Topic: Photos of Jersey

Topic: Introduction
Background: Jersey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Duchy of Normandy that held sway in both France and England. These islands were the only British soil occupied by German troops in World War II. The Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown dependency, which means that it is not part of the UK but is rather a self-governing possession of the British Crown. However, the UK Government is constitutionally responsible for its defense and international representation.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest of France
Geographic coordinates: 49 15 N, 2 10 W
Map references: Europe
Area: total: 116 sq km

land: 116 sq km

water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: about two-thirds the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: total: 0 km
Coastline: 70 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm
Climate: temperate; mild winters and cool summers
Terrain: gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast
Elevation: highest point: Les Platons 136 m

lowest point: English Channel 0 m
Natural resources: arable land
Land use: agricultural land: 66% (2018 est.)

arable land: 66% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)

forest: 0% (2018 est.)

other: 34% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: NA
Population distribution: fairly even distribution; no notable trends
Natural hazards: very large tidal variation can be hazardous to navigation
Geography - note: largest and southernmost of Channel Islands; about 30% of population concentrated in Saint Helier
Map description: Jersey map showing this British crown dependency island in the English Channel.Jersey map showing this British crown dependency island in the English Channel.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 102,146 (2022 est.)
Nationality: noun: Channel Islander(s)

adjective: Channel Islander
Ethnic groups: Jersey 44.4%, British 30.5%, Portuguese/Madeiran 9.4%, Polish 3%, Irish 2.1%, other 10.6% (2021 est.)
Languages: English (official) 94.5%, Portuguese 4.6%, other .9% (includes French (official) and Jerriais) (2001 est.)

note: data represent main spoken language; the traditional language of Jersey is Jerriais or Jersey French (a Norman language), which was spoken by fewer than 3,000 people as of 2001;  two thirds of Jerriais speakers are aged 60 and overEnglish (official) 94.5%, Portuguese 4.6%, other .9% (includes French (official) and Jerriais)
Religions: Protestant (Anglican, Baptist, Congregational New Church, Methodist, Presbyterian), Roman Catholic
Age structure: 0-14 years: 16.63% (male 8,689/female 8,124)

15-24 years: 12.98% (male 6,764/female 6,354)

25-54 years: 40.12% (male 20,499/female 20,054)

55-64 years: 13.22% (male 6,515/female 6,844)

65 years and over: 17.05% (2020 est.) (male 7,324/female 9,906)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 49

youth dependency ratio: 22.3

elderly dependency ratio: 26.7

potential support ratio: 3.7 (2020 est.)

note: data represent Guernsey and Jersey
Median age: total: 37.5 years

male: 36 years

female: 39.5 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.64% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 12.41 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 7.75 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: 1.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution: fairly even distribution; no notable trends
Urbanization: urban population: 31.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Guernsey and Jersey
Major urban areas - population: 34,000 SAINT HELIER (capital) (2018)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.61 male(s)/female

total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 3.87 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 4.32 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 3.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 82.63 years

male: 80.13 years

female: 85.28 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.66 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: NA
Drinking water source: improved: total: 94.2% of population

unimproved: total: 5.9% of population (2017 est.)

note: includes data for Guernsey
Current Health Expenditure: NA
Physicians density: NA
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 98.5% of population

unimproved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 1.5% of population (2017)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: NA
Education expenditures: NA
Literacy: total population: NA

male: NA

female: NA

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: habitat and species depletion due to human encroachment; water pollution; improper solid waste disposal
Climate: temperate; mild winters and cool summers
Land use: agricultural land: 66% (2018 est.)

arable land: 66% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)

forest: 0% (2018 est.)

other: 34% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 31.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Guernsey and Jersey
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 178,933 tons (2016 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually: 50,871 tons (2016 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 28.4% (2016 est.)

note: data include combined totals for Guernsey and Jersey.

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: Bailiwick of Jersey

conventional short form: Jersey

former: Norman Isles

etymology: the name is of Old Norse origin, but the meaning of the root "Jer(s)" is uncertain; the "-ey" ending means "island"
Government type: parliamentary democracy (Assembly of the States of Jersey)
Dependency status: British crown dependency
Capital: name: Saint Helier

geographic coordinates: 49 11 N, 2 06 W

time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: named after Saint Helier, the patron saint of Jersey, who was reputedly martyred on the island in A.D. 555
Administrative divisions: none (British crown dependency); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 12 parishes; Grouville, Saint Brelade, Saint Clement, Saint Helier, Saint John, Saint Lawrence, Saint Martin, Saint Mary, Saint Ouen, Saint Peter, Saint Saviour, and Trinity
Independence: none (British Crown dependency)
National holiday: Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)
Constitution: history: unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

amendments: proposed by a government minister to the Assembly of the States of Jersey, by an Assembly member, or by an elected parish head; passage requires several Assembly readings, a majority vote by the Assembly, review by the UK Ministry of Justice, and approval of the British monarch (Royal Assent)
Legal system: the laws of the UK apply where applicable; includes local statutes
Citizenship: see United Kingdom
Suffrage: 16 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant Governor Sir Stephen DALTON (since 13 March 2017)

head of government: Chief Minister John LE FONDRE (since 8 June 2018); Bailiff Timothy Le COCQ (since 17 October 2019)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed individually by the states

elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; Council of Ministers, including the chief minister, indirectly elected by the Assembly of States; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch
Legislative branch: description: unicameral Assembly of the States of Jersey (49 elected members; 8 senators to serve 4-year terms, and 29 deputies and 12 connetables, or heads of parishes, to serve 4-year terms; 5 non-voting members appointed by the monarch include the bailiff, lieutenant governor, dean of Jersey, attorney general, and the solicitor general)

elections: last held on 22 June 2022 (next to be held in 2026)

election results: percent of vote - independents 59.1%, RJ 12.3%, JA 9.2%, BW 7.8%, PP 4.2%, JLC 4.1%, other 3.3%; seats by party - independents 31, RJ 10, JA 1, BW 4, PP 1, JLC 2; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA%
Judicial branch: highest courts: Jersey Court of Appeal (consists of the bailiff, deputy bailiff, and 12 judges); Royal Court (consists of the bailiff, deputy bailiff, 6 commissioners and lay people referred to as jurats, and is organized into Heritage, Family, Probate, and Samedi Divisions); appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)

judge selection and term of office: Jersey Court of Appeal bailiffs and judges appointed by the Crown upon the advice of the Secretary of State for Justice; bailiffs and judges appointed for "extent of good behavior;" Royal Court bailiffs appointed by the Crown upon the advice of the Secretary of State for Justice; commissioners appointed by the bailiff; jurats appointed by the Electoral College; bailiffs and commissioners appointed for "extent of good behavior;" jurats appointed until retirement at age 72

subordinate courts: Magistrate's Court; Youth Court; Petty Debts Court; Parish Hall Enquires (a process of preliminary investigation into youth and minor adult offenses to determine need for presentation before a court)
Political parties and leaders: Better Way or BW (group of independent candidates)
Jersey Alliance or JA [Mark BOLEAT]
Jersey Liberal Conservaties or JLC [Philip BAILHACHE]
Progress Party or PP [Steve PALLETT]
Reform Jersey or RJ [Sam MEZEC]

