Topic: Photos of Guinea

Topic: Introduction
Background: Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdoms, all competing for regional dominance. In the 13th century, the Mali Empire took control of Guinea, encouraging its already growing Muslim faith. After the fall of the West African empires, various smaller kingdoms controlled Guinea. In the 18th century, Fulani Muslims established an Islamic state in central Guinea that represents one of the earliest examples of a written constitution and alternating leadership. While European traders first arrived in the 16th century, it was the French who secured colonial rule in the 19th century. In 1958, Guinea achieved independence from France. Sekou TOURE became Guinea’s first post-independence president; he established a dictatorial regime and ruled until his death in 1984, after which General Lansana CONTE staged a coup and seized the government. He too established an authoritarian regime and manipulated presidential elections until his death in December 2008, when Captain Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seized power, and suspended the constitution. In September 2009, presidential guards opened fire on an opposition rally, killing more than 150 people in Conakry, the capital. In early December 2009, CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and exiled to Burkina Faso. In 2010 and 2013 respectively, the country held its first free and fair presidential and legislative elections. Alpha CONDE won the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections. CONDE's first cabinet was the first all-civilian government in Guinean history. In March 2020, Guinea passed a new constitution in a national referendum that changed presidential term limit rules. CONDE argued that, given this change, he was allowed to run for a third term, which he then won in October 2020. On 5 September 2021, Col Mamady DOUMBOUYA led special forces troops in a successful military coup, ousting and detaining CONDE and establishing the National Committee for Reconciliation and Development (CNRD). DOUMBOUYA and the CNRD suspended the constitution and dissolved the government and the legislature. DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transition president on 1 October 2021, and appointed Mohamed BEAVOGUI as transition prime minister a week later. BEAVOGUI subsequently formed a largely technocratic cabinet. The National Transition Council (CNT), which acts as the legislative body for the transition, was formed on 22 January 2022. The 81-member CNT is led by Dr. Dansa KOUROUMA and consists of appointed members representing a broad swath of Guinean society.

Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdoms, all competing for regional dominance. In the 13th century, the Mali Empire took control of Guinea, encouraging its already growing Muslim faith. After the fall of the West African empires, various smaller kingdoms controlled Guinea. In the 18th century, Fulani Muslims established an Islamic state in central Guinea that represents one of the earliest examples of a written constitution and alternating leadership. While European traders first arrived in the 16th century, it was the French who secured colonial rule in the 19th century.In 1958, Guinea achieved independence from France. Sekou TOURE became Guinea’s first post-independence president; he established a dictatorial regime and ruled until his death in 1984, after which General Lansana CONTE staged a coup and seized the government. He too established an authoritarian regime and manipulated presidential elections until his death in December 2008, when Captain Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seized power, and suspended the constitution. In September 2009, presidential guards opened fire on an opposition rally, killing more than 150 people in Conakry, the capital. In early December 2009, CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and exiled to Burkina Faso. In 2010 and 2013 respectively, the country held its first free and fair presidential and legislative elections. Alpha CONDE won the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections. CONDE's first cabinet was the first all-civilian government in Guinean history. In March 2020, Guinea passed a new constitution in a national referendum that changed presidential term limit rules. CONDE argued that, given this change, he was allowed to run for a third term, which he then won in October 2020. On 5 September 2021, Col Mamady DOUMBOUYA led special forces troops in a successful military coup, ousting and detaining CONDE and establishing the National Committee for Reconciliation and Development (CNRD). DOUMBOUYA and the CNRD suspended the constitution and dissolved the government and the legislature. DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transition president on 1 October 2021, and appointed Mohamed BEAVOGUI as transition prime minister a week later. BEAVOGUI subsequently formed a largely technocratic cabinet. The National Transition Council (CNT), which acts as the legislative body for the transition, was formed on 22 January 2022. The 81-member CNT is led by Dr. Dansa KOUROUMA and consists of appointed members representing a broad swath of Guinean society.

Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone
Geographic coordinates: 11 00 N, 10 00 W
Map references: Africa
Area: total: 245,857 sq km

land: 245,717 sq km

water: 140 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Oregon; slightly larger than twice the size of Pennsylvania
Land boundaries: total: 4,046 km

border countries (6): Cote d'Ivoire 816 km; Guinea-Bissau 421 km; Liberia 590 km; Mali 1062 km; Senegal 363 km; Sierra Leone 794 km
Coastline: 320 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate: generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds
Terrain: generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior
Elevation: highest point: Mont Nimba 1,752 m

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

mean elevation: 472 m
Natural resources: bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish, salt
Land use: agricultural land: 58.1% (2018 est.)

arable land: 11.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 2.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 43.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 26.5% (2018 est.)

other: 15.4% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 950 sq km (2012)
Major rivers (by length in km): Niger river source (shared with Mali, and Nigeria [m]) - 4,200 km; Gambia river source (shared with Senegal and The Gambia [m]) - 1,094 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km), Senegal (456,397 sq km)
Population distribution: areas of highest density are in the west and south; interior is sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map
Natural hazards: hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season
Geography - note: the Niger and its important tributary the Milo River have their sources in the Guinean highlands
Map description: Guinea map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the North Atlantic Ocean.Guinea map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the North Atlantic Ocean.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 13,237,832 (2022 est.)
Nationality: noun: Guinean(s)

adjective: Guinean
Ethnic groups: Fulani (Peuhl) 33.4%, Malinke 29.4%, Susu 21.2%, Guerze 7.8%, Kissi 6.2%, Toma 1.6%, other/foreign 0.4% (2018 est.)
Languages: French (official), Pular, Maninka, Susu, other native languages

note: about 40 languages are spoken; each ethnic group has its own language
Religions: Muslim 89.1%, Christian 6.8%, animist 1.6%, other 0.1%, none 2.4% (2014 est.)
Demographic profile: Guinea’s strong population growth is a result of declining mortality rates and sustained elevated fertility. The population growth rate was somewhat tempered in the 2000s because of a period of net outmigration. Although life expectancy and mortality rates have improved over the last two decades, the nearly universal practice of female genital cutting continues to contribute to high infant and maternal mortality rates. Guinea’s total fertility remains high at about 5 children per woman because of the ongoing preference for larger families, low contraceptive usage and availability, a lack of educational attainment and empowerment among women, and poverty. A lack of literacy and vocational training programs limit job prospects for youths, but even those with university degrees often have no option but to work in the informal sector. About 60% of the country’s large youth population is unemployed.Tensions and refugees have spilled over Guinea’s borders with Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Cote d’Ivoire. During the 1990s Guinea harbored as many as half a million refugees from Sierra Leone and Liberia, more refugees than any other African country for much of that decade. About half sought refuge in the volatile "Parrot’s Beak" region of southwest Guinea, a wedge of land jutting into Sierra Leone near the Liberian border. Many were relocated within Guinea in the early 2000s because the area suffered repeated cross-border attacks from various government and rebel forces, as well as anti-refugee violence.Guinea’s strong population growth is a result of declining mortality rates and sustained elevated fertility. The population growth rate was somewhat tempered in the 2000s because of a period of net outmigration. Although life expectancy and mortality rates have improved over the last two decades, the nearly universal practice of female genital cutting continues to contribute to high infant and maternal mortality rates. Guinea’s total fertility remains high at about 5 children per woman because of the ongoing preference for larger families, low contraceptive usage and availability, a lack of educational attainment and empowerment among women, and poverty. A lack of literacy and vocational training programs limit job prospects for youths, but even those with university degrees often have no option but to work in the informal sector. About 60% of the country’s large youth population is unemployed.Tensions and refugees have spilled over Guinea’s borders with Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Cote d’Ivoire. During the 1990s Guinea harbored as many as half a million refugees from Sierra Leone and Liberia, more refugees than any other African country for much of that decade. About half sought refuge in the volatile "Parrot’s Beak" region of southwest Guinea, a wedge of land jutting into Sierra Leone near the Liberian border. Many were relocated within Guinea in the early 2000s because the area suffered repeated cross-border attacks from various government and rebel forces, as well as anti-refugee violence.
Age structure: 0-14 years: 41.2% (male 2,601,221/female 2,559,918)

