US State Dept Travel Advisory: The US Department of State currently recommends US citizens Exercise increased caution in Cameroon due to COVID-19 and crime. Consult its website via the link below for updates to travel advisories and statements on safety, security, local laws and special circumstances in this country.

https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html
Passport/Visa Requirements: US citizens should make sure their passport will not expire for at least 6 months after they enter the country even if they do not intend to stay that long. They should also make sure they have at least 1 blank page in their passport for any entry stamp and or visa that will be required. A visa is required. US citizens will need to get in touch with the country’s embassy or nearest consulate to obtain a visa prior to visiting the country.
US Embassy/Consulate: [237] 22220 1500; US Embassy in Yaoundé, Avenue Rosa Parks, Yaoundé, Cameroon; https://cm.usembassy.gov/; YaoundeACS@state.gov
Telephone Code: 237
Local Emergency Phone: Local numbers only
Vaccinations: An International Certificate of Vaccination for yellow fever is required for all travelers. See WHO recommendations.

http://www.who.int/
Climate: Varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north
Currency (Code): Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Central francs (Central African CFA franc, XAF)
Electricity/Voltage/Plug Type(s): 220 V / 50 Hz / plug types(s): C, E

Major Languages: 24 major African language groups, English, French
Major Religions: Roman Catholic 38.3%, Protestant 25.5%, other Christian 6.9%, Muslim 24.4%, animist 2.2%
Time Difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Potable Water: Opt for bottled water
International Driving Permit: Suggested
Road Driving Side: Right
Tourist Destinations: Yaounde; Limbe; Douala; Waza National Park; Bamenda; Foumban Palace; Lake Nyos
Major Sports: Soccer, tennis, boxing, basketball, cycling
Cultural Practices: Government officials are regularly referred to as "excellency" instead of by surname.
Tipping Guidelines: Tipping $2-5 (USD) per service rendered is considered acceptable for porters and waiters; $8-15 (USD) per person per day is considered normal for guides and safari drivers.Please visit the following links to find further information about your desired destination.

World Health Organization (WHO) - To learn what vaccines and health precautions to take while visiting your destination.

US State Dept Travel Information - Overall information about foreign travel for US citizens.

To obtain an international driving permit (IDP). Only two organizations in the US issue IDPs:
American Automobile Association (AAA) and American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA)

How to get help in an emergency?
Contact the nearest US embassy or consulate, or call one of these numbers:
from the US or Canada - 1-888-407-4747 or from Overseas - +1 202-501-4444

Page last updated: Tuesday, March 22, 2022


This entry states the total route length of the railway network and of its component parts by gauge, which is the measure of the distance between the inner sides of the load-bearing rails. The four typical types of gauges are: broad, standard, narrow, and dual. Other gauges are listed in a note. Some 60% of the world's railways use the standard gauge of 1.4 m (4.7 ft). Gauges vary by country and sometimes within countries. The choice of gauge during initial construction was mainly in response to local conditions and the intent of the builder. Narrow-gauge railways were cheaper to build and could negotiate sharper curves, broad-gauge railways gave greater stability and permitted higher speeds. Standard-gauge railways were a compromise between narrow and broad gauges.

Topic: Albaniatotal: 677 km (2015) (447 km of major railway lines and 230 km of secondary lines)

standard gauge: 677 km (2015) 1.435-m gauge

Topic: Algeriatotal: 3,973 km (2014)

standard gauge: 2,888 km (2014) 1.432-m gauge (283 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 1,085 km (2014) 1.055-m gauge

Topic: Angolatotal: 2,852 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 2,729 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

123 km 0.600-m gauge

Topic: Argentinatotal: 36,917 km (2014)

standard gauge: 2,745.1 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (41.1 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 7,523.3 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

broad gauge: 26,391 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge (149 km electrified)

258 km 0.750-m gauge

Topic: Armeniatotal: 780 km (2014)

broad gauge: 780 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (780 km electrified)

note: 726 km operational

Topic: Australiatotal: 33,343 km (2015)

standard gauge: 17,446 km (2015) 1.435-m gauge (650 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 12,318 km (2015) 1.067-m gauge (2,075.5 km electrified)

broad gauge: 3,247 km (2015) 1.600-m gauge (372 km electrified)

Topic: Austriatotal: 5,800 km (2017)

standard gauge: 5,300 km 1.435-m gauge (3,826 km electrified) (2016)

Topic: Azerbaijantotal: 2,944 km (2017)

broad gauge: 2,944.3 km (2017) 1.520-m gauge (approx. 1,767 km electrified)

Topic: Bangladeshtotal: 2,460 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 1,801 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

broad gauge: 659 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge

Topic: Belarustotal: 5,528 km (2014)

standard gauge: 25 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

broad gauge: 5,503 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (874 km electrified)

Topic: Belgiumtotal: 3,592 km (2014)

standard gauge: 3,592 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (2,960 km electrified)

Topic: Benintotal: 438 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 438 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

Topic: Boliviatotal: 3,960 km (2019)

narrow gauge: 3,960 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovinatotal: 965 km (2014)

standard gauge: 965 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (565 km electrified)

Topic: Botswanatotal: 888 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 888 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

Topic: Braziltotal: 29,850 km (2014)

standard gauge: 194 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 23,341.6 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge (24 km electrified)

broad gauge: 5,822.3 km (2014) 1.600-m gauge (498.3 km electrified)

dual gauge: 492 km (2014) 1.600-1.000-m gauge

Topic: Bulgariatotal: 5,114 km (2014)

standard gauge: 4,989 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (2,880 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 125 km (2014) 0.760-m gauge

Topic: Burkina Fasototal: 622 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 622 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

note: another 660 km of this railway extends into Cote d'Ivoire

Topic: Burmatotal: 5,031 km (2008)

narrow gauge: 5,031 km (2008) 1.000-m gauge

Topic: Cambodiatotal: 642 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 642 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

note: under restoration

Topic: Cameroontotal: 987 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 987 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

note: railway connections generally efficient but limited; rail lines connect major cities of Douala, Yaounde, Ngaoundere, and Garoua; passenger and freight service provided by CAMRAIL

Topic: Canadatotal: 49,422 km (2021) note: 129 km electrified (2021)

standard gauge: 49,422 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge

Topic: Chiletotal: 7,282 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 3,853.5 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

broad gauge: 3,428 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge (1,691 km electrified)

Topic: Chinatotal: 150,000 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge (100,000 km electrified); 104,0000 traditional, 40,000 high-speed

Topic: Christmas Islandtotal: 18 km (2017)

standard gauge: 18 km (2017) 1.435-m (not in operation)

note: the 18-km Christmas Island Phosphate Company Railway between Flying Fish Cove and South Point was decommissioned in 1987; some tracks and scrap remain in place

Topic: Colombiatotal: 3,528 km (2019)

standard gauge: 150 km (2019) 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 1,991 km (2019) 0.914-m gauge

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of thetotal: 4,007 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 3,882 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge (858 km electrified)

125 1.000-m gauge

Topic: Congo, Republic of thetotal: 510 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 510 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

Topic: Costa Ricatotal: 278 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 278 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

note: the entire rail network fell into disrepair and out of use at the end of the 20th century; since 2005, certain sections of rail have been rehabilitated

