Topic: Photos of Cote d'Ivoire

Topic: Introduction
Background: Various small kingdoms ruled the area of Cote d'Ivoire between the 15th and 19th centuries, when European explorers arrived and then began to expand their presence. In 1844, France established a protectorate. During this period, many of these kingdoms and tribes fought to maintain their cultural identities - some well into the 20th century. For example, the Sanwi kingdom - originally founded in the 17th century - tried to break away from Cote d’Ivoire and establish an independent state in 1969.

Cote d’Ivoire achieved independence from France in 1960 but has maintained close ties with France. The export and production of cocoa and foreign investment drove economic growth that led Cote d’Ivoire to become one of the most prosperous states in West Africa. In December 1999, a military coup overthrew the government. In late 2000, junta leader Robert GUEI held rigged elections and declared himself the winner. Popular protests forced him to step aside, and Laurent GBAGBO was elected. In September 2002, Ivoirian dissidents and members of the military launched a failed coup that developed into a civil war. In 2003, a cease-fire resulted in rebels holding the north, the government holding the south, and peacekeeping forces occupying a buffer zone in the middle. In March 2007, President GBAGBO and former rebel leader Guillaume SORO signed an agreement in which SORO joined GBAGBO's government as prime minister. The two agreed to reunite the country by dismantling the buffer zone, integrating rebel forces into the national armed forces, and holding elections. In November 2010, Alassane Dramane OUATTARA won the presidential election, but GBAGBO refused to hand over power, resulting in five months of violent conflict. In April 2011, after widespread fighting, GBAGBO was formally forced from office by armed OUATTARA supporters and UN and French forces. In 2015, OUATTARA won a second term. In October 2020, OUATTARA won a controversial third presidential term, despite a two-term limit in the Ivoirian constitution, in an election boycotted by the opposition. Through political compromise with OUATTARA, the opposition did participate peacefully in March 2021 legislative elections and won a substantial minority of seats. Also in March 2021, the International Criminal Court in The Hague ruled on a final acquittal for GBAGBO, who was on trial for crimes against humanity, paving the way for GBAGBO’s June 2021 return to Abidjan. GBAGBO has publicly met with President OUATTARA since his return in June 2021 as a demonstration of political reconciliation. The next presidential election is scheduled for 2025.
  Various small kingdoms ruled the area of Cote d'Ivoire between the 15th and 19th centuries, when European explorers arrived and then began to expand their presence. In 1844, France established a protectorate. During this period, many of these kingdoms and tribes fought to maintain their cultural identities - some well into the 20th century. For example, the Sanwi kingdom - originally founded in the 17th century - tried to break away from Cote d’Ivoire and establish an independent state in 1969.

Cote d’Ivoire achieved independence from France in 1960 but has maintained close ties with France. The export and production of cocoa and foreign investment drove economic growth that led Cote d’Ivoire to become one of the most prosperous states in West Africa. In December 1999, a military coup overthrew the government. In late 2000, junta leader Robert GUEI held rigged elections and declared himself the winner. Popular protests forced him to step aside, and Laurent GBAGBO was elected. In September 2002, Ivoirian dissidents and members of the military launched a failed coup that developed into a civil war. In 2003, a cease-fire resulted in rebels holding the north, the government holding the south, and peacekeeping forces occupying a buffer zone in the middle. In March 2007, President GBAGBO and former rebel leader Guillaume SORO signed an agreement in which SORO joined GBAGBO's government as prime minister. The two agreed to reunite the country by dismantling the buffer zone, integrating rebel forces into the national armed forces, and holding elections. In November 2010, Alassane Dramane OUATTARA won the presidential election, but GBAGBO refused to hand over power, resulting in five months of violent conflict. In April 2011, after widespread fighting, GBAGBO was formally forced from office by armed OUATTARA supporters and UN and French forces. In 2015, OUATTARA won a second term. In October 2020, OUATTARA won a controversial third presidential term, despite a two-term limit in the Ivoirian constitution, in an election boycotted by the opposition. Through political compromise with OUATTARA, the opposition did participate peacefully in March 2021 legislative elections and won a substantial minority of seats. Also in March 2021, the International Criminal Court in The Hague ruled on a final acquittal for GBAGBO, who was on trial for crimes against humanity, paving the way for GBAGBO’s June 2021 return to Abidjan. GBAGBO has publicly met with President OUATTARA since his return in June 2021 as a demonstration of political reconciliation. The next presidential election is scheduled for 2025. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia
Geographic coordinates: 8 00 N, 5 00 W
Map references: Africa
Area: total: 322,463 sq km

land: 318,003 sq km

water: 4,460 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly larger than New Mexico
Land boundaries: total: 3,458 km

border countries (5): Burkina Faso 545 km; Ghana 720 km; Guinea 816 km; Liberia 778 km; Mali 599 km
Coastline: 515 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm
Climate: tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)
Terrain: mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest
Elevation: highest point: Monts Nimba 1,752 m

lowest point: Gulf of Guinea 0 m

mean elevation: 250 m
Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, gold, nickel, tantalum, silica sand, clay, cocoa beans, coffee, palm oil, hydropower
Land use: agricultural land: 64.8% (2018 est.)

arable land: 9.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 14.2% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 41.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 32.7% (2018 est.)

other: 2.5% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 730 sq km (2012)
Major lakes (area sq km): Salt water lake(s): Lagune Aby - 780 sq km
Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km), Volta (410,991 sq km)
Population distribution: the population is primarily located in the forested south, with the highest concentration of people residing in and around the cities on the Atlantic coast; most of the northern savanna remains sparsely populated with higher concentrations located along transportation corridors as shown in this population distribution map
Natural hazards: coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible
Geography - note: most of the inhabitants live along the sandy coastal region; apart from the capital area, the forested interior is sparsely populated
Map description: Cote d’Ivoire map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Gulf of Guinea.Cote d’Ivoire map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Gulf of Guinea.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 28,713,423 (2022 est.)

note: estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic
Nationality: noun: Ivoirian(s)

adjective: Ivoirian
Ethnic groups: Akan 28.9%, Voltaique or Gur 16.1%, Northern Mande 14.5%, Kru 8.5%, Southern Mande 6.9%, unspecified 0.9%, non-Ivoirian 24.2% (2014 est.)
Languages: French (official), 60 native dialects of which Dioula is the most widely spoken

major-language sample(s):
The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions: Muslim 42.9%, Catholic 17.2%, Evangelical 11.8%, Methodist 1.7%, other Christian 3.2%, animist 3.6%, other religion 0.5%, none 19.1% (2014 est.)

