Topic: Photos of Tokelau

Topic: Introduction
Background: Tokelau, which comprises three atolls, was first settled by Polynesians around A.D. 1000. The three atolls operated relatively independently but had contact with one another, intermarrying and occasionally fighting wars. Fakaofo Atoll eventually subjugated the other two. British explorer John BYRON was the first European to see Atafu Atoll in 1765. British naval officer Edward EDWARDS saw Nukunonu Atoll in 1791, and ships occasionally continued to pass by Atafu and Nukunonu. In 1835, a US whaling ship became the first non-Pacific island ship to pass by Fakaofo. Catholic and Protestant missionaries arrived in 1845 and converted the population on the islands on which they landed. To this day, Nukunonu is predominantly Catholic while Atafu is mostly Protestant; Catholic and Protestant missionaries both worked in Fakaofo, and the population there is more mixed.

In 1863, Peruvian slave traders, masquerading as missionaries, kidnapped nearly all the men from Tokelau, and local governance moved to a system based on a Council of Elders, which still exists today. The atolls were repopulated when new Polynesian settlers and American and European migrants intermarried with local Tokelauan women. Tokelau became a British protectorate in 1889 and included in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Protectorate - later a colony - in 1908. In 1925, the UK placed Tokelau under New Zealand administration. The Tokelau Islands Act of 1948 formally transferred sovereignty from the UK to New Zealand and Tokelauans were granted New Zealand citizenship. In 1979, the US relinquished its claims over Tokelau in the Treaty of Tokehega, and Tokelau relinquished its claims over Swains Island, which is part of American Samoa.

Economic opportunities in Tokelau are sparse, and about 80% of Tokelauans live in New Zealand. Tokelau held two self-governance referendums in 2006 and 2007, in which more than 60% of voters chose to go into free association with New Zealand; however, the referendums failed to achieve the two-thirds majority necessary to enact a status change. Tokelau lacks an airport and is only accessible via a day-long boat trip from Samoa, although a site for an airstrip on Nukunonu was selected in 2019. Because of its dependency on Samoa for transportation, in 2011, Tokelau followed Samoa’s lead and shifted the international date line to its east, skipping December 30 and becoming one hour ahead of New Zealand rather than 23 hours behind.Tokelau, which comprises three atolls, was first settled by Polynesians around A.D. 1000. The three atolls operated relatively independently but had contact with one another, intermarrying and occasionally fighting wars. Fakaofo Atoll eventually subjugated the other two. British explorer John BYRON was the first European to see Atafu Atoll in 1765. British naval officer Edward EDWARDS saw Nukunonu Atoll in 1791, and ships occasionally continued to pass by Atafu and Nukunonu. In 1835, a US whaling ship became the first non-Pacific island ship to pass by Fakaofo. Catholic and Protestant missionaries arrived in 1845 and converted the population on the islands on which they landed. To this day, Nukunonu is predominantly Catholic while Atafu is mostly Protestant; Catholic and Protestant missionaries both worked in Fakaofo, and the population there is more mixed.

In 1863, Peruvian slave traders, masquerading as missionaries, kidnapped nearly all the men from Tokelau, and local governance moved to a system based on a Council of Elders, which still exists today. The atolls were repopulated when new Polynesian settlers and American and European migrants intermarried with local Tokelauan women. Tokelau became a British protectorate in 1889 and included in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Protectorate - later a colony - in 1908. In 1925, the UK placed Tokelau under New Zealand administration. The Tokelau Islands Act of 1948 formally transferred sovereignty from the UK to New Zealand and Tokelauans were granted New Zealand citizenship. In 1979, the US relinquished its claims over Tokelau in the Treaty of Tokehega, and Tokelau relinquished its claims over Swains Island, which is part of American Samoa.

Economic opportunities in Tokelau are sparse, and about 80% of Tokelauans live in New Zealand. Tokelau held two self-governance referendums in 2006 and 2007, in which more than 60% of voters chose to go into free association with New Zealand; however, the referendums failed to achieve the two-thirds majority necessary to enact a status change. Tokelau lacks an airport and is only accessible via a day-long boat trip from Samoa, although a site for an airstrip on Nukunonu was selected in 2019. Because of its dependency on Samoa for transportation, in 2011, Tokelau followed Samoa’s lead and shifted the international date line to its east, skipping December 30 and becoming one hour ahead of New Zealand rather than 23 hours behind.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Geographic coordinates: 9 00 S, 172 00 W
Map references: Oceania
Area: total: 12 sq km

land: 12 sq km

water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: about 17 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC
Land boundaries: total: 0 km
Coastline: 101 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)
Terrain: low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons
Elevation: highest point: unnamed location 5 m

lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
Natural resources: NEGL
Land use: agricultural land: 60% (2018 est.)

arable land: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 60% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)

forest: 0% (2018 est.)

other: 40% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 0 sq km (2012)
Population distribution: the country's small population is fairly evenly distributed amongst the three atolls
Natural hazards: lies in Pacific cyclone belt
Geography - note: consists of three atolls (Atafu, Fakaofo, Nukunonu), each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over 3 m above sea level
Map description: Tokelau map shows the three atolls that make up this New Zealand territory in the South Pacific Ocean.Tokelau map shows the three atolls that make up this New Zealand territory in the South Pacific Ocean.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 1,647 (2019 est.)
Nationality: noun: Tokelauan(s)

adjective: Tokelauan
Ethnic groups: Tokelauan 64.5%, part Tokelauan/Samoan 9.7%, part Tokelauan/Tuvaluan 2.8%, Tuvaluan 7.5%, Samoan 5.8%, other Pacific Islander 3.4%, other 5.6%, unspecified 0.8% (2016 est.)
Languages: Tokelauan 88.1% (a Polynesian language), English 48.6%, Samoan 26.7%, Tuvaluan 11.2%, Kiribati 1.5%, other 2.8%, none 2.8%, unspecified 0.8% (2016 ests.)

note: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census
Religions: Congregational Christian Church 50.4%, Roman Catholic 38.7%, Presbyterian 5.9%, other Christian 4.2%, unspecified 0.8% (2016 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: NA

15-24 years: NA

25-54 years: NA

55-64 years: NA

65 years and over: NA
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: NA

youth dependency ratio: NA

elderly dependency ratio: NA

potential support ratio: NA
Population growth rate: -0.01% (2019 est.)
Birth rate: NA
Net migration rate: -3.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Population distribution: the country's small population is fairly evenly distributed amongst the three atolls
Urbanization: urban population: 0% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Sex ratio: NA
Infant mortality rate: total: NA

male: NA

female: NA
Life expectancy at birth: total population: NA

male: NA

female: NA
Total fertility rate: (2021 est.) NA
Contraceptive prevalence rate: NA
Drinking water source: improved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 99.7% of population

total: 99.7% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0.3% of population

total: 0.3% of population (2020 est.)
Current Health Expenditure: NA
Physicians density: NA
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: NA

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: NA

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea

vectorborne diseases: malaria
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: NA
Education expenditures: NA
Literacy: total population: NA

male: NA

female: NA

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: overexploitation of certain fish and other marine species, coastal sand, and forest resources; pollution of freshwater lenses and coastal waters from improper disposal of chemicals
Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)
Land use: agricultural land: 60% (2018 est.)

arable land: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 60% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)

forest: 0% (2018 est.)

other: 40% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 0% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea

vectorborne diseases: malaria
Total renewable water resources: 0 cubic meters (2017 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Tokelau

former: Union Islands, Tokelau Islands

etymology: "tokelau" is a Polynesian word meaning "north wind"
Government type: parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchyparliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy
Dependency status: self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelau and New Zealand have agreed to a draft constitution as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand; a UN-sponsored referendum on self governance in October 2007 did not meet the two-thirds majority vote necessary for changing the political status
Capital: time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

note: there is no designated, official capital for Tokelau; the location of the capital rotates among the three atolls along with the head of government or Ulu o Tokelau
Administrative divisions: none (territory of New Zealand)
Independence: none (territory of New Zealand)
National holiday: Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Constitution: history: many previous; latest effective 1 January 1949 (Tokelau Islands Act 1948)

amendments: proposed as a resolution by the General Fono; passage requires support by each village and approval by the General Fono; amended several times, last in 2007
Legal system: common law system of New Zealand
Citizenship: see New Zealand
Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General of New Zealand Governor General Dame Cindy KIRO (since 21 September 2021); New Zealand is represented by Administrator Ross ARDERN (since May 2018)

head of government: (Ulu o Tokelau) Kelihiano KALOLO (since 8 March 2021); note - position rotates annually among the three Faipule (village leaders) of the atolls

cabinet: Council for the Ongoing Government of Tokelau (or Tokelau Council) functions as a cabinet; consists of 3 Faipule (village leaders) and 3 Pulenuku (village mayors)

elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; head of government chosen from the Council of Faipule to serve a 1-year term