Topic: Cote d'Ivoiretotal: 660 km (2008)

narrow gauge: 660 km (2008) 1.000-m gauge

note: an additional 622 km of this railroad extends into Burkina Faso

Topic: Croatiatotal: 2,722 km (2014)

standard gauge: 2,722 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (980 km electrified)

Topic: Cubatotal: 8,125 km (2017)

standard gauge: 8,195 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (124 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 172 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge

note: As of 2013, 70 km of standard gauge and 12 km of narrow gauge track were not for public use

Topic: Czechiatotal: 9,408 km (2017)

standard gauge: 9,385 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (3,218 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 23 km (2017) 0.760-m gauge

Topic: Denmarktotal: 3,476 km (2017)

standard gauge: 3,476 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (1,756 km electrified)

Topic: Djiboutitotal: 97 km (2017) (Djibouti segment of the 756 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway)

standard gauge: 97 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge

Topic: Dominican Republictotal: 496 km (2014)

standard gauge: 354 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 142 km (2014) 0.762-m gauge

Topic: Ecuadortotal: 965 km (2022)

narrow gauge: 965 km (2022) 1.067-m gauge

note: passenger service limited to certain sections of track, mostly for tourist trains

Topic: Egypttotal: 5,085 km (2014)

standard gauge: 5,085 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (62 km electrified)

Topic: El Salvadortotal: 13 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 12.5 km (2014) 0.914-m gauge

Topic: Eritreatotal: 306 km (2018)

narrow gauge: 306 km (2018) 0.950-m gauge

Topic: Estoniatotal: 2,146 km (2016)

broad gauge: 2,146 km (2016) 1.520-m and 1.524-m gauge (132 km electrified)

note: includes 1,510 km public and 636 km non-public railway

Topic: Eswatinitotal: 301 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 301 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

Topic: Ethiopiatotal: 659 km (2017) (Ethiopian segment of the 756 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)

standard gauge: 659 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge

note: electric railway with redundant power supplies; under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia and managed by a Chinese contractor

Topic: European Uniontotal: (2013) 230,548 km

Topic: Fijitotal: 597 km (2008)

narrow gauge: 597 km (2008) 0.600-m gauge

note: belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation; used to haul sugarcane during the harvest season, which runs from May to December

Topic: Finlandtotal: 5,926 km (2016)

broad gauge: 5,926 km (2016) 1.524-m gauge (3,270 km electrified)

Topic: Francetotal: 29,640 km (2014)

standard gauge: 29,473 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (15,561 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 167 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge (63 km electrified)

Topic: Gabontotal: 649 km (2014)

standard gauge: 649 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

Topic: Georgiatotal: 1,363 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 37 km (2014) 0.912-m gauge (37 km electrified)

broad gauge: 1,326 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (1,251 km electrified)

Topic: Germanytotal: 33,590 km (2017)

standard gauge: 33,331 km (2015) 1.435-m gauge (19,973 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 220 km 1.000-m gauge (79 km electrified)

15 km 0.900-m gauge, 24 km 0.750-m gauge (2015)

Topic: Ghanatotal: 947 km (2022)

narrow gauge: 947 km (2022) 1.067-m gauge

Topic: Greecetotal: 2,548 km (2014)

standard gauge: 1,565 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (764 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 961 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

22 0.750-m gauge

Topic: Guatemalatotal: 800 km (2018)

narrow gauge: 800 km (2018) 0.914-m gauge

note: despite the existence of a railway network, all rail service was suspended in 2007 and no passenger or freight train currently runs in the country (2018)

Topic: Guineatotal: 1,086 km (2017)

standard gauge: 279 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 807 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge

Topic: Hondurastotal: 699 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 164 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

115 km 1.057-m gauge
420 km 0.914-m gauge

Topic: Hungarytotal: 8,049 km (2014)

standard gauge: 7,794 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (2,889 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 219 km (2014) 0.760-m gauge

broad gauge: 36 km (2014) 1.524-m gauge

Topic: Indiatotal: 68,525 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 1,604 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

broad gauge: 63,950 km (2014) (39, 329 km electrified)

Topic: Indonesiatotal: 8,159 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 8,159 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge (565 km electrified)

note: 4,816 km operational

Topic: Irantotal: 8,484 km (2014)

standard gauge: 8,389.5 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (189.5 km electrified)

broad gauge: 94 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge

Topic: Iraqtotal: 2,272 km (2014)

standard gauge: 2,272 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

Topic: Irelandtotal: 4,301 km (2018)

narrow gauge: 1,930 km (2018) 0.914-m gauge (operated by the Irish Peat Board to transport peat to power stations and briquetting plants)

broad gauge: 2,371 km (2018) 1.600-m gauge (53 km electrified)

Topic: Isle of Mantotal: 63 km (2008)

narrow gauge: 6 km (2008) 1.076-m gauge (6 km electrified)

57 0.914-m gauge (29 km electrified) note: primarily summer tourist attractions

Topic: Israeltotal: 1,599 km (2019) (2019)

standard gauge: 1,384 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

Topic: Italytotal: 20,182 km (2014)

standard gauge: 18,770.1 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (12,893.6 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 122.3 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge (122.3 km electrified)

1289.3 0.950-m gauge (151.3 km electrified)

Topic: Japantotal: 27,311 km (2015)

standard gauge: 4,800 km (2015) 1.435-m gauge (4,800 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 124 km (2015) 1.372-m gauge (124 km electrified)

dual gauge: 132 km (2015) 1.435-1.067-m gauge (132 km electrified)

22.207 km 1.067-m gauge (15,430 km electrified)
48 km 0.762-m gauge (48 km electrified)

Topic: Jordantotal: 1,596 km (2020)

narrow gauge: 509 km (2014) 1.050-m gauge

Topic: Kazakhstantotal: 16,636 km (2020)

broad gauge: 16,636 km (2020) 1.520-m gauge (4,237 km electrified)

Topic: Kenyatotal: 3,819 km (2018)

standard gauge: 485 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 3,334 km (2018) 1.000-m gauge

Topic: Korea, Northtotal: 7,435 km (2014)

standard gauge: 7,435 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (5,400 km electrified)

note: figures are approximate; some narrow-gauge railway also exists

Topic: Korea, Southtotal: 3,979 km (2016)

standard gauge: 3,979 km (2016) 1.435-m gauge (2,727 km electrified)

Topic: Kosovototal: 333 km (2015)

standard gauge: 333 km (2015) 1.435-m gauge

Topic: Kyrgyzstantotal: 424 km (2022)

broad gauge: 424 km (2018) 1.520-m gauge

Topic: Latviatotal: 1,860 km (2018)

narrow gauge: 34 km (2018) 0.750-m gauge

broad gauge: 1,826 km (2018) 1.520-m gauge

Topic: Lebanontotal: 401 km (2017)

standard gauge: 319 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 82 km (2017) 1.050-m gauge

note: rail system is still unusable due to damage sustained from fighting in the 1980s and in 2006

Topic: Liberiatotal: 429 km (2008)

standard gauge: 345 km (2008) 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 84 km (2008) 1.067-m gauge

note: most sections of the railways inoperable due to damage sustained during the civil wars from 1980 to 2003, but many are being rebuilt