note: the majority of foreign migrant workers are Muslim (72.7%) and Christian (17.7%)
Demographic profile: Cote d’Ivoire’s population is likely to continue growing for the foreseeable future because almost 60% of the populace is younger than 25, the total fertility rate is holding steady at about 3.5 children per woman, and contraceptive use is under 20%. The country will need to improve education, health care, and gender equality in order to turn its large and growing youth cohort into human capital. Even prior to 2010 unrest that shuttered schools for months, access to education was poor, especially for women. As of 2015, only 53% of men and 33% of women were literate. The lack of educational attainment contributes to Cote d’Ivoire’s high rates of unskilled labor, adolescent pregnancy, and HIV/AIDS prevalence.Following its independence in 1960, Cote d’Ivoire’s stability and the blossoming of its labor-intensive cocoa and coffee industries in the southwest made it an attractive destination for migrants from other parts of the country and its neighbors, particularly Burkina Faso. The HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY administration continued the French colonial policy of encouraging labor immigration by offering liberal land ownership laws. Foreigners from West Africa, Europe (mainly France), and Lebanon composed about 25% of the population by 1998.Ongoing economic decline since the 1980s and the power struggle after HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY’s death in 1993 ushered in the politics of "Ivoirite," institutionalizing an Ivoirian identity that further marginalized northern Ivoirians and scapegoated immigrants. The hostile Muslim north-Christian south divide snowballed into a 2002 civil war, pushing tens of thousands of foreign migrants, Liberian refugees, and Ivoirians to flee to war-torn Liberia or other regional countries and more than a million people to be internally displaced. Subsequently, violence following the contested 2010 presidential election prompted some 250,000 people to seek refuge in Liberia and other neighboring countries and again internally displaced as many as a million people. By July 2012, the majority had returned home, but ongoing inter-communal tension and armed conflict continue to force people from their homes.Cote d’Ivoire’s population is likely to continue growing for the foreseeable future because almost 60% of the populace is younger than 25, the total fertility rate is holding steady at about 3.5 children per woman, and contraceptive use is under 20%. The country will need to improve education, health care, and gender equality in order to turn its large and growing youth cohort into human capital. Even prior to 2010 unrest that shuttered schools for months, access to education was poor, especially for women. As of 2015, only 53% of men and 33% of women were literate. The lack of educational attainment contributes to Cote d’Ivoire’s high rates of unskilled labor, adolescent pregnancy, and HIV/AIDS prevalence.Following its independence in 1960, Cote d’Ivoire’s stability and the blossoming of its labor-intensive cocoa and coffee industries in the southwest made it an attractive destination for migrants from other parts of the country and its neighbors, particularly Burkina Faso. The HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY administration continued the French colonial policy of encouraging labor immigration by offering liberal land ownership laws. Foreigners from West Africa, Europe (mainly France), and Lebanon composed about 25% of the population by 1998.Ongoing economic decline since the 1980s and the power struggle after HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY’s death in 1993 ushered in the politics of "Ivoirite," institutionalizing an Ivoirian identity that further marginalized northern Ivoirians and scapegoated immigrants. The hostile Muslim north-Christian south divide snowballed into a 2002 civil war, pushing tens of thousands of foreign migrants, Liberian refugees, and Ivoirians to flee to war-torn Liberia or other regional countries and more than a million people to be internally displaced. Subsequently, violence following the contested 2010 presidential election prompted some 250,000 people to seek refuge in Liberia and other neighboring countries and again internally displaced as many as a million people. By July 2012, the majority had returned home, but ongoing inter-communal tension and armed conflict continue to force people from their homes.
Age structure: 0-14 years: 38.53% (male 5,311,971/female 5,276,219)

15-24 years: 20.21% (male 2,774,374/female 2,779,012)

25-54 years: 34.88% (male 4,866,957/female 4,719,286)

55-64 years: 3.53% (male 494,000/female 476,060)

65 years and over: 2.85% (2020 est.) (male 349,822/female 433,385)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 79.8

youth dependency ratio: 74.6

elderly dependency ratio: 5.2

potential support ratio: 19.3 (2020 est.)
Median age: total: 20.3 years

male: 20.3 years

female: 20.3 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.19% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 28.3 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 7.6 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: 1.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution: the population is primarily located in the forested south, with the highest concentration of people residing in and around the cities on the Atlantic coast; most of the northern savanna remains sparsely populated with higher concentrations located along transportation corridors as shown in this population distribution map
Urbanization: urban population: 52.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population: 231,000 YAMOUSSOUKRO (capital) (2018), 5.516 million ABIDJAN (seat of government) (2022)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.58 male(s)/female

total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 19.6 years (2011/12 est.)

note: median age at first birth among women 20-49
Maternal mortality ratio: 617 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 55.67 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 62.99 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 48.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 62.26 years

male: 60.07 years

female: 64.52 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.53 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: 23.3% (2018)
Drinking water source: improved: urban: 89.9% of population

rural: 69.1% of population

total: 79.8% of population

unimproved: urban: 10.1% of population

rural: 30.9% of population

total: 20.2% of population (2020 est.)
Current Health Expenditure: 3.3% (2019)
Physicians density: 0.16 physicians/1,000 population (2019)
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: 77.8% of population

rural: 35% of population

total: 57.1% of population

unimproved: urban: 22.2% of population

rural: 65% of population

total: 42.9% of population (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 2.1% (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 380,000 (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 13,000 (2020 est.)
Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: very high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever

water contact diseases: schistosomiasis

animal contact diseases: rabies

respiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitis
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 10.3% (2016)
Tobacco use: total: 9.4% (2020 est.)

male: 17.9% (2020 est.)

female: 0.9% (2020 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 12.8% (2016)
Child marriage: women married by age 15: 7%

women married by age 18: 27%

men married by age 18: 3.5% (2016 est.)
Education expenditures: 3.7% of GDP (2019 est.)
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 89.9%

male: 93.1%

female: 86.7% (2019)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 10 years

male: 11 years

female: 10 years (2019)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 5.5%

male: 4.7%

female: 6.5% (2017 est.)

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: deforestation (most of the country's forests - once the largest in West Africa - have been heavily logged); water pollution from sewage, and from industrial, mining, and agricultural effluents
Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Air pollutants: particulate matter emissions: 23.72 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 9.67 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 10.3 megatons (2020 est.)
Climate: tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)
Land use: agricultural land: 64.8% (2018 est.)

arable land: 9.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 14.2% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 41.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 32.7% (2018 est.)

other: 2.5% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 52.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Revenue from forest resources: forest revenues: 2.04% of GDP (2016 est.)
Revenue from coal: coal revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: very high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever

water contact diseases: schistosomiasis

animal contact diseases: rabies

respiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitis
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 4,440,814 tons (2010 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually: 133,224 tons (2005 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 3% (2005 est.)
Major lakes (area sq km): Salt water lake(s): Lagune Aby - 780 sq km
Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km), Volta (410,991 sq km)
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 320 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

industrial: 242 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

agricultural: 600 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 84.14 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Cote d'Ivoire

conventional short form: Cote d'Ivoire

local long form: Republique de Cote d'Ivoire

local short form: Cote d'Ivoire

former: Ivory Coast

etymology: name reflects the intense ivory trade that took place in the region from the 15th to 17th centuries

note: pronounced coat-div-whar
Government type: presidential republic
Capital: name: Yamoussoukro (legislative capital), Abidjan (administrative capital); note - although Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983, Abidjan remains the administrative capital as well as the officially designated economic capital; the US, like other countries, maintains its Embassy in Abidjan