note: most deputies sit as independents
International organization participation: UPU
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: none (British Crown dependency)
Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: none (British Crown dependency)
Flag description: white with a diagonal red cross extending to the corners of the flag; in the upper quadrant, surmounted by a yellow crown, a red shield with three lions in yellow; according to tradition, the ships of Jersey - in an attempt to differentiate themselves from English ships flying the horizontal cross of St. George - rotated the cross to the "X" (saltire) configuration; because this arrangement still resembled the Irish cross of St. Patrick, the yellow Plantagenet crown and Jersey coat of arms were added
National symbol(s): Jersey cow; national colors: red, white
National anthem: name: "Isle de Siez Nous" (Island Home)

lyrics/music: Gerard LE FEUVRE

note: adopted 2008; serves as a local anthem; as a British Crown dependency, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: Jersey's economy is based on international financial services, agriculture, and tourism. In 2016, the financial services sector accounted for about 41% of the island's output. Agriculture represented about 1% of Jersey’s economy in 2016. Potatoes are an important export crop, shipped mostly to the UK. The Jersey breed of dairy cattle originated on the island and is known worldwide. The dairy industry remains important to the island with approximately $8.8 million gallons of milk produced in 2015. Tourism accounts for a significant portion of Jersey’s economy, with more than 700,000 total visitors in 2015. Living standards come close to those of the UK. All raw material and energy requirements are imported as well as a large share of Jersey's food needs. Light taxes and death duties make the island a popular offshore financial center. Jersey maintains its relationship with the EU through the UK. Therefore, in light of the UK’s decision to leave the EU, Jersey will also need to renegotiate its ties to the EU.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $5.569 billion (2016 est.)

$5.514 billion (2015 est.)

$4.98 billion (2014 est.)

note: data are in 2015 US dollars
Real GDP growth rate: 1% (2016 est.)

10.7% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $56,600 (2016 est.)

$49,500 (2015 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate): $5.004 billion (2015 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.7% (2006)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 2% (2010)

industry: 2% (2010)

services: 96% (2010)
Agricultural products: potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes; beef, dairy products
Industries: tourism, banking and finance, dairy, electronics
Industrial production growth rate: NA
Labor force: 59,950 (2017 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 3%

industry: 12%

services: 85% (2014 est.)
Unemployment rate: 4% (2015 est.)

4.6% (2014 est.)
Population below poverty line: NA
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 0.3 (2014 est.)

0.3 (2013 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: NA

highest 10%: NA
Budget: revenues: 829 million (2005)

expenditures: 851 million (2005)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -0.4% (of GDP) (2005)
Taxes and other revenues: 16.6% (of GDP) (2005)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
Exports: NANA
Exports - commodities: light industrial and electrical goods, dairy cattle, foodstuffs, textiles, flowers
Imports: NANA
Imports - commodities: machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals
Debt - external: NANA
Exchange rates: Jersey pounds (JEP) per US dollar

0.7836 (2017 est.)

0.738 (2016 est.)

0.738 (2015)

0.6542 (2012)

0.6391 (2011 est.)

Topic: Energy
Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2020)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 450,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2012 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 48,310 (2019 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 44 (2019 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 83,900 (2009 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 95 (2009 est.)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: good system with broadband access (2018)

domestic: fixed-line 45 per 100 and mobile-cellular 115 per 100 subscriptions (2020)

international: country code - 44; landing points for the INGRID, UK-Channel Islands-8, and Guernsey-Jersey-4, submarine cable connectivity to Guernsey, the UK, and France (2019)

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
Broadcast media: multiple UK terrestrial TV broadcasts are received via a transmitter in Jersey; satellite packages available; BBC Radio Jersey and 1 other radio station operating
Internet country code: .je
Internet users: total: 44,198 (2019 est.)

percent of population: 41% (2019 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 39,699 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2020 est.)

Topic: Transportation
National air transport system: number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020) (registered in UK)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 4 (registered in UK)
Airports: total: 1 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 1

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2021)
Roadways: total: 576 km (2010)
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier

Topic: Military and Security
Military - note: defense is the responsibility of the UK

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: none identifiednone identified


This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States in the year noted. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The differences between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the wealthy industrialized countries are generally much smaller.

Topic: Afghanistan$77.04 billion (2020 est.)

$78.56 billion (2019 est.)

$75.6 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Albania$37.73 billion (2020 est.)

$39.02 billion (2019 est.)

$38.19 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Algeria$468.4 billion (2020 est.)

$495.56 billion (2019 est.)

$491.63 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: American Samoa$658 million (2016 est.)

$674.9 million (2015 est.)

$666.9 billion (2014 est.)

note: data are in 2016 US dollars

Topic: Andorra$3.327 billion (2015 est.)

$3.363 billion (2014 est.)

$3.273 billion (2013 est.)

note: data are in 2012 US dollars

Topic: Angola$203.71 billion (2020 est.)

$212.29 billion (2019 est.)

$213.62 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Anguilla$175.4 million (2009 est.)

$191.7 million (2008 est.)

$108.9 million (2004 est.)

Topic: Antigua and Barbuda$1.76 billion (2020 est.)

$2.09 billion (2019 est.)

$2.02 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Argentina$893.31 billion (2020 est.)

$991.52 billion (2019 est.)

$1,012,670,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Armenia$37.31 billion (2020 est.)

$40.38 billion (2019 est.)

$37.53 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Aruba$4.158 billion (2017 est.)

$4.05 billion (2017 est.)

$4.107 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Australia$1,250,900,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,254,480,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,227,940,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Austria$463.12 billion (2020 est.)

$495.8 billion (2019 est.)

$488.86 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Azerbaijan$138.51 billion (2020 est.)

$144.74 billion (2019 est.)

$141.24 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Bahamas, The$12.1 billion (2020 est.)

$14.45 billion (2019 est.)

$14.28 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Bahrain$69.65 billion (2020 est.)

$73.95 billion (2019 est.)

$72.51 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Bangladesh$793.49 billion (2020 est.)

$775.08 billion (2019 est.)

$716.65 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Barbados$3.7 billion (2020 est.)

$4.49 billion (2019 est.)

$4.49 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Belarus$179.97 billion (2020 est.)

$181.61 billion (2019 est.)

$179.1 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Belgium$557.11 billion (2020 est.)

$594.47 billion (2019 est.)

$584.05 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Belize$2.43 billion (2020 est.)

$2.83 billion (2019 est.)

$2.78 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Benin$40.29 billion (2020 est.)

$38.79 billion (2019 est.)

$36.3 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Bermuda$5.23 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars

$5.2 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars

$5.227 billion (2017 est.)

Topic: Bhutan$8.42 billion (2020 est.)

$9.03 billion (2019 est.)

$8.56 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Bolivia$92.59 billion (2020 est.)

$100.45 billion (2019 est.)

$98.27 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovina$47.05 billion (2020 est.)

$49.17 billion (2019 est.)

$47.82 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Botswana$37.72 billion (2020 est.)