Topic: Liechtensteintotal: 9 km (2018)

standard gauge: 9 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (electrified)

note: belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland

Topic: Lithuaniatotal: 1,768 km (2014)

standard gauge: 22 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

broad gauge: 1,746 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (122 km electrified)

Topic: Luxembourgtotal: 275 km (2014)

standard gauge: 275 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (275 km electrified)

Topic: Madagascartotal: 836 km (2018)

narrow gauge: 836 km (2018) 1.000-m gauge

Topic: Malawitotal: 767 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 767 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

Topic: Malaysiatotal: 1,851 km (2014)

standard gauge: 59 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (59 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 1,792 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge (339 km electrified)

Topic: Malitotal: 593 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 593 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

Topic: Mauritaniatotal: 728 km (2014)

standard gauge: 728 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

Topic: Mexicototal: 23,389 km (2017)

standard gauge: 23,389 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (27 km electrified)

Topic: Moldovatotal: 1,171 km (2014)

standard gauge: 14 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

broad gauge: 1,157 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge

Topic: Monaconote: Monaco has a single railway station but does not operate its own train service;  the French operator SNCF operates rail services in Monaco

Topic: Mongoliatotal: 1,815 km (2017)

broad gauge: 1,815 km (2017) 1.520-m gauge

note: national operator Ulaanbaatar Railway is jointly owned by the Mongolian Government and by the Russian State Railway

Topic: Montenegrototal: 250 km (2017)

standard gauge: 250 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (224 km electrified)

Topic: Moroccototal: 2,067 km (2014)

standard gauge: 2,067 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (1,022 km electrified)

Topic: Mozambiquetotal: 4,787 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 4,787 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

Topic: Namibiatotal: 2,628 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 2,628 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

Topic: Nepaltotal: 59 km (2018)

narrow gauge: 59 km (2018) 0.762-m gauge

Topic: Netherlandstotal: 3,058 km (2016)

standard gauge: 3,058 km (2016) 1.435-m gauge (2,314 km electrified)

Topic: New Zealandtotal: 4,128 km (2018)

narrow gauge: 4,128 km (2018) 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified)

Topic: Nigeriatotal: 3,798 km (2014)

standard gauge: 293 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 3,505 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

note: as of the end of 2018, there were only six operational locomotives in Nigeria primarily used for passenger service; the majority of the rail lines are in a severe state of disrepair and need to be replaced

Topic: North Macedoniatotal: 925 km (2017)

standard gauge: 925 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (313 km electrified)

Topic: Norwaytotal: 4,200 km (2019)

standard gauge: 4,200 km (2019) 1.435-m gauge (2,480 km electrified)

Topic: Pakistantotal: 11,881 km (2021)

narrow gauge: 389 km (2021) 1.000-m gauge

broad gauge: 11,492 km (2021) 1.676-m gauge (286 km electrified)

Topic: Panamatotal: 77 km (2014)

standard gauge: 77 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

Topic: Paraguaytotal: 30 km (2014)

standard gauge: 30 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

Topic: Perutotal: 1,940 km (2017)

standard gauge: 1,730.4 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (34 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 124 km (2014) 0.914-m gauge

Topic: Philippinestotal: 77 km (2017)

standard gauge: 49 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 28 km (2017) 1.067-m gauge

Topic: Polandtotal: 19,231 km (2016)

standard gauge: 18,836 km (2016) 1.435-m gauge (11,874 km electrified)

broad gauge: 395 km (2016) 1.524-m gauge

Topic: Portugaltotal: 3,075 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 108.1 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

broad gauge: 2,439 km (2014) 1.668-m gauge (1,633.4 km electrified)

other: 528 km (2014) (gauge unspecified)

Topic: Romaniatotal: 11,268 km (2014)

standard gauge: 10,781 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (3,292 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 427 km (2014) 0.760-m gauge

broad gauge: 60 km (2014) 1.524-m gauge

Topic: Russiatotal: 87,157 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 957 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge (on Sakhalin Island)

broad gauge: 86,200 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (40,300 km electrified)

note: an additional 30,000 km of non-common carrier lines serve industries

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevistotal: 50 km (2008)

narrow gauge: 50 km (2008) 0.762-m gauge on Saint Kitts for tourists

Topic: Saudi Arabiatotal: 5,410 km (2016)

standard gauge: 5,410 km (2016) 1.435-m gauge (with branch lines and sidings)

Topic: Senegaltotal: 906 km (2017) (713 km operational in 2017)

narrow gauge: 906 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge

Topic: Serbiatotal: 3,809 km (2015)

standard gauge: 3,809 km (2015) 1.435-m gauge (3,526 km one-track lines and 283 km double-track lines) out of which 1,279 km electrified (1,000 km one-track lines and 279 km double-track lines)

Topic: Slovakiatotal: 3,580 km (2016)

standard gauge: 3,435 km (2016) 1.435-m gauge (1,587 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 46 km (2016) 1.000-m or 0.750-m gauge

broad gauge: 99 km (2016) 1.520-m gauge

Topic: Sloveniatotal: 1,229 km (2014)

standard gauge: 1,229 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (503 km electrified)

Topic: South Africatotal: 20,986 km (2014)

standard gauge: 80 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (80 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 19,756 km (2014) 1.065-m gauge (8,271 km electrified)

other: (2014) 1,150 km (passenger rail, gauge unspecified, 1,115.5 km electrified)

Topic: South Sudantotal: 248 km (2018)

note: a narrow gauge, single-track railroad between Babonosa (Sudan) and Wau, the only existing rail system, was repaired in 2010 with $250 million in UN funds, but is not currently operational

Topic: Spaintotal: 15,333 km (2017) (9,699 km electrified)

standard gauge: 2,571 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (2,571 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 1,207 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge (400 km electrified)

broad gauge: 11,333 km (2017) 1.668-m gauge (6,538 km electrified)

mixed gauge: 190 km 1.668-m and 1.435m gage (190.1 km electrified); 28 km 0.914-m gauge (28 km electrified); 4 km 0.600-m gauge

Topic: Sri Lankatotal: 1,562 km (2016)

broad gauge: 1,562 km (2016) 1.676-m gauge

Topic: Sudantotal: 7,251 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 5,851 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

1,400 km 0.600-m gauge for cotton plantations

Topic: Swedentotal: 14,127 km (2016)

standard gauge: 14,062 km (2016) 1.435-m gauge (12,322 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 65 km (2016) 0.891-m gauge (65 km electrified)

Topic: Switzerlandtotal: 5,690 km (2015) (includes 19 km in neighboring countries)

standard gauge: 3,836 km (2015) 1.435-m gauge (3,634 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 1,630 km (2015) 1.200-m gauge (2 km electrified) (includes 19 km in neighboring countries)

1188 km 1.000-m gauge (1,167.3 km electrified)
36 km 0.800-m gauge (36.4 km electrified)

Topic: Syriatotal: 2,052 km (2014)

standard gauge: 1,801 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 251 km (2014) 1.050-m gauge

Topic: Taiwantotal: 1,613 km (2018)

standard gauge: 345 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (345 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 1,118.1 km (2018) 1.067-m gauge (793.9 km electrified)

150 0.762-m gauge note: the 0.762-gauge track belongs to three entities: the Forestry Bureau, Taiwan Cement, and TaiPower