15-24 years: 19.32% (male 1,215,654/female 1,204,366)

25-54 years: 30.85% (male 1,933,141/female 1,930,977)

55-64 years: 4.73% (male 287,448/female 305,420)

65 years and over: 3.91% (2020 est.) (male 218,803/female 270,492)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 85.2

youth dependency ratio: 79.7

elderly dependency ratio: 5.5

potential support ratio: 18.3 (2020 est.)
Median age: total: 19.1 years

male: 18.9 years

female: 19.4 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.76% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 35.67 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 8.12 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution: areas of highest density are in the west and south; interior is sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map
Urbanization: urban population: 37.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population: 2.049 million CONAKRY (capital) (2022)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female

total population: 1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 19.9 years (2018 est.)

note: median age at first birth among women 20-49
Maternal mortality ratio: 576 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 49.63 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 54.39 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 44.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 63.9 years

male: 62.04 years

female: 65.82 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 4.85 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: 10.9% (2018)
Drinking water source: improved: urban: 99.5% of population

rural: 76.9% of population

total: 85.2% of population

unimproved: urban: 0.5% of population

rural: 23.1% of population

total: 14.8% of population (2020 est.)
Current Health Expenditure: 4% (2019)
Physicians density: 0.23 physicians/1,000 population (2018)
Hospital bed density: 0.3 beds/1,000 population (2011)
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: 90.9% of population

rural: 38.7% of population

total: 58% of population

unimproved: urban: 9.1% of population

rural: 61.3% of population

total: 42% of population (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 1.4% (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 110,000 (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 3,300 (2020 est.)
Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: very high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever

water contact diseases: schistosomiasis

animal contact diseases: rabies

aerosolized dust or soil contact diseases: Lassa fever (2016)

note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Guinea is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 7.7% (2016)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 16.3% (2018)
Child marriage: women married by age 15: 17%

women married by age 18: 46.5%

men married by age 18: 1.9% (2018 est.)
Education expenditures: 2.2% of GDP (2020 est.)
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 39.6%

male: 54.4%

female: 27.7% (2018)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 9 years

male: 10 years

female: 8 years (2014)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 7.1%

male: 6.1%

female: 7.9% (2019 est.)

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: deforestation; inadequate potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing, overpopulation in forest region; poor mining practices lead to environmental damage; water pollution; improper waste disposal
Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Air pollutants: particulate matter emissions: 22.43 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 3 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 11.13 megatons (2020 est.)
Climate: generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds
Land use: agricultural land: 58.1% (2018 est.)

arable land: 11.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 2.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 43.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 26.5% (2018 est.)

other: 15.4% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 37.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Revenue from forest resources: forest revenues: 4.81% of GDP (2018 est.)
Revenue from coal: coal revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: very high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever

water contact diseases: schistosomiasis

animal contact diseases: rabies

aerosolized dust or soil contact diseases: Lassa fever (2016)

note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Guinea is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine
Food insecurity: severe localized food insecurity: due to reduced incomes - about 740,000 people are projected to face severe food insecurity in the upcoming June to August 2022 period (2022)
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 596,911 tons (1996 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually: 29,846 tons (2005 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 5% (2005 est.)
Major rivers (by length in km): Niger river source (shared with Mali, and Nigeria [m]) - 4,200 km; Gambia river source (shared with Senegal and The Gambia [m]) - 1,094 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km), Senegal (456,397 sq km)
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 224.8 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

industrial: 56.2 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

agricultural: 292.9 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 226 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Guinea

conventional short form: Guinea

local long form: Republique de Guinee

local short form: Guinee

former: French Guinea

etymology: the country is named after the Guinea region of West Africa that lies along the Gulf of Guinea and stretches north to the Sahel
Government type: presidential republic
Capital: name: Conakry

geographic coordinates: 9 30 N, 13 42 W

time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: according to tradition, the name derives from the fusion of the name "Cona," a Baga wine and cheese producer who lived on Tombo Island (the original site of the present-day capital), and the word "nakiri," which in Susu means "the other bank" or "the other side"; supposedly, Baga's palm grove produced the best wine on the island and people traveling to sample his vintage, would say: "I am going to Cona, on the other bank (Cona-nakiri)," which over time became Conakry
Administrative divisions: 7 regions administrative (administrative regions) and 1 gouvenorat (governorate)*; Boke, Conakry*, Faranah, Kankan, Kindia, Labe, Mamou, N'Zerekore
Independence: 2 October 1958 (from France)
National holiday: Independence Day, 2 October (1958)
Constitution: history: previous 1958, 1990; latest 2010, which was suspended on 5 September 2021 via a coup d’etat; on 27 September, the Transitional Charter was released, which supersedes the constitution until a new constitution is promulgated

amendments: proposed by the National Assembly or by the president of the republic; consideration of proposals requires approval by simple majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires approval in referendum; the president can opt to submit amendments directly to the Assembly, in which case approval requires at least two-thirds majority vote; revised in 2020
Legal system: civil law system based on the French model
International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Guinea

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: na
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA (since 1 October 2021); note - on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, the constitution suspended, and the government and People's National Assembly dissolved; on 1 October 2021, DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transitional president

head of government: formerly, Prime Minister Mohamed BEAVOGUI (since 6 October 2021); note - on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, the constitution suspended, and the government of Prime Minister Ibrahima Kassory FOFANA dissolved

cabinet: formerly, the Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note: on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, the constitution suspended, and the government and legislature dissolved

elections/appointments: formerly, the president was directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) and the prime minister appointed by the president; election last held on 18 October 2020; note - on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, and on 1 October 2021,Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transitional president

election results: in the election of 18 October 2020, Alpha CONDE reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Alpha CONDE (RPG) 59.5%, Cellou Dalein DIALLO (UFDG) 33.5%, other 7%; note - following the military coup of 5 September 2021, coup leader Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transitional president on 1 October 2021 (2020)
Legislative branch: description: formerly the People's National Assembly;  note - on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, the constitution suspended, and the government and People's National Assembly dissolved; on 22 January 2022, an 81-member Transitional National Council was installed

elections: 81 members to the Transitional National Council were appointed by the transitional president Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA on 22 January 2022; elections for a permanent legislature had not been announced as of late January 2022

election results: 81 members of the National Transitional Council appointed on 22 January 2022 by the transitional president; the members represent all of the country's socio-professional organizations and political parties
Judicial branch: highest courts: Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into Administrative Chamber and Civil, Penal, and Social Chamber; court consists of the first president, 2 chamber presidents, 10 councilors, the solicitor general, and NA deputies); Constitutional Court - suspended on 5 September 2021

judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court first president appointed by the national president after consultation with the National Assembly; other members appointed by presidential decree; members serve 9-year terms until age 65