geographic coordinates: 6 49 N, 5 16 W

time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: Yamoussoukro is named after Queen YAMOUSSOU, who ruled in the village of N'Gokro in 1929 at the time of French colonization; the village was renamed Yamoussoukro, the suffix "-kro" meaning "town" in the native Baoule language; Abidjan's name supposedly comes from a misunderstanding; tradition states that an old man carrying branches met a European explorer who asked for the name of the nearest village; the man, not understanding and terrified by this unexpected encounter, fled shouting "min-chan m’bidjan," which in the Ebrie language means: "I return from cutting leaves"; the explorer, thinking that his question had been answered, recorded the name of the locale as Abidjan; a different version has the first colonists asking native women the name of the place and getting a similar response
Administrative divisions: 12 districts and 2 autonomous districts*; Abidjan*, Bas-Sassandra, Comoe, Denguele, Goh-Djiboua, Lacs, Lagunes, Montagnes, Sassandra-Marahoue, Savanes, Vallee du Bandama, Woroba, Yamoussoukro*, Zanzan
Independence: 7 August 1960 (from France)
National holiday: Independence Day, 7 August (1960)
Constitution: history: previous 1960, 2000; latest draft completed 24 September 2016, approved by the National Assembly 11 October 2016, approved by referendum 30 October 2016, promulgated 8 November 2016

amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; consideration of drafts or proposals requires an absolute majority vote by the parliamentary membership; passage of amendments affecting presidential elections, presidential term of office and vacancies, and amendment procedures requires approval by absolute majority in a referendum; passage of other proposals by the president requires at least four-fifths majority vote by Parliament; constitutional articles on the sovereignty of the state and its republican and secular form of government cannot be amended; amended 2020
Legal system: civil law system based on the French civil code; judicial review of legislation held in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court
International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Cote d'Ivoire

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President Alassane Dramane OUATTARA (since 4 December 2010); Vice President Tiémoko Meyliet KONE (since 19 April 2022); note - Vice President Tiémoko Meyliet KONE was appointed by President Alassane Dramane OUATTARA before a Congressional meeting on 19 April 2022

head of government: Prime Minister Patrick ACHI (since 19 April 2022); note - Prime Minister ACHI resigned on 13 April 2022 and was reappointed by President Alassane Dramane OUATTARA before a Congressional meeting on 19 April 2022

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single renewable 5-year term ; election last held on 31 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2025); vice president elected on same ballot as president; prime minister appointed by the president; note – because President OUATTARA promulgated the new constitution during his second term, he has claimed that the clock is reset on term limits, allowing him to run for up to two additional terms

election results: Alassane OUATTARA reelected president; percent of vote - Alassane OUATTARA (RDR) 94.3%, Kouadio Konan BERTIN (PDCI-RDA) 2.0%, other 3.7% (2020)
Legislative branch: description: bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate or Senat (99 seats; 66 members indirectly elected by the National Assembly and members of municipal, autonomous districts, and regional councils, and 33 members appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly (255 seats - 254 for 2021-2026 term; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)

elections:
Senate - first ever held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held on 31 March 2023)
National Assembly - last held on 6 March 2021 (next to be held on 31 March 2026)

election results:
Senate - percent by party NA; seats by party - RHDP 50, independent 16; composition - men 80, women 19, percent of women 19.2%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - RHDP 49.2%, PDCI-RRA-EDS 16.5%, DPIC 6%, TTB 2.1%  IPF 2%  seats by party - RHDP, 137, PDCI-RRA-EDS 50, DPIC 23, EDS 8, TTB 8, IPF 2, independent 26; composition - men 218, women 36, percent of women 14.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 15.6%

Judicial branch: highest courts: Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into Judicial, Audit, Constitutional, and Administrative Chambers; consists of the court president, 3 vice presidents for the Judicial, Audit, and Administrative chambers, and 9 associate justices or magistrates)

judge selection and term of office: judges nominated by the Superior Council of the Magistrature, a 7-member body consisting of the national president (chairman), 3 "bench" judges, and 3 public prosecutors; judges appointed for life

subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal (organized into civil, criminal, and social chambers); first instance courts; peace courts
Political parties and leaders: African Peoples' Party-Cote d'Ivoire or PPA-CI[Laurent GBAGBO]
Pan-African Congress for People's Justice and Equalityor COJEP [Charles BLE GOUDE]
Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire or PDCI [Henri Konan BEDIE]
Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [former pres. [Pascal Affi N'GUESSAN]
Liberty and Democracy for the Republic or LIDER [Mamadou KOULIBALY]
Movement of the Future Forces or MFA [Innocent Augustin ANAKY KOBENA]
Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace or RHDP [Alassane OUATTARA]
Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Henriette DIABATE]
Together for Democrary and Sovereignty [Georges Armand OUEGNIN]
Together to Build (UDPCI, FPI,and allies) [Toikeuse MABRI]
Together to Build (UDPCI, FPI,and allies) [Toikeuse MABRI]
Union for Cote d'Ivoire or UPCI [Gnamien KONAN]
Union for Democracy and Peace in Cote d'Ivoire or UDPCI [Albert Toikeusse MABRI]
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UN Security Council (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Ibrahima TOURE (since 13 January 2022)

chancery: 2424 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 797-0300

FAX: [1] (202) 462-9444

email address and website:
info@ambacidc.org

https://ambaciusa.org/#
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Richard K. BELL (since 10 October 2019)

embassy: B.P. 730 Abidjan Cidex 03

mailing address: 2010 Abidjan Place, Washington DC  20521-2010

telephone: [225] 27-22-49-40-00

FAX: [225] 27-22-49-43-23

email address and website:
AbjAmCit@state.gov

https://ci.usembassy.gov/
Flag description: three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green; orange symbolizes the land (savannah) of the north and fertility, white stands for peace and unity, green represents the forests of the south and the hope for a bright future

note: similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and has the colors reversed - green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is green (hoist side), white, and red; design was based on the flag of France
National symbol(s): elephant; national colors: orange, white, green
National anthem: name: "L'Abidjanaise" (Song of Abidjan)

lyrics/music: Mathieu EKRA, Joachim BONY, and Pierre Marie COTY/Pierre Marie COTY and Pierre Michel PANGO

note: adopted 1960; although the nation's capital city moved from Abidjan to Yamoussoukro in 1983, the anthem still owes its name to the former capital
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 5 (2 cultural, 3 natural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Comoé National Park (n); Historic Grand-Bassam (c); Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve (n); Sudanese-style Mosques (c); Taï National Park (n)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: For the last 5 years Cote d'Ivoire's growth rate has been among the highest in the world. Cote d'Ivoire is heavily dependent on agriculture and related activities, which engage roughly two-thirds of the population. Cote d'Ivoire is the world's largest producer and exporter of cocoa beans and a significant producer and exporter of coffee and palm oil. Consequently, the economy is highly sensitive to fluctuations in international prices for these products and to climatic conditions. Cocoa, oil, and coffee are the country's top export revenue earners, but the country has targeted agricultural processing of cocoa, cashews, mangoes, and other commodities as a high priority. Mining gold and exporting electricity are growing industries outside agriculture.   Following the end of more than a decade of civil conflict in 2011, Cote d’Ivoire has experienced a boom in foreign investment and economic growth. In June 2012, the IMF and the World Bank announced $4.4 billion in debt relief for Cote d'Ivoire under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries Initiative.For the last 5 years Cote d'Ivoire's growth rate has been among the highest in the world. Cote d'Ivoire is heavily dependent on agriculture and related activities, which engage roughly two-thirds of the population. Cote d'Ivoire is the world's largest producer and exporter of cocoa beans and a significant producer and exporter of coffee and palm oil. Consequently, the economy is highly sensitive to fluctuations in international prices for these products and to climatic conditions. Cocoa, oil, and coffee are the country's top export revenue earners, but the country has targeted agricultural processing of cocoa, cashews, mangoes, and other commodities as a high priority. Mining gold and exporting electricity are growing industries outside agriculture. Following the end of more than a decade of civil conflict in 2011, Cote d’Ivoire has experienced a boom in foreign investment and economic growth. In June 2012, the IMF and the World Bank announced $4.4 billion in debt relief for Cote d'Ivoire under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries Initiative.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $136.48 billion (2020 est.)