Topic: Tajikistantotal: 680 km (2014)

broad gauge: 680 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge

Topic: Tanzaniatotal: 4,097 km (2022)

standard gauge: 421 km (2022)

narrow gauge: 969 km (2022) 1.067 m gauge

broad gauge: 2,707 km (2022) 1.000 m guage

2707 km 1.000-m gauge

Topic: Thailandtotal: 4,127 km (2017)

standard gauge: 84 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (84 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 4,043 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge

Topic: Togototal: 568 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 568 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

Topic: Tunisiatotal: 2,173 km (2014) (1,991 in use)

standard gauge: 471 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 1,694 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified)

dual gauge: 8 km (2014) 1.435-1.000-m gauge

Topic: Turkeytotal: 12,710 km (2018)

standard gauge: 11,497 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (1.435 km high speed train)

Topic: Turkmenistantotal: 5,113 km (2017)

broad gauge: 5,113 km (2017) 1.520-m gauge

Topic: Ugandatotal: 1,244 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 1,244 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

Topic: Ukrainetotal: 21,733 km (2014)

standard gauge: 49 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (49 km electrified)

broad gauge: 21,684 km (2014) 1.524-m gauge (9,250 km electrified)

Topic: United Kingdomtotal: 16,837 km (2015)

standard gauge: 16,534 km (2015) 1.435-m gauge (5,357 km electrified)

broad gauge: 303 km (2015) 1.600-m gauge (in Northern Ireland)

Topic: United Statestotal: 293,564 km (2014)

standard gauge: 293,564.2 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

Topic: Uruguaytotal: 1,673 km (2016) (operational; government claims overall length is 2,961 km)

standard gauge: 1,673 km (2016) 1.435-m gauge

Topic: Uzbekistantotal: 4,642 km (2018)

broad gauge: 4,642 km (2018) 1.520-m gauge (1,684 km electrified)

Topic: Venezuelatotal: 447 km (2014)

standard gauge: 447 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (41.4 km electrified)

Topic: Vietnamtotal: 2,600 km (2014)

standard gauge: 178 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge; 253 km mixed gauge

narrow gauge: 2,169 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

Topic: Worldtotal: 1,148,186 km (2013)

Topic: Zambiatotal: 3,126 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 3,126 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

note: includes 1,860 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA)

Topic: Zimbabwetotal: 3,427 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 3,427 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified)


Topic: Photos of Portugal

Topic: Introduction
Background: Following its heyday as a global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy, and for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.Following its heyday as a global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy, and for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain
Geographic coordinates: 39 30 N, 8 00 W
Map references: Europe
Area: total: 92,090 sq km

land: 91,470 sq km

water: 620 sq km

note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Virginia
Land boundaries: total: 1,224 km

border countries (1): Spain 1,224 km
Coastline: 1,793 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate: maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
Terrain: the west-flowing Tagus River divides the country: the north is mountainous toward the interior, while the south is characterized by rolling plains
Elevation: highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

mean elevation: 372 m
Natural resources: fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower
Land use: agricultural land: 39.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 11.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 7.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est.)

forest: 37.8% (2018 est.)

other: 22.5% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 5,400 sq km (2012)
Population distribution: concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities
Natural hazards: Azores subject to severe earthquakesvolcanism: limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and TerceiraAzores subject to severe earthquakesvolcanism: limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira
Geography - note: Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; they are two of the four North Atlantic archipelagos that make up Macaronesia; the others are the Canary Islands (Spain) and Cabo Verde
Map description: Portugal map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding Spain and the North Atlantic Ocean.Portugal map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding Spain and the North Atlantic Ocean.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 10,242,081 (2022 est.)
Nationality: noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)

adjective: Portuguese
Ethnic groups: Portuguese 95%; citizens from Portugal’s former colonies in Africa, Asia (Han Chinese), and South America (Brazilian) and other foreign born 5%
Languages: Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)
Religions: Roman Catholic 81%, other Christian 3.3%, other (includes Jewish, Muslim) 0.6%, none 6.8%, unspecified 8.3% (2011 est.)

note: data represent population 15 years of age and older
Age structure: 0-14 years: 13.58% (male 716,102/female 682,582)

15-24 years: 10.94% (male 580,074/female 547,122)

25-54 years: 41.49% (male 2,109,693/female 2,164,745)

55-64 years: 13.08% (male 615,925/female 731,334)

65 years and over: 20.92% (2020 est.) (male 860,198/female 1,294,899)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 55.8

youth dependency ratio: 20.3

elderly dependency ratio: 35.5

potential support ratio: 2.8 (2020 est.)
Median age: total: 44.6 years

male: 42.7 years

female: 46.5 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: -0.2% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 8 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 10.9 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: 0.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution: concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities
Urbanization: urban population: 67.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population: 2.986 million LISBON (capital), 1.320 million Porto (2022)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.98 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.85 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.55 male(s)/female

total population: 0.9 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 29.9 years (2020 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio: 8 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 2.86 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 2.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 81.5 years

male: 78.37 years

female: 84.79 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.43 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: 73.9% (2014)
Drinking water source: improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 99.7% of population

total: 99.9% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0.3% of population

total: 0.1% of population (2020 est.)
Current Health Expenditure: 9.5% (2019)
Physicians density: 5.48 physicians/1,000 population (2019)
Hospital bed density: 3.5 beds/1,000 population (2018)
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: 99.9% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 99.9% of population

unimproved: urban: 0.1% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0.1% of population (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.5% (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 42,000 (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: (2020 est.) <500
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 20.8% (2016)
Tobacco use: total: 25.4% (2020 est.)

male: 30.5% (2020 est.)

female: 20.2% (2020 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 0.4% (2015/16)
Education expenditures: 4.7% of GDP (2018 est.)
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 96.1%

male: 97.4%

female: 95.1% (2018)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 17 years

male: 17 years

female: 17 years (2019)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 22.6%

male: 21%

female: 24.4% (2020 est.)

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in urban centers and coastal areas
Environment - international agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban
Air pollutants: particulate matter emissions: 7.87 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 48.74 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 10.93 megatons (2020 est.)
Climate: maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
Land use: agricultural land: 39.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 11.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 7.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est.)

forest: 37.8% (2018 est.)

other: 22.5% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 67.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Revenue from forest resources: forest revenues: 0.13% of GDP (2018 est.)
Revenue from coal: coal revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 4.71 million tons (2014 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually: 764,433 tons (2014 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 16.2% (2014 est.)
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 914.1 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

industrial: 1.497 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

agricultural: 8.767 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 77.4 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: Portuguese Republic

conventional short form: Portugal

local long form: Republica Portuguesa

local short form: Portugal

etymology: name derives from the Roman designation "Portus Cale" meaning "Port of Cale"; Cale was an ancient Celtic town and port in present-day northern Portugal
Government type: semi-presidential republic
Capital: name: Lisbon

geographic coordinates: 38 43 N, 9 08 W

time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

time zone note: Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1)

etymology: Lisbon is one of Europe's oldest cities (the second oldest capital city after Athens) and the origin of the name is lost in time; it may have been founded as an ancient Celtic settlement that subsequently maintained close commercial relations with the Phoenicians (beginning about 1200 B.C.); the name of the settlement may have been derived from the pre-Roman appellation for the Tagus River that runs through the city, Lisso or Lucio; the Romans named the city "Olisippo" when they took it from the Carthaginians in 205 B.C.; under the Visigoths the city name became "Ulixbona," under the Arabs it was "al-Ushbuna"; the medieval version of "Lissabona" became today's Lisboa
Administrative divisions: 18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu
Independence: 1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 1 December 1640 (independence reestablished following 60 years of Spanish rule); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)
National holiday: Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis DE CAMOES (1524-80) died
Constitution: history: several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976

amendments: proposed by the Assembly of the Republic; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of Assembly members; amended several times, last in 2005
Legal system: civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts
International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Portugal

