ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ

ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ(ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ) https://books.google.co.ma/books/about/Tamedoult.html?id=pj5hmwEACAAJ&redir_esc=y ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ(ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ): https://books.google.co.ma/books/about/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7.html?id=XMRswwEACAAJ&redir_esc=y(ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ): https://lakome2.com/culture/244324/ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ, (ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔⴰⵏ: [ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵡⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ] ⵏⵖ [ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵡⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ]) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵏⵖⵓⴱⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ, ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⵙ 13 ⵉⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ. ⵉⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴽⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵓⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴱⴽⵔⵉ, ⵍⵢⴰⵄⵇⵓⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ (ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵍⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ) ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 16 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵅⵍⴰ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ.

thumb |ⵉⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ
thumb |ⵉⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴽⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵏ

 ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵥⵖⵕⵜ 
ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ" ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ "ⴽⵉⵜⴰⴱ ⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⵎⴰ" ⵏ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵔⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1146 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵔⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ "ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ" ⵜⴳⴰ "ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ".

 ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ 
ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵎⵓⵙⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵓ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ, ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ, ⴰⵖⵎⴰⵜ, ⵏⵏⴼⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵚⵎⵓⴹⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⵥⵎⵓⴹⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⵇⵇⴱⵓⵕ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⴷ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵓ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ (ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴱⵏ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ) ⵉⵙ ⴽⴰ ⵢⵓⵍⵙ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵏⵉⵇⵏ. ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 9, ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⴱⵓⵕⵏ.

ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵓⵔ ⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ. ⴰⵢⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ: ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ (ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵙⵉⵢⵏ), ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵎ'ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴹⴰⵕⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵙ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ. 

ⴱⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵃⵏⴷⴰⵢⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ), ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⴰⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ ⴷ ⴹⴰⵕⴰⵜ ⵓⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵙ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵃⵏⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵚⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵡⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴷⴰ ⴳ ⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ. ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵓⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵏⵉⵇⵏ, ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵕⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ, ⵜⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵎⵓⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⴰⵖⵓⵙⵜ.

 ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵖⵉⵣⵏ 
thumb |ⵉⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ
ⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵓⵜⵏⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⴷⴷⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⴷⴷⵊ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵚⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ. ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ, ⵣⵣⵏⴳ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ. ⵜⴰⵍⵄⴷⴷⴰⴷⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵖⵉⵣ (ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⵣⵖⵓⵣ) ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵕⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵙⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⵓⴼⵓⵖⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵍⵜ. ⵉⵎⵖⵉⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ ⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵄⴷⴷⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴳⵉⵍⵉⵣ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵡⴷⴰⴷⵏ.

ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵉⵏ, ⵙⴰⵡⵍⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵎⵣⵔⵢ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵖⵓⵣ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⵍⴱⴽⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵟⵡⴰⵟ, ⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.

 ⴹⴰⵕ ⵙⵙⴽⴽⴰ 
ⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵕⴽⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵉⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏⵜ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⴹⴰⵕ ⵙⵙⴽⴽⴰ. ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⴳⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵎⵉ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ "ⵍⵔⵉⴰⴹ" ⵏⵖ "ⵍⵇⵕⴰⵕⵉⵜ". ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ, ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏ ⴰ ⵅⴼ ⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵜⴰⵕⴽⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵙ. (ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ) : https://sawtkom.ma/2403.html

 ⵉⴳⵔⵔⴰⵎⵏ 
thumb |ⴰⵙⵎⴹⵍ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵛⵏⴰⵡⵉⵍ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ 
ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⵔⴰⵎ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⴱⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵔⵔⴰⵎ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵡⵏ. ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵎ'ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⵔⴰⵎ ⵓⴷⴰⵢ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵚⴰⵎⵡⵉⵍ ⵛⵏⴰⵡⵉⵍ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵓⵣⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵛⵏⴰⵡⵉⵍ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵎ'ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵎⴹⵍ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ. ⴰⴳⵔⵔⴰⵎ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵍⵇⴱⴱⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⴹⵍ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼⵏ, ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ 6 ⵉⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓⵜⵏ. ⴰⵔ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵍⵎⵄⵕⵓⴼ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵔⵔⴰⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ, ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⴳⵔⵔⴰⵎ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⵓⵊⵊⵉ.

 ⴰⵔⴷⴰⵍ 
thumb |ⴰⵙⵎⴹⵍ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵏⵙ
ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵔⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵢ  ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉⵏⵉⵢ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ, ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵅⵏⴷⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⴰⵡⵉⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⵉⵡⴷⴷⵊⴰⵏ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⴷⵍ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ. 

ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ: (ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ): https://mafaman.yoo7.com/t412-topic
ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴰⵡⵡⴰⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵉⵄⴷⵍⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵏⵙ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵙⵎⴹⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⵔ ⵉⵖⵛⵛⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵀⴰⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵏⵙ ⴰⴳⵔⵔⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴷⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴹⴰⵍ(ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ): https://books.google.co.ma/books/about/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%88.html?id=5PTqPQAACAAJ&redir_esc=y, ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵏⵙ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ 7 ⵏ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵙⵙⵍⴽⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ, ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵏⵙ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴽⴽⵔⵣ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵣⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⵢⵢⴰⴽ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⴼⴽⴰⵢⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⴽⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵉ ⵉ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ (ⴳ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵙ), ⵎⵎⴰⴳⴳⴰⵔⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⴽⴽⵙⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⴽⵍⵉ ⵙⵙⵍⴽⵓⵏ ⵜⵜ, ⵜⴰⴹⵓ ⵙ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵙ, ⵜⴼⴽ ⴰⵙⵏⴷ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵉⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵉⵎⴽⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴽⴽⵙⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵉⵛⵉⵔⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵙ 7 ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ, ⵜⴼⴽ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⴽⵍⵉ ⵜⴳⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵍⴰⵎⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵉ ⵉⵎⴽⵍⵉ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⴽⴽⵙⵏ ⵉⵛⵉⵔⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ. ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ, ⵉⵣⵣⴼ ⵉⵎⴽⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴼⵏⵏ ⵉⵍⴰⵎⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵓⵎ ⵉⵍⵎⴰ ⵢⵉⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ: 

ⵜⵔⴰⵔ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ, ⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ:

ⵉⵍⴽⵎⵏⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵏⵙ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ, ⵢⴰⴼ ⵜ ⵏⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵙⵙⵉⴱⵄ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴱⴰ, ⵉⵙⴽⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ  ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ ⵉ ⵜⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ: ⵉⵙ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵛⵛⴰⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ, ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵯ ⴷ ⵜⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰ, ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ:

ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⴷ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵏⵙ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ: 

ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵏⵙ:

ⵢⴰⵍⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵉ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵏⵙ:

ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵏⵙ:

ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ:

ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵏⵙ:

ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ:

ⵉⴱⵔⵔⵃ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵙ:

ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵙⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵓⵃⵡⴰⵛ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ, ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ, ⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵓ ⵢⵓⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵃⵡⴰⵛ, ⴰⴽⵣⵏⵜ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ, ⵜⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴳⵉⵜⵙⵏⵜ:

ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ:

ⴰⵔ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵅⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴷⴰⵍ, ⴰⵔⴷⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ, ⴷ ⵓⵔⴷⴰⵍ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⵉⵏⵏ. ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵔⴷⴰⵍ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ ⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵟⴰⵢⵜ ⵕⵅⴰ. 

ⴱⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵃⵏⴷⴰⵢⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ, ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ-ⵜⴰⵜⴰⵔⴳⵉⵜ, ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ: ⴰⵔⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⴰⵍ, ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵃⴳⴳⵯⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵣⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 14 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵓⵔⴷⴰⵍ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵃⴳⴳⵯⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵉⵣⵓⵍⵜ. ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 14 ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵙⵓⵙ.

 ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴷⴰⵍ 
ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰhttps://mafaman.yoo7.com/t412-topic ⵙ ⵓⵖⴰⵏⵉⴱ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵓⵎⵔⵣⵓ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵡⵓⴷ ⵓ ⴱⵕⵉⴽ

 ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ 
thumb |ⵉⵙⵎⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⵇⵇⴱⵓⵕⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ
ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⴱⵓⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ, ⵜⴳ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵥⵕⴼ ⴷ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⵓⵎⵢⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵉⵥⵕⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵓⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⴱⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵛⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⴰⵕ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ.(ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ): ⴰⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ TV, ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 100, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pwV6EBRE68Y

 ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ 
ⵜⵉⴷⵔⵉ 
ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵏ ⴼⵏⵉⵇⵇⵙ
ⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ 
 ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵓⵜ 
 ⵉⴳⵍⵉ
ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵃⵏⴷⴰⵢⵏ
ⵜⴰⵃⴳⴳⵯⴰⵜ
ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵣⵓⵍⵜ

 ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