$134.05 billion (2019 est.)

$126.19 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
Real GDP growth rate: 7.8% (2017 est.)

8.3% (2016 est.)

8.8% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $5,200 (2020 est.)

$5,200 (2019 est.)

$5,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): $42.498 billion (2018 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): -1.1% (2019 est.)

0.3% (2018 est.)

0.6% (2017 est.)
Credit ratings: Fitch rating: B+ (2015)

Moody's rating: Ba3 (2015)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 20.1% (2017 est.)

industry: 26.6% (2017 est.)

services: 53.3% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 61.7% (2017 est.)

government consumption: 14.9% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 22.4% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories: 0.3% (2017 est.)

exports of goods and services: 30.8% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services: -30.1% (2017 est.)
Agricultural products: yams, cassava, cocoa, oil palm fruit, sugar cane, rice, plantains, maize, cashew nuts, rubber
Industries: foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining, gold mining, truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials, electricity
Industrial production growth rate: 4.2% (2017 est.)
Labor force: 8.747 million (2017 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 68% (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate: 9.4% (2013 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 5.5%

male: 4.7%

female: 6.5% (2017 est.)
Population below poverty line: 39.5% (2018 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 41.5 (2015 est.)

36.7 (1995)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.2%

highest 10%: 31.8% (2008)
Budget: revenues: 7.749 billion (2017 est.)

expenditures: 9.464 billion (2017 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -4.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Public debt: 47% of GDP (2017 est.)

47% of GDP (2016 est.)
Taxes and other revenues: 19.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Current account balance: -$1.86 billion (2017 est.)

-$414 million (2016 est.)
Exports: $13.79 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$13.08 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners: Netherlands 10%, United States 6%, France 6%, Spain 5%, Malaysia 5%, Switzerland 5%, Germany 5%, Vietnam 5% (2019)
Exports - commodities: cocoa beans, gold, rubber, refined petroleum, crude petroleum (2019)
Imports: $12.88 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$13.18 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners: China 18%, Nigeria 13%, France 11% (2019)
Imports - commodities: crude petroleum, rice, frozen fish, refined petroleum, packaged medicines (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $6.257 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$4.935 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Debt - external: $13.07 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$11.02 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -

594.3 (2017 est.)

593.01 (2016 est.)

593.01 (2015 est.)

591.45 (2014 est.)

494.42 (2013 est.)

Topic: Energy
Electricity access: electrification - total population: 76% (2019)

electrification - urban areas: 99% (2019)

electrification - rural areas: 51% (2019)
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 2.197 million kW (2020 est.)

consumption: 5,924,320,000 kWh (2019 est.)

exports: 1.178 billion kWh (2019 est.)

imports: 172 million kWh (2019 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 1.957 billion kWh (2019 est.)
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 75.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

hydroelectricity: 24.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Coal: production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 33,000 bbl/day (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 56,500 bbl/day (2019 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate exports: 30,200 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate imports: 69,200 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves: 100 million barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 69,360 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 31,450 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 7,405 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas: production: 2,424,768,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)

consumption: 2,424,768,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)

exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

proven reserves: 28.317 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 11.88 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 7.332 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 4.548 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: 8.225 million Btu/person (2019 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 264,073 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2020 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 40,095,246 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 152 (2020 est.)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: in recent years the government of Ivory Coast has helped develop a competitive telecom sector focused on the provision of converged services, thus allowing operators to offer fixed-line and mobile services under a universal services license regime; there are two fixed network operators, the market is dominated by Orange Group’s local unit, Orange Côte d’Ivoire; the mobile market is more competitive, with Orange Côte d’Ivoire operating alongside MTN Côte d’Ivoire and Moov; over the years a number of alternative operators have either folded, had their licenses evoked, or failed to launch services; the fixed internet and broadband sectors remain underdeveloped; this is a legacy of poor international connectivity, which resulted in high wholesale prices, limited bandwidth, and a lack of access for alternative operators to international infrastructure; these limitations were addressed following the landing of a second cable in November 2011, and the end to the access monopoly held by Orange Côte d’Ivoire; Orange Group has also launched its 20,000km Djoliba cable system, reaching across eight countries in the region, while the 2Africa submarine cable is being developed by a consortium of companies; with a landing station providing connectivity to Côte d'Ivoire, the system is expected to be completed in late 2023. (2022)

domestic: 1 per 100 fixed-line teledensity; with multiple mobile-cellular service providers competing in the market, mobile subscriptions have increased to 152 per 100 persons (2020)

international: country code - 225; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC, ACE, MainOne, and WACS fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and South and West Africa; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2019)

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
Broadcast media: state-controlled Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirieinne (RTI) is made up of 2 radios stations (Radio Cote d'Ivoire and Frequence2) and 2 television stations (RTI1 and RTI2), with nationwide coverage, broadcasts mainly in French; after 2011 post-electoral crisis, President OUATTARA's administration reopened RTI Bouake', the broadcaster's office in Cote d'Ivoire's 2nd largest city, where facilities were destroyed during the 2002 rebellion; Cote d'Ivoire is also home to 178 proximity radios stations, 16 religious radios stations, 5 commercial radios stations, and 5 international radios stations, according to the Haute Autorite' de la Communication Audiovisuelle (HACA); govt now runs radio UNOCIFM, a radio station previously owned by the UN Operation in Cote d'Ivoire; in Dec 2016, the govt announced 4 companies had been granted licenses to operate -Live TV, Optimum Media Cote d'Ivoire, the Audiovisual Company of Cote d'Ivoire (Sedaci), and Sorano-CI, out of the 4 companies only one has started operating (2019)
Internet country code: .ci
Internet users: total: 9,496,179 (2020 est.)

percent of population: 36% (2020 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 260,097 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2020 est.)

Topic: Transportation
National air transport system: number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 10

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 779,482 (2018)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 5.8 million (2018) mt-km
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: TU
Airports: total: 27 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 7

over 3,047 m: 1

2,438 to 3,047 m: 2

1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2021)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 20

1,524 to 2,437 m: 6

914 to 1,523 m: 11

under 914 m: 3 (2021)
Heliports: 1 (2021)
Pipelines: 101 km condensate, 256 km gas, 118 km oil, 5 km oil/gas/water, 7 km water (2013)
Railways: total: 660 km (2008)

narrow gauge: 660 km (2008) 1.000-m gauge

note: an additional 622 km of this railroad extends into Burkina Faso
Roadways: total: 81,996 km (2007)

paved: 6,502 km (2007)

unpaved: 75,494 km (2007)

note: includes intercity and urban roads; another 20,000 km of dirt roads are in poor condition and 150,000 km of dirt roads are impassable
Waterways: 980 km (2011) (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal lagoons)
Merchant marine: total: 25

by type: oil tanker 2, other 23 (2021)
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Abidjan, San-Pedro

oil terminal(s): Espoir Offshore Terminal

Topic: Military and Security
Military and security forces: Armed Forces of Cote d'Ivoire (Forces Armees de Cote d'Ivoire, FACI; aka Republican Forces of Ivory Coast, FRCI): Army, Navy, Cote Air Force, Special Forces; National Gendarmerie (under the Ministry of Defense); Ministry of Security and Civil Protection: National Police; Coordination Center for Operational Decisions (a mix of police, gendarmerie, and FACI personnel for assisting police in providing security in some large cities) (2022)
Military expenditures: 1.1% of GDP (2021 est.)