subordinate courts: Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; High Court of Justice or Cour d'Assises; Court of Account (Court of Auditors); Courts of First Instance (Tribunal de Premiere Instance); labor court; military tribunal; justices of the peace; specialized courts
Political parties and leaders: Bloc Liberal or BL [Faya MILLIMONO]
National Party for Hope and Development or PEDN [Lansana KOUYATE]
Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Vacant]
Union for the Progress of Guinea or UPG (Jacques GBONIMY)
Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [Cellou Dalein DIALLO]
Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]
Democratic Alliance for Renewal or ADR [Alpha Oumar Taran DIALLO]
Modern Guinea [Thierno Yaya DIALLO]
Party for Progress and Change or PPC [Aboubacar Biro SOUMAH]
Rally for the Republic or RPR [Diabaty DORE]
Democratic Union for Renewal and Progress or UDRP [Edouard Zoutomou KPOGHOMOU]
Guinean Union for Democracy and Development or UGDD [Francis HABA]
National Union for Prosperity or UNP [Alpha Mady SOUMAH]
Citizen Party for the Defense of Collective Interests or PCDIC [Hamidou BARRY]
Democratic Union of Guinea or UDG [Mamadou SYLLA]
Union of Democrats for the Renaissance of Guinea or UDRG [Amadou Oury BAH]
Party of Citizen Action through Labor or PACT [Makale TRAORE]
Union for the Defense of Republican Interests or UDIR [Bouya KONATE]
Front for the National Alliance or FAN [Makale CAMARA]
Alliance for National Renewal or ARN [Pepe Koulemou KOULEMOU]
Democratic Workers' Party of Guinea or PDTG [Talibi Dos CAMARA]
Party of Freedom and Progress or PLP [Laye Souleymane DIALLO]
Movement for Solidarity and Development or MSD [Abdoulaye DIALLO]
New Guinea or NG [Mohamed CISSE]
Guinean Party for Peaceful Coexistence and Development or PGCD [Nene Moussa Maleya CAMARA]
Guinean Rally for Unity and Development or RGUD [Abraham BOURE]
Guinean Party for Solidarity and Democracy or PGSD [Elie KAMANO]
New Political Generation or NGP [Badra KONE]
African Congress for Democracy and Renewal or CADRE [Daniel KOLIE]
Party of Democrats for Hope or PADES [Ousmane KABA]
Rally for Renaissance and Development or RRD [Abdoulaye KOUROUMA]
Democratic National Movement or MND [Ousmane DORE]
New Generation for the Republic or NGR [Abbe SYLLA]
Generation for Reconciliation Union and Prosperity or GRUP [Papa Koly KOUROUMA]
New Democratic Forces or NFD [Mouctar DIALLO]
Union for Progress and Renewal or UPR [Ousmane BAH]
National Front for Development or FND [Alhousseine Makanera KAKE]
Unity and Progress Party or PUP [Fode BANGOURA]
Rally for the Integrated Development of Guinea or RDIG [Jean Marc TELIANO]
Alliance for National Renewal or ARENA [Sekou Koureissy CONDE
Guinean Rally for Development or RGD [Abdoul Kabele CAMARA]
Guinean Renaissance Party or PGR [Ibrahima Sory CONDE]
Party of Hope for National Development or PEDN [Lansana KOUYATE]
Citizen Generation or GECI [Mohamed SOUMAH]
Union of Democratic Forces or UFD [Mamadou Baadiko BAH]
Democratic People's Movement of Guinea or MPDG [Siaka BARRY]
Guinea for Democracy and Balance or GDE [Aboubacar SOUMAH]

Ruling party

Guinea is currently lead by the National Committee for Reconciliation and Development, the transition government
(Comité national du rassemblement et du développement, CNRD)
Opposition parties

Ruling party

Guinea is currently lead by the National Committee for Reconciliation and Development, the transition government
(Comité national du rassemblement et du développement, CNRD):

Opposition parties

:
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Kerfalla YANSANE (since 24 January 2018)

chancery: 2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 986-4300

FAX: [1] (202) 986-3800

email address and website:
http://guineaembassyusa.org/en/welcome-to-the-embassy-of-guinea-washington-usa/
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Troy FITRELL (since January 2022)

embassy: Transversale No. 2, Centre Administratif de Koloma, Commune de Ratoma, Conakry

mailing address: 2110 Conakry Place, Washington DC  20521-2110

telephone: [224] 65-10-40-00

FAX: [224] 65-10-42-97

email address and website:
ConakryACS@state.gov

https://gn.usembassy.gov/
Flag description: three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; red represents the people's sacrifice for liberation and work; yellow stands for the sun, for the riches of the earth, and for justice; green symbolizes the country's vegetation and unity

note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the reverse of those on the flags of neighboring Mali and Senegal
National symbol(s): elephant; national colors: red, yellow, green
National anthem: name: "Liberte" (Liberty)

lyrics/music: unknown/Fodeba KEITA

note: adopted 1958
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 1 (natural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: Guinea is a poor country of approximately 12.9 million people in 2016 that possesses the world's largest reserves of bauxite and largest untapped high-grade iron ore reserves, as well as gold and diamonds. In addition, Guinea has fertile soil, ample rainfall, and is the source of several West African rivers, including the Senegal, Niger, and Gambia. Guinea's hydro potential is enormous and the country could be a major exporter of electricity. The country also has tremendous agriculture potential. Gold, bauxite, and diamonds are Guinea’s main exports. International investors have shown interest in Guinea's unexplored mineral reserves, which have the potential to propel Guinea's future growth.   Following the death of long-term President Lansana CONTE in 2008 and the coup that followed, international donors, including the G-8, the IMF, and the World Bank, significantly curtailed their development programs in Guinea. However, the IMF approved a 3-year Extended Credit Facility arrangement in 2012, following the December 2010 presidential elections. In September 2012, Guinea achieved Heavily Indebted Poor Countries completion point status. Future access to international assistance and investment will depend on the government’s ability to be transparent, combat corruption, reform its banking system, improve its business environment, and build infrastructure. In April 2013, the government amended its mining code to reduce taxes and royalties. In 2014, Guinea complied with requirements of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative by publishing its mining contracts. Guinea completed its program with the IMF in October 2016 even though some targeted reforms have been delayed. Currently Guinea is negotiating a new IMF program which will be based on Guinea’s new five-year economic plan, focusing on the development of higher value-added products, including from the agro-business sector and development of the rural economy.   Political instability, a reintroduction of the Ebola virus epidemic, low international commodity prices, and an enduring legacy of corruption, inefficiency, and lack of government transparency are factors that could impact Guinea’s future growth. Economic recovery will be a long process while the government adjusts to lower inflows of international donor aid following the surge of Ebola-related emergency support. Ebola stalled promising economic growth in the 2014-15 period and impeded several projects, such as offshore oil exploration and the Simandou iron ore project. The economy, however, grew by 6.6% in 2016 and 6.7% in 2017, mainly due to growth from bauxite mining and thermal energy generation as well as the resiliency of the agricultural sector. The 240-megawatt Kaleta Dam, inaugurated in September 2015, has expanded access to electricity for residents of Conakry. An combined with fears of Ebola virus, continue to undermine Guinea's economic viability.   Guinea’s iron ore industry took a hit in 2016 when investors in the Simandou iron ore project announced plans to divest from the project. In 2017, agriculture output and public investment boosted economic growth, while the mining sector continued to play a prominent role in economic performance.   Successive governments have failed to address the country's crumbling infrastructure. Guinea suffers from chronic electricity shortages; poor roads, rail lines and bridges; and a lack of access to clean water - all of which continue to plague economic development. The present government, led by President Alpha CONDE, is working to create an environment to attract foreign investment and hopes to have greater participation from western countries and firms in Guinea's economic development.Guinea is a poor country of approximately 12.9 million people in 2016 that possesses the world's largest reserves of bauxite and largest untapped high-grade iron ore reserves, as well as gold and diamonds. In addition, Guinea has fertile soil, ample rainfall, and is the source of several West African rivers, including the Senegal, Niger, and Gambia. Guinea's hydro potential is enormous and the country could be a major exporter of electricity. The country also has tremendous agriculture potential. Gold, bauxite, and diamonds are Guinea’s main exports. International investors have shown interest in Guinea's unexplored mineral reserves, which have the potential to propel Guinea's future growth. Following the death of long-term President Lansana CONTE in 2008 and the coup that followed, international donors, including the G-8, the IMF, and the World Bank, significantly curtailed their development programs in Guinea. However, the IMF approved a 3-year Extended Credit Facility arrangement in 2012, following the December 2010 presidential elections. In September 2012, Guinea achieved Heavily Indebted Poor Countries completion point status. Future access to international assistance and investment will depend on the government’s ability to be transparent, combat corruption, reform its banking system, improve its business environment, and build infrastructure. In April 2013, the government amended its mining code to reduce taxes and royalties. In 2014, Guinea complied with requirements of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative by publishing its mining contracts. Guinea completed its program with the IMF in October 2016 even though some targeted reforms have been delayed. Currently Guinea is negotiating a new IMF program which will be based on Guinea’s new five-year economic plan, focusing on the development of higher value-added products, including from the agro-business sector and development of the rural economy. Political instability, a reintroduction of the Ebola virus epidemic, low international commodity prices, and an enduring legacy of corruption, inefficiency, and lack of government transparency are factors that could impact Guinea’s future growth. Economic recovery will be a long process while the government adjusts to lower inflows of international donor aid following the surge of Ebola-related emergency support. Ebola stalled promising economic growth in the 2014-15 period and impeded several projects, such as offshore oil exploration and the Simandou iron ore project. The economy, however, grew by 6.6% in 2016 and 6.7% in 2017, mainly due to growth from bauxite mining and thermal energy generation as well as the resiliency of the agricultural sector. The 240-megawatt Kaleta Dam, inaugurated in September 2015, has expanded access to electricity for residents of Conakry. An combined with fears of Ebola virus, continue to undermine Guinea's economic viability. Guinea’s iron ore industry took a hit in 2016 when investors in the Simandou iron ore project announced plans to divest from the project. In 2017, agriculture output and public investment boosted economic growth, while the mining sector continued to play a prominent role in economic performance. Successive governments have failed to address the country's crumbling infrastructure. Guinea suffers from chronic electricity shortages; poor roads, rail lines and bridges; and a lack of access to clean water - all of which continue to plague economic development. The present government, led by President Alpha CONDE, is working to create an environment to attract foreign investment and hopes to have greater participation from western countries and firms in Guinea's economic development.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $35.08 billion (2020 est.)

