ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵟⵟⵎⵄ
 ⵍⵄⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⵉⵜ - ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⵙⵔⵃⴰⵏ (2006) "Mariage Amazigh - تقاليد العرس الامازيغي ", ⵢⵓⵜⵢⵓⴱ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⴱⵔⴷⴰⵡⵣ

ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⴱⵔⴷⴰⵡⵣ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1955 ⵖ ⵉⵏⵣⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⵜ, ⵉⴱⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1996 ⴳ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ "ⵜⵉⵢⵜⵉ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏ".

ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ

ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ

 ⵜⵉⵢⵜⵢ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏ - (1996)
 ⴰⵊⵎⵉⵍ ⵍⵖⵔⴷ - (1998)
 ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵡⵉⴷⵏ - (2000)

 ⵃⵎⵎⵓ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵉⵔ - (2003)
 ⵜⵓⴼ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵔⵜ - (2003)
 ⴰⵎⵓⴷ - (2004)
 ⵍⴽⵏⵣ ⵓⵔⵉⵜⴽⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ - (2004-2007)
 ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ - (2005)
 ⵉⴳⵓⴷⴰⵔ - (2006)
 ⴰⵏⴰⵔⵓⵣ - (2007)
 ⴳⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵕⵉⵇ - (2007)
 ⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⴼⵇⵇⵉⵔ - (2007)
 ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ - (2007)
 ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓ ⵙ ⵓⵃⵓⴽⴽⵓ - (2007)
 ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵓⵃⵜ ⵍⵡⴰⵍⵉⴷⴰⵢⵏ - (2007)
 ⵍⵃⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⵓⴼ ⵍⵄⴰⵕ - (2008)
 ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ - (2008)
 ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵇⵕⵕⴰⵏ - (2009)
 ⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵜⵏ - (2010)
 ⵣⵔⴰⵢⴼⴰ - (2011)
 ⵜⴰⵡⵙⵏⴰ - (2011)
 ⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ - (2012)
 ⴰⵍⵎⵓⴷ ⵓⵚⴹⵕ - (2014)
 ⵓⴷⵎ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ - (2016)
 ⵟⵟⵎⵄ ⵟⴰⵄⵓⵏ - (2017)

ⵉⵎⵙⴷⴷⵉⵜⵏ

 ⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵉ - (2012)
 ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ - (2013)
 ⵜⴰⵎⵎⵏⵜ ⵉⵔⵣⴰⴳⵏ - (2015)
 ⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵔⵓⴼⴰⵏ - (2016)
 ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴷⴷⵔⵏⵉⵏ - (2017)
 ⴰⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ - (2019)
 ⴱⴰⴱⴰ ⵄⵍⵉ - (2021-ⵖⵉⵍⴰ)

ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ

 ⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵙⵓⵙ - ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵇⵓⴹⴰⴹ ⴳ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵍⵍⵓⵍ 2004
 ⴰⵡⵜⵎ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ - ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ 2007
 ⴰⵡⵜⵎ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ - ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ 2009
 ⴰⵡⵜⵎ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ - ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ 2012
 ⴰⵡⵜⵎ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ - ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ 2014

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜⵓⴼⵔ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵓⵙ

ⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜⵓⴼⵔ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵓⵙ (ⵙ ⵜⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉⵜ: Christophorus Columbus; 1451 - 20 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 1506) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵄⵣⵣⴰⴱ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵉⵏⵉⴳ ⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⴽⴰⵜⵓⵍⵉⴽ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴰⴱⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵜⵉⵢⴰ ⴷ ⴼⵉⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵏⴷ ⵏ ⴰⵔⴰⴳⵓⵏ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⵡⵕⵓⴱⴱⵉ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵡⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⵙ ⴽⴰⵔⵢⵉⴱⵉ, ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⵉⴽⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1492. ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵓⵎⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵓⵙ ⴰⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵉⴽⵜ, ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⴷ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵉⵏ ⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⴰⵢⴽⵉⵏⴳⵏ ⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵜⵜ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ.الفايكنج.. من بداية القصة.. لاكتشاف أمريكا.. والإسلام.. حتى النهاية

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⴰⵔⴰⴽ ⵓⴱⴰⵎⴰ

ⴱⴰⵔⴰⴽ ⵓⴱⴰⵎⴰ  ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵍⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 4 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 1961 (ⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ 23 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓ 2911) ⴳ ⵀⵓⵏⵓⵍⵓⵍⵓ, ⵀⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ.

 ⵉⵙⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ 

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ

thumb
ⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ  ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴰⵇ, ⴷ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵉⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ, ⴷ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵉⵡⵙⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵉⵏ."What is the Universe". ⵏⴰⵣⴰ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ)

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵕⵕⴰⵢⵙ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵊⴰⵏⵟⵉ

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵛⵜⵓⴽⵏ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1900 ⵉⵙⵡⴰ ⴷ ⴳ  ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ  ⵏ ⵕⵕⵡⴰⵢⵙ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵓⵟⴰⵕ ⴷ ⵔⵔⵉⴱⴰⴱ ⴳⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ.

ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵜ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵢⵓⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵛⵜⵓⴽⵏ, ⵉⵍⵎⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉ  ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵓⵍ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵎⵏⴽ ⴰ ⵙ ⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⵉⵖⵜⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴼⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⴱⴱⵛ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⴳⵯⵎⴰⵙ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵙⴳ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ, ⵙ ⵉⵔⴼⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵃⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⵙ "ⵊⵓⵏⵟⵉ" ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵏⵓ. 

ⵉⴷⴷⵔ  ⵊⴰⵏⵟⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵏ, ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴳⵔ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ  ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ, ⵜⴼⴷⴰⴷⴷⵉ ⴷ  ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ, ⵢⴰⵙⵉ  ⵔⵔⵉⴱⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⵓⵔⵔⵓⵢ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵍⵇⵢⵓⴷ. 

ⴰⵔ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⵊⴰⵏⵟⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵔⵔⵓⵢ, ⵙ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖ ⵓⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ, ⵉⵖⵜⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⵓⵔⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⵇⵇⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵖⵣⵓ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵏⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⴼⴰ  ⴷ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1953. 

ⵉⵙⵓⵍ ⵊⴰⵏⵟⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ  ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵃⵎⵍ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵉⵏ  ⴷ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴷⴷⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ  ⵜⵏⵣⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵉⵏ  ⵉⵜⵜⵣⵎⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴳ. ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵡⵉⵣⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵓⴳⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴳ  ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1975  ⵜⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ.
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ(ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) : ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)
ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ

ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵏⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰ ⵜⵉⴷ ⵏⵙⵏⴰⵃⵢⵓ ⵅⴼ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴰⵔ ⵙ ⴰⵏⵏⵍⵉ, ⴷ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵓⵛⵛⵍⵏ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵃⵢⵓⴹ ⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⴰⵡⵔⵉⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏⵜ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⴰⵡⵔⵉⴽ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵜⵜⵓ ⵉⵣⵓⵛⵛⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵔⵉⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵎ: ⵉⵖ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴳⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵡⴰⴷ ⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵜ ⵙⴰⵙⵡⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵜⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ
ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵜⵜⵓ ⵅⴼ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷاسحاق ابراهيم منصور ،نظريتا القانون والحق وتطبيقاتهما في القوانين الجزائرية ،ديوان المطبوعات الجامعية ،الجزائر ،1999 .ص:221.220:
 ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ: ⵏⵖ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵜⵜⵓ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ, ⴰⵙⴳⴷ ⵏⵖ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵔ.
 ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ: ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵏⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ.
 ⴰⵏⵙⴰ: ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⵏⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜ ⵏⴰⴼ.
 ⴰⵏⵓⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵕⵉⴹⵏ.
 ⵜⵉⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ.

ⴳ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ
ⵉⵕⵅⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵥⵍⵉ ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎ, ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴼⵙⵓⵙⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵔⵉⴽ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⵔⵉⴽ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ, ⵓⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ: ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉ, ⵉⵙⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ, ⵜⴰⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹⴰⵙⵉⴷⴼ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵕⵉ  ⵅⴼ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ, ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵚⵖⵉⵔ ⴱⵄⵍⵉ, ⴷⴰⵔ ⵍⵄⵓⵍⵓⵎ, 2006..

ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ
ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ. ⴰⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵎ ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ, ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ, ⵜⴰⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ, ⴷ ⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ.

ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ
ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⵓⵙ ⵙⵡⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵏⵉⵖ ⵙⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵎ:

 ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵡⵊⴰⵡⴰⵏ: ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⵉⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ 
 ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏ: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵉ ⵎⴻⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵡⵇⵇⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ 64 ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ ⴰⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉ, ⴷ  ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ 36,21..
 ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ:  ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵓⵙⴱⴰⴱ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵜⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵏⵉⵖ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵏⴰⴼⵓⵜ.

ⴰⵏⵙⴰ
ⵥⵕ ⴰⵡⴷ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ(ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) : ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)