note: the meeting place of the Tokelau Council rotates annually among the three atolls; this tradition has given rise to the somewhat misleading description that the capital rotates yearly between the three atolls; in actuality, it is the seat of the government councilors that rotates since Tokelau has no capital
Legislative branch: description: unicameral General Fono (20 seats apportioned by island - Atafu 7, Fakaofo 7, Nukunonu 6; members directly elected by simple majority vote to serve 3-year terms); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power to the General Fono

elections: last held on 23 January 2020 depending on island (next to be held in January 2023)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 20; composition - men 17, women 3, percent of women 15%
Judicial branch: highest courts: Court of Appeal (in New Zealand) (consists of the court president and 8 judges sitting in 3- or 5-judge panels, depending on the case)

judge selection and term of office: judges nominated by the Judicial Selection Committee and approved by three-quarters majority of the Parliament; judges serve for life

subordinate courts: High Court (in New Zealand); Council of Elders or Taupulega
Political parties and leaders: none
International organization participation: PIF (associate member), SPC, UNESCO (associate), UPU
Diplomatic representation in the US: none (territory of New Zealand)
Diplomatic representation from the US: none (territory of New Zealand)
Flag description: a yellow stylized Tokelauan canoe on a dark blue field sails toward the manu - the Southern Cross constellation of four, white, five-pointed stars at the hoist side; the Southern Cross represents the role of Christianity in Tokelauan culture and, in conjunction with the canoe, symbolizes the country navigating into the future; the color yellow indicates happiness and peace, and the blue field represents the ocean on which the community relies
National symbol(s): tuluma (fishing tackle box); national colors: blue, yellow, white
National anthem: name: "Te Atua" (For the Almighty)

lyrics/music: unknown/Falani KALOLO

note: adopted 2008; in preparation for eventual self governance, Tokelau held a national contest to choose an anthem; as a territory of New Zealand, "God Defend New Zealand" and "God Save the Queen" are official (see New Zealand)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The principal sources of revenue are from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand.   The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $15 million annually in FY12/13 and FY13/14 - to maintain public services. New Zealand's support amounts to 80% of Tokelau's recurrent government budget. An international trust fund, currently worth nearly $32 million, was established in 2004 by New Zealand to provide Tokelau an independent source of revenue.Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The principal sources of revenue are from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand. The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $15 million annually in FY12/13 and FY13/14 - to maintain public services. New Zealand's support amounts to 80% of Tokelau's recurrent government budget. An international trust fund, currently worth nearly $32 million, was established in 2004 by New Zealand to provide Tokelau an independent source of revenue.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $7,711,583 (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars.
Real GDP growth rate: NANA
Real GDP per capita: $6,004 (2017 est.)

$4,855 (2016 est.)

$4,292 (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): $12.658 million (2017 est.)

note: data uses New Zealand Dollar (NZD) as the currency of exchange.
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4% (2020 est.)

2.5% (2019 est.)

11% (2017 est.)

note: Tokelau notes that its wide inflation swings are due almost entirely due to cigarette prices, a chief import.
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: NA

industry: NA

services: NA
Agricultural products: coconuts, roots/tubers nes, tropical fruit, pork, bananas, eggs, poultry, pig offals, pig fat, fruit
Industries: small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing
Labor force: 1,100 (2019 est.)
Unemployment rate: 2% (2015 est.)

note: Underemployment may be as high as 6.6%
Population below poverty line: NA
Budget: revenues: 24,324,473 (2017 est.)

expenditures: 11,666,542 (2017 est.)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
Exports: $103,000 (2015 est.)

$102,826 (2002 est.)
Exports - partners: Singapore 25%, France 19%, South Africa 7%, New Zealand 5%, United States 5%, Ireland 5% (2019)
Exports - commodities: oscilloscopes, house linens, fruits, nuts, recreational boats, iron products (2019)
Imports: $15,792,720 (2015 est.)
Imports - partners: Samoa 35%, Ireland 17%, Philippines 14%, Malaysia 13%, South Africa 9% (2019)
Imports - commodities: oscilloscopes, integrated circuits, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, orthopedic appliances (2019)
Exchange rates: New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar -

1.543 (2017 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: modern satellite-based communications system; demand for mobile broadband increasing due to mobile services being the method of access for Internet across the region; 2G widespread with some 4G LTE service; satellite services has improved with the launch of the Kacific-1 satellite launched in 2019 (2020)

domestic: radiotelephone service between islands; fixed-line teledensity is 0 per 100 persons (2019)

international: country code - 690; landing point for the Southern Cross NEXT submarine cable linking Australia, Tokelau, Samoa, Kiribati, Fiji, New Zealand and Los Angeles, CA (USA); radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok); satellite earth stations - 3 (2020)

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
Broadcast media: Sky TV access for around 30% of the population; each atoll operates a radio service that provides shipping news and weather reports (2019)
Internet country code: .tk
Internet users: total: 805 (2019 est.)

percent of population: 58% (2019 est.)

Topic: Transportation
Roadways: total: 10 km (2019)
Ports and terminals: none; offshore anchorage only

Topic: Military and Security
Military - note: defense is the responsibility of New Zealand

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: Tokelau-American Samoa (US): Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island (Olosega) in its 2006 draft independence constitution; Swains Island has been administered by American Samoa since 1925; the 1980 Treaty of Tokehega delineates the maritime boundary between American Samoa and Tokelau; while not specifically mentioning Swains Island, the treaty notes in its preamble that New Zealand does not claim as part of Tokelau any island administered as part of American SamoaTokelau-American Samoa (US): Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island (Olosega) in its 2006 draft independence constitution; Swains Island has been administered by American Samoa since 1925; the 1980 Treaty of Tokehega delineates the maritime boundary between American Samoa and Tokelau; while not specifically mentioning Swains Island, the treaty notes in its preamble that New Zealand does not claim as part of Tokelau any island administered as part of American Samoa


Topic: Photos of Samoa

Topic: Introduction
Background: The first Austronesian settlers arrived in Samoa around 1000 B.C., and early Samoans traded and intermarried with Fijian and Tongan nobility. The fa’amatai system of titles and nobility developed, which dominates Samoan politics to this day; all but two seats in the legislature are reserved for matai, or heads of families. Dutch explorer Jacob ROGGEVEEN was the first European to spot the islands in 1722. Christian missionaries arrived in the 1830s, converting most of the population. In the 1850s, Apia became a center for Pacific trading and hosted an American commercial agent and British and German consuls. In 1892, American traders convinced the Samoan king to align his country’s date with the US, moving to the east of the International Date Line.

Following the death of the Samoan king in 1841, rival families competed for his titles, devolving into civil war in 1886 with factions getting support from either Germany, the UK, or the US. All three countries sent warships to Apia in 1889, presaging a larger war, but a cyclone destroyed the ships and Malietoa LAUPEPA was installed as king. Upon LAUPEPA’s death in 1898, a second civil war over succession broke out. The war ended in 1899 and the Western powers abolished the monarchy, giving the western Samoan islands to Germany and the eastern Samoan islands to the US. The UK abandoned claims in Samoa and received former German territory in the Solomon Islands.

The Mau, a non-violent popular movement to advocate for Samoan independence, formed in 1908. New Zealand annexed Samoa in 1914 after the outbreak of World War I. Opposition to New Zealand’s rule quickly grew. In 1918, a New Zealand ship introduced the Spanish flu, infecting 90% of the population and killing more than 20%. In 1929, New Zealand police shot into a crowd of peaceful protestors, killing 11, in an event known as Black Sunday. In 1962, Samoa became the first Polynesian nation to reestablish its independence as Western Samoa but dropped the “Western” from its name in 1997. The Human Rights Protection Party has dominated politics since 1982, especially under Prime Minister Sailele TUILAEPA, who has been in power since 1998.