$40.95 billion (2019 est.)

$39.75 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Brazil$2,989,430,000,000 (2020 est.)

$3,115,910,000,000 (2019 est.)

$3,072,550,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: British Virgin Islands$500 million (2017 est.)

$490.2 million (2016 est.)

$481.1 million (2015 est.)

Topic: Brunei$27.23 billion (2020 est.)

$26.91 billion (2019 est.)

$25.9 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Bulgaria$155.06 billion (2020 est.)

$161.78 billion (2019 est.)

$156.02 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Burkina Faso$45.16 billion (2020 est.)

$44.27 billion (2019 est.)

$41.88 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Burma$247.24 billion (2020 est.)

$274.69 billion (2019 est.)

$270.11 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Burundi$8.69 billion (2020 est.)

$8.67 billion (2019 est.)

$8.51 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Cabo Verde$3.36 billion (2020 est.)

$3.94 billion (2019 est.)

$3.73 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Cambodia$70.08 billion (2020 est.)

$72.36 billion (2019 est.)

$67.59 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Cameroon$94.94 billion (2020 est.)

$94.25 billion (2019 est.)

$90.87 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Canada$1,742,790,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,842,330,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,808,660,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Cayman Islands$4.78 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars

$4.61 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars

$4.409 billion (2017 est.)

Topic: Central African Republic$4.483 billion (2019 est.)

$4.354 billion (2018 est.)

$4.195 billion (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Chad$24.97 billion (2020 est.)

$25.19 billion (2019 est.)

$24.4 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Chile$445.88 billion (2020 est.)

$473.19 billion (2019 est.)

$468.77 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: China$23,009,780,000,000 (2020 est.)

$22,492,450,000,000 (2019 est.)

$21,229,360,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Christmas IslandNANA

Topic: Cocos (Keeling) IslandsNANA

Topic: Colombia$683.94 billion (2020 est.)

$734.22 billion (2019 est.)

$710.89 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Comoros$2.73 billion (2020 est.)

$2.6 billion (2019 est.)

$2.55 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of the$96.03 billion (2020 est.)

$95.29 billion (2019 est.)

$91.29 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Congo, Republic of the$19.03 billion (2020 est.)

$20.68 billion (2019 est.)

$20.63 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Cook Islands$299.9 million (2016 est.)

$183.2 million (2015 est.)

Topic: Costa Rica$100.25 billion (2020 est.)

$105.02 billion (2019 est.)

$102.79 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Cote d'Ivoire$136.48 billion (2020 est.)

$134.05 billion (2019 est.)

$126.19 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Croatia$107.11 billion (2020 est.)

$116.89 billion (2019 est.)

$113.64 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Cuba$137 billion (2017 est.)

$134.8 billion (2016 est.)

$134.2 billion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2016 US dollars

Topic: Curacao$3.86 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars

$3.99 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars

$4.08 billion (2017 est.)

Topic: Cyprus$33.67 billion (2020 est.)

$35.48 billion (2019 est.)

$34.42 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Czechia$409.97 billion (2020 est.)

$434.31 billion (2019 est.)

$424.48 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Denmark$326.2 billion (2020 est.)

$335.36 billion (2019 est.)

$326.07 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Djibouti$5.42 billion (2020 est.)

$5.39 billion (2019 est.)

$5 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Dominica$710 million (2020 est.)

$850 million (2019 est.)

$830 million (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Dominican Republic$184.45 billion (2020 est.)

$197.74 billion (2019 est.)

$188.23 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Ecuador$182.24 billion (2020 est.)

$197.55 billion (2019 est.)

$197.53 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Egypt$1,223,040,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,180,890,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,118,720,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: El Salvador$52.26 billion (2020 est.)

$56.77 billion (2019 est.)

$55.31 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Equatorial Guinea$23.86 billion (2020 est.)

$25.09 billion (2019 est.)

$26.68 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Eritrea$9.702 billion (2017 est.)

$8.953 billion (2016 est.)

$8.791 billion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Estonia$47.44 billion (2020 est.)

$48.87 billion (2019 est.)

$46.54 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Eswatini$9.74 billion (2020 est.)

$9.9 billion (2019 est.)

$9.68 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Ethiopia$264.05 billion (2020 est.)

$248.97 billion (2019 est.)

$229.76 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: European Union$19,885,625,000,000 (2019 est.)

$19,551,328,000,000 (2018 est.)

$19,115,988,000,000 (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)$206.4 million (2015 est.)

$164.5 million (2014 est.)

$167.5 million (2013 est.)

Topic: Faroe Islands$2.001 billion (2014 est.)

$1.89 billion (2013 est.)

$1.608 billion (2012 est.)

Topic: Fiji$9.86 billion (2020 est.)

$12.18 billion (2019 est.)

$12.23 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Finland$261.39 billion (2020 est.)

$268.84 billion (2019 est.)

$265.46 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: France$2,832,170,000,000 (2020 est.)

$3,082,300,000,000 (2019 est.)

$3,036,490,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: French Polynesia$5.49 billion (2017 est.)

$5.383 billion (2016 est.)

$6.963 billion (2015 est.)

Topic: Gabon$32.05 billion (2020 est.)

$32.48 billion (2019 est.)

$31.25 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Gambia, The$5.22 billion (2020 est.)

$5.22 billion (2019 est.)

$4.92 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Gaza Stripsee entry for the West Banksee entry for the West Bank

Topic: Georgia$52.33 billion (2020 est.)

$55.76 billion (2019 est.)

$53.12 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Germany$4,238,800,000,000 (2020 est.)

$4,457,050,000,000 (2019 est.)

$4,432,430,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Ghana$164.84 billion (2020 est.)

$164.16 billion (2019 est.)

$154.13 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Gibraltar$2.044 billion (2014 est.)

$1.85 billion (2013 est.)

$2 billion (2012 est.)

note: data are in 2014 dollars

Topic: Greece$292.4 billion (2020 est.)

$318.68 billion (2019 est.)

$312.87 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Greenland$2.413 billion (2015 est.)

$2.24 billion (2014 est.)

$2.203 billion (2013 est.)

note: data are in 2015 US dollars

Topic: Grenada$1.7 billion (2020 est.)

$1.91 billion (2019 est.)

$1.87 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Guam$5.793 billion (2016 est.)

$5.697 billion (2015 est.)

$5.531 billion (2014 est.)

Topic: Guatemala$141.5 billion (2020 est.)

$143.68 billion (2019 est.)

$138.33 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Guernsey$3.465 billion (2015 est.)

$3.451 billion (2014 est.)

$3.42 billion (2013 est.)

note: data are in 2015 dollars

Topic: Guinea$35.08 billion (2020 est.)

$32.78 billion (2019 est.)

$31.03 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Guinea-Bissau$3.64 billion (2020 est.)

$3.73 billion (2019 est.)

$3.56 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Guyana$14.69 billion (2020 est.)

$10.24 billion (2019 est.)

$9.72 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Haiti$31.62 billion (2020 est.)

$32.72 billion (2019 est.)

$33.28 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Holy See (Vatican City)NANA

Topic: Honduras$50.89 billion (2020 est.)