$32.78 billion (2019 est.)

$31.03 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
Real GDP growth rate: 8.2% (2017 est.)

10.5% (2016 est.)

3.8% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $2,700 (2020 est.)

$2,600 (2019 est.)

$2,500 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): $13.55 billion (2019 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 9.4% (2019 est.)

9.8% (2018 est.)

8.9% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 19.8% (2017 est.)

industry: 32.1% (2017 est.)

services: 48.1% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 80.8% (2017 est.)

government consumption: 6.6% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 9.1% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories: 18.5% (2017 est.)

exports of goods and services: 21.9% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services: -36.9% (2017 est.)
Agricultural products: rice, cassava, groundnuts, maize, oil palm fruit, fonio, plantains, sugar cane, sweet potatoes, vegetables
Industries: bauxite, gold, diamonds, iron ore; light manufacturing, agricultural processing
Industrial production growth rate: 11% (2017 est.)
Labor force: 5.558 million (2017 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 76%

industry: 24% (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate: 2.7% (2017 est.)

2.8% (2016 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 7.1%

male: 6.1%

female: 7.9% (2019 est.)
Population below poverty line: 43.7% (2018 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 33.7 (2012 est.)

40.3 (1994)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.7%

highest 10%: 30.3% (2007)
Budget: revenues: 1.7 billion (2017 est.)

expenditures: 1.748 billion (2017 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Public debt: 37.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

41.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Taxes and other revenues: 16.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Current account balance: -$705 million (2017 est.)

-$2.705 billion (2016 est.)
Exports: $4.04 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$4.08 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$4.733 billion (2017 est.)
Exports - partners: United Arab Emirates 39%, China 36%, India 6% (2019)
Exports - commodities: aluminum, gold, bauxite, diamonds, fish, cashews (2019)
Imports: $4.32 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$4.18 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$7.317 billion (2017 est.)
Imports - partners: China 39%, India 8%, Netherlands 6%, Belgium 5%, United Arab Emirates 5% (2019)
Imports - commodities: rice, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, delivery trucks, cars (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $331.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)

$383.4 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Debt - external: $1.458 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$1.462 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Exchange rates: Guinean francs (GNF) per US dollar -

9,953 (2020 est.)

9,542.5 (2019 est.)

9,092 (2018 est.)

7,485.5 (2014 est.)

7,014.1 (2013 est.)

Topic: Energy
Electricity access: electrification - total population: 46% (2019)

electrification - urban areas: 84% (2019)

electrification - rural areas: 24% (2019)
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 992,000 kW (2020 est.)

consumption: 1.781 billion kWh (2019 est.)

exports: 0 kWh (2019 est.)

imports: 0 kWh (2019 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 280 million kWh (2019 est.)
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 22.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

solar: 0.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

hydroelectricity: 77.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Coal: production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 19,800 bbl/day (2019 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 0 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 18,460 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas: production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 2.981 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 2.981 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: 4.133 million Btu/person (2019 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 0 (2018 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0 (2018 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 13.795 million (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 105 (2020 est.)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: Guinea’s telecom market is dominated by MTN and Orange; after the entry of these regional players, the number of mobile subscribers grew strongly while revenue also increased steadily; the debt-stricken incumbent fixed-line network Sotelgui provided a mobile service until it was closed down in late 2012, following a long period of mismanagement; the company itself was declared bankrupt in 2013, and stopped operating; the government since 2019 has sought to secure partners and investors to help launch a replacement operator, Guinea Telecom, but with no success; fixed broadband services are still very limited and expensive, though there have been some positive developments in recent years; the landing of the first international submarine cable in 2012, and the setting up of an IXP in mid-2013, increased the bandwidth available to the ISPs, and helped reduce the cost of internet services for end-users; a National Backbone Network was completed in mid-2020, connecting administrative centers across the country; almost all internet connections are made via mobile networks; GSM services account for a dwindling proportion of connections, in line with the greater reach of services based on 3G and LTE. (2022)

domestic: there is national coverage and Conakry is reasonably well-served; coverage elsewhere remains inadequate but is improving; fixed-line teledensity is less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership is just over 100 per 100 persons (2019)

international: country code - 224; ACE submarine cable connecting Guinea with 20 landing points in Western and South Africa and Europe; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean (2019)

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
Broadcast media: Government maintains marginal control over broadcast media; single state-run TV station; state-run radio broadcast station also operates several stations in rural areas; a dozen private television stations; a steadily increasing number of privately owned radio stations, nearly all in Conakry, and about a dozen community radio stations; foreign TV programming available via satellite and cable subscription services  (2022)Government maintains marginal control over broadcast media; single state-run TV station; state-run radio broadcast station also operates several stations in rural areas; a dozen private television stations; a steadily increasing number of privately owned radio stations, nearly all in Conakry, and about a dozen community radio stations; foreign TV programming available via satellite and cable subscription services
Internet country code: .gn
Internet users: total: 3,414,526 (2020 est.)

percent of population: 26% (2020 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 1,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.01 (2020 est.)