In the late 2000s, Samoa began making efforts to align more closely with Australia and New Zealand. In 2009, Samoa changed its driving orientation to the left side of the road, in line with other Commonwealth countries. In 2011, Samoa jumped forward one day - skipping December 30 - by moving to the west side of the International Date Line so that it was one hour ahead of New Zealand and three hours ahead of the east coast of Australia, rather than 23 and 21 hours behind, respectively.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand
Geographic coordinates: 13 35 S, 172 20 W
Map references: Oceania
Area: total: 2,831 sq km

land: 2,821 sq km

water: 10 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Land boundaries: total: 0 km
Coastline: 403 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate: tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October)
Terrain: two main islands (Savaii, Upolu) and several smaller islands and uninhabited islets; narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rugged mountains in interior
Elevation: highest point: Mount Silisili 1,857 m

lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
Natural resources: hardwood forests, fish, hydropower
Land use: agricultural land: 12.4% (2018 est.)

arable land: 2.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 7.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 1.8% (2018 est.)

forest: 60.4% (2018 est.)

other: 27.2% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 0 sq km (2012)
Population distribution: about three-quarters of the population lives on the island of Upolu
Natural hazards: occasional cyclones; active volcanismvolcanism: Savai'I Island (1,858 m), which last erupted in 1911, is historically activeoccasional cyclones; active volcanismvolcanism: Savai'I Island (1,858 m), which last erupted in 1911, is historically active
Geography - note: occupies an almost central position within Polynesia
Map description: Samoa map showing the islands that comprise this archipelagic country in the South Pacific Ocean.Samoa map showing the islands that comprise this archipelagic country in the South Pacific Ocean.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 206,179 (2022 est.)
Nationality: noun: Samoan(s)

adjective: Samoan
Ethnic groups: Samoan 96%, Samoan/New Zealander 2%, other 1.9% (2011 est.)

note: data represent the population by country of citizenship
Languages: Samoan (Polynesian) (official) 91.1%, Samoan/English 6.7%, English (official) 0.5%, other 0.2%, unspecified 1.6% (2006 est.)
Religions: Protestant 54.9% (Congregationalist 29%, Methodist 12.4%, Assembly of God 6.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 4.4%, other Protestant 2.3%), Roman Catholic 18.8%, Church of Jesus Christ 16.9%, Worship Centre 2.8%, other Christian 3.6%, other 2.9% (includes Baha'i, Muslim), none 0.2% (2016 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 29.31% (male 30,825/female 28,900)

15-24 years: 19.61% (male 20,519/female 19,439)

25-54 years: 37.4% (male 39,011/female 37,200)

55-64 years: 7.5% (male 7,780/female 7,505)

65 years and over: 6.18% (2020 est.) (male 5,513/female 7,082)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 73.3

youth dependency ratio: 64.5

elderly dependency ratio: 8.8

potential support ratio: 11.4 (2020 est.)
Median age: total: 25.6 years

male: 25.3 years

female: 26 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.63% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 19.21 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 5.37 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: -7.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution: about three-quarters of the population lives on the island of Upolu
Urbanization: urban population: 17.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population: 36,000 APIA (capital) (2018)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.61 male(s)/female

total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 23.6 years (2009 est.)

note: median age at first birth among women 25-29
Maternal mortality ratio: 43 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 18 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 21.76 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 14.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.19 years

male: 72.28 years

female: 78.25 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.42 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: 16.6% (2019/20)
Drinking water source: improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 98% of population

total: 98.4% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 2% of population

total: 1.6% of population (2020 est.)
Current Health Expenditure: 6.4% (2019)
Physicians density: 0.6 physicians/1,000 population (2020)
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: 99.5% of population

rural: 99.5% of population

total: 99.5% of population

unimproved: urban: 0.5% of population

rural: 0.5% of population

total: 0.5% of population (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea

vectorborne diseases: malaria
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 47.3% (2016)
Tobacco use: total: 25.3% (2020 est.)

male: 36.1% (2020 est.)

female: 14.5% (2020 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 3.4% (2019/20)
Child marriage: women married by age 15: 0.9%

women married by age 18: 7.4%

men married by age 18: 2% (2020 est.)
Education expenditures: 4.8% of GDP (2020 est.)
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99.1%

male: 99%

female: 99.2% (2018)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 31.9%

male: 24.6%

female: 43.4% (2017 est.)

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: soil erosion, deforestation, invasive species, overfishing
Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Air pollutants: particulate matter emissions: 10.56 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 0.25 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 0.27 megatons (2020 est.)
Climate: tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October)
Land use: agricultural land: 12.4% (2018 est.)

arable land: 2.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 7.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 1.8% (2018 est.)

forest: 60.4% (2018 est.)

other: 27.2% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 17.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Revenue from forest resources: forest revenues: 0.27% of GDP (2018 est.)
Revenue from coal: coal revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea

vectorborne diseases: malaria
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 27,399 tons (2011 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually: 9,864 tons (2013 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 36% (2013 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 0 cubic meters (2017 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: Independent State of Samoa

conventional short form: Samoa

local long form: Malo Sa'oloto Tuto'atasi o Samoa

local short form: Samoa

former: Western Samoa

etymology: the meaning of Samoa is disputed; some modern explanations are that the "sa" connotes  "sacred" and "moa" indicates "center," so the name can mean "Holy Center"; alternatively, some assertions state that it can mean "place of the sacred moa bird" of Polynesian mythology; the name, however, may go back to Proto-Polynesian (PPn) times (before 1000 B.C.); a plausible PPn reconstruction has the first syllable as "sa'a" meaning "tribe or people" and "moa" meaning "deep sea or ocean" to convey the meaning "people of the deep sea"
Government type: parliamentary republic
Capital: name: Apia

geographic coordinates: 13 49 S, 171 46 W

time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: name derives from the native village around which the capital was constructed in the 1850s; the village still exists within the larger modern capital
Administrative divisions: 11 districts; A'ana, Aiga-i-le-Tai, Atua, Fa'asaleleaga, Gaga'emauga, Gagaifomauga, Palauli, Satupa'itea, Tuamasaga, Va'a-o-Fonoti, Vaisigano
Independence: 1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)
National holiday: Independence Day Celebration, 1 June (1962); note - 1 January 1962 is the date of independence from the New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship, but it is observed in June
Constitution: history: several previous (preindependence); latest 1 January 1962

amendments: proposed as an act by the Legislative Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership in the third reading - provided at least 90 days have elapsed since the second reading, and assent of the chief of state; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles on customary land or constitutional amendment procedures also requires at least two-thirds majority approval in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2020
Legal system: mixed legal system of English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Samoa

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: TUIMALEALI'IFANO Va’aletoa Sualauvi II (since 21 July 2017)

head of government: Prime Minister FIAME Naomi Mata’afa (since 24 May 2021)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the chief of state on the prime minister's advice

elections/appointments: chief of state indirectly elected by the Legislative Assembly to serve a 5-year term (2- term limit); election last held on 4 July 2017 (next to be held in 2022); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually appointed prime minister by the chief of state, approved by the Legislative Assembly

election results: TUIMALEALI'IFANO Va’aletoa Sualauvi unanimously elected by the Legislative Assembly on 5 July 2017
Legislative branch: description: unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (53 seats for 2021-2026 term); members from 51 single-seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote, with a minimum 10% representation of women in the Assembly required; members serve 5-year terms)

elections: election last held on 9 April 2021 (next election to be held in 2026)

election results: percent of vote by party - HRPP 55%, FAST 37%, TSP 3%, independents 5%; seats by party – FAST 30, HRPP 22, independents 1; composition - men 47, women 6, percent of women 11.3%
note - on 29 November 2021, the Election Commissioner added two women seats to parliament, bringing the HRPP’s total from 20 to 22 seats
Judicial branch: highest courts: Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and 2 Supreme Court judges and meets once or twice a year); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and several judges)

judge selection and term of office: chief justice appointed by the chief of state upon the advice of the prime minister; other Supreme Court judges appointed by the Judicial Service Commission, a 3-member body chaired by the chief justice and includes the attorney general and an appointee of the Minister of Justice; judges normally serve until retirement at age 68

subordinate courts: District Court; Magistrates' Courts; Land and Titles Courts; village fono or village chief councils
Political parties and leaders: Human Rights Protection Party or HRPP [TUILA'EPA Sailele Malielegaoi]
Fa'atuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi or FAST [FIAME Naomi Mata'afa]
Tautua Samoa Party or TSP [Afualo Wood Uti SALELE]
International organization participation: ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Pa’olelei LUTERU (since 7 July 2021)

chancery: 685 Third Avenue, 44th Street, 11th Floor, Suite 1102, New York, NY 10017

telephone: [1] (212) 599-6196

FAX: [1] (212) 599-0797

email address and website:
samoanymission@outlook.com

https://www.un.int/samoa/samoa/embassy-independent-state-samoa-united-states-america

consulate(s) general: Pago Pago (American Samoa)
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: the US Ambassador to New Zealand is accredited to Samoa

embassy: 5th Floor, Accident Corporation Building, Matafele Apia

mailing address: 4400 Apia Place, Washington DC 20521-4400

telephone: [685] 21-436

FAX: [685] 22-030

email address and website:
ApiaConsular@state.gov

https://ws.usembassy.gov/
Flag description: red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant bearing five white, five-pointed stars representing the Southern Cross constellation; red stands for courage, blue represents freedom, and white signifies purity

note: similar to the flag of Taiwan
National symbol(s): Southern Cross constellation (five, five-pointed stars); national colors: red, white, blue
National anthem: name: "O le Fu'a o le Sa'olotoga o Samoa" (The Banner of Freedom)