1.1% of GDP (2020 est.)

1.1% of GDP (2019 est.) (approximately $710 million)

1.2% of GDP (2018 est.) (approximately $780 million)

1.1% of GDP (2017 est.) (approximately $720 million)
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 25,000 active troops (23,000 Army, including about 2,000 Special Forces; 1,000 Navy; 1,000 Air Force); 5-10,000 Gendarmerie (2022)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the inventory of the FACI consists mostly of older or second-hand equipment, typically of French or Soviet-era origin; Cote d'Ivoire was under a partial UN arms embargo from 2004 to 2016; since 2016, it has received limited amounts of mostly second-hand equipment from a variety of countries (2022)
Military service age and obligation: 18-25 years of age for compulsory and voluntary male and female military service; conscription is not enforced; voluntary recruitment of former rebels into the new national army is restricted to ages 22-29 (2022)
Military deployments: 850 Mali (MINUSMA) (2022)
Military - note: the military has mutinied several times since the late 1990s, most recently in 2017, and has had a large role in the country’s political turmoil; as of 2022, the FACI was focused on internal security and the growing threat posed by Islamic militants associated with the al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) terrorist group operating across the border in Burkina Faso; AQIM militants conducted significant attacks in the country in 2016 and 2020; Côte d’Ivoire since 2016 has stepped up border security and completed building a joint counter-terrorism training center with France near Abidjan in 2020

the UN maintained a 9,000-strong peacekeeping force in Cote d’Ivoire (UNOCI) from 2004 until 2017 (2022)
Maritime threats: the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, "Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea"

Topic: Terrorism
Terrorist group(s): al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM); Jama’at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimeen (JNIM)

note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: disputed maritime border between Cote d'Ivoire and Ghanadisputed maritime border between Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana
Refugees and internally displaced persons: IDPs: 302,000 (post-election conflict in 2010-11, as well as civil war from 2002-04; land disputes; most pronounced in western and southwestern regions) (2021)

stateless persons: 952,969 (mid-year 2021); note - many Ivoirians lack documentation proving their nationality, which prevent them from accessing education and healthcare; birth on Ivorian soil does not automatically result in citizenship; disputes over citizenship and the associated rights of the large population descended from migrants from neighboring countries is an ongoing source of tension and contributed to the country's 2002 civil war; some observers believe the government's mass naturalizations of thousands of people over the last couple of years is intended to boost its electoral support base; the government in October 2013 acceded to international conventions on statelessness and in August 2013 reformed its nationality law, key steps to clarify the nationality of thousands of residents; since the adoption of the Abidjan Declaration to eradicate statelessness in West Africa in February 2015, 6,400 people have received nationality papers; in September 2020, Cote d'Ivoire adopted Africa's first statelessness determination procedure to regularize the status of stateless people
Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for local consumption; utility as a narcotic transshipment point to Europe reduced by ongoing political instability; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leave the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center


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This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by sector of occupation. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other economic activities that do not produce material goods. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete and may range from 99-101 percent due to rounding.

Topic: Afghanistanagriculture: 44.3%

industry: 18.1%

services: 37.6% (2017 est.)

Topic: Albaniaagriculture: 41.4%

industry: 18.3%

services: 40.3% (2017 est.)

Topic: Algeriaagriculture: 10.8%

industry: 30.9%

services: 58.4% (2011 est.)

Topic: American Samoaagriculture: NA

industry: 15.5%

services: 46.4% (2015 est.)

Topic: Andorraagriculture: 0.5%

industry: 4.4%

services: 95.1% (2015)

Topic: Angolaagriculture: 85%

industry: 15% (2015 est.)

industry and services: 15% (2003 est.)

Topic: Anguillaagriculture: 74.1%

industry: 3%

services: 18%

agriculture/fishing/forestry/mining: 4% (2000 est.)

manufacturing: 3% (2000 est.)

construction: 18% (2000 est.)

transportation and utilities: 10% (2000 est.)

commerce: 36% (2000 est.)

Topic: Antigua and Barbudaagriculture: 7%

industry: 11%

services: 82% (1983 est.)

Topic: Argentinaagriculture: 5.3%

industry: 28.6%

services: 66.1% (2017 est.)

Topic: Armeniaagriculture: 36.3%

industry: 17%

services: 46.7% (2013 est.)

Topic: Arubaagriculture: NA

industry: NA

services: NA

note: most employment is in wholesale and retail trade, followed by hotels and restaurants

Topic: Australiaagriculture: 3.6%

industry: 21.1%

services: 75.3% (2009 est.)

Topic: Austriaagriculture: 0.7%

industry: 25.2%

services: 74.1% (2017 est.)

Topic: Azerbaijanagriculture: 37%

industry: 14.3%

services: 48.9% (2014)

Topic: Bahamas, Theagriculture: 3%

industry: 11%

services: 49%

tourism: 37% (2011 est.)

Topic: Bahrainagriculture: 1%

industry: 32%

services: 67% (2004 est.)

Topic: Bangladeshagriculture: 42.7%

industry: 20.5%

services: 36.9% (2016 est.)

Topic: Barbadosagriculture: 10%

industry: 15%

services: 75% (1996 est.)

Topic: Belarusagriculture: 9.7%

industry: 23.4%

services: 66.8% (2015 est.)

Topic: Belgiumagriculture: 1.3%

industry: 18.6%

services: 80.1% (2013 est.)

Topic: Belizeagriculture: 10.2%

industry: 18.1%

services: 71.7% (2007 est.)

Topic: Bermudaagriculture: 2%

industry: 13%

services: 85% (2016 est.)

Topic: Bhutanagriculture: 58%

industry: 20%

services: 22% (2015 est.)

Topic: Boliviaagriculture: 29.4%

industry: 22%

services: 48.6% (2015 est.)

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovinaagriculture: 18%

industry: 30.4%

services: 51.7% (2017 est.)

Topic: Botswanaagriculture: NA

industry: NA

services: NA

Topic: Brazilagriculture: 9.4%

industry: 32.1%

services: 58.5% (2017 est.)

Topic: British Virgin Islandsagriculture: 0.6%

industry: 40%

services: 59.4% (2005)

Topic: Bruneiagriculture: 4.2%

industry: 62.8%

services: 33% (2008 est.)

Topic: Bulgariaagriculture: 6.8%

industry: 26.6%

services: 66.6% (2016 est.)

Topic: Burkina Fasoagriculture: 90%

industry and services: 10% (2000 est.)

Topic: Burmaagriculture: 70%

industry: 7%

services: 23% (2001 est.)

Topic: Burundiagriculture: 93.6%

industry: 2.3%

services: 4.1% (2002 est.)

Topic: Cambodiaagriculture: 48.7%

industry: 19.9%

services: 31.5% (2013 est.)

Topic: Cameroonagriculture: 70%

industry: 13%

services: 17% (2001 est.)