Topic: Transportation
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 3X
Airports: total: 16 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 4

over 3,047 m: 1

1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2021)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 12

1,524 to 2,437 m: 7

914 to 1,523 m: 3

under 914 m: 2 (2021)
Railways: total: 1,086 km (2017)

standard gauge: 279 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 807 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge
Roadways: total: 44,301 km (2018)

paved: 3,346 km (2018)

unpaved: 40,955 km (2018)
Waterways: 1,300 km (2011) (navigable by shallow-draft native craft in the northern part of the Niger River system)
Merchant marine: total: 2

by type: other 2 (2021)
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Conakry, Kamsar

Topic: Military and Security
Military and security forces: National Armed Forces: Army, Guinean Navy (Armee de Mer or Marine Guineenne), Guinean Air Force (Force Aerienne de Guinee), Presidential Security Battalion (Battailon Autonome de la Sécurité Presidentielle, BASP), Gendarmerie (2022)

note: the National Gendarmerie is overseen by the Ministry of Defense, while the National Police is under the Ministry of Security; the Gendarmerie and National Police share responsibility for internal security, but only the Gendarmerie can arrest police or military officials
Military expenditures: 1.5% of GDP (2021 est.)

1.4% of GDP (2020 est.)

1.6% of GDP (2019 est.) (approximately $270 million)

1.8% of GDP (2018 est.) (approximately $280 million)

1.8% of GDP (2017 est.) (approximately $260 million)
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 12,000 active personnel (9,000 Army; 400 Navy; 800 Air Force; 300 BASP; 1,500 Gendarmerie) (2022)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the inventory of the Guinean military consists largely of ageing and outdated (mostly Soviet-era) equipment; since 2010, it has received small amounts of equipment from China, France, Russia, and South Africa (2022)
Military service age and obligation: Voluntary and selective conscripted service, 9-24 mos (2022)
Military deployments: 670 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)
Military - note: the Army is responsible for external defense, but also has some domestic security responsibilities; piracy and natural resource protection in the Gulf of Guinea are key areas of concern for the small Navy, which possesses only a few patrol boats (2022)
Maritime threats: the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, "Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea"

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: Sierra Leone considers Guinea's definition of the flood plain limits to define the left bank boundary of the Makona and Moa Rivers excessive and protests Guinea's continued occupation of these lands, including the hamlet of Yenga, occupied since 1998Sierra Leone considers Guinea's definition of the flood plain limits to define the left bank boundary of the Makona and Moa Rivers excessive and protests Guinea's continued occupation of these lands, including the hamlet of Yenga, occupied since 1998
Trafficking in persons: current situation: Guinea is a source, transit, and, to a lesser extent, a destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; the majority of trafficking victims are Guinean children; Guinean girls are subjected to domestic servitude and commercial sexual exploitation, while boys are forced to beg, work as street vendors, shoe shiners, or miners; some Guinean children are forced to mine in Senegal, Mali, and possibly other West African countries; Guinean women and girls are subjected to domestic servitude and sex trafficking in Nigeria, Cote d’Ivoire, Benin, Senegal, Greece, and Spain, while Chinese and Vietnamese women are reportedly forced into prostitution in Guinea

tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — Guinea does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however it is making significant efforts to do so; the government  drafted a new anti-trafficking action plan, provided support to eight victims exploited in the Middle East, and incorporated anti-trafficking training into the law enforcement curriculum; however, the government did not overall increase efforts compared to the last rating period; investigations and prosecutions of trafficking crimes decreased, victim identification was inadequate, and NGO’s providing victim services did not receive government support; for the fourth year, resources for the anti-trafficking committee or the Office for the Protection of Gender, Children and Morals were inadequate; a Quranic teacher was not prosecuted for allegedly forcing child begging; Guinea was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (2020)


Topic: Photos of Anguilla

Topic: Introduction
Background: Colonized by English settlers from Saint Kitts in 1650, Anguilla was administered by Great Britain until the early 19th century, when the island - against the wishes of the inhabitants - was incorporated into a single British dependency along with Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several attempts at separation failed. In 1971, two years after a revolt, Anguilla was finally allowed to secede; this arrangement was formally recognized in 1980, with Anguilla becoming a separate British dependency. On 7 September 2017, the island suffered extensive damage from Hurricane Irma, particularly to communications and residential and business infrastructure.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico
Geographic coordinates: 18 15 N, 63 10 W
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
Area: total: 91 sq km

land: 91 sq km

water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: about one-half the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: total: 0 km
Coastline: 61 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Climate: tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds
Terrain: flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone
Elevation: highest point: Crocus Hill 73 m

lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
Natural resources: salt, fish, lobster
Land use: agricultural land: 0% (2018 est.)

arable land: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)

forest: 61.1% (2018 est.)

other: 38.9% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 0 sq km (2012)
Population distribution: most of the population is concentrated in The Valley in the center of the island; settlmement is fairly uniform in the southwest, but rather sparce in the northeast
Natural hazards: frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)
Geography - note: the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles
Map description: Anguilla map showing the major island of Anguilla and its nearby small islands that comprise this UK territory in the North Atlantic Ocean.Anguilla map showing the major island of Anguilla and its nearby small islands that comprise this UK territory in the North Atlantic Ocean.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 18,741 (2022 est.)
Nationality: noun: Anguillan(s)

adjective: Anguillan
Ethnic groups: African/Black 85.3%, Hispanic 4.9%, mixed 3.8%, White 3.2%, East Indian/Indian 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified 0.3% (2011 est.)

note: data represent population by ethnic origin
Languages: English (official)
Religions: Protestant 73.2% (includes Anglican 22.7%, Methodist 19.4%, Pentecostal 10.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 8.3%, Baptist 7.1%, Church of God 4.9%, Presbyterian 0.2%, Brethren 0.1%), Roman Catholic 6.8%, Jehovah's Witness 1.1%, other Christian 10.9%, other 3.2%, unspecified 0.3%, none 4.5% (2011 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 21.63% (male 1,991/female 1,922)

15-24 years: 13.9% (male 1,269/female 1,246)

25-54 years: 42.27% (male 3,428/female 4,218)

55-64 years: 12.42% (male 993/female 1,254)

65 years and over: 9.78% (2020 est.) (male 874/female 895)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: NA

youth dependency ratio: NA

elderly dependency ratio: NA

potential support ratio: NA
Median age: total: 35.7 years

male: 33.7 years

female: 37.6 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.8% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 12.01 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 4.64 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: 10.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution: most of the population is concentrated in The Valley in the center of the island; settlmement is fairly uniform in the southwest, but rather sparce in the northeast
Urbanization: urban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population: 1,000 THE VALLEY (capital) (2018)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.82 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.77 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female

total population: 0.89 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 3.07 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 4.01 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 2.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 82.2 years

male: 79.59 years

female: 84.89 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.72 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: NA
Drinking water source: improved: urban: 97.5% of population

total: 97.5% of population

unimproved: urban: 2.5% of population

total: 2.5% of population (2017 est.)
Current Health Expenditure: NA
Physicians density: NA
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: 99.1% of population

total: 99.1% of population

unimproved: urban: 0.9% of population

total: 0.9% of population (2017 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: NA
Education expenditures: 3.6% of GDP (2018 est.)
Literacy: total population: NA

male: NA

female: NA

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: supplies of potable water sometimes cannot meet increasing demand largely because of poor distribution system
Climate: tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds
Land use: agricultural land: 0% (2018 est.)