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years; 6 years if from a Portuguese-speaking country
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (since 9 March 2016)

head of government: Prime Minister Antonio Luis Santos da COSTA (since 24 November 2015)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 24 January 2021 (next to be held in January 2026); following legislative elections the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president

election results: Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 60.7%, Ana GOMES (ran as an independent but is a member of PS) 12.97%, Andre VENTURA (CH) 11.9%, João FERREIRA (PCP-PEV) 4.32%, Marisa MATIAS (BE) 3.95%, other 6.16%

note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president
Legislative branch: description: unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; 226 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote and 4 members - 2 each in 2 constituencies representing Portuguese living abroad - directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)

elections: last held on 30 January 2022 (next to be held in January 2026); note - early elections were called after parliament was dissolved on 3 November 2021 because of the 27 October 2021 rejection of the government's budget

election results: percent of vote by party - PS 42.5%, PSD 28.4%, Enough 7.4%, IL 5%, BE 4.5%, CDU 4.4%, other 7.8%; seats by party - PS 120, PSD 72, Enough 12, IL 8, CDU 6, BE 5, other 3; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA%
Judicial branch: highest courts: Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 12 justices); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges)

judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court justices nominated by the president and appointed by the Assembly of the Republic; judges can serve for life; Constitutional Court judges - 10 elected by the Assembly and 3 elected by the other Constitutional Court judges; judges elected for 6-year nonrenewable terms

subordinate courts: Supreme Administrative Court (Supremo Tribunal Administrativo); Audit Court (Tribunal de Contas); appellate, district, and municipal courts
Political parties and leaders: Democratic Alliance (2022 electoral alliance in the Azores, includes PSD, CDS-PP, PPM)
Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party (Partido do Centro Democratico Social-Partido Popular) or CDS-PP [Nuno MELO]
Ecologist Party "The Greens" or "Os Verdes" (Partido Ecologista-Os Verdes) or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA]
Enough (Chega) [Andre VENTURA]
Liberal Initiative (Iniciativa Liberal) or IL [Joao COTRIM DE FIGUEIREDO]
Madeira First (2022 electoral alliance in Madeira, includes PSD, CDS-PP)
People-Animals-Nature Party (Pessoas-Animais-Natureza) or PAN [Ines SOUSA REAL]
People's Monarchist Party or PPM [Gonçalo DA CAMARA PEREIRA]
Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Portugues) or PCP [Jeronimo DE SOUSA]
Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata) or PSD (original name Partido Popular Democratico or PPD) [Luis MONTENEGRO]
Socialist Party (Partido Socialista) or PS [Antonio COSTA]
The Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda) or BE or O Bloco [Catarina MARTINS]
Unitary Democratic Coalition (Coligacao Democratica Unitaria) or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes PCP and PEV)
International organization participation: ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Francisco Antonio Duarte LOPES (since 7 June 2022)

chancery: 2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone: [1] (202) 350-5400; [1] (202) 332-3007

FAX: [1] (202) 462-3726; [1] (202) 387-2768

email address and website:
info.washington@mne.pt; sconsular.washington@mne.pt

https://washingtondc.embaixadaportugal.mne.gov.pt/en/

consulate(s) general: Boston, Newark (NJ), New York, San Francisco

consulate(s): New Bedford (MA), Providence (RI)
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Randi Charno LEVINE (since 22 April 2022)

embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisboa

mailing address: 5320 Lisbon Place, Washington DC  20521-5320

telephone: [351] (21) 727-3300

FAX: [351] (21) 726-9109

email address and website:
conslisbon@state.gov

https://pt.usembassy.gov/

consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores)
Flag description: two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the national coat of arms (armillary sphere and Portuguese shield) centered on the dividing line; explanations for the color meanings are ambiguous, but a popular interpretation has green symbolizing hope and red the blood of those defending the nation
National symbol(s): armillary sphere (a spherical astrolabe modeling objects in the sky and representing the Republic); national colors: red, green
National anthem: name: "A Portugesa" (The Song of the Portuguese)

lyrics/music: Henrique LOPES DE MENDOCA/Alfredo KEIL

note: adopted 1910; "A Portuguesa" was originally written to protest the Portuguese monarchy's acquiescence to the 1890 British ultimatum forcing Portugal to give up areas of Africa; the lyrics refer to the "insult" that resulted from the event
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 17 (16 cultural, 1 natural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Historic Évora (c); Central Zone of the Town of Angra do Heroismo in the Azores (c); Cultural Landscape of Sintra (c); Laurisilva of Madeira (n); Historic Guimarães (c); Monastery of the Hieronymites and Tower of Belém in Lisbon (c); Convent of Christ in Tomar (c); Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde (c); University of Coimbra – Alta and Sofia (c); Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte in Braga (c)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community - the EU's predecessor - in 1986. Over the following two decades, successive governments privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country joined the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU members.   The economy grew by more than the EU average for much of the 1990s, but the rate of growth slowed in 2001-08. After the global financial crisis in 2008, Portugal’s economy contracted in 2009 and fell into recession from 2011 to 2013, as the government implemented spending cuts and tax increases to comply with conditions of an EU-IMF financial rescue package, signed in May 2011. Portugal successfully exited its EU-IMF program in May 2014, and its economic recovery gained traction in 2015 because of strong exports and a rebound in private consumption. GDP growth accelerated in 2016, and probably reached 2.5 % in 2017. Unemployment remained high, at 9.7% in 2017, but has improved steadily since peaking at 18% in 2013.   The center-left minority Socialist government has unwound some unpopular austerity measures while managing to remain within most EU fiscal targets. The budget deficit fell from 11.2% of GDP in 2010 to 1.8% in 2017, the country’s lowest since democracy was restored in 1974, and surpassing the EU and IMF projections of 3%. Portugal exited the EU’s excessive deficit procedure in mid-2017.Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community - the EU's predecessor - in 1986. Over the following two decades, successive governments privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country joined the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU members. The economy grew by more than the EU average for much of the 1990s, but the rate of growth slowed in 2001-08. After the global financial crisis in 2008, Portugal’s economy contracted in 2009 and fell into recession from 2011 to 2013, as the government implemented spending cuts and tax increases to comply with conditions of an EU-IMF financial rescue package, signed in May 2011. Portugal successfully exited its EU-IMF program in May 2014, and its economic recovery gained traction in 2015 because of strong exports and a rebound in private consumption. GDP growth accelerated in 2016, and probably reached 2.5 % in 2017. Unemployment remained high, at 9.7% in 2017, but has improved steadily since peaking at 18% in 2013. The center-left minority Socialist government has unwound some unpopular austerity measures while managing to remain within most EU fiscal targets. The budget deficit fell from 11.2% of GDP in 2010 to 1.8% in 2017, the country’s lowest since democracy was restored in 1974, and surpassing the EU and IMF projections of 3%. Portugal exited the EU’s excessive deficit procedure in mid-2017.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $331.64 billion (2020 est.)