$55.91 billion (2019 est.)

$54.46 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Hong Kong$420.13 billion (2020 est.)

$447.34 billion (2019 est.)

$454.98 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Hungary$302.32 billion (2020 est.)

$318.09 billion (2019 est.)

$303.98 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Iceland$19.16 billion (2020 est.)

$20.52 billion (2019 est.)

$20.01 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: India$8,443,360,000,000 (2020 est.)

$9,174,040,000,000 (2019 est.)

$8,817,670,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Indonesia$3,130,470,000,000 (2020 est.)

$3,196,620,000,000 (2019 est.)

$3,043,880,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Iran$1,044,310,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,027,240,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1.102 trillion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Iraq$372.27 billion (2020 est.)

$415.32 billion (2019 est.)

$397.64 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Ireland$447.97 billion (2020 est.)

$433.17 billion (2019 est.)

$410.33 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Isle of Man$6.792 billion (2015 est.)

$7.428 billion (2014 est.)

$6.298 billion (2013 est.)

note: data are in 2014 US dollars

Topic: Israel$353.39 billion (2020 est.)

$362.23 billion (2019 est.)

$350.15 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Italy$2,322,140,000,000 (2020 est.)

$2,548,190,000,000 (2019 est.)

$2,540,890,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Jamaica$25.89 billion (2020 est.)

$28.83 billion (2019 est.)

$28.57 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Japan$5,224,850,000,000 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars

$5,210,770,000,000 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars

$5,180,326,000,000 (2017 est.)

Topic: Jersey$5.569 billion (2016 est.)

$5.514 billion (2015 est.)

$4.98 billion (2014 est.)

note: data are in 2015 US dollars

Topic: Jordan$100.16 billion (2020 est.)

$101.74 billion (2019 est.)

$99.79 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Kazakhstan$475.18 billion (2020 est.)

$487.87 billion (2019 est.)

$466.86 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Kenya$226.94 billion (2020 est.)

$227.64 billion (2019 est.)

$216.05 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Kiribati$270 million (2020 est.)

$270 million (2019 est.)

$260 million (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Korea, North$40 billion (2015 est.)

$40 billion (2014 est.)

$40 billion (2013 est.)

note: data are in 2015 US dollars

North Korea does not publish reliable National Income Accounts data; the data shown are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP estimates that were made by Angus MADDISON in a study conducted for the OECD; his figure for 1999 was extrapolated to 2015 using estimated real growth rates for North Korea's GDP and an inflation factor based on the US GDP deflator; the results were rounded to the nearest $10 billion.

Topic: Korea, South$2,187,800,000,000 (2020 est.)

$2,208,960,000,000 (2019 est.)

$2,164,810,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Kosovo$19.13 billion (2020 est.)

$20.55 billion (2019 est.)

$19.58 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Kuwait$209.74 billion (2019 est.)

$208.85 billion (2018 est.)

$206.274 billion (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Kyrgyzstan$31.02 billion (2020 est.)

$33.95 billion (2019 est.)

$32.46 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Laos$56.79 billion (2020 est.)

$56.54 billion (2019 est.)

$53.62 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Latvia$56.92 billion (2020 est.)

$59.06 billion (2019 est.)

$57.88 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Lebanon$79.51 billion (2020 est.)

$99.76 billion (2019 est.)

$106.93 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Lesotho$4.88 billion (2020 est.)

$5.49 billion (2019 est.)

$5.51 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Liberia$6.85 billion (2020 est.)

$7.05 billion (2019 est.)

$7.21 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Libya$70.65 billion (2020 est.)

$102.84 billion (2019 est.)

$100.3 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Liechtenstein$4.978 billion (2014 est.)

$3.2 billion (2009 est.)

$3.216 billion (2008 est.)

Topic: Lithuania$102.66 billion (2020 est.)

$103.56 billion (2019 est.)

$99.25 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Luxembourg$69.72 billion (2020 est.)

$70.64 billion (2019 est.)

$69.06 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Macau$35.58 billion (2020 est.)

$81.44 billion (2019 est.)

$83.64 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Madagascar$41.82 billion (2020 est.)

$43.65 billion (2019 est.)

$41.81 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Malawi$28.44 billion (2020 est.)

$28.22 billion (2019 est.)

$26.69 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Malaysia$855.6 billion (2020 est.)

$906.24 billion (2019 est.)

$868.85 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Maldives$7.05 billion (2020 est.)

$10.37 billion (2019 est.)

$9.69 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Mali$44.89 billion (2020 est.)

$45.64 billion (2019 est.)

$43.57 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Malta$20.6 billion (2020 est.)

$22.15 billion (2019 est.)

$20.99 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Marshall Islands$240 million (2019 est.)

$220 million (2018 est.)

$219 million (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Mauritania$23.17 billion (2020 est.)

$23.52 billion (2019 est.)

$22.2 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Mauritius$24.64 billion (2020 est.)

$28.95 billion (2019 est.)

$28.1 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Mexico$2,306,320,000,000 (2020 est.)

$2,513,410,000,000 (2019 est.)

$2,514,780,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States of$390 million (2019 est.)

$390 million (2018 est.)

$389 million (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Moldova$32.26 billion (2020 est.)

$34.68 billion (2019 est.)

$33.48 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Monaco$7.672 billion (2015 est.)

$7.279 billion (2014 est.)

$6.79 billion (2013 est.)

note: data are in 2015 US dollars

Topic: Mongolia$37.6 billion (2020 est.)

$39.72 billion (2019 est.)

$37.77 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Montenegro$11.36 billion (2020 est.)

$13.39 billion (2019 est.)

$12.87 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Montserrat$167.4 million (2011 est.)

$155.9 million (2010 est.)

$162.7 million (2009 est.)

Topic: Morocco$259.42 billion (2020 est.)

$279.3 billion (2019 est.)

$272.53 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Mozambique$38.42 billion (2020 est.)

$38.91 billion (2019 est.)

$38.04 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Namibia$22.6 billion (2020 est.)

$24.56 billion (2019 est.)

$24.71 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Nauru$150 million (2019 est.)

$150 million (2018 est.)

$137 million (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Nepal$110.72 billion (2020 est.)

$113.08 billion (2019 est.)

$106.03 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Netherlands$945.48 billion (2020 est.)

$982.22 billion (2019 est.)

$966.02 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: New Caledonia$11.11 billion (2017 est.)

$10.89 billion (2016 est.)

$10.77 billion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2015 dollars

Topic: New Zealand$215.6 billion (2020 est.)

$213.5 billion (2019 est.)

$210.07 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Nicaragua$34.98 billion (2020 est.)

$35.68 billion (2019 est.)

$37.05 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Niger$28.97 billion (2020 est.)

$28.54 billion (2019 est.)

$26.95 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Nigeria$1,013,530,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,032,050,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,009,750,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Niue$10.01 million (2003 est.)

Topic: Norfolk IslandNANA

Topic: North Macedonia$33.02 billion (2020 est.)

$34.59 billion (2019 est.)