lyrics/music: Sauni Liga KURESA

note: adopted 1962; also known as "Samoa Tula'i" (Samoa Arise)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on development aid, family remittances from overseas, tourism, agriculture, and fishing. It has a nominal GDP of $844 million. Agriculture, including fishing, furnishes 90% of exports, featuring fish, coconut oil, nonu products, and taro. The manufacturing sector mainly processes agricultural products. Industry accounts for nearly 22% of GDP while employing less than 6% of the work force. The service sector accounts for nearly two-thirds of GDP and employs approximately 50% of the labor force. Tourism is an expanding sector accounting for 25% of GDP; 132,000 tourists visited the islands in 2013.   The country is vulnerable to devastating storms. In September 2009, an earthquake and the resulting tsunami severely damaged Samoa and nearby American Samoa, disrupting transportation and power generation, and resulting in about 200 deaths. In December 2012, extensive flooding and wind damage from Tropical Cyclone Evan killed four people, displaced over 6,000, and damaged or destroyed an estimated 1,500 homes on Samoa's Upolu Island.   The Samoan Government has called for deregulation of the country's financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline, while at the same time protecting the environment. Foreign reserves are relatively healthy and inflation is low, but external debt is approximately 45% of GDP. Samoa became the 155th member of the WTO in May 2012, and graduated from least developed country status in January 2014.The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on development aid, family remittances from overseas, tourism, agriculture, and fishing. It has a nominal GDP of $844 million. Agriculture, including fishing, furnishes 90% of exports, featuring fish, coconut oil, nonu products, and taro. The manufacturing sector mainly processes agricultural products. Industry accounts for nearly 22% of GDP while employing less than 6% of the work force. The service sector accounts for nearly two-thirds of GDP and employs approximately 50% of the labor force. Tourism is an expanding sector accounting for 25% of GDP; 132,000 tourists visited the islands in 2013. The country is vulnerable to devastating storms. In September 2009, an earthquake and the resulting tsunami severely damaged Samoa and nearby American Samoa, disrupting transportation and power generation, and resulting in about 200 deaths. In December 2012, extensive flooding and wind damage from Tropical Cyclone Evan killed four people, displaced over 6,000, and damaged or destroyed an estimated 1,500 homes on Samoa's Upolu Island. The Samoan Government has called for deregulation of the country's financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline, while at the same time protecting the environment. Foreign reserves are relatively healthy and inflation is low, but external debt is approximately 45% of GDP. Samoa became the 155th member of the WTO in May 2012, and graduated from least developed country status in January 2014.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $1.25 billion (2020 est.)

$1.28 billion (2019 est.)

$1.24 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
Real GDP growth rate: 2.5% (2017 est.)

7.1% (2016 est.)

1.6% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $6,300 (2020 est.)

$6,500 (2019 est.)

$6,300 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): $841 million (2017 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.3% (2017 est.)

0.1% (2016 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 10.4% (2017 est.)

industry: 23.6% (2017 est.)

services: 66% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: NA

government consumption: NA

investment in fixed capital: NA

investment in inventories: NA

exports of goods and services: 27.2% (2015 est.)

imports of goods and services: -50.5% (2015 est.)
Agricultural products: coconuts, taro, bananas, yams, tropical fruit, pineapples, mangoes/guavas, papayas, roots/tubers nes, pork
Industries: food processing, building materials, auto parts
Industrial production growth rate: -1.8% (2017 est.)
Labor force: 50,700 (2016 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 65%

industry: 6%

services: 29% (2015 est.)
Unemployment rate: 5.2% (2017 est.)

5.5% (2016 est.)

NA
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 31.9%

male: 24.6%

female: 43.4% (2017 est.)
Population below poverty line: 20.3% (2013 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 38.7 (2013 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: NA

highest 10%: NA
Budget: revenues: 237.3 million (2017 est.)

expenditures: 276.8 million (2017 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -4.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Public debt: 49.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

52.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Taxes and other revenues: 28.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Fiscal year: June 1 - May 31
Current account balance: -$19 million (2017 est.)

-$37 million (2016 est.)
Exports: $310 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners: American Samoa 21%, United States 13%, New Zealand 12%, Australia 10%, Tokelau 6%, Taiwan 5% (2019)
Exports - commodities: refined petroleum, fish, fruit juice, coconut oil, beer (2019)
Imports: $430 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$312.6 million (2016 est.)
Imports - partners: New Zealand 22%, China 16%, Singapore 13%, United States 10%, Australia 9%, South Korea 8%, Fiji 5% (2019)
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, iron products, poultry meats, cars, insulated wiring (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $133 million (31 December 2017 est.)

$122.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)
Debt - external: $447.2 million (31 December 2013 est.)
Exchange rates: tala (SAT) per US dollar -

2.54712 (2020 est.)

2.65534 (2019 est.)

2.57069 (2018 est.)

2.5609 (2014 est.)

2.3318 (2013 est.)

Topic: Energy
Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2020)
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 50,000 kW (2020 est.)

consumption: 120.13 million kWh (2019 est.)

exports: 0 kWh (2020 est.)

imports: 0 kWh (2020 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 15 million kWh (2019 est.)
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 72.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

solar: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

wind: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

hydroelectricity: 27.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Coal: production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 2,500 bbl/day (2019 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 0 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 2,363 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas: production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 355,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 355,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: 27.111 million Btu/person (2019 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 6,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2020 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 69,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2020 est.)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: Samoa was one of the first Pacific Island countries to establish a regulatory infrastructure and to liberalize its telecom market; in 2006, it became the first country in the region to see the market entrance of Digicel, which has since launched services in other Pacific nations; the advent of competition in the mobile market saw prices fall by around 50% and network coverage increase to more than 90% of the population; Samoa also boasts one of the highest rates of mobile phone coverage in the Pacific region; LTE is developing on the back of an initial launch of the technology in 2016 by Digicel Samoa, followed by BlueSky Samoa (now Vodafone Samoa) in 2017;  Digicel Samoa completed its LTE network in September 2020; the growth of fixed-line internet has been impeded by factors including the high costs for bandwidth, under investment in fixed-line infrastructure, as well as a strained consumer profile weighing on demand for services; Digicel Samoa’s financially troubled parent company, Digicel Pacific, had been on the lookout for a potential buyer for several months as it struggled financially; after various Chinese firms registered interest in taking a stake, the Australian government sought to block further Chinese investment in the region by providing financial support for a local buyer; in October 2021, Telstra agreed to acquire Digicel Group’s Pacific operations for around $1.6 billion, with a financial input from the Australian government of around $1.33 billion, Samoa’s telecoms sector has been inhibited by a lack of international connectivity; Samoa has had access to the Samoa-America-Samoa (SAS) cable laid in 2009, this cable has insufficient capacity to meet the country’s future bandwidth needs; this issue was addressed with two new submarine cables that became available in 2018 and 2019; combined with the Samoa National Broadband Highway (SNBH), have improved internet data rates and reliability, and have helped to reduce the high costs previously associated with internet access in Samoa; in April 2022, the Samoan government announced its decision to take over control of the Samoa Submarine Cable Company, looking to the cable to generate additional revenue for the state. (2022)

domestic: fixed-line roughly 4 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity nearly 64 telephones per 100 persons (2019)

international: country code - 685; landing points for the Tui-Samo, Manatua, SAS, and Southern Cross NEXT submarine cables providing connectivity to Samoa, Fiji, Wallis & Futuna, Cook Islands, Niue, French Polynesia, American Samoa, Australia, New Zealand, Kiribati, Los Angeles (US), and Tokelau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
Broadcast media: state-owned TV station privatized in 2008; 4 privately owned television broadcast stations; about a half-dozen privately owned radio stations and one state-owned radio station; TV and radio broadcasts of several stations from American Samoa are available (2019)
Internet country code: .ws
Internet users: total: 67,012 (2019 est.)

percent of population: 34% (2019 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 1,692 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2020 est.)

Topic: Transportation
National air transport system: number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 4

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 137,770 (2018)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 5W
Airports: total: 4 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 1

2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2021)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 3

under 914 m: 3 (2021)
Roadways: total: 1,150 km (2018)
Merchant marine: total: 12

by type: general cargo 3, oil tanker 3, other 6 (2021)
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Apia

Topic: Military and Security
Military and security forces: no regular military forces; Samoa Police Force (Ministry of Police, Prisons, and Correction Services) (2022)
Military - note: informal defense ties exist with NZ, which is required to consider any Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: none identifiednone identified


Topic: Photos of Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Topic: Introduction
Background: First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions. They attained the status of an overseas collectivity in 2003.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)
Geographic coordinates: 46 50 N, 56 20 W
Map references: North America
Area: total: 242 sq km

land: 242 sq km

water: 0 sq km

note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
Area - comparative: one and half times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: total: 0 km
Coastline: 120 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate: cold and wet, with considerable mist and fog; spring and autumn are often windy
Terrain: mostly barren rock
Elevation: highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Natural resources: fish, deepwater ports
Land use: agricultural land: 8.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 8.7% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)

forest: 12.5% (2018 est.)