Topic: Canadaagriculture: 2%

industry: 13%

services: 6%

industry and services: 76%

manufacturing: 3% (2006 est.)

Topic: Cayman Islandsagriculture: 1.9%

industry: 19.1%

services: 79% (2008 est.)

Topic: Chadagriculture: 80%

industry: 20% (2006 est.)

Topic: Chileagriculture: 9.2%

industry: 23.7%

services: 67.1% (2013)

Topic: Chinaagriculture: 27.7%

industry: 28.8%

services: 43.5% (2016 est.)

Topic: Cocos (Keeling) Islandsnote: the Cocos Islands Cooperative Society Ltd. employs construction workers, stevedores, and lighterage workers; tourism is the other main source of employmentnote: the Cocos Islands Cooperative Society Ltd. employs construction workers, stevedores, and lighterage workers; tourism is the other main source of employment

Topic: Colombiaagriculture: 17%

industry: 21%

services: 62% (2011 est.)

Topic: Comorosagriculture: 80%

industry: 20% (1996 est.)

industry and services: 20% (1996 est.)

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of theagriculture: NA

industry: NA

services: NA

Topic: Congo, Republic of theagriculture: 35.4%

industry: 20.6%

services: 44% (2005 est.)

Topic: Cook Islandsagriculture: 29%

industry: 15%

services: 56% (1995)

Topic: Costa Ricaagriculture: 14%

industry: 22%

services: 64% (2006 est.)

Topic: Cote d'Ivoireagriculture: 68% (2007 est.)

Topic: Croatiaagriculture: 1.9%

industry: 27.3%

services: 70.8% (2017 est.)

Topic: Cubaagriculture: 18%

industry: 10%

services: 72% (2016 est.)

Topic: Curacaoagriculture: 1.2%

industry: 16.9%

services: 81.8% (2008 est.)

Topic: Cyprusagriculture: 3.8%

industry: 15.2%

services: 81% (2014 est.)

Topic: Czechiaagriculture: 2.8%

industry: 38%

services: 59.2% (2015)

Topic: Denmarkagriculture: 2.4%

industry: 18.3%

services: 79.3% (2016 est.)

Topic: Djiboutiagriculture: NA

industry: NA

services: NA

Topic: Dominicaagriculture: 40%

industry: 32%

services: 28% (2002 est.)

Topic: Dominican Republicagriculture: 14.4%

industry: 20.8% (2014)

services: 64.7% (2014 est.)

Topic: Ecuadoragriculture: 26.1%

industry: 18.4%

services: 55.5% (2017 est.)

Topic: Egyptagriculture: 25.8%

industry: 25.1%

services: 49.1% (2015 est.)

Topic: El Salvadoragriculture: 21%

industry: 20%

services: 58% (2011 est.)

Topic: Eritreaagriculture: 80%

industry: 20% (2004 est.)

Topic: Estoniaagriculture: 2.7%

industry: 20.5%

services: 76.8% (2017 est.)

Topic: Eswatiniagriculture: 10.7%

industry: 30.4%

services: 58.9% (2014 est.)

Topic: Ethiopiaagriculture: 72.7%

industry: 7.4%

services: 19.9% (2013 est.)

Topic: European Unionagriculture: 5%

industry: 21.9%

services: 73.1% (2014 est.)

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)agriculture: 41%

industry: 24.5%

services: 34.5% (2015 est.)

Topic: Faroe Islandsagriculture: 15%

industry: 15%

services: 70% (December 2016 est.)

Topic: Fijiagriculture: 44.2%

industry: 14.3%

services: 41.6% (2011)

Topic: Finlandagriculture: 4%

industry: 20.7%

services: 75.3% (2017 est.)

Topic: Franceagriculture: 2.8% (2016 est.)

industry: 20% (2016 est.)

services: 77.2% (2016 est.)

Topic: French Polynesiaagriculture: 13%

industry: 19%

services: 68% (2013 est.)

Topic: Gabonagriculture: 64%

industry: 12%

services: 24% (2005 est.)

Topic: Gambia, Theagriculture: 75%

industry: 19%

services: 6% (1996 est.)

Topic: Gaza Stripagriculture: 5.2%

industry: 10%

services: 84.8% (2015 est.)

note: data exclude the West Bank

Topic: Georgiaagriculture: 55.6%

industry: 8.9%

services: 35.5% (2006 est.)

Topic: Germanyagriculture: 1.4%

industry: 24.2%

services: 74.3% (2016)

Topic: Ghanaagriculture: 44.7%

industry: 14.4%

services: 40.9% (2013 est.)

Topic: Gibraltaragriculture: NEGL

industry: 1.8%

services: 98.2% (2014 est.)

Topic: Greeceagriculture: 12.6%

industry: 15%

services: 72.4% (30 October 2015 est.)

Topic: Greenlandagriculture: 15.9%

industry: 10.1%

services: 73.9% (2015 est.)

Topic: Grenadaagriculture: 11%

industry: 20%

services: 69% (2008 est.)

Topic: Guamagriculture: 0.3%

industry: 21.6%

services: 78.1% (2013 est.)

Topic: Guatemalaagriculture: 31.4%

industry: 12.8%

services: 55.8% (2017 est.)

Topic: Guineaagriculture: 76%

industry: 24% (2006 est.)

Topic: Guinea-Bissauagriculture: 82%

industry and services: 18% (2000 est.)

Topic: Guyanaagriculture: NA

industry: NA

services: NA

Topic: Haitiagriculture: 38.1%

industry: 11.5%

services: 50.4% (2010)

Topic: Holy See (Vatican City)note: essentially services with a small amount of industry; nearly all dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and the approximately 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vaticannote: essentially services with a small amount of industry; nearly all dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and the approximately 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican

Topic: Hondurasagriculture: 39.2%

industry: 20.9%

services: 39.8% (2005 est.)

Topic: Hong Kongagriculture: 3.8% (2013 est.)

industry: 2% (2016 est.)

services: 54.5% (2016 est.)

industry and services: 12.5% (2013 est.)

agriculture/fishing/forestry/mining: 10.1% (2013)

manufacturing: 17.1% (2013 est.)

note: above data exclude public sector

Topic: Hungaryagriculture: 4.9%

industry: 30.3%

services: 64.5% (2015 est.)

Topic: Icelandagriculture: 4.8%

industry: 22.2%

services: 73% (2008)

Topic: Indiaagriculture: 47%

industry: 22%

services: 31% (FY 2014 est.)

Topic: Indonesiaagriculture: 32%

industry: 21%

services: 47% (2016 est.)

Topic: Iranagriculture: 16.3%

industry: 35.1%

services: 48.6% (2013 est.)

Topic: Iraqagriculture: 21.6%

industry: 18.7%

services: 59.8% (2008 est.)

Topic: Irelandagriculture: 5%

industry: 11%

services: 84% (2015 est.)

Topic: Isle of Manmanufacturing: 5% (2006 est.)

construction: 8% (2006 est.)

tourism: 1% (2006 est.)

transport and communications: 9% (2006 est.)

agriculture, forestry, and fishing: 2% (2006 est.)

gas, electricity, and water: 1% (2006 est.)

wholesale and retail distribution: 11% (2006 est.)

professional and scientific services: 20% (2006 est.)

public administration: 7% (2006 est.)

banking and finance: 23% (2006 est.)

entertainment and catering: 5% (2006 est.)

miscellaneous services: 8% (2006 est.)