$33.52 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars; Macedonia has a large informal sector that may not be reflected in these data

Topic: Northern Mariana Islands$1.242 billion (2016 est.)

$933 million (2015 est.)

$845 million (2014 est.)

note: GDP estimate includes US subsidy; data are in 2013 dollars

Topic: Norway$342.06 billion (2020 est.)

$344.69 billion (2019 est.)

$341.78 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Oman$135.79 billion (2019 est.)

$136.92 billion (2018 est.)

$135.696 billion (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Pakistan$1,021,130,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,015,800,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,005,850,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
data are for fiscal years

Topic: Palau$320 million (2019 est.)

$330 million (2018 est.)

$317 million (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Panama$109.52 billion (2020 est.)

$133.47 billion (2019 est.)

$129.54 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Papua New Guinea$36.69 billion (2020 est.)

$38.17 billion (2019 est.)

$36.06 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Paraguay$87.98 billion (2020 est.)

$88.87 billion (2019 est.)

$89.23 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Peru$371.29 billion (2020 est.)

$417.88 billion (2019 est.)

$408.87 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Philippines$871.56 billion (2020 est.)

$963.83 billion (2019 est.)

$908.26 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Pitcairn IslandsNANA

Topic: Poland$1,223,460,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,257,440,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,202,820,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Portugal$331.64 billion (2020 est.)

$358.78 billion (2019 est.)

$350.07 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Puerto Rico$106.82 billion (2020 est.)

$111.16 billion (2019 est.)

$109.53 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Qatar$245.66 billion (2020 est.)

$255.01 billion (2019 est.)

$253.05 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Romania$556.07 billion (2020 est.)

$578.39 billion (2019 est.)

$555.47 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Russia$3,875,690,000,000 (2020 est.)

$3,993,550,000,000 (2019 est.)

$3,913,980,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Rwanda$27.18 billion (2020 est.)

$28.13 billion (2019 est.)

$25.7 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha$31.1 million (2009 est.)

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevis$1.24 billion (2020 est.)

$1.39 billion (2019 est.)

$1.36 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Saint Lucia$2.25 billion (2020 est.)

$2.82 billion (2019 est.)

$2.78 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Saint Martin$561.5 million (2005 est.)

Topic: Saint Pierre and Miquelon$261.3 million (2015 est.)

$215.3 million (2006 est.)

note: supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines$1.34 billion (2020 est.)

$1.38 billion (2019 est.)

$1.37 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Samoa$1.25 billion (2020 est.)

$1.28 billion (2019 est.)

$1.24 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: San Marino$2.06 billion (2019 est.)

$2.01 billion (2018 est.)

$1.982 billion (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Sao Tome and Principe$890 million (2020 est.)

$860 million (2019 est.)

$840 million (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Saudi Arabia$1,543,240,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,609,320,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,604,010,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Senegal$55.26 billion (2020 est.)

$54.78 billion (2019 est.)

$52.47 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Serbia$125.8 billion (2020 est.)

$127.04 billion (2019 est.)

$121.87 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Seychelles$2.4 billion (2020 est.)

$2.69 billion (2019 est.)

$2.65 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Sierra Leone$13.15 billion (2020 est.)

$13.44 billion (2019 est.)

$12.72 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Singapore$531.04 billion (2020 est.)

$561.3 billion (2019 est.)

$553.85 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Sint Maarten$1.44 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars

$1.436 billion (2018 est.)

$1.538 billion (2017 est.)

Topic: Slovakia$165.57 billion (2020 est.)

$173.83 billion (2019 est.)

$169.57 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Slovenia$76.75 billion (2020 est.)

$81.25 billion (2019 est.)

$78.74 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Solomon Islands$1.71 billion (2020 est.)

$1.78 billion (2019 est.)

$1.76 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Somalia$13.19 billion (2020 est.)

$13.39 billion (2019 est.)

$13.01 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 US dollars

Topic: South Africa$680.04 billion (2020 est.)

$730.91 billion (2019 est.)

$729.8 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: South Sudan$20.01 billion (2017 est.)

$21.1 billion (2016 est.)

$24.52 billion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Spain$1,714,860,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,923,330,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,886,540,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Sri Lanka$274.8 billion (2020 est.)

$284.97 billion (2019 est.)

$278.68 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Sudan$176.4 billion (2020 est.)

$179.2 billion (2019 est.)

$181.61 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Suriname$9.46 billion (2020 est.)

$11.07 billion (2019 est.)

$10.95 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Sweden$524.75 billion (2020 est.)

$539.96 billion (2019 est.)

$532.67 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Switzerland$590.71 billion (2020 est.)

$608.16 billion (2019 est.)

$601.65 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Syria$50.28 billion (2015 est.)

$55.8 billion (2014 est.)

$61.9 billion (2013 est.)

note: data are in 2015 US dollars
the war-driven deterioration of the economy resulted in a disappearance of quality national level statistics in the 2012-13 period

Topic: Taiwan$1,143,277,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,113,126,000,000 (2018 est.)

$1,083,384,000,000 (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2010 dollars

Topic: Tajikistan$34.88 billion (2020 est.)

$33.38 billion (2019 est.)

$31.08 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Tanzania$152.79 billion (2020 est.)

$149.79 billion (2019 est.)

$141.59 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Thailand$1,206,620,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,284,830,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,256,360,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Timor-Leste$4.19 billion (2020 est.)

$4.59 billion (2019 est.)

$3.87 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Togo$17.45 billion (2020 est.)

$17.15 billion (2019 est.)

$16.26 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Tokelau$7,711,583 (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars.

Topic: Tonga$670 million (2019 est.)

$660 million (2018 est.)

$660 million (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Trinidad and Tobago$33.21 billion (2020 est.)

$36.03 billion (2019 est.)

$36.48 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Tunisia$114.97 billion (2020 est.)

$125.78 billion (2019 est.)

$124.48 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Turkey (Turkiye)$2,393,960,000,000 (2020 est.)

$2,352,640,000,000 (2019 est.)

$2,331,270,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Turkmenistan$92.33 billion (2019 est.)

$86.86 billion (2018 est.)

$81.787 billion (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Turks and Caicos Islands$820 million (2020 est.)

$1.12 billion (2019 est.)

$1.06 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Tuvalu$50 million (2020 est.)

$50 million (2019 est.)

$50 million (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Uganda$99.61 billion (2020 est.)

$96.84 billion (2019 est.)

$90.67 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Ukraine$516.68 billion (2020 est.)

$538.33 billion (2019 est.)

$521.52 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: United Arab Emirates$655.79 billion (2019 est.)

$644.97 billion (2018 est.)

$637.384 billion (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: United Kingdom$2,797,980,000,000 (2020 est.)

$3,101,640,000,000 (2019 est.)

$3,059,690,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: United States$19,846,720,000,000 (2020 est.)

$20,563,590,000,000 (2019 est.)

$20,128,580,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Uruguay$75.06 billion (2020 est.)

$79.73 billion (2019 est.)

$79.45 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Uzbekistan$239.42 billion (2020 est.)

$235.54 billion (2019 est.)

$222.63 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Vanuatu$850 million (2020 est.)