$358.78 billion (2019 est.)

$350.07 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
Real GDP growth rate: 2.24% (2019 est.)

2.85% (2018 est.)

3.51% (2017 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $32,200 (2020 est.)

$34,900 (2019 est.)

$34,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): $237.698 billion (2019 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.3% (2019 est.)

0.9% (2018 est.)

1.3% (2017 est.)
Credit ratings: Fitch rating: BBB (2007)

Moody's rating: Baa3 (2018)

Standard & Poors rating: BBB (2019)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 2.2% (2017 est.)

industry: 22.1% (2017 est.)

services: 75.7% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 65.1% (2017 est.)

government consumption: 17.6% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 16.2% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories: 0.1% (2017 est.)

exports of goods and services: 43.1% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services: -42.1% (2017 est.)
Agricultural products: milk, tomatoes, olives, grapes, maize, potatoes, pork, apples, oranges, poultry
Industries: textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper and pulp, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, automobiles and auto parts, base metals, minerals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism, plastics, financial services, optics
Industrial production growth rate: 3.5% (2017 est.)
Labor force: 4.717 million (2020 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 8.6%

industry: 23.9%

services: 67.5% (2014 est.)
Unemployment rate: 6.55% (2019 est.)

7.05% (2018 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 22.6%

male: 21%

female: 24.4% (2020 est.)
Population below poverty line: 17.2% (2018 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 33.8 (2017 est.)

34 (2014 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.6%

highest 10%: 25.9% (2015 est.)
Budget: revenues: 93.55 billion (2017 est.)

expenditures: 100 billion (2017 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Public debt: 125.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

129.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Taxes and other revenues: 42.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Current account balance: -$203 million (2019 est.)

$988 million (2018 est.)
Exports: $85.28 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$104.77 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$105.76 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners: Spain 23%, France 13%, Germany 12%, United Kingdom 6%, United States 5% (2019)
Exports - commodities: cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, leather footwear, paper products, tires (2019)
Imports: $89.31 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$103.05 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$103.59 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners: Spain 29%, Germany 13%, France 9%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 5% (2019)
Imports - commodities: cars and vehicle parts, crude petroleum, aircraft, packaged medicines, refined petroleum, natural gas (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $26.11 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$19.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
Debt - external: $462.431 billion (2019 est.)

$483.206 billion (2018 est.)
Exchange rates: euros (EUR) per US dollar -

0.82771 (2020 est.)

0.90338 (2019 est.)

0.87789 (2018 est.)

0.7525 (2014 est.)

0.7634 (2013 est.)

Topic: Energy
Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2020)
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 22.364 million kW (2020 est.)

consumption: 48.409 billion kWh (2020 est.)

exports: 6.097 billion kWh (2020 est.)

imports: 7.553 billion kWh (2020 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 5.269 billion kWh (2020 est.)
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 39% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

solar: 3.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

wind: 23.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

hydroelectricity: 26.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

geothermal: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

biomass and waste: 7.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Coal: production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

consumption: 957,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

imports: 238,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

proven reserves: 36 million metric tons (2019 est.)
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 8,000 bbl/day (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 249,100 bbl/day (2019 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate imports: 255,400 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 323,000 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 143,500 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 78,700 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Natural gas: production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

consumption: 5,935,938,000 cubic meters (2020 est.)

exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

imports: 6,091,114,000 cubic meters (2020 est.)

proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 50.37 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 4.882 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 33.429 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 12.059 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: 101.734 million Btu/person (2019 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 5,212,507 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 51 (2020 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 11,854,999 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 116 (2020 est.)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: Portugal has a medium-sized telecom market with a strong mobile sector and a growing broadband customer base; before the pandemic, the country had seen improving economic growth, following several years of austerity measures; revenue among some operators remains under pressure, though investments in network upgrades are continuing in an effort to attract customers to high-end services; Portugal’s broadband services have grown steadily in recent years, largely the result of joint efforts between the regulator and the key market operators which have invested in significant infrastructure upgrades; these operators are focused on fiber-based services, resulting in a migration of subscribers from DSL infrastructure; under the ownership of the Altice Group, Altice Portugal is focused on FttP, aiming to have covered 5.3 million premises by the end of 2020, and providing national coverage; the cable sector has also shifted towards fiber, with the principal cable company NOS investing in fiber rather than DOCSIS upgrades; in addition, Vodafone Portugal provides fiber to about two-thirds of premises; the growth in the fiber segment has resulted from shared infrastructure deals, including that between Vodafone and NOS; the government has also supported two open-access wholesale networks being built by dstelecom and Fibroglobal; the mobile market is dominated by the incumbent Altice Portugal, though it is seeing increasing competition from the other network operators, Vodafone Portugal, and NOS; the MVNO market remains largely undeveloped, partly because network operators have their own low-cost brands, in July 2020, for example, NOS launched its sub-brand WOO; collectively, MVNOs have about 2.9% share of the market; in October 2021 Dixarobil and Nowo secured spectrum in the final stage of a protracted 5G auction; population coverage by 3G infrastructure is universal, and most investment in the sector is being directed to LTE and 5G technologies; the MNOs have trialed 5G and are looking to launch commercial services. (2021)

domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations; fixed-line roughly 51 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular 116 per 100 persons (2020)

international: country code - 351; landing points for the Ella Link, BUGIO, EIG, SAT-3/WASC, SeaMeWe-3, Equino, MainOne, Tat TGN-Western Europe, WACS, ACE, Atlantis2 and Columbus-III submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, South America and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores (2019)

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
Broadcast media: Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP), the publicly owned TV broadcaster, operates 4 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more than half of all households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio stations
Internet country code: .pt
Internet users: total: 8,031,723 (2020 est.)

percent of population: 78% (2020 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 4,160,795 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 41 (2020 est.)

Topic: Transportation
National air transport system: number of registered air carriers: 10 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 168

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 17,367,956 (2018)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 454.21 million (2018) mt-km
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: CR, CS
Airports: total: 64 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 43

over 3,047 m: 5

2,438 to 3,047 m: 7

1,524 to 2,437 m: 8

914 to 1,523 m: 15

under 914 m: 8 (2021)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 21

914 to 1,523 m: 1

under 914 m: 20 (2021)
Pipelines: 1,344 km gas, 11 km oil, 188 km refined products (2013)
Railways: total: 3,075.1 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 108.1 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

broad gauge: 2,439 km (2014) 1.668-m gauge (1,633.4 km electrified)

other: 528 km (2014) (gauge unspecified)
Roadways: total: 82,900 km (2008)

paved: 71,294 km (2008) (includes 2,613 km of expressways)

unpaved: 11,606 km (2008)
Waterways: 210 km (2011) (on Douro River from Porto)
Merchant marine: total: 726

by type: bulk carrier 86, container ship 267, general cargo 137, oil tanker 27, other 209 (2021)
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines

container port(s) (TEUs): Sines (1,420,000) (2019)

LNG terminal(s) (import): Sines

Topic: Military and Security
Military and security forces: Portuguese Armed Forces: Portuguese Army (Exercito Portuguesa), Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps), Portuguese Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP); Portuguese National Republican Guard (Guarda Nacional Republicana, GNR) (2022)

note: the GNR is a national gendarmerie force comprised of military personnel with law enforcement, internal security, civil defense, disaster response, and coast guard duties; it is responsible to the Ministry of Internal Administration and to the Ministry of National Defense; in the event of war or crisis, it may be placed under the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces; the GNR has law enforcement jurisdiction in rural areas, while Public Security Police (also under the Ministry of Internal Administration) has jurisdiction in cities
Military expenditures: 1.6% of GDP (2021 est.)

