

Topic: Introduction
Background: The Tajik people came under Russian imperial rule in the 1860s and 1870s. In 1929, the USSR designated Tajikistan a separate republic. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union.The Tajik people came under Russian imperial rule in the 1860s and 1870s. In 1929, the USSR designated Tajikistan a separate republic. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union.

Topic: Geography
Area: total: 144,100 sq km

land: 141,510 sq km

water: 2,590 sq km
Climate: mid-latitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains
Natural resources: hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold

Topic: People and Society
Population: 9,119,347 (2022 est.)
Ethnic groups: Tajik 84.3% (includes Pamiri and Yagnobi), Uzbek 13.8%, other 2% (includes Kyrgyz, Russian, Turkmen, Tatar, Arab) (2014 est.)
Languages: Tajik (official) 84.4%, Uzbek 11.9%, Kyrgyz 0.8%, Russian 0.5%, other 2.4% (2010 est.)
Religions: Muslim 98% (Sunni 95%, Shia 3%) other 2% (2014 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.4% (2022 est.)

Topic: Government
Government type: presidential republic
Capital: name: Dushanbe
Executive branch: chief of state: President Emomali RAHMON (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992)

head of government: Prime Minister Qohir RASULZODA (since 23 November 2013)
Legislative branch: description: bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of:
National Assembly or Majlisi Milli (34 seats; 25 members indirectly elected by local representative assemblies or majlisi, 8 appointed by the president, and 1 reserved for each living former president; members serve 5-year terms)
Assembly of Representatives or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; 41 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by 2-round absolute majority vote and 22 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: lower middle-income Central Asian economy; key gold, cotton, and aluminum exporter; declining poverty; sustained high growth; very limited private sector; substantial illicit drug trade; significant remittances; environmentally fragilelower middle-income Central Asian economy; key gold, cotton, and aluminum exporter; declining poverty; sustained high growth; very limited private sector; substantial illicit drug trade; significant remittances; environmentally fragile
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $34.88 billion (2020 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $3,700 (2020 est.)
Agricultural products: milk, potatoes, wheat, watermelons, onions, tomatoes, vegetables, cotton, carrots/turnips, beef
Industries: aluminum, cement, coal, gold, silver, antimony, textile, vegetable oil
Exports: $1.41 billion (2020 est.)
Exports - partners: Turkey 24%, Switzerland 22%, Uzbekistan 16%, Kazakhstan 12%, China 10% (2019)
Exports - commodities: gold, aluminum, cotton, zinc, antimony, lead (2019)
Imports: $3.13 billion (2020 est.)
Imports - partners: China 40%, Russia 38%, Kazakhstan 19%, Uzbekistan 5% (2019)
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, wheat, natural gas, bauxite, aircraft (2019)Page last updated: Wednesday, Jun 15, 2022