$930 million (2019 est.)

$910 million (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Venezuela$269.068 billion (2018 est.)

$381.6 billion (2017 est.)

$334.751 billion (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Vietnam$798.21 billion (2020 est.)

$775.67 billion (2019 est.)

$724.81 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Virgin Islands$3.872 billion (2016 est.)

$3.759 billion (2015 est.)

$3.622 billion (2014 est.)

note: data are in 2013 dollars

Topic: Wallis and Futuna$60 million (2004 est.)

Topic: West Bank$25.91 billion (2020 est.)

$29.26 billion (2019 est.)

$28.87 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars and includes Gaza Strip

Topic: World$127.8 trillion (2017 est.)

$123.3 trillion (2016 est.)

$119.5 trillion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Yemen$73.63 billion (2017 est.)

$78.28 billion (2016 est.)

$90.63 billion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Zambia$60.12 billion (2020 est.)

$61.99 billion (2019 est.)

$61.1 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Zimbabwe$40.79 billion (2020 est.)

$44.34 billion (2019 est.)

$48.25 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars


Topic: Photos of United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges

Topic: Introduction
Background: All of the following US Pacific island territories except Midway Atoll constitute the Pacific Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) Complex and as such are managed by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior. Midway Atoll NWR has been included in a Refuge Complex with the Hawaiian Islands NWR and also designated as part of Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument. These remote refuges are the most widespread collection of marine- and terrestrial-life protected areas on the planet under a single country's jurisdiction. They sustain many endemic species including corals, fish, shellfish, marine mammals, seabirds, water birds, land birds, insects, and vegetation not found elsewhere. Baker Island: The US took possession of the island in 1857. Its guano deposits were mined by US and British companies during the second half of the 19th century. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization began on this island but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned. The island was established as a NWR in 1974. Howland Island: Discovered by the US early in the 19th century, the uninhabited atoll was officially claimed by the US in 1857. Both US and British companies mined for guano deposits until about 1890. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization began on this island, similar to the effort on nearby Baker Island, but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned. The famed American aviatrix Amelia EARHART disappeared while seeking out Howland Island as a refueling stop during her 1937 round-the-world flight; Earhart Light, a day beacon near the middle of the west coast, was named in her memory. The island was established as a NWR in 1974.

Jarvis Island: First discovered by the British in 1821, the uninhabited island was annexed by the US in 1858 but abandoned in 1879 after tons of guano had been removed. The UK annexed the island in 1889 but never carried out plans for further exploitation. The US occupied and reclaimed the island in 1935. It was abandoned in 1942 during World War II. The island was established as a NWR in 1974. Johnston Atoll: Both the US and the Kingdom of Hawaii annexed Johnston Atoll in 1858, but it was the US that mined the guano deposits until the late 1880s. Johnston and Sand Islands were designated wildlife refuges in 1926. The US Navy took over the atoll in 1934. Subsequently, the US Air Force assumed control in 1948. The site was used for high-altitude nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s. Until late in 2000 the atoll was maintained as a storage and disposal site for chemical weapons. Munitions destruction, cleanup, and closure of the facility were completed by May 2005. The Fish and Wildlife Service and the US Air Force are currently discussing future management options; in the interim, Johnston Atoll and the three-mile Naval Defensive Sea around it remain under the jurisdiction and administrative control of the US Air Force. Kingman Reef: The US annexed the reef in 1922. Its sheltered lagoon served as a way station for flying boats on Hawaii-to-American Samoa flights during the late 1930s. There are no terrestrial plants on the reef, which is frequently awash, but it does support abundant and diverse marine fauna and flora. In 2001, the waters surrounding the reef out to 12 nm were designated a NWR. Midway Islands: The US took formal possession of the islands in 1867. The laying of the transpacific cable, which passed through the islands, brought the first residents in 1903. Between 1935 and 1947, Midway was used as a refueling stop for transpacific flights. The US naval victory over a Japanese fleet off Midway in 1942 was one of the turning points of World War II. The islands continued to serve as a naval station until closed in 1993. Today the islands are a NWR and are the site of the world's largest Laysan albatross colony. Palmyra Atoll: The Kingdom of Hawaii claimed the atoll in 1862, and the US included it among the Hawaiian Islands when it annexed the archipelago in 1898. The Hawaii Statehood Act of 1959 did not include Palmyra Atoll, which is now partly privately owned by the Nature Conservancy with the rest owned by the Federal government and managed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. These organizations are managing the atoll as a wildlife refuge. The lagoons and surrounding waters within the 12-nm US territorial seas were transferred to the US Fish and Wildlife Service and designated a NWR in January 2001.All of the following US Pacific island territories except Midway Atoll constitute the Pacific Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) Complex and as such are managed by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior. Midway Atoll NWR has been included in a Refuge Complex with the Hawaiian Islands NWR and also designated as part of Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument. These remote refuges are the most widespread collection of marine- and terrestrial-life protected areas on the planet under a single country's jurisdiction. They sustain many endemic species including corals, fish, shellfish, marine mammals, seabirds, water birds, land birds, insects, and vegetation not found elsewhere.Baker Island: The US took possession of the island in 1857. Its guano deposits were mined by US and British companies during the second half of the 19th century. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization began on this island but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned. The island was established as a NWR in 1974.Howland Island: Discovered by the US early in the 19th century, the uninhabited atoll was officially claimed by the US in 1857. Both US and British companies mined for guano deposits until about 1890. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization began on this island, similar to the effort on nearby Baker Island, but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned. The famed American aviatrix Amelia EARHART disappeared while seeking out Howland Island as a refueling stop during her 1937 round-the-world flight; Earhart Light, a day beacon near the middle of the west coast, was named in her memory. The island was established as a NWR in 1974.