other: 78.8% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 0 sq km (2012)
Population distribution: most of the population is found on Saint Pierre Island; a small settlement is located on the north end of Miquelon Island
Natural hazards: persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard
Geography - note: vegetation scanty; the islands are actually part of the northern Appalachians along with Newfoundland
Map description: Saint Pierre and Miquelon map showing the two islands that make up this French territorial overseas collectivity in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.Saint Pierre and Miquelon map showing the two islands that make up this French territorial overseas collectivity in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 5,257 (2022 est.)
Nationality: noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)

adjective: French
Ethnic groups: Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
Languages: French (official)

major-language sample(s):
The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions: Roman Catholic 99%, other 1%
Age structure: 0-14 years: 13.68% (male 370/female 349)

15-24 years: 8.71% (male 240/female 218)

25-54 years: 40% (male 1,039/female 1,100)

55-64 years: 15.52% (male 419/female 397)

65 years and over: 24.1% (2022 est.) (male 556/female 711)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: NA

youth dependency ratio: NA

elderly dependency ratio: NA

potential support ratio: NA
Median age: total: 48.5 years

male: 47.9 years

female: 49 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: -1.2% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 6.47 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 11.22 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: -7.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution: most of the population is found on Saint Pierre Island; a small settlement is located on the north end of Miquelon Island
Urbanization: urban population: 90% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population: 6,000 SAINT-PIERRE (capital) (2018)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.11 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.93 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female

total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 8.16 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 10.12 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 6.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 81.41 years

male: 79.05 years

female: 83.9 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.59 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: NA
Drinking water source: improved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 91.4% of population

unimproved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 8.6% of population (2017 est.)
Current Health Expenditure: NA
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 0% of population (2020)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: NA
Education expenditures: NA

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: overfishing; recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment
Climate: cold and wet, with considerable mist and fog; spring and autumn are often windy
Land use: agricultural land: 8.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 8.7% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)

forest: 12.5% (2018 est.)

other: 78.8% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 90% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon

conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon

local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon

local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon

etymology: Saint-Pierre is named after Saint PETER, the patron saint of fishermen; Miquelon may be a corruption of the Basque name Mikelon
Government type: parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France
Dependency status: overseas collectivity of France
Capital: name: Saint-Pierre

geographic coordinates: 46 46 N, 56 11 W

time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November

etymology: named after Saint Peter, the patron saint of fisherman
Administrative divisions: none (territorial overseas collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 2 communes at the second order - Saint Pierre, Miquelon
Independence: none (overseas collectivity collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)
National holiday: Fete de la Federation, 14 July (1790)
Constitution: history: 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

amendments: amendment procedures of France's constitution apply
Legal system: French civil law
Citizenship: see France
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Prefect Christian POUGET (since 6 January 2021)

head of government: President of Territorial Council Bernard BRIAND (since 13 October 2020)

cabinet: Le Cabinet du Prefet

elections/appointments: French president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 April and 6 May 2017 (next to be held in 2022); prefect appointed by French president on the advice of French Ministry of Interior; Territorial Council president elected by Territorial Council councillors by absolute majority vote; term NA; election last held on 13 October 2020; next election NA

election results: Bernard BRIAND elected President of Territorial Council; Territorial Council vote - 17 for, 2 abstentions
Legislative branch: description: unicameral Territorial Council or Conseil Territorial (19 seats - Saint Pierre 15, Miquelon 4; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 6-year terms);
Saint Pierre and Miquelon indirectly elects 1 senator to the French Senate by an electoral college to serve a 6-year term and directly elects 1 deputy to the French National Assembly by absolute majority vote to serve a 5-year term

elections: Territorial Council - first round held on 20 March 2022 (next to be held in March 2028); second round held on 27 March 2022
French Senate - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held no later than September 2023)
French National Assembly - last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held by June 2022)

election results: Territorial Council - percent of vote by party (first round) - AD 45.9%, Focus on the Future 37%, Together to Build 17.1%; percent of vote by party (second round) - AD 51.8%, Focus on the Future 38.1%, Together to Build 10.1%, seats by party - AD 15, Focus on the Future 4; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA%
French Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PS 1 (affiliated with UMP)
French National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Ensemble pour l'Avenir 1 (affiliated with PRG); the Republicans (LR) 1
Judicial branch: highest courts: Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel (composition NA)

judge selection and term of office: judge selection and tenure NA

subordinate courts: NA
Political parties and leaders: Archipelago Tomorrow (Archipel Domain) or AD (affiliated with The Republicans)
Focus on the Future (Cap sur l'Avenir) [Annick GIRARDIN] (affiliated with Left Radical Party)
Together to Build (Ensemble pour Construire) [Karine CLAIREAUX]
International organization participation: UPU, WFTU (NGOs)
Diplomatic representation in the US: none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)
Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)
Flag description: a yellow three-masted sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a blue background with scattered, white, wavy lines under the ship; a continuous black-over-white wavy line divides the ship from the white wavy lines; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the blue on the main portion of the flag symbolizes the Atlantic Ocean and the stylized ship represents the Grande Hermine in which Jacques Cartier "discovered" the islands in 1536

note: the flag of France used for official occasions
National symbol(s): 16th-century sailing ship
National anthem: note: as a collectivity of France, "La Marseillaise" is official (see France)note: as a collectivity of France, "La Marseillaise" is official (see France)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. The services sector accounted for 86% of GDP in 2010, the last year data is available for. Government employment accounts for than 46% of the GDP, and 78% of the population is working age.   The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Fish farming, crab fishing, and agriculture are being developed to diversify the local economy. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector. Trade is the second largest sector in terms of value added created, where it contributes significantly to economic activity. The extractive industries and energy sector is the third largest sector of activity in the archipelago, attributable in part to the construction of a new thermal power plant in 2015.The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. The services sector accounted for 86% of GDP in 2010, the last year data is available for. Government employment accounts for than 46% of the GDP, and 78% of the population is working age. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Fish farming, crab fishing, and agriculture are being developed to diversify the local economy. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector. Trade is the second largest sector in terms of value added created, where it contributes significantly to economic activity. The extractive industries and energy sector is the third largest sector of activity in the archipelago, attributable in part to the construction of a new thermal power plant in 2015.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $261.3 million (2015 est.)

$215.3 million (2006 est.)

note: supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million
Real GDP growth rate: NANA
Real GDP per capita: $46,200 (2006 est.)

$34,900 (2005)
GDP (official exchange rate): $261.3 million (2015 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.5% (2015)

4.5% (2010)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 2% (2006 est.)

industry: 15% (2006 est.)

services: 83% (2006 est.)
Agricultural products: vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
Industries: fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism
Industrial production growth rate: NA
Labor force: 4,429 (2015)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 18%

industry: 41%

services: 41% (1996 est.)
Unemployment rate: 8.7% (2015 est.)

9.9% (2008 est.)
Population below poverty line: NA
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: NA

highest 10%: NA
Budget: revenues: 70 million (1996 est.)

expenditures: 60 million (1996 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): 3.8% (of GDP) (1996 est.)
Taxes and other revenues: 26.8% (of GDP) (1996 est.)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Exports: $6.641 million (2010 est.)

$5.5 million (2005 est.)
Exports - partners: Canada 79%, France 8%, Belgium 6% (2019)
Exports - commodities: crustaceans, fish, medical instruments, electrical parts, pasta (2019)
Imports: $95.35 million (2010 est.)

$68.2 million (2005 est.)
Imports - partners: France 69%, Canada 22% (2019)
Imports - commodities: food preparation, packaged medicines, low-voltage protection equipment, cars, computers, iron structures (2019)
Debt - external: NANA
Exchange rates: euros (EUR) per US dollar -

0.885 (2017 est.)

0.903 (2016 est.)

0.9214 (2015 est.)

0.885 (2014 est.)

0.7634 (2013 est.)

Topic: Energy
Electricity - production: 46 million kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - consumption: 42.78 million kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - installed generating capacity: 27,600 kW (2016 est.)
Electricity - from fossil fuels: 96% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Electricity - from nuclear fuels: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Electricity - from other renewable sources: 4% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Crude oil - production: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Crude oil - exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil - imports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil - proved reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - consumption: 660 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 650 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas - production: 0 cu m (2017 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: 0 cu m (2017 est.)
Natural gas - exports: 0 cu m (2017 est.)
Natural gas - imports: 0 cu m (2017 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves: 0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 4,800 (2015 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 76 (2015 est.)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: adequate (2019)

domestic: fixed-line teledensity 76 per 100 persons (2019)

international: country code - 508; landing point for the St Pierre and Miquelon Cable connecting Saint Pierre & Miquelon and Canada; radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; satellite earth station - 1 in French domestic satellite system (2019)

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
Broadcast media: 8 TV stations, all part of the French Overseas Network, and local cable provided by SPM Telecom; 3 of 4 radio stations on St. Pierre and on Miquelon are part of the French Overseas Network (2021)
Internet country code: .pm
Internet users: total: 4,500 (2016 est.)

percent of population: 79.5% (2016 est.)