arable land: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)

forest: 61.1% (2018 est.)

other: 38.9% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Anguilla

etymology: the name Anguilla means "eel" in various Romance languages (Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, French) and likely derives from the island's lengthy shape
Government type: parliamentary democracy (House of Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK
Dependency status: overseas territory of the UK
Capital: name: The Valley

geographic coordinates: 18 13 N, 63 03 W

time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: name derives from the capital's location between several hills
Administrative divisions: none (overseas territory of the UK)
Independence: none (overseas territory of the UK)
National holiday: Anguilla Day, 30 May (1967)
Constitution: history: several previous; latest 1 April 1982

amendments: amended 1990, 2012, 2017, 2019
Legal system: common law based on the English model
Citizenship: see United Kingdom
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Dileeni DANIEL-SELVARATNAM
(since 18 January 2021)

head of government: Premier Dr. Ellis WEBSTER (since 30 June 2020); note -  starting in 2019, the title of head of government was changed to premier from chief minister of Anguilla

cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor from among elected members of the House of Assembly

elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed premier by the governor
Legislative branch: description: unicameral House of Assembly (11 seats; 7 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 2 appointed by the governor, and 2 ex officio members - the attorney general and deputy governor; members serve five-year terms)

elections: last held on 29 June 2020 (next to be held in 2025)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APM 7, AUF 4; composition - men 8, women 3, percent of women 27.3%
Judicial branch: highest courts: the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, travelling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, though none on Anguilla

judge selection and term of office: Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court chief justice appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62

subordinate courts: Magistrate's Court; Juvenile Court
Political parties and leaders: Anguilla Democratic Party or ADP
Anguilla National Alliance or ANA
Anguilla Progressive Movement or APM [Dr. Ellis WEBSTER]; (formerly Anguilla United Movement or AUM)
Anguilla United Front or AUF [Cora RICHARDSON-HODGE] (alliance includes ADP, ANA)
International organization participation: Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), OECS, UNESCO (associate), UPU
Diplomatic representation in the US: none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: none (overseas territory of the UK); alternate contact is the US Embassy in Barbados [1] (246) 227-4000
Flag description: blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with a turquoise-blue field below; the white in the background represents peace; the blue base symbolizes the surrounding sea, as well as faith, youth, and hope; the three dolphins stand for endurance, unity, and strength
National symbol(s): dolphin
National anthem: name: "God Bless Anguilla"

lyrics/music: Alex RICHARDSON

note: local anthem adopted 1981; as a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: Anguilla has few natural resources, is unsuited for agriculture, and the economy depends heavily on luxury tourism, offshore banking, lobster fishing, and remittances from emigrants. Increased activity in the tourism industry has spurred the growth of the construction sector contributing to economic growth. Anguillan officials have put substantial effort into developing the offshore financial sector, which is small but growing. In the medium term, prospects for the economy will depend largely on the recovery of the tourism sector and, therefore, on revived income growth in the industrialized nations as well as on favorable weather conditions.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $175.4 million (2009 est.)

$191.7 million (2008 est.)

$108.9 million (2004 est.)
Real GDP growth rate: -8.5% (2009 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $12,200 (2008 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate): $175.4 million (2009 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.3% (2017 est.)

-0.6% (2016 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 3% (2017 est.)

industry: 10.5% (2017 est.)

services: 86.4% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 74.1% (2017 est.)

government consumption: 18.3% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 26.8% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories: 0% (2017 est.)

exports of goods and services: 48.2% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services: -67.4% (2017 est.)
Agricultural products: small quantities of tobacco, vegetables; cattle raising
Industries: tourism, boat building, offshore financial services
Industrial production growth rate: 4% (2017 est.)
Labor force: 6,049 (2001)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 74.1%

industry: 3%

services: 18%

agriculture/fishing/forestry/mining: 4% (2000 est.)

manufacturing: 3% (2000 est.)

construction: 18% (2000 est.)

transportation and utilities: 10% (2000 est.)

commerce: 36% (2000 est.)
Unemployment rate: 8% (2002)
Population below poverty line: 23% (2002 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: NA

highest 10%: NA
Budget: revenues: 81.92 million (2017 est.)

expenditures: 80.32 million (2017 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): 0.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Public debt: 20.1% of GDP (2015 est.)

20.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
Taxes and other revenues: 46.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
Current account balance: -$23.2 million (2017 est.)

-$25.3 million (2016 est.)
Exports: $7.9 million (2017 est.)

$3.9 million (2016 est.)
Exports - commodities: lobster, fish, livestock, salt, concrete blocks, rum
Imports: $186.2 million (2017 est.)

$170.1 million (2016 est.)
Imports - commodities: fuels, foodstuffs, manufactures, chemicals, trucks, textiles
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $76.38 million (31 December 2017 est.)

$48.14 million (31 December 2015 est.)
Debt - external: $41.04 million (31 December 2013)

$8.8 million (1998)
Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -

2.7 (2017 est.)

2.7 (2016 est.)

2.7 (2015 est.)

2.7 (2014 est.)

2.7 (2013 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 6,000 (2018 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 42 (2018 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 26,000 (2018 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 182 (2018 est.)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one major casualty may be the region’s second largest telco operator, Digicel; the company filed for bankruptcy in the US in April 2020; it continues to operate in all of its Caribbean markets as it seeks to refinance billions of dollars of debt; the other major telco, regional incumbent Cable & Wireless Communications (CWC), is experiencing similar drops in subscriber numbers and revenue; CWC is expanding and enhancing its fixed and mobile networks in many of the countries it serves around the Caribbean, despite many locations being small islands with very small populations; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage. (2021)

domestic: fixed-line teledensity is about 42 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 182 per 100 persons (2018)

international: country code - 1-264; landing points for the SSCS, ECFS, GCN and Southern Caribbean Fiber with submarine cable links to Caribbean islands and to the US; microwave radio relay to island of Saint Martin/Sint Maarten (2019)

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
Broadcast media: 1 private TV station; multi-channel cable TV subscription services are available; about 10 radio stations, one of which is government-owned
Internet country code: .ai
Internet users: total: 12,489 (2019 est.)

percent of population: 82% (2019 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 5,000 (2018 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2018 est.)

Topic: Transportation
National air transport system: number of registered air carriers: 2 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 4
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: VP-A
Airports: total: 1 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 1

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2021)
Roadways: total: 175 km (2004)

paved: 82 km (2004)

unpaved: 93 km (2004)
Merchant marine: total: 2

by type: other 2 (2021)
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Blowing Point, Road Bay

Topic: Military and Security
Military - note: defense is the responsibility of the UK

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: none identifiednone identified
Illicit drugs: transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europetransshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe


This entry measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country. The index is calculated from the Lorenz curve, in which cumulative family income is plotted against the number of families arranged from the poorest to the richest. The index is the ratio of (a) the area between a country's Lorenz curve and the 45 degree helping line to (b) the entire triangular area under the 45 degree line. The more nearly equal a country's income distribution, the closer its Lorenz curve to the 45 degree line and the lower its Gini index, e.g., a Scandinavian country with an index of 25. The more unequal a country's income distribution, the farther its Lorenz curve from the 45 degree line and the higher its Gini index, e.g., a Sub-Saharan country with an index of 50. If income were distributed with perfect equality, the Lorenz curve would coincide with the 45 degree line and the index would be zero; if income were distributed with perfect inequality, the Lorenz curve would coincide with the horizontal axis and the right vertical axis and the index would be 100.

Topic: Afghanistan29.4 (2008)

Topic: Albania33.2 (2017 est.)

30 (2008 est.)