Jarvis Island: First discovered by the British in 1821, the uninhabited island was annexed by the US in 1858 but abandoned in 1879 after tons of guano had been removed. The UK annexed the island in 1889 but never carried out plans for further exploitation. The US occupied and reclaimed the island in 1935. It was abandoned in 1942 during World War II. The island was established as a NWR in 1974.Johnston Atoll: Both the US and the Kingdom of Hawaii annexed Johnston Atoll in 1858, but it was the US that mined the guano deposits until the late 1880s. Johnston and Sand Islands were designated wildlife refuges in 1926. The US Navy took over the atoll in 1934. Subsequently, the US Air Force assumed control in 1948. The site was used for high-altitude nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s. Until late in 2000 the atoll was maintained as a storage and disposal site for chemical weapons. Munitions destruction, cleanup, and closure of the facility were completed by May 2005. The Fish and Wildlife Service and the US Air Force are currently discussing future management options; in the interim, Johnston Atoll and the three-mile Naval Defensive Sea around it remain under the jurisdiction and administrative control of the US Air Force.Kingman Reef: The US annexed the reef in 1922. Its sheltered lagoon served as a way station for flying boats on Hawaii-to-American Samoa flights during the late 1930s. There are no terrestrial plants on the reef, which is frequently awash, but it does support abundant and diverse marine fauna and flora. In 2001, the waters surrounding the reef out to 12 nm were designated a NWR.Midway Islands: The US took formal possession of the islands in 1867. The laying of the transpacific cable, which passed through the islands, brought the first residents in 1903. Between 1935 and 1947, Midway was used as a refueling stop for transpacific flights. The US naval victory over a Japanese fleet off Midway in 1942 was one of the turning points of World War II. The islands continued to serve as a naval station until closed in 1993. Today the islands are a NWR and are the site of the world's largest Laysan albatross colony.Palmyra Atoll: The Kingdom of Hawaii claimed the atoll in 1862, and the US included it among the Hawaiian Islands when it annexed the archipelago in 1898. The Hawaii Statehood Act of 1959 did not include Palmyra Atoll, which is now partly privately owned by the Nature Conservancy with the rest owned by the Federal government and managed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. These organizations are managing the atoll as a wildlife refuge. The lagoons and surrounding waters within the 12-nm US territorial seas were transferred to the US Fish and Wildlife Service and designated a NWR in January 2001.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: OceaniaBaker Island: atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 3,390 km southwest of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and Australia; Howland Island: island in the North Pacific Ocean 3,360 km southwest of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and Australia; Jarvis Island: island in the South Pacific Ocean 2,415 km south of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and Cook Islands; Johnston Atoll: atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 1,330 km southwest of Honolulu, about one-third of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands; Kingman Reef: reef in the North Pacific Ocean 1,720 km south of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and American Samoa; Midway Islands: atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 2,335 km northwest of Honolulu near the end of the Hawaiian Archipelago, about one-third of the way from Honolulu to Tokyo; Palmyra Atoll: atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 1,780 km south of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and American SamoaOceaniaBaker Island: atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 3,390 km southwest of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and Australia; Howland Island: island in the North Pacific Ocean 3,360 km southwest of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and Australia; Jarvis Island: island in the South Pacific Ocean 2,415 km south of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and Cook Islands; Johnston Atoll: atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 1,330 km southwest of Honolulu, about one-third of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands; Kingman Reef: reef in the North Pacific Ocean 1,720 km south of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and American Samoa; Midway Islands: atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 2,335 km northwest of Honolulu near the end of the Hawaiian Archipelago, about one-third of the way from Honolulu to Tokyo; Palmyra Atoll: atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 1,780 km south of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and American Samoa
Geographic coordinates: Baker Island: 0 13 N, 176 28 W; Howland Island: 0 48 N, 176 38 W; Jarvis Island: 0 23 S, 160 01 W; Johnston Atoll: 16 45 N, 169 31 W; Kingman Reef: 6 23 N, 162 25 W; Midway Islands: 28 12 N, 177 22 W; Palmyra Atoll: 5 53 N, 162 05 WBaker Island: 0 13 N, 176 28 W; Howland Island: 0 48 N, 176 38 W; Jarvis Island: 0 23 S, 160 01 W; Johnston Atoll: 16 45 N, 169 31 W; Kingman Reef: 6 23 N, 162 25 W; Midway Islands: 28 12 N, 177 22 W; Palmyra Atoll: 5 53 N, 162 05 W
Map references: Oceania
Area: land: 6,959.41 sq km (emergent land - 22.41 sq km; submerged - 6,937 sq km)

Baker Island: total - 129.1 sq km; emergent land - 2.1 sq km; submerged - 127 sq km
 Howland Island: total - 138.6 sq km; emergent land - 2.6 sq km; submerged - 136 sq km
 Jarvis Island: total - 152 sq km; emergent land - 5 sq km; submerged - 147 sq km
 Johnston Atoll: total - 276.6 sq km; emergent land - 2.6 sq km; submerged - 274 sq km
 Kingman Reef: total - 1,958.01 sq km; emergent land - 0.01 sq km; submerged - 1,958 sq km
 Midway Islands: total - 2,355.2 sq km; emergent land - 6.2 sq km; submerged - 2,349 sq km
 Palmyra Atoll: total - 1,949.9 sq km; emergent land - 3.9 sq km; submerged - 1,946 sq km
Area - comparative: Baker Island: about 2.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Howland Island: about three times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Jarvis Island: about eight times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Johnston Atoll: about 4.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Kingman Reef: a little more than 1.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Midway Islands: about nine times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Palmyra Atoll: about 20 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DCBaker Island: about 2.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Howland Island: about three times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Jarvis Island: about eight times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Johnston Atoll: about 4.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Kingman Reef: a little more than 1.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Midway Islands: about nine times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Palmyra Atoll: about 20 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC
Land boundaries: total: 0 km
Coastline: Baker Island: 4.8 km
 Howland Island: 6.4 km
 Jarvis Island: 8 km
 Johnston Atoll: 34 km
 Kingman Reef: 3 km
 Midway Islands: 15 km
 Palmyra Atoll: 14.5 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate: Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun; Johnston Atoll and Kingman Reef: tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation; Midway Islands: subtropical with cool, moist winters (December to February) and warm, dry summers (May to October); moderated by prevailing easterly winds; most of the 107 cm of annual rainfall occurs during the winter; Palmyra Atoll: equatorial, hot; located within the low pressure area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between 400-500 cm of rainfall each yearBaker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun; Johnston Atoll and Kingman Reef: tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation; Midway Islands: subtropical with cool, moist winters (December to February) and warm, dry summers (May to October); moderated by prevailing easterly winds; most of the 107 cm of annual rainfall occurs during the winter; Palmyra Atoll: equatorial, hot; located within the low pressure area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between 400-500 cm of rainfall each year
Terrain: low and nearly flat sandy coral islands with narrow fringing reefs that have developed at the top of submerged volcanic mountains, which in most cases rise steeply from the ocean floor
Elevation: highest point: Baker Island, unnamed location 8 m; Howland Island, unnamed location 3 m; Jarvis Island, unnamed location 7 m; Johnston Atoll, Sand Island 10 m; Kingman Reef, unnamed location 2 m; Midway Islands, unnamed location less than 13 m; Palmyra Atoll, unnamed location 3 m

lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
Natural resources: terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Land use: other: 100% (2018 est.)
Natural hazards: Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island poses a maritime hazard; Kingman Reef: wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of less than 2 m makes Kingman Reef a maritime hazard; Midway Islands, Johnston, and Palmyra Atolls: NABaker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island poses a maritime hazard; Kingman Reef: wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of less than 2 m makes Kingman Reef a maritime hazard; Midway Islands, Johnston, and Palmyra Atolls: NA
Geography - note: Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife; closed to the public; Johnston Atoll: Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands, which have been expanded by coral dredging; North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; the egg-shaped reef is 34 km in circumference; closed to the public; Kingman Reef: barren coral atoll with deep interior lagoon; closed to the public; Midway Islands: a coral atoll managed as a National Wildlife Refuge and open to the public for wildlife-related recreation in the form of wildlife observation and photography; Palmyra Atoll: the high rainfall and resulting lush vegetation make the environment of this atoll unique among the US Pacific Island territories; supports a large undisturbed stand of Pisonia beach forestBaker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife; closed to the public; Johnston Atoll: Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands, which have been expanded by coral dredging; North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; the egg-shaped reef is 34 km in circumference; closed to the public; Kingman Reef: barren coral atoll with deep interior lagoon; closed to the public; Midway Islands: a coral atoll managed as a National Wildlife Refuge and open to the public for wildlife-related recreation in the form of wildlife observation and photography; Palmyra Atoll: the high rainfall and resulting lush vegetation make the environment of this atoll unique among the US Pacific Island territories; supports a large undisturbed stand of Pisonia beach forest
Map description: United States Pacific Wildlife Refuges map showing the central Pacific Ocean with seven insets highlighting the many islands that make up the United States Pacific Wildlife Refuges.United States Pacific Wildlife Refuges map showing the central Pacific Ocean with seven insets highlighting the many islands that make up the United States Pacific Wildlife Refuges.