Topic: Transportation
Airports: total: 2 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 2

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2021)
Roadways: total: 117 km (2009)

paved: 80 km (2009)

unpaved: 37 km (2009)
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Saint-Pierre

Topic: Military and Security
Military - note: defense is the responsibility of France

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: nonenone


The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes). The MMR includes deaths during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, for a specified year.

Topic: Afghanistan638 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Albania15 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Algeria112 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Angola241 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Argentina39 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Armenia26 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Australia6 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Austria5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Azerbaijan26 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Bahamas, The70 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Bahrain14 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Bangladesh173 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Barbados27 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Belarus2 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Belgium5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Belize36 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Benin397 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Bhutan183 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Bolivia155 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovina10 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Botswana144 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Brazil60 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Brunei31 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Bulgaria10 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Burkina Faso320 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Burma250 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Burundi548 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Cabo Verde58 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Cambodia160 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Cameroon529 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Canada10 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Central African Republic829 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Chad1,140 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Chile13 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: China29 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Colombia83 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Comoros273 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of the473 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Congo, Republic of the378 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Costa Rica27 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Cote d'Ivoire617 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Croatia8 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Cuba36 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Cyprus6 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Czechia3 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Denmark4 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Djibouti248 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Dominican Republic95 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Ecuador59 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Egypt37 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: El Salvador46 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Equatorial Guinea301 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Eritrea480 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Estonia9 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Eswatini437 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Ethiopia401 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Fiji34 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Finland3 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: France8 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Gabon252 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Gambia, The597 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Gaza Strip27 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

note: data represent Gaza Strip and the West Bank

Topic: Georgia25 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Germany7 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Ghana308 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Greece3 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Grenada25 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Guatemala95 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Guinea576 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Guinea-Bissau667 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Guyana667 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Haiti480 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Honduras65 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Hungary12 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Iceland4 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: India145 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Indonesia177 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Iran16 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Iraq79 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Ireland5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Israel3 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Italy2 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Jamaica80 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Japan5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Jordan46 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Kazakhstan10 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Kenya342 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Kiribati92 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Korea, North89 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Korea, South11 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Kuwait12 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Kyrgyzstan60 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Laos185 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Latvia19 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Lebanon29 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Lesotho544 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Liberia661 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Libya72 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Lithuania5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Luxembourg5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Madagascar335 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Malawi349 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Malaysia29 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Maldives53 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Mali562 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Malta6 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Mauritania766 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Mauritius61 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Mexico33 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States of88 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Moldova19 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Mongolia45 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Montenegro6 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Morocco70 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara

Topic: Mozambique289 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Namibia195 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Nepal186 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Netherlands5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: New Zealand9 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Nicaragua198 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Niger509 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Nigeria917 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: North Macedonia7 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Norway2 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Oman19 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Pakistan140 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Panama52 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Papua New Guinea145 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Paraguay84 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Peru88 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Philippines121 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Poland2 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Portugal8 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Puerto Rico21 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Qatar9 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Romania19 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Russia17 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Rwanda248 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Saint Lucia117 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines98 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Samoa43 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Sao Tome and Principe130 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Saudi Arabia17 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Senegal315 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Serbia12 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Sierra Leone1,120 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Singapore8 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Slovakia5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Slovenia7 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Solomon Islands104 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Somalia829 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: South Africa119 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: South Sudan1,150 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Spain4 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Sri Lanka36 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Sudan295 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Suriname120 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Sweden4 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Switzerland5 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Syria31 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Tajikistan17 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Tanzania524 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Thailand37 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Timor-Leste142 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Togo396 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Tonga52 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Trinidad and Tobago67 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Tunisia43 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Turkey (Turkiye)17 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Turkmenistan7 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Uganda375 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Ukraine19 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: United Arab Emirates3 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: United Kingdom7 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: United States19 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Uruguay17 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Uzbekistan29 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Vanuatu72 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Venezuela125 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Vietnam43 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: West Bank27 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

note: data represent Gaza Strip and the West Bank

Topic: World211 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Yemen164 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Zambia213 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Topic: Zimbabwe458 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)


This entry gives the percent of a country's population considered to be obese. Obesity is defined as an adult having a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater to or equal to 30.0. BMI is calculated by taking a person's weight in kg and dividing it by the person's squared height in meters.

Topic: Afghanistan5.5% (2016)

Topic: Albania21.7% (2016)

Topic: Algeria27.4% (2016)

Topic: Andorra25.6% (2016)

Topic: Angola8.2% (2016)

Topic: Antigua and Barbuda18.9% (2016)

Topic: Argentina28.3% (2016)

Topic: Armenia20.2% (2016)

Topic: Australia29% (2016)

Topic: Austria20.1% (2016)

Topic: Azerbaijan19.9% (2016)

Topic: Bahamas, The31.6% (2016)

Topic: Bahrain29.8% (2016)

Topic: Bangladesh3.6% (2016)

Topic: Barbados23.1% (2016)

Topic: Belarus24.5% (2016)

Topic: Belgium22.1% (2016)

Topic: Belize24.1% (2016)

Topic: Benin9.6% (2016)

Topic: Bhutan6.4% (2016)

Topic: Bolivia20.2% (2016)

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovina17.9% (2016)

Topic: Botswana18.9% (2016)

Topic: Brazil22.1% (2016)

Topic: Brunei14.1% (2016)

Topic: Bulgaria25% (2016)

Topic: Burkina Faso5.6% (2016)

Topic: Burma5.8% (2016)

Topic: Burundi5.4% (2016)

Topic: Cabo Verde11.8% (2016)

Topic: Cambodia3.9% (2016)

Topic: Cameroon11.4% (2016)

Topic: Canada29.4% (2016)

Topic: Central African Republic7.5% (2016)

Topic: Chad6.1% (2016)

Topic: Chile28% (2016)

Topic: China6.2% (2016)

Topic: Colombia22.3% (2016)

Topic: Comoros7.8% (2016)

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of the6.7% (2016)

Topic: Congo, Republic of the9.6% (2016)

Topic: Cook Islands55.9% (2016)

Topic: Costa Rica25.7% (2016)

Topic: Cote d'Ivoire10.3% (2016)

Topic: Croatia24.4% (2016)

Topic: Cuba24.6% (2016)

Topic: Cyprus21.8% (2016)

Topic: Czechia26% (2016)

Topic: Denmark19.7% (2016)

Topic: Djibouti13.5% (2016)

Topic: Dominica27.9% (2016)

Topic: Dominican Republic27.6% (2016)

Topic: Ecuador19.9% (2016)

Topic: Egypt32% (2016)

Topic: El Salvador24.6% (2016)

Topic: Equatorial Guinea8% (2016)

Topic: Eritrea5% (2016)

Topic: Estonia21.2% (2016)

Topic: Eswatini16.5% (2016)

Topic: Ethiopia4.5% (2016)

Topic: Fiji30.2% (2016)

Topic: Finland22.2% (2016)

Topic: France21.6% (2016)

Topic: Gabon15% (2016)

Topic: Gambia, The10.3% (2016)

Topic: Georgia21.7% (2016)

Topic: Germany22.3% (2016)

Topic: Ghana10.9% (2016)

Topic: Greece24.9% (2016)

Topic: Grenada21.3% (2016)

Topic: Guatemala21.2% (2016)

Topic: Guinea7.7% (2016)

Topic: Guinea-Bissau9.5% (2016)

Topic: Guyana20.2% (2016)

Topic: Haiti22.7% (2016)

Topic: Honduras21.4% (2016)

Topic: Hungary26.4% (2016)

Topic: Iceland21.9% (2016)

Topic: India3.9% (2016)

Topic: Indonesia6.9% (2016)

Topic: Iran25.8% (2016)

Topic: Iraq30.4% (2016)

Topic: Ireland25.3% (2016)

Topic: Israel26.1% (2016)

Topic: Italy19.9% (2016)

Topic: Jamaica24.7% (2016)

Topic: Japan4.3% (2016)

Topic: Jordan35.5% (2016)

Topic: Kazakhstan21% (2016)

Topic: Kenya7.1% (2016)

Topic: Kiribati46% (2016)

Topic: Korea, North6.8% (2016)

Topic: Korea, South4.7% (2016)

Topic: Kuwait37.9% (2016)

Topic: Kyrgyzstan16.6% (2016)

Topic: Laos5.3% (2016)

Topic: Latvia23.6% (2016)

Topic: Lebanon32% (2016)

Topic: Lesotho16.6% (2016)

Topic: Liberia9.9% (2016)

Topic: Libya32.5% (2016)

Topic: Lithuania26.3% (2016)

Topic: Luxembourg22.6% (2016)

Topic: Madagascar5.3% (2016)

Topic: Malawi5.8% (2016)

Topic: Malaysia15.6% (2016)

Topic: Maldives8.6% (2016)

Topic: Mali8.6% (2016)

Topic: Malta28.9% (2016)

Topic: Marshall Islands52.9% (2016)

Topic: Mauritania12.7% (2016)