Topic: Algeria27.6 (2011 est.)

Topic: Angola51.3 (2018 est.)

Topic: Argentina41.4 (2018 est.)

45.8 (2009)

Topic: Armenia34.4 (2018 est.)

31.5 (2013 est.)

Topic: Australia34.4 (2014 est.)

35.2 (1994)

Topic: Austria29.7 (2017 est.)

30.5 (2014)

Topic: Azerbaijan33.7 (2008)

36.5 (2001)

Topic: Bangladesh32.4 (2016 est.)

33.2 (2005)

Topic: Belarus25.2 (2018 est.)

21.7 (1998)

Topic: Belgium27.4 (2017 est.)

28.7 (1996)

Topic: Benin47.8 (2015 est.)

Topic: Bhutan37.4 (2017 est.)

38.1 (2007)

Topic: Bolivia42.2 (2018 est.)

57.9 (1999)

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovina33 (2011 est.)

33.1 (2007)

Topic: Botswana53.3 (2015 est.)

63 (1993)

Topic: Brazil53.9 (2018 est.)

54 (2004)

Topic: Bulgaria40.4 (2017 est.)

38.3 (2016)

Topic: Burkina Faso35.3 (2014 est.)

48.2 (1994)

Topic: Burma30.7 (2017 est.)

Topic: Burundi38.6 (2013 est.)

Topic: Cabo Verde42.4 (2015 est.)

Topic: Cambodia37.9 (2008 est.)

41.9 (2004 est.)

Topic: Cameroon46.5 (2014 est.)

46.6 (2014 est.)

Topic: Canada33.3 (2017 est.)

31.5 (1994)

Topic: Central African Republic43.6 (2003 est.)

61.3 (1993)

Topic: Chad43.3 (2011 est.)

Topic: Chile44.4 (2017 est.)

57.1 (2000)

Topic: China38.5 (2016 est.)

46.2 (2015 est.)

Topic: Colombia50.4 (2018 est.)

53.5 (2014)

Topic: Comoros45.3 (2014 est.)

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of the42.1 (2012 est.)

Topic: Congo, Republic of the48.9 (2011 est.)

Topic: Costa Rica48 (2018 est.)

49.2 (2013)

Topic: Cote d'Ivoire41.5 (2015 est.)

36.7 (1995)

Topic: Croatia30.4 (2017 est.)

32.1 (2014 est.)

Topic: Cyprus31.4 (2017 est.)

32.4 (2013 est.)

Topic: Czechia24.9 (2017 est.)

25.1 (2014)

Topic: Denmark28.7 (2017 est.)

27.5 (2010 est.)

Topic: Djibouti41.6 (2017 est.)

Topic: Dominican Republic43.7 (2018 est.)

45.7 (2012 est.)

Topic: Ecuador45.4 (2018 est.)

48.5 (December 2017)

note: data are for urban households only

Topic: Egypt31.5 (2017 est.)

29.8 (2012)

Topic: El Salvador38.6 (2018 est.)

38 (2014)

Topic: Estonia30.4 (2017 est.)

35.6 (2014)

Topic: Eswatini54.6 (2016 est.)

Topic: Ethiopia35 (2015 est.)

30 (2000)

Topic: European Union30.8 (2016 est.)

31 (2015 est.)

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)36 (2015)

Topic: Faroe Islands22.7 (2013 est.)

21.6 (2011 est.)

Topic: Fiji36.7 (2013 est.)

Topic: Finland27.4 (2017 est.)

22.2 (1995)

Topic: France31.6 (2017 est.)

29.2 (2015)

Topic: Gabon38 (2017 est.)

Topic: Gambia, The35.9 (2015 est.)

Topic: Gaza Strip33.7 (2016 est.)

Topic: Georgia36.4 (2018 est.)

46 (2011)

Topic: Germany31.9 (2016 est.)

30 (1994)

Topic: Ghana43.5 (2016 est.)

42.3 (2012-13)
 41.9 (2005-06)

Topic: Greece34.4 (2017 est.)

35.7 (2011)

Topic: Greenland33.9 (2015 est.)

34.3 (2014 est.)

Topic: Guatemala48.3 (2014 est.)

56 (2011)

Topic: Guinea33.7 (2012 est.)

40.3 (1994)

Topic: Guinea-Bissau50.7 (2010 est.)

Topic: Guyana44.6 (2007)

43.2 (1999)

Topic: Haiti41.1 (2012 est.)

59.2 (2001)

Topic: Honduras52.1 (2018 est.)

45.7 (2009)

Topic: Hong Kong53.9 (2016)

53.7 (2011 est.)

Topic: Hungary30.6 (2017 est.)

28.6 (2014)

Topic: Iceland26.8 (2015 est.)

25 (2005)

Topic: India35.7 (2011 est.)

37.8 (1997)

Topic: Indonesia37.8 (2018 est.)

39.4 (2005)

Topic: Iran40.8 (2017 est.)

Topic: Iraq29.5 (2012 est.)

Topic: Ireland32.8 (2016 est.)

35.9 (1987 est.)

Topic: Israel37 (2018 est.)

39 (2016 est.)

39.2 (2008)

Topic: Italy35.9 (2017 est.)

27.3 (1995)

Topic: Jamaica35 (2016)

38 (2015)

Topic: Japan32.9 (2013 est.)

24.9 (1993)

Topic: Jersey0.3 (2014 est.)

0.3 (2013 est.)

Topic: Jordan33.7 (2010 est.)

36.4 (1997)

Topic: Kazakhstan27.5 (2017 est.)

31.5 (2003)

Topic: Kenya40.8 (2015 est.)

42.5 (2008 est.)

Topic: Korea, South35.4 (2015 est.)

31.6 (2012 est.)

Topic: Kosovo29 (2017 est.)

24.1 (2014 est.)

Topic: Kyrgyzstan27.7 (2018 est.)

29 (2001)

Topic: Laos36.4 (2012 est.)

34.6 (2002)

Topic: Latvia35.6 (2017 est.)

35.4 (2014)

Topic: Lebanon31.8 (2011 est.)

Topic: Lesotho44.9 (2017 est.)

56 (1986-87)

Topic: Liberia35.3 (2016 est.)

38.2 (2007)

Topic: Lithuania37.3 (2017 est.)

35 (2014)

Topic: Luxembourg34.9 (2017 est.)

26 (2005 est.)

Topic: Macau35 (2013)

38 (2008)

Topic: Madagascar42.6 (2012 est.)

42.7 (2010)

Topic: Malawi44.7 (2016 est.)

39 (2004)

Topic: Malaysia41 (2015 est.)

49.2 (1997)

Topic: Maldives31.3 (2016 est.)

37.4 (2004 est.)

Topic: Mali40.1 (2001)

50.5 (1994)

Topic: Malta29.2 (2017 est.)

27.7 (2014)

Topic: Mauritania32.6 (2014 est.)

39 (2006 est.)

Topic: Mauritius36.8 (2017 est.)

39 (2006 est.)

Topic: Mexico36.8 (2018 est.)

48.3 (2008)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States of40.1 (2013 est.)

Topic: Moldova25.7 (2018 est.)

26.8 (2014 est.)

Topic: Mongolia32.7 (2018 est.)

36.5 (2008)

Topic: Montenegro39 (2015 est.)

32.3 (2013 est.)

Topic: Morocco39.5 (2013 est.)

39.5 (1999 est.)

Topic: Mozambique54 (2014 est.)

47.3 (2002)

Topic: Namibia59.1 (2015 est.)

70.7 (2003)

Topic: Nepal32.8 (2010 est.)