Topic: People and Society
Population: no indigenous inhabitants

note: public entry is only by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service and generally restricted to scientists and educators; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jarvis Island: Millersville settlement on western side of island occasionally used as a weather station from 1935 until World War II, when it was abandoned; reoccupied in 1957 during the International Geophysical Year by scientists who left in 1958; currently unoccupied

Johnston Atoll: in previous years, an average of 1,100 US military and civilian contractor personnel were present; as of May 2005, all US Government personnel had left the island

Midway Islands: approximately 40 people make up the staff of US Fish and Wildlife Service and their services contractor living at the atoll

Palmyra Atoll: four to 20 Nature Conservancy, US Fish and Wildlife staff, and researchers
Age structure: 0-14 years: NA

15-24 years: NA

25-54 years: NA

55-64 years: NA

65 years and over: NA
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: NA

youth dependency ratio: NA

elderly dependency ratio: NA

potential support ratio: NA
Birth rate: NA
Death rate: NA
Contraceptive prevalence rate: NA
Drinking water source: improved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: NA

unimproved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: NA
Current Health Expenditure: NA
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: NA
Education expenditures: NA

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: Baker Island: no natural freshwater resources; feral cats, introduced in 1937 during a short-lived colonization effort, ravaged the avian population and were eradicated in 1965

Howland Island: no natural freshwater resources; the island habitat has suffered from invasive exotic species; black rats, introduced in 1854, were eradicated by feral cats within a year of their introduction in 1937; the cats preyed on the bird population and were eliminated by 1985

Jarvis Island: no natural freshwater resources; feral cats, introduced in the 1930s during a short-lived colonization venture, were not completely removed until 1990

Johnston Atoll: no natural freshwater resources; the seven decades under US military administration (1934-2004) left the atoll environmentally degraded and required large-scale remediation efforts; a swarm of Anoplolepis (crazy) ants invaded the island in 2010 damaging native wildlife; eradication has been largely, but not completely, successful

Midway Islands:  many exotic species introduced, 75% of the roughly 200 plant species on the island are non-native; plastic pollution harms wildlife, via entanglement, ingestion, and toxic contamination Kingman Reef: none

Palmyra Atoll: black rats, believed to have been introduced to the atoll during the US military occupation of the 1940s, severely degraded the ecosystem outcompeting native species (seabirds, crabs); following a successful rat removal project in 2011, native flora and fauna have begun to recoverBaker Island: no natural freshwater resources; feral cats, introduced in 1937 during a short-lived colonization effort, ravaged the avian population and were eradicated in 1965

Howland Island: no natural freshwater resources; the island habitat has suffered from invasive exotic species; black rats, introduced in 1854, were eradicated by feral cats within a year of their introduction in 1937; the cats preyed on the bird population and were eliminated by 1985

Jarvis Island: no natural freshwater resources; feral cats, introduced in the 1930s during a short-lived colonization venture, were not completely removed until 1990

Johnston Atoll: no natural freshwater resources; the seven decades under US military administration (1934-2004) left the atoll environmentally degraded and required large-scale remediation efforts; a swarm of Anoplolepis (crazy) ants invaded the island in 2010 damaging native wildlife; eradication has been largely, but not completely, successful

Midway Islands:  many exotic species introduced, 75% of the roughly 200 plant species on the island are non-native; plastic pollution harms wildlife, via entanglement, ingestion, and toxic contaminationKingman Reef: none

Palmyra Atoll: black rats, believed to have been introduced to the atoll during the US military occupation of the 1940s, severely degraded the ecosystem outcompeting native species (seabirds, crabs); following a successful rat removal project in 2011, native flora and fauna have begun to recover
Climate: Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun; Johnston Atoll and Kingman Reef: tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation; Midway Islands: subtropical with cool, moist winters (December to February) and warm, dry summers (May to October); moderated by prevailing easterly winds; most of the 107 cm of annual rainfall occurs during the winter; Palmyra Atoll: equatorial, hot; located within the low pressure area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between 400-500 cm of rainfall each yearBaker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun; Johnston Atoll and Kingman Reef: tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation; Midway Islands: subtropical with cool, moist winters (December to February) and warm, dry summers (May to October); moderated by prevailing easterly winds; most of the 107 cm of annual rainfall occurs during the winter; Palmyra Atoll: equatorial, hot; located within the low pressure area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between 400-500 cm of rainfall each year
Land use: other: 100% (2018 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Palmyra Atoll

etymology: self-descriptive name specifying the territories' affiliation and location
Dependency status: with the exception of Palmyra Atoll, the constituent islands are unincorporated, unorganized territories of the US; administered from Washington, DC, by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System

note: Palmyra Atoll is partly privately owned and partly federally owned; the federally owned portion is administered from Washington, DC, by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as an incorporated, unorganized territory of the US; the Office of Insular Affairs of the US Department of the Interior continues to administer nine excluded areas comprising certain tidal and submerged lands within the 12 nm territorial sea or within the lagoon
Legal system: the laws of the US apply where applicable
Diplomatic representation from the US: none (territories of the US)
Flag description: the flag of the US is used

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: no economic activity

Topic: Transportation
Airports: Baker Island: (2013) one abandoned World War II runway of 1,665 m covered with vegetation and unusable

Howland Island: (2013) airstrip constructed in 1937 for scheduled refueling stop on the round-the-world flight of Amelia EARHART and Fred NOONAN; the aviators left Lae, New Guinea, for Howland Island but were never seen again; the airstrip is no longer serviceable

Johnston Atoll: (2013) one closed and not maintained

Kingman Reef: (2013) lagoon was used as a halfway station between Hawaii and American Samoa by Pan American Airways for flying boats in 1937 and 1938

Midway Islands: (2013) 3 - one operational (2,377 m paved); no fuel for sale except emergencies

Palmyra Atoll: (2013) 1 - 1,846 m unpaved runway; privately owned
Airports - with paved runways: 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2016) - Johnston Atoll;

note - abandoned but usable
Airports - with unpaved runways: 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2016) - Palmyra Atoll
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands, and Kingman Reef

Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands, and Kingman Reef: none; offshore anchorage only

Johnston Atoll: Johnston Island

Midway Islands: Sand Island

Palmyra Atoll: West Lagoon

Topic: Military and Security
Military - note: defense is the responsibility of the US

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: none identifiednone identified