Topic: Mauritius10.8% (2016)

Topic: Mexico28.9% (2016)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States of45.8% (2016)

Topic: Moldova18.9% (2016)

Topic: Mongolia20.6% (2016)

Topic: Montenegro23.3% (2016)

Topic: Morocco26.1% (2016)

note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara

Topic: Mozambique7.2% (2016)

Topic: Namibia17.2% (2016)

Topic: Nauru61% (2016)

Topic: Nepal4.1% (2016)

Topic: Netherlands20.4% (2016)

Topic: New Zealand30.8% (2016)

Topic: Nicaragua23.7% (2016)

Topic: Niger5.5% (2016)

Topic: Nigeria8.9% (2016)

Topic: Niue50% (2016)

Topic: North Macedonia22.4% (2016)

Topic: Norway23.1% (2016)

Topic: Oman27% (2016)

Topic: Pakistan8.6% (2016)

Topic: Palau55.3% (2016)

Topic: Panama22.7% (2016)

Topic: Papua New Guinea21.3% (2016)

Topic: Paraguay20.3% (2016)

Topic: Peru19.7% (2016)

Topic: Philippines6.4% (2016)

Topic: Poland23.1% (2016)

Topic: Portugal20.8% (2016)

Topic: Qatar35.1% (2016)

Topic: Romania22.5% (2016)

Topic: Russia23.1% (2016)

Topic: Rwanda5.8% (2016)

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevis22.9% (2016)

Topic: Saint Lucia19.7% (2016)

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines23.7% (2016)

Topic: Samoa47.3% (2016)

Topic: Sao Tome and Principe12.4% (2016)

Topic: Saudi Arabia35.4% (2016)

Topic: Senegal8.8% (2016)

Topic: Serbia21.5% (2016)

Topic: Seychelles14% (2016)

Topic: Sierra Leone8.7% (2016)

Topic: Singapore6.1% (2016)

Topic: Slovakia20.5% (2016)

Topic: Slovenia20.2% (2016)

Topic: Solomon Islands22.5% (2016)

Topic: Somalia8.3% (2016)

Topic: South Africa28.3% (2016)

Topic: South Sudan6.6% (2014)

Topic: Spain23.8% (2016)

Topic: Sri Lanka5.2% (2016)

Topic: Sudan6.6% (2014)

Topic: Suriname26.4% (2016)

Topic: Sweden20.6% (2016)

Topic: Switzerland19.5% (2016)

Topic: Syria27.8% (2016)

Topic: Tajikistan14.2% (2016)

Topic: Tanzania8.4% (2016)

Topic: Thailand10% (2016)

Topic: Timor-Leste3.8% (2016)

Topic: Togo8.4% (2016)

Topic: Tonga48.2% (2016)

Topic: Trinidad and Tobago18.6% (2016)

Topic: Tunisia26.9% (2016)

Topic: Turkey (Turkiye)32.1% (2016)

Topic: Turkmenistan18.6% (2016)

Topic: Tuvalu51.6% (2016)

Topic: Uganda5.3% (2016)

Topic: Ukraine24.1% (2016)

Topic: United Arab Emirates31.7% (2016)

Topic: United Kingdom27.8% (2016)

Topic: United States36.2% (2016)

Topic: Uruguay27.9% (2016)

Topic: Uzbekistan16.6% (2016)

Topic: Vanuatu25.2% (2016)

Topic: Venezuela25.6% (2016)

Topic: Vietnam2.1% (2016)

Topic: Yemen17.1% (2016)

Topic: Zambia8.1% (2016)

Topic: Zimbabwe15.5% (2016)


US State Dept Travel Advisory: The US Department of State currently recommends US citizens Reconsider Travel to Japan due to COVID-19-related entry restrictions. Consult its website via the link below for updates to travel advisories and statements on safety, security, local laws and special circumstances in this country.

https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html
Passport/Visa Requirements: US citizens should make sure their passport is valid at the date of their entering the country and during the length of their entire visit. They should also make sure they have at least 1 blank page in their passport for any entry stamp that will be required. A visa is not required for stays of less than 90 days.
US Embassy/Consulate: [81] (03) 3224-5000; US Embassy in Tokyo, 1-10-5 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-8420, Japan; TokyoACS@state.gov;

https://jp.usembassy.gov/
Telephone Code: 81
Local Emergency Phone: Ambulance: 119; Fire: 119; Police: 110
Vaccinations: See WHO recommendations

http://www.who.int/
Climate: Varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north
Currency (Code): Yen (JPY)
Electricity/Voltage/Plug Type(s): 100 V / 50 Hz / plug types(s): A, B

Major Languages: Japanese
Major Religions: Shintoism 69%, Buddhism 66.7%, Christianity 1.5%, other 6.2%; note: many people practice both Shintoism and Buddhism
Time Difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Potable Water: Yes
International Driving Permit: required
Road Driving Side: Left
Tourist Destinations: Tokyo (includes Imperial Palace, Skytree, Mount Fuji, Disneyland); Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park; Historic Kyoto; Island Shrine of Itsukushima; Historic Nara; Himeji Castle; Nagasaki; Okinawa
Major Sports: Sumo wrestling, karate, judo
Cultural Practices: Shaking hands in Japan is less widespread than in other countries. Bowing is much more common.
Tipping Guidelines: Tipping is not expected by the majority of service workers. This includes restaurant servers, hotel employees, and cab drivers. Some even regard tipping as rude or degrading. Staff connected with tourism, such as tour guides, may be grateful for tips.
Souvenirs: Silk kimonos, designer fashion and electronics, beauty products, bento boxes, art supplies, bamboo and paper wagasa umbrellas, printed tenugui cloth items, hand fans, tanuki statues; ceremonially dressed dolls, kites, and folk toys; maneki neko good fortune cat itemsPlease visit the following links to find further information about your desired destination.

World Health Organization (WHO) - To learn what vaccines and health precautions to take while visiting your destination.

US State Dept Travel Information - Overall information about foreign travel for US citizens.

To obtain an international driving permit (IDP). Only two organizations in the US issue IDPs:
American Automobile Association (AAA) and American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA)

How to get help in an emergency?
Contact the nearest US embassy or consulate, or call one of these numbers:
from the US or Canada - 1-888-407-4747 or from Overseas - +1 202-501-4444

Page last updated: Monday, April 18, 2022


US State Dept Travel Advisory: The US Department of State currently recommends US citizens DO NOT TRAVEL to this country due to COVID-19, terrorism, civil unrest, health risks, kidnapping, armed conflict, and landmines. Consult its website via the link below for updates to travel advisories and statements on safety, security, local laws and special circumstances in this country.

https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html
Passport/Visa Requirements: US citizens should make sure their passport will not expire for at least 6 months after they enter the country even if they do not intend to stay that long. They should also make sure they have at least 1 blank page in their passport for any entry stamp and or visa that will be required. A visa is required. US citizens will need to get in touch with the country’s embassy or nearest consulate to obtain a visa prior to visiting the country.
US Embassy/Consulate: No US Embassy or Consulate currently in Yemen since 2015, due to ongoing conflict; Yemen Affairs Unit currently operates out of US Embassy Riyadh, [966] 11-488-3800; (967) 1 755-2000; US Embassy in Sana’a, Sa’awan Street, PO Box 22347; YemenEmergencyUSC@state.gov;

https://ye.usembassy.gov/
Telephone Code: 967
Local Emergency Phone: Ambulance: 191; Fire: 191; Police: 194
Vaccinations: See WHO recommendations. On 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Asia; Yemen is currently considered a high risk to travelers for polio; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine.

http://www.who.int/
Climate: Mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east
Currency (Code): Yemeni rials (YER)
Electricity/Voltage/Plug Type(s): 230 V / 50 Hz / plug types(s): A, D, G

Major Languages: Arabic
Major Religions: Muslim 99.1% (estimated 65% are Sunni and 35% are Shia), other 0.9% (includes Jewish, Baha'i, Hindu, and Christian)
Time Difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Potable Water: Opt for bottled water
International Driving Permit: Suggested
Road Driving Side: Right
Tourist Destinations: Al-Saleh Mosque; Old City of Sanaa; Socotra Island; Qalansiya Beach; Al Mukalla Harbor; Gulf of Aden, Shibam, Seiyun Palace, Thula Village
Major Sports: Soccer, boxing, mountain climbing
Cultural Practices: Yemenis greatly respect titles and positions of authority. Familiarity is commonly avoided in a work-related setting.
Tipping Guidelines: Leave a 10% tip in finer restaurants; otherwise round up the bill.Please visit the following links to find further information about your desired destination.

World Health Organization (WHO) - To learn what vaccines and health precautions to take while visiting your destination.

US State Dept Travel Information - Overall information about foreign travel for US citizens.