1.4% of GDP (2020)

1.4% of GDP (2019) (approximately $4.31 billion)

1.3% of GDP (2018) (approximately $4.06 billion)

1.2% of GDP (2017) (approximately $3.62 billion)
Military and security service personnel strengths: the Portuguese Armed Forces have approximately 27,000 active duty personnel (14,000 Army; 7,000 Navy, including about 1,000 marines; 6,000 Air Force); 24,500 National Republican Guard (military personnel) (2022)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the Portuguese Armed Forces inventory includes mostly European and US-origin weapons systems along with a smaller mix of domestically-produced equipment; since 2010, Germany and the US are the leading suppliers of armaments to Portugal; Portugal's defense industry is primarily focused on shipbuilding (2021)
Military service age and obligation: 18-30 years of age for voluntary or contract military service; no compulsory military service (abolished 2004), but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1992, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; contract service lasts for an initial period from two to six years, and can be extended to a maximum of 20 years of service; voluntary military service lasts 12 months; reserve obligation to age 35 (2021)

note: as of 2019, women made up about 12% of the military's full-time personnel
Military deployments: 200 Central African Republic (MINUSCA/EUTM); up to 120 Lithuania (NATO) (2022)

note 1: in 2021, Portugal deployed about 80 troops to Mozambique to assist with the EU training mission

note 2: NATO troop deployment numbers in eastern Europe are as of February 2022; in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Portugal, have sent additional troops to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe
Military - note: Portugal is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949

Topic: Terrorism
Terrorist group(s): Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: Portugal-Spain: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of BadajozPortugal-Spain: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz
Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 49,718 (Ukraine) (as of 10 August 2022)

stateless persons: 45 (mid-year 2021)
Illicit drugs: a European gateway for Southwest Asian heroin; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin  a European gateway for Southwest Asian heroin; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin


Topic: Introduction
Background: Armenia declared independence from the Soviet Union on 21 September 1991. Armenia prides itself on being the first nation to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Armenia declared independence from the Soviet Union on 21 September 1991. Armenia prides itself on being the first nation to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century).

Topic: Geography
Area: total: 29,743 sq km

land: 28,203 sq km

water: 1,540 sq km
Climate: highland continental, hot summers, cold winters
Natural resources: small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, bauxite

Topic: People and Society
Population: 3,000,756 (2022 est.)
Ethnic groups: Armenian 98.1%, Yezidi (Kurd) 1.2%, other 0.7% (2011 est.)
Languages: Armenian (official) 97.9%, Kurdish (spoken by Yezidi minority) 1%, other 1%; note - Russian is widely spoken (2011 est.)
Religions: Armenian Apostolic 92.6%, Evangelical 1%, other 2.4%, none 1.1%, unspecified 2.9% (2011 est.)
Population growth rate: -0.38% (2022 est.)

Topic: Government
Government type: parliamentary democracy; note - constitutional changes adopted in December 2015 transformed the government to a parliamentary system
Capital: name: Yerevan
Executive branch: chief of state: President Vahagn KHACHATURYAN (since 13 March 2022)

head of government: Prime Minister Nikol PASHINYAN (since 10 September 2021); Deputy Prime Ministers Mher GRIGORYAN (since 3 August 2021) and Hambardzum MATEVOSYAN (since 25 November 2021); note - Prime Minister Nikol PASHINYAN resigned on 25 April 2021; he was reappointed by the president on 2 August 2021 and sworn in on 10 September 2021
Legislative branch: description: unicameral National Assembly (Parliament) or Azgayin Zhoghov (minimum 101 seats, with additional seats allocated as necessary and generally changing with each parliamentary convocation; current - 107; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms; four mandates are reserved for national minorities; no more than 70% of the top membership of a party list can belong to the same sex; political parties must meet a 5% threshold and alliances a 7% threshold to win seats; at least three parties must be seated in the parliament)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: EEU-and CIS-member state but seeking more EU and US trade; business-friendly growth environments; stable monetary regime but vulnerable demand economy; key copper and gold exporter; persistent unemployment; large diaspora and remittancesEEU-and CIS-member state but seeking more EU and US trade; business-friendly growth environments; stable monetary regime but vulnerable demand economy; key copper and gold exporter; persistent unemployment; large diaspora and remittances
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $37.31 billion (2020 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $12,600 (2020 est.)
Agricultural products: milk, potatoes, grapes, vegetables, tomatoes, watermelons, wheat, apples, cabbages, barley
Industries: brandy, mining, diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines, electric motors, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry, software, food processing
Exports: $3.82 billion (2020 est.)
Exports - partners: Russia 22%, Switzerland 20%, China 7%, Bulgaria 6%, Iraq 5%, Serbia 5%, Netherlands 5%, Germany 5% (2019)
Exports - commodities: copper ore, gold, tobacco, liquors, iron alloys (2019)
Imports: $5 billion (2020 est.)
Imports - partners: Russia 29%, China 10%, Georgia 8%, Iran 6%, Turkey 5% (2019)
Imports - commodities: natural gas, cars, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, diamonds (2019)Page last updated: Wednesday, Jun 15, 2022


This entry contains the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.

Topic: Afghanistantotal population: 53.65 years

male: 52.1 years

female: 55.28 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Albaniatotal population: 79.47 years

male: 76.8 years

female: 82.33 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Algeriatotal population: 78.03 years

male: 76.57 years

female: 79.57 years (2022 est.)

Topic: American Samoatotal population: 75.32 years

male: 72.83 years

female: 77.97 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Andorratotal population: 83.42 years

male: 81.2 years

female: 85.79 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Angolatotal population: 62.11 years

male: 60.05 years

female: 64.24 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Anguillatotal population: 82.2 years

male: 79.59 years

female: 84.89 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Antigua and Barbudatotal population: 77.8 years

male: 75.63 years

female: 80.08 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Argentinatotal population: 78.31 years

male: 75.23 years

female: 81.59 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Armeniatotal population: 76.13 years

male: 72.86 years

female: 79.68 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Arubatotal population: 78.01 years

male: 74.93 years

female: 81.15 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Australiatotal population: 83.09 years

male: 80.93 years

female: 85.36 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Austriatotal population: 82.27 years

male: 79.64 years

female: 85.04 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Azerbaijantotal population: 74.15 years

male: 71.08 years

female: 77.41 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Bahamas, Thetotal population: 76.13 years

male: 73.2 years

female: 79.14 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Bahraintotal population: 79.9 years

male: 77.63 years

female: 82.24 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Bangladeshtotal population: 74.7 years

male: 72.52 years

female: 76.96 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Barbadostotal population: 78.55 years

male: 75.79 years

female: 81.35 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Belarustotal population: 74.28 years

male: 68.9 years

female: 79.97 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Belgiumtotal population: 81.86 years

male: 79.25 years

female: 84.59 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Belizetotal population: 75.82 years

male: 74.23 years

female: 77.5 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Benintotal population: 62.21 years

male: 60.39 years

female: 64.14 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Bermudatotal population: 82.04 years

male: 78.96 years

female: 85.28 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Bhutantotal population: 72.31 years

male: 71.19 years

female: 73.49 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Boliviatotal population: 72.5 years

male: 71.04 years

female: 74.02 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovinatotal population: 77.98 years

male: 75.02 years

female: 81.15 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Botswanatotal population: 65.64 years

male: 63.6 years

female: 67.74 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Braziltotal population: 75.92 years

male: 72.5 years

female: 79.5 years (2022 est.)