47.2 (2008 est.)

Topic: Netherlands28.5 (2017 est.)

25.1 (2013 est.)

Topic: New Zealand36.2 (1997)

Topic: Nicaragua46.2 (2014 est.)

45.8 (2009)

Topic: Niger34.3 (2014 est.)

50.5 (1995)

Topic: Nigeria35.1 (2018 est.)

50.6 (1997)

Topic: North Macedonia34.2 (2017 est.)

35.2 (2014)

Topic: Norway27 (2017 est.)

25.8 (1995)

Topic: Pakistan33.5 (2015 est.)

30.9 (FY2011)

Topic: Panama49.2 (2018 est.)

56.1 (2003)

Topic: Papua New Guinea50.9 (1996)

Topic: Paraguay46.2 (2018 est.)

53.2 (2009)

Topic: Peru42.8 (2018 est.)

51 (2005)

Topic: Philippines44.4 (2015 est.)

46 (2012 est.)

Topic: Poland29.7 (2017 est.)

33.7 (2008)

Topic: Portugal33.8 (2017 est.)

34 (2014 est.)

Topic: Qatar41.1 (2007)

Topic: Romania36 (2017 est.)

28.2 (2010)

Topic: Russia37.5 (2018 est.)

41.9 (2013)

Topic: Rwanda43.7 (2016 est.)

51.3 (2010 est.)

Topic: Saint Lucia51.2 (2016 est.)

Topic: Samoa38.7 (2013 est.)

Topic: Sao Tome and Principe56.3 (2017 est.)

32.1 (2000 est.)

Topic: Saudi Arabia45.9 (2013 est.)

Topic: Senegal40.3 (2011 est.)

Topic: Serbia36.2 (2017 est.)

28.2 (2008 est.)

Topic: Seychelles46.8 (2013 est.)

Topic: Sierra Leone35.7 (2018 est.)

62.9 (1989)

Topic: Singapore45.9 (2017)

45.8 (2016)

Topic: Slovakia25.2 (2016 est.)

26.1 (2014)

Topic: Slovenia24.2 (2017 est.)

24.5 (2015)

Topic: Solomon Islands37.1 (2013 est.)

Topic: South Africa63 (2014 est.)

63.4 (2011 est.)

Topic: South Sudan46 (2010 est.)

Topic: Spain34.7 (2017 est.)

32 (2005)

Topic: Sri Lanka39.8 (2016 est.)

46 (1995)

Topic: Sudan34.2 (2014 est.)

Topic: Sweden28.8 (2017 est.)

25 (1992)

Topic: Switzerland32.7 (2017 est.)

33.1 (1992)

Topic: Taiwan33.6 (2014)

32.6 (2000)

Topic: Tajikistan34 (2015 est.)

34.7 (1998)

Topic: Tanzania40.5 (2017 est.)

34.6 (2000)

Topic: Thailand36.4 (2018 est.)

48.4 (2011)

Topic: Timor-Leste28.7 (2014 est.)

38 (2002 est.)

Topic: Togo43.1 (2015 est.)

Topic: Tonga37.6 (2015 est.)

Topic: Tunisia32.8 (2015 est.)

41.7 (1995 est.)

Topic: Turkey (Turkiye)41.9 (2018 est.)

43.6 (2003)

Topic: Turkmenistan40.8 (1998)

Topic: Tuvalu39.1 (2010 est.)

Topic: Uganda42.8 (2016 est.)

45.7 (2002)

Topic: Ukraine26.1 (2018 est.)

28.2 (2009)

Topic: United Arab Emirates32.5 (2014 est.)

Topic: United Kingdom34.8 (2016 est.)

33.4 (2010)

Topic: United States41.1 (2016 est.)

40.8 (1997)

Topic: Uruguay39.7 (2018 est.)

41.9 (2013)

Topic: Uzbekistan36.8 (2003)

44.7 (1998)

Topic: Vanuatu37.6 (2010 est.)

Topic: Venezuela39 (2011)

49.5 (1998)

Topic: Vietnam35.7 (2018 est.)

37.6 (2008)

Topic: West Bank33.7 (2016 est.)

38.7 (2007 est.)

note: includes Gaza Strip

Topic: World37.9 (2012 est.)

37.9 (2005 est.)

Topic: Yemen36.7 (2014 est.)

37.3 (1999 est.)

Topic: Zambia57.1 (2015 est.)

50.8 (2004)

Topic: Zimbabwe44.3 (2017 est.)

50.1 (2006)


Topic: Introduction
Background: Spain and France colonized and divided the island of Hispaniola.  The western third became Haiti.  The remainder became the Dominican Republic in 1844. Dominicans voluntarily returned to the Spanish Empire, but two years later they launched a war that restored independence in 1865.Spain and France colonized and divided the island of Hispaniola.  The western third became Haiti.  The remainder became the Dominican Republic in 1844. Dominicans voluntarily returned to the Spanish Empire, but two years later they launched a war that restored independence in 1865.

Topic: Geography
Area: total: 48,670 sq km

land: 48,320 sq km

water: 350 sq km
Climate: tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall
Natural resources: nickel, bauxite, gold, silver, arable land

Topic: People and Society
Population: 10,694,700 (2022 est.)
Ethnic groups: mixed 70.4% (Mestizo/Indio 58%, Mulatto 12.4%), Black 15.8%, White 13.5%, other 0.3% (2014 est.)
Languages: Spanish (official)
Religions: Roman Catholic 44.3%, Evangelical 13%, Protestant 7.9%, Adventist 1.4%, other 1.8%, atheist 0.2%, none 29.4%, unspecified 2% (2018 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.91% (2022 est.)

Topic: Government
Government type: presidential republic
Capital: name: Santo Domingo
Executive branch: chief of state: President Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (since 16 August 2020); Vice President Raquel PENA de Antuna (since 16 August 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (since 16 August 2020); Vice President Raquel PENA de Antuna (since 16 August 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
Legislative branch: description: bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:
Senate or Senado (32 seats; 26 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, and 6 members indirectly elected based upon province-wide party plurality votes for its candidates to the Chamber of Deputies; all members serve 4-year terms; note - in 2019, the Central Election Commission changed the electoral system for seats in26 constituencies to direct simple majority but retained indirect election for the remaining 6 constituencies; previously all 32 members were indirectly elected; the change had been challenged by the ruling and opposition parties)

House of Representatives or Camara de Diputados (190 seats; 178 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method, 5 members in a nationwide constituency and 7 diaspora members directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: tourism, construction, mining, and telecommunications OECS economy; COVID-19 disrupted economic growth; major foreign direct investment and free-trade zones; developing local financial markets; improving debt management; declining povertytourism, construction, mining, and telecommunications OECS economy; COVID-19 disrupted economic growth; major foreign direct investment and free-trade zones; developing local financial markets; improving debt management; declining poverty
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $184.45 billion (2020 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $17,000 (2020 est.)
Agricultural products: sugar cane, bananas, papayas, rice, plantains, milk, avocados, fruit, pineapples, coconuts
Industries: tourism, sugar processing, gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco, electrical components, medical devices
Exports: $14.44 billion (2020 est.)
Exports - partners: United States 54%, Switzerland 8%, Canada 5%, India 5%, China 5% (2019)
Exports - commodities: gold, medical instruments, cigars, low-voltage protection equipment, bananas (2019)
Imports: $20.19 billion (2020 est.)
Imports - partners: United States 50%, China 13% (2019)
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, cars, jewelry, natural gas, broadcasting equipment (2019)
Exchange rates: Dominican pesos (DOP) per US dollar -Page last updated: Wednesday, May 11, 2022