To obtain an international driving permit (IDP). Only two organizations in the US issue IDPs:
American Automobile Association (AAA) and American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA)

How to get help in an emergency?
Contact the nearest US embassy or consulate, or call one of these numbers:
from the US or Canada - 1-888-407-4747 or from Overseas - +1 202-501-4444

Page last updated: Tuesday, April 05, 2022


This entry includes the two-letter codes maintained by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the ISO 3166 Alpha-2 list and used by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to establish country-coded top-level domains (ccTLDs).

Topic: Afghanistan.af

Topic: Albania.al

Topic: Algeria.dz

Topic: American Samoa.as

Topic: Andorra.ad

Topic: Angola.ao

Topic: Anguilla.ai

Topic: Antarctica.aq

Topic: Antigua and Barbuda.ag

Topic: Argentina.ar

Topic: Armenia.am

Topic: Aruba.aw

Topic: Australia.au

Topic: Austria.at

Topic: Azerbaijan.az

Topic: Bahamas, The.bs

Topic: Bahrain.bh

Topic: Bangladesh.bd

Topic: Barbados.bb

Topic: Belarus.by

Topic: Belgium.be

Topic: Belize.bz

Topic: Benin.bj

Topic: Bermuda.bm

Topic: Bhutan.bt

Topic: Bolivia.bo

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovina.ba

Topic: Botswana.bw

Topic: Bouvet Island.bv

Topic: Brazil.br

Topic: British Indian Ocean Territory.io

Topic: British Virgin Islands.vg

Topic: Brunei.bn

Topic: Bulgaria.bg

Topic: Burkina Faso.bf

Topic: Burma.mm

Topic: Burundi.bi

Topic: Cabo Verde.cv

Topic: Cambodia.kh

Topic: Cameroon.cm

Topic: Canada.ca

Topic: Cayman Islands.ky

Topic: Central African Republic.cf

Topic: Chad.td

Topic: Chile.cl

Topic: China.cn

Topic: Christmas Island.cx

Topic: Cocos (Keeling) Islands.cc

Topic: Colombia.co

Topic: Comoros.km

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of the.cd

Topic: Congo, Republic of the.cg

Topic: Cook Islands.ck

Topic: Costa Rica.cr

Topic: Cote d'Ivoire.ci

Topic: Croatia.hr

Topic: Cuba.cu

Topic: Curacao.cw.cw

Topic: Cyprus.cy

Topic: Czechia.cz

Topic: Denmark.dk

Topic: Djibouti.dj

Topic: Dominica.dm

Topic: Dominican Republic.do

Topic: Ecuador.ec

Topic: Egypt.eg

Topic: El Salvador.sv

Topic: Equatorial Guinea.gq

Topic: Eritrea.er

Topic: Estonia.ee

Topic: Eswatini.sz

Topic: Ethiopia.et

Topic: European Union.eu; note - see country entries of member states for individual country codes

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas).fk

Topic: Faroe Islands.fo

Topic: Fiji.fj

Topic: Finland.fi

note - Aland Islands assigned .ax.fi

Topic: Francemetropolitan France - .fr; French Guiana - .gf; Guadeloupe - .gp; Martinique - .mq; Mayotte - .yt; Reunion - .re

Topic: French Polynesia.pf

Topic: French Southern and Antarctic Lands.tf

Topic: Gabon.ga

Topic: Gambia, The.gm

Topic: Gaza Strip.psnote - same as the West Bank

Topic: Georgia.ge

Topic: Germany.de

Topic: Ghana.gh

Topic: Gibraltar.gi

Topic: Greece.gr

Topic: Greenland.gl

Topic: Grenada.gd

Topic: Guam.gu

Topic: Guatemala.gt

Topic: Guernsey.gg

Topic: Guinea.gn

Topic: Guinea-Bissau.gw

Topic: Guyana.gy

Topic: Haiti.ht

Topic: Heard Island and McDonald Islands.hm

Topic: Holy See (Vatican City).va

Topic: Honduras.hn

Topic: Hong Kong.hk

Topic: Hungary.hu

Topic: Iceland.is

Topic: India.in

Topic: Indonesia.id

Topic: Iran.ir

Topic: Iraq.iq

Topic: Ireland.ie

Topic: Isle of Man.im

Topic: Israel.il

Topic: Italy.it

Topic: Jamaica.jm

Topic: Japan.jp

Topic: Jersey.je

Topic: Jordan.jo

Topic: Kazakhstan.kz

Topic: Kenya.ke

Topic: Kiribati.ki

Topic: Korea, North.kp

Topic: Korea, South.kr

Topic: Kosovo.xk

note: assigned as a temporary code under UN Security Council resolution 1244/99

Topic: Kuwait.kw

Topic: Kyrgyzstan.kg

Topic: Laos.la

Topic: Latvia.lv

Topic: Lebanon.lb

Topic: Lesotho.ls

Topic: Liberia.lr

Topic: Libya.ly

Topic: Liechtenstein.li

Topic: Lithuania.lt

Topic: Luxembourg.lu

Topic: Macau.mo

Topic: Madagascar.mg

Topic: Malawi.mw

Topic: Malaysia.my

Topic: Maldives.mv

Topic: Mali.ml

Topic: Malta.mt

Topic: Marshall Islands.mh

Topic: Mauritania.mr

Topic: Mauritius.mu

Topic: Mexico.mx

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States of.fm

Topic: Moldova.md

Topic: Monaco.mc

Topic: Mongolia.mn

Topic: Montenegro.me

Topic: Montserrat.ms

Topic: Morocco.ma

Topic: Mozambique.mz

Topic: Namibia.na

Topic: Nauru.nr

Topic: Nepal.np

Topic: Netherlands.nl

Topic: New Caledonia.nc

Topic: New Zealand.nz

Topic: Nicaragua.ni

Topic: Niger.ne

Topic: Nigeria.ng

Topic: Niue.nu

Topic: Norfolk Island.nf

Topic: North Macedonia.mk

Topic: Northern Mariana Islands.mp

Topic: Norway.no

Topic: Oman.om

Topic: Pakistan.pk

Topic: Palau.pw

Topic: Panama.pa

Topic: Papua New Guinea.pg

Topic: Paraguay.py

Topic: Peru.pe

Topic: Philippines.ph

Topic: Pitcairn Islands.pn

Topic: Poland.pl

Topic: Portugal.pt

Topic: Puerto Rico.pr

Topic: Qatar.qa

Topic: Romania.ro

Topic: Russia.ru; note - Russia also has responsibility for a legacy domain ".su" that was allocated to the Soviet Union and is being phased out

Topic: Rwanda.rw

Topic: Saint Barthelemy.bl; note - .gp, the Internet country code for Guadeloupe, and .fr, the Internet country code for France, might also be encountered

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha.sh; note - Ascension Island assigned .ac

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevis.kn

Topic: Saint Lucia.lc

Topic: Saint Martin.mf; note - .gp, the Internet country code for Guadeloupe, and .fr, the Internet country code for France, might also be encountered

Topic: Saint Pierre and Miquelon.pm

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.vc

Topic: Samoa.ws

Topic: San Marino.sm

Topic: Sao Tome and Principe.st

Topic: Saudi Arabia.sa

Topic: Senegal.sn

Topic: Serbia.rs

Topic: Seychelles.sc

Topic: Sierra Leone.sl

Topic: Singapore.sg

Topic: Sint Maarten.sx; note - IANA has designated .sx for Sint Maarten, but has not yet assigned it to a sponsoring organization.sx; note - IANA has designated .sx for Sint Maarten, but has not yet assigned it to a sponsoring organization

Topic: Slovakia.sk

Topic: Slovenia.si

Topic: Solomon Islands.sb

Topic: Somalia.so

Topic: South Africa.za

Topic: South Sudan.ss

Topic: Spain.es

Topic: Sri Lanka.lk

Topic: Sudan.sd

Topic: Suriname.sr

Topic: Svalbard.sj

Topic: Sweden.se

Topic: Switzerland.ch

Topic: Syria.sy

Topic: Taiwan.tw

Topic: Tajikistan.tj

Topic: Tanzania.tz

Topic: Thailand.th

Topic: Timor-Leste.tl

Topic: Togo.tg

Topic: Tokelau.tk

Topic: Tonga.to

Topic: Trinidad and Tobago.tt

Topic: Tunisia.tn

Topic: Turkey (Turkiye).tr

Topic: Turkmenistan.tm

Topic: Turks and Caicos Islands.tc

Topic: Tuvalu.tv

Topic: Uganda.ug

Topic: Ukraine.ua

Topic: United Arab Emirates.ae

Topic: United Kingdom.uk

Topic: United States.us

Topic: Uruguay.uy

Topic: Uzbekistan.uz

Topic: Vanuatu.vu

Topic: Venezuela.ve

Topic: Vietnam.vn

Topic: Virgin Islands.vi

Topic: Wallis and Futuna.wf

Topic: West Bank.psnote - same as Gaza Strip

Topic: Yemen.ye

Topic: Zambia.zm

Topic: Zimbabwe.zw