Topic: Israelagriculture: 1.1%

industry: 17.3%

services: 81.6% (2015 est.)

Topic: Italyagriculture: 3.9%

industry: 28.3%

services: 67.8% (2011)

Topic: Jamaicaagriculture: 16.1%

industry: 16%

services: 67.9% (2017)

Topic: Japanagriculture: 2.9%

industry: 26.2%

services: 70.9% (February 2015 est.)

Topic: Jerseyagriculture: 3%

industry: 12%

services: 85% (2014 est.)

Topic: Jordanagriculture: 2%

industry: 20%

services: 78% (2013 est.)

Topic: Kazakhstanagriculture: 18.1%

industry: 20.4%

services: 61.6% (2017 est.)

Topic: Kenyaagriculture: 61.1%

industry: 6.7%

services: 32.2% (2005 est.)

Topic: Kiribatiagriculture: 15%

industry: 10%

services: 75% (2010)

Topic: Korea, Northagriculture: 37%

industry: 63% (2008 est.)

Topic: Korea, Southagriculture: 4.8%

industry: 24.6%

services: 70.6% (2017 est.)

Topic: Kosovoagriculture: 4.4%

industry: 17.4%

services: 78.2% (2017 est.)

Topic: Kuwaitagriculture: NA

industry: NA

services: NA

Topic: Kyrgyzstanagriculture: 48%

industry: 12.5%

services: 39.5% (2005 est.)

Topic: Laosagriculture: 73.1%

industry: 6.1%

services: 20.6% (2012 est.)

Topic: Latviaagriculture: 7.7%

industry: 24.1%

services: 68.1% (2016 est.)

Topic: Lebanonagriculture: 39% (2009 est.) NA

industry: NA

services: NA

Topic: Lesothoagriculture: 86%

industry and services: 14% (2002 est.)

note: most of the resident population is engaged in subsistence agriculture; roughly 35% of the active male wage earners work in South Africa

Topic: Liberiaagriculture: 70%

industry: 8%

services: 22% (2000 est.)

Topic: Libyaagriculture: 17%

industry: 23%

services: 59% (2004 est.)

Topic: Liechtensteinagriculture: 0.8%

industry: 36.9%

services: 62.3% (2015)

Topic: Lithuaniaagriculture: 9.1%

industry: 25.2%

services: 65.8% (2015 est.)

Topic: Luxembourgagriculture: 1.1%

industry: 20%

services: 78.9% (2013 est.)

Topic: Macauagriculture: 2.5%

industry: 9.8%

services: 4.4%

industry and services: 12.4%

agriculture/fishing/forestry/mining: 15%

manufacturing: 25.9%

construction: 7.1%

transportation and utilities: 2.6%

commerce: 20.3% (2013 est.)

Topic: Malawiagriculture: 76.9%

industry: 4.1%

services: 19% (2013 est.)

Topic: Malaysiaagriculture: 11%

industry: 36%

services: 53% (2012 est.)

Topic: Maldivesagriculture: 7.7%

industry: 22.8%

services: 69.5% (2017 est.)

Topic: Maliagriculture: 80%

industry and services: 20% (2005 est.)

Topic: Maltaagriculture: 1.6%

industry: 20.7%

services: 77.7% (2016 est.)

Topic: Marshall Islandsagriculture: 11%

industry: 16.3%

services: 72.7% (2011 est.)

Topic: Mauritaniaagriculture: 50%

industry: 1.9%

services: 48.1% (2014 est.)

Topic: Mauritiusagriculture: 8%

industry: 29.8%

services: 62.2% (2014 est.)

Topic: Mexicoagriculture: 13.4%

industry: 24.1%

services: 61.9% (2011)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States ofagriculture: 0.9%

industry: 5.2%

services: 93.9% (2013 est.)

note: two-thirds of the labor force are government employees

Topic: Moldovaagriculture: 32.3%

industry: 12%

services: 55.7% (2017 est.)

Topic: Monacoagriculture: 0%

industry: 16.1%

services: 83.9% (2012 est.)

Topic: Mongoliaagriculture: 31.1%

industry: 18.5%

services: 50.5% (2016)

Topic: Montenegroagriculture: 7.9%

industry: 17.1%

services: 75% (2017 est.)

Topic: Montserratagriculture: 1.4%

industry: 12.7%

services: 85.9% (2017 est.)

Topic: Moroccoagriculture: 39.1%

industry: 20.3%

services: 40.5% (2014 est.)

Topic: Mozambiqueagriculture: 74.4%

industry: 3.9%

services: 21.7% (2015 est.)

Topic: Namibiaagriculture: 31%

industry: 14%

services: 54% (2013 est.)

note: about half of Namibia's people are unemployed while about two-thirds live in rural areas; roughly two-thirds of rural dwellers rely on subsistence agriculture

Topic: Naurunote: most of the labor force is employed in phosphate mining, public administration, education, and transportationnote: most of the labor force is employed in phosphate mining, public administration, education, and transportation

Topic: Nepalagriculture: 69%

industry: 12%

services: 19% (2015 est.)

Topic: Netherlandsagriculture: 1.2%

industry: 17.2%

services: 81.6% (2015 est.)

Topic: New Caledoniaagriculture: 2.7%

industry: 22.4%

services: 74.9% (2010)

Topic: New Zealandagriculture: 6.6%

industry: 20.7%

services: 72.7% (2017 est.)

Topic: Nicaraguaagriculture: 31%

industry: 18%

services: 50% (2011 est.)

Topic: Nigeragriculture: 79.2%

industry: 3.3%

services: 17.5% (2012 est.)

Topic: Nigeriaagriculture: 70%

industry: 10%

services: 20% (1999 est.)

Topic: Niuenote: most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Boardnote: most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board

Topic: Norfolk Islandagriculture: 6%

industry: 14%

services: 80% (2006 est.)

Topic: North Macedoniaagriculture: 16.2%

industry: 29.2%

services: 54.5% (2017 est.)

Topic: Northern Mariana Islandsagriculture: 1.9%

industry: 10%

services: 88.1% (2010 est.)

Topic: Norwayagriculture: 2.1%

industry: 19.3%

services: 78.6% (2016 est.)

Topic: Omanagriculture: 4.7% NA

industry: 49.6% NA

services: 45% (2016 est.) NA

Topic: Pakistanagriculture: 42.3%

industry: 22.6%

services: 35.1% (FY2015 est.)

Topic: Palauagriculture: 1.2%

industry: 12.4%

services: 86.4% (2016)

Topic: Panamaagriculture: 17%

industry: 18.6%

services: 64.4% (2009 est.)

Topic: Papua New Guineaagriculture: 85%

industry: NA

services: NA

Topic: Paraguayagriculture: 26.5%

industry: 18.5%

services: 55% (2008)

Topic: Peruagriculture: 25.8%

industry: 17.4%

services: 56.8% (2011)

Topic: Philippinesagriculture: 25.4%

industry: 18.3%

services: 56.3% (2017 est.)

Topic: Pitcairn Islandsnote: no business community in the usual sense; some public works; subsistence farming and fishingnote: no business community in the usual sense; some public works; subsistence farming and fishing

Topic: Polandagriculture: 11.5%

industry: 30.4%

services: 57.6% (2015)

Topic: Portugalagriculture: 8.6%

industry: 23.9%

services: 67.5% (2014 est.)