Topic: British Virgin Islandstotal population: 79.67 years

male: 78.17 years

female: 81.25 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Bruneitotal population: 78.38 years

male: 76.01 years

female: 80.86 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Bulgariatotal population: 75.57 years

male: 72.36 years

female: 78.97 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Burkina Fasototal population: 63.44 years

male: 61.63 years

female: 65.31 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Burmatotal population: 69.92 years

male: 68.27 years

female: 71.67 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Burunditotal population: 67.42 years

male: 65.32 years

female: 69.59 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Cabo Verdetotal population: 73.75 years

male: 71.41 years

female: 76.15 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Cambodiatotal population: 70.65 years

male: 68.79 years

female: 72.59 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Cameroontotal population: 63.27 years

male: 61.49 years

female: 65.09 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Canadatotal population: 83.8 years

male: 81.52 years

female: 86.21 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Cayman Islandstotal population: 82.04 years

male: 79.35 years

female: 84.79 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Central African Republictotal population: 55.52 years

male: 54.19 years

female: 56.88 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Chadtotal population: 59.15 years

male: 57.32 years

female: 61.06 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Chiletotal population: 79.79 years

male: 76.8 years

female: 82.92 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Chinatotal population: 77.72 years

male: 75 years

female: 80.7 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Christmas Islandtotal population: (2017 est.) NA

male: NA

female: NA

Topic: Cocos (Keeling) Islandstotal population: NA

male: NA

female: (2021 est.) NA

Topic: Colombiatotal population: 74.89 years

male: 71.27 years

female: 78.69 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Comorostotal population: 67.2 years

male: 64.93 years

female: 69.54 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of thetotal population: 61.83 years

male: 60.03 years

female: 63.69 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Congo, Republic of thetotal population: 62.1 years

male: 60.65 years

female: 63.61 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Cook Islandstotal population: 77.14 years

male: 74.32 years

female: 80.11 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Costa Ricatotal population: 79.64 years

male: 76.99 years

female: 82.43 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Cote d'Ivoiretotal population: 62.26 years

male: 60.07 years

female: 64.52 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Croatiatotal population: 77.22 years

male: 74.1 years

female: 80.53 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Cubatotal population: 79.64 years

male: 77.29 years

female: 82.14 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Curacaototal population: 79.42 years

male: 77.09 years

female: 81.87 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Cyprustotal population: 79.74 years

male: 76.93 years

female: 82.68 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Czechiatotal population: 79.73 years

male: 76.8 years

female: 82.82 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Denmarktotal population: 81.66 years

male: 79.74 years

female: 83.71 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Djiboutitotal population: 65.3 years

male: 62.72 years

female: 67.96 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Dominicatotal population: 78.21 years

male: 75.25 years

female: 81.31 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Dominican Republictotal population: 72.56 years

male: 70.86 years

female: 74.33 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Ecuadortotal population: 78 years

male: 75.06 years

female: 81.1 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Egypttotal population: 74.45 years

male: 73.26 years

female: 75.72 years (2022 est.)

Topic: El Salvadortotal population: 75.37 years

male: 71.88 years

female: 79.04 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Equatorial Guineatotal population: 63.7 years

male: 61.44 years

female: 66.03 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Eritreatotal population: 66.85 years

male: 64.25 years

female: 69.53 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Estoniatotal population: 77.88 years

male: 73.25 years

female: 82.73 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Eswatinitotal population: 59.69 years

male: 57.62 years

female: 61.81 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Ethiopiatotal population: 68.25 years

male: 66.12 years

female: 70.44 years (2022 est.)

Topic: European Uniontotal population: 77.63 years

male: 72.98 years

female: 82.51 years (2021 est.)

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)total population: 77.9

male: 75.6

female: (2017 est.) 79.6

Topic: Faroe Islandstotal population: 81.26 years

male: 78.73 years

female: 83.97 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Fijitotal population: 74.27 years

male: 71.6 years

female: 77.07 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Finlandtotal population: 81.76 years

male: 78.86 years

female: 84.79 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Francetotal population: 82.59 years

male: 79.53 years

female: 85.79 years (2022 est.)

Topic: French Polynesiatotal population: 78.43 years

male: 76.11 years

female: 80.86 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Gabontotal population: 69.7 years

male: 67.98 years

female: 71.48 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Gambia, Thetotal population: 67.6 years

male: 65.83 years

female: 69.41 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Gaza Striptotal population: 75.4 years

male: 73.65 years

female: 77.25 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Georgiatotal population: 77.5 years

male: 73.45 years

female: 81.74 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Germanytotal population: 81.51 years

male: 79.15 years

female: 84 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Ghanatotal population: 69.37 years

male: 67.7 years

female: 71.09 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Gibraltartotal population: 80.42 years

male: 77.58 years

female: 83.41 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Greecetotal population: 81.49 years

male: 78.96 years

female: 84.2 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Greenlandtotal population: 73.98 years

male: 71.28 years

female: 76.82 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Grenadatotal population: 75.74 years

male: 73.13 years

female: 78.6 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Guamtotal population: 77.5 years

male: 75.07 years

female: 80.08 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Guatemalatotal population: 72.91 years

male: 70.88 years

female: 75.04 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Guernseytotal population: 83.23 years

male: 80.52 years

female: 86.07 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Guineatotal population: 63.9 years

male: 62.04 years

female: 65.82 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Guinea-Bissautotal population: 63.68 years

male: 61.45 years

female: 65.99 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Guyanatotal population: 71.87 years

male: 70.03 years

female: 73.8 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Haititotal population: 65.95 years

male: 63.26 years

female: 68.67 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Hondurastotal population: 75.17 years

male: 71.63 years

female: 78.82 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Hong Kongtotal population: 83.61 years

male: 80.91 years

female: 86.46 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Hungarytotal population: 77.2 years

male: 73.55 years

female: 81.06 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Icelandtotal population: 83.64 years

male: 81.41 years

female: 85.97 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Indiatotal population: 67.22 years

male: 65.46 years

female: 69.16 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Indonesiatotal population: 73.08 years

male: 70.86 years

female: 75.4 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Irantotal population: 75.25 years

male: 73.89 years

female: 76.67 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Iraqtotal population: 73.18 years

male: 71.3 years

female: 75.15 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Irelandtotal population: 81.66 years

male: 79.35 years

female: 84.1 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Isle of Mantotal population: 82.04 years

male: 80.23 years

female: 84 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Israeltotal population: 83.35 years

male: 81.45 years

female: 85.34 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Italytotal population: 82.59 years

male: 80.25 years

female: 85.08 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Jamaicatotal population: 75.75 years

male: 73.98 years

female: 77.6 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Japantotal population: 84