Topic: Puerto Ricoagriculture: 2.1%

industry: 19%

services: 79% (2005 est.)

Topic: Romaniaagriculture: 28.3%

industry: 28.9%

services: 42.8% (2014)

Topic: Russiaagriculture: 9.4%

industry: 27.6%

services: 63% (2016 est.)

Topic: Rwandaagriculture: 75.3%

industry: 6.7%

services: 18% (2012 est.)

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunhaagriculture: 6%

industry: 48%

services: 46% (1987 est.)

Topic: Saint Luciaagriculture: 21.7%

industry: 24.7%

services: 53.6% (2002 est.)

Topic: Saint Martin85 directly or indirectly employed in tourist industry

Topic: Saint Pierre and Miquelonagriculture: 18%

industry: 41%

services: 41% (1996 est.)

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesagriculture: 26%

industry: 17%

services: 57% (1980 est.)

Topic: Samoaagriculture: 65%

industry: 6%

services: 29% (2015 est.)

Topic: San Marinoagriculture: 0.2%

industry: 33.5%

services: 66.3% (September 2013 est.)

Topic: Sao Tome and Principeagriculture: 26.1%

industry: 21.4%

services: 52.5% (2014 est.)

Topic: Saudi Arabiaagriculture: 6.7%

industry: 21.4%

services: 71.9% (2005 est.)

Topic: Senegalagriculture: 77.5%

industry: 22.5%

industry and services: 22.5% (2007 est.)

Topic: Serbiaagriculture: 19.4%

industry: 24.5%

services: 56.1% (2017 est.)

Topic: Seychellesagriculture: 3%

industry: 23%

services: 74% (2006)

Topic: Sierra Leoneagriculture: 61.1%

industry: 5.5%

services: 33.4% (2014 est.)

Topic: Singaporeagriculture: 0.7%

industry: 25.6%

services: 73.7% (2017)

note: excludes non-residents

Topic: Sint Maartenagriculture: 1.1%

industry: 15.2%

services: 83.7% (2008 est.)

Topic: Slovakiaagriculture: 3.9%

industry: 22.7%

services: 73.4% (2015)

Topic: Sloveniaagriculture: 5.5%

industry: 31.2%

services: 63.3% (2017 est.)

Topic: Solomon Islandsagriculture: 75%

industry: 5%

services: 20% (2000 est.)

Topic: Somaliaagriculture: 71%

industry: 29%

industry and services: 29% (1975)

Topic: South Africaagriculture: 4.6%

industry: 23.5%

services: 71.9% (2014 est.)

Topic: Spainagriculture: 4.2%

industry: 24%

services: 71.7% (2009)

Topic: Sri Lankaagriculture: 27%

industry: 26%

services: 47% (31 December 2016)

Topic: Sudanagriculture: 80%

industry: 7%

services: 13% (1998 est.)

Topic: Surinameagriculture: 11.2%

industry: 19.5%

services: 69.3% (2010)

Topic: Swedenagriculture: 2%

industry: 12%

services: 86% (2014 est.)

Topic: Switzerlandagriculture: 3.3%

industry: 19.8%

services: 76.9% (2015)

Topic: Syriaagriculture: 17%

industry: 16%

services: 67% (2008 est.)

Topic: Taiwanagriculture: 4.9%

industry: 35.9%

services: 59.2% (2016 est.)

Topic: Tajikistanagriculture: 43%

industry: 10.6%

services: 46.4% (2016 est.)

Topic: Tanzaniaagriculture: 66.9%

industry: 6.4%

services: 26.6% (2014 est.)

Topic: Thailandagriculture: 31.8%

industry: 16.7%

services: 51.5% (2015 est.)

Topic: Timor-Lesteagriculture: 41%

industry: 13%

services: 45.1% (2013)

Topic: Togoagriculture: 65%

industry: 5%

services: 30% (1998 est.)

Topic: Tongaagriculture: 2,006% (2006 est.)

industry: 27.5% (2006 est.)

services: 2,006% (2006 est.)

Topic: Trinidad and Tobagoagriculture: 3.1%

industry: 11.5%

services: 85.4% (2016 est.)

Topic: Tunisiaagriculture: 14.8%

industry: 33.2%

services: 51.7% (2014 est.)

Topic: Turkey (Turkiye)agriculture: 18.4%

industry: 26.6%

services: 54.9% (2016)

Topic: Turkmenistanagriculture: 48.2%

industry: 14%

services: 37.8% (2004 est.)

Topic: Turks and Caicos Islandsnote: about 33% in government and 20% in agriculture and fishing; significant numbers in tourism, financial, and other servicesnote: about 33% in government and 20% in agriculture and fishing; significant numbers in tourism, financial, and other services

Topic: Tuvalunote: most people make a living through exploitation of the sea, reefs, and atolls - and through overseas remittances (mostly from workers in the phosphate industry and sailors)note: most people make a living through exploitation of the sea, reefs, and atolls - and through overseas remittances (mostly from workers in the phosphate industry and sailors)

Topic: Ugandaagriculture: 71%

industry: 7%

services: 22% (2013 est.)

Topic: Ukraineagriculture: 5.8%

industry: 26.5%

services: 67.8% (2014)

Topic: United Arab Emiratesagriculture: 7%

industry: 15%

services: 78% (2000 est.)

Topic: United Kingdomagriculture: 1.3%

industry: 15.2%

services: 83.5% (2014 est.)

Topic: United Statesagriculture: 0.7% (2009)

industry: 20.3% (2009)

services: 37.3% (2009)

industry and services: 24.2% (2009)

manufacturing: 17.6% (2009)

farming, forestry, and fishing: 0.7% (2009)

manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and crafts: 20.3% (2009)

managerial, professional, and technical: 37.3% (2009)

sales and office: 24.2% (2009)

other services: 17.6% (2009)

note: figures exclude the unemployed

Topic: Uruguayagriculture: 13%

industry: 14%

services: 73% (2010 est.)

Topic: Uzbekistanagriculture: 25.9%

industry: 13.2%

services: 60.9% (2012 est.)

Topic: Vanuatuagriculture: 65%

industry: 5%

services: 30% (2000 est.)

Topic: Venezuelaagriculture: 7.3%

industry: 21.8%

services: 70.9% (4th quarter, 2011 est.)

Topic: Vietnamagriculture: 40.3%

industry: 25.7%

services: 34% (2017)

Topic: Virgin Islandsagriculture: 1%

industry: 19%

services: 80% (2003 est.)

Topic: Wallis and Futunaagriculture: 74%

industry: 3%

services: 23% (2015 est.)

Topic: West Bankagriculture: 11.5%

industry: 34.4%

services: 54.1% (2013 est.)

note: excludes Gaza Strip

Topic: Worldagriculture: 31%

industry: 23.5%

services: 45.5% (2014 est.)

Topic: Yemennote: most people are employed in agriculture and herding; services, construction, industry, and commerce account for less than one-fourth of the labor forcenote: most people are employed in agriculture and herding; services, construction, industry, and commerce account for less than one-fourth of the labor force

Topic: Zambiaagriculture: 54.8%

industry: 9.9%

services: 35.3% (2017 est.)

Topic: Zimbabweagriculture: 67.5%

industry: 7.3%

services: 25.2% (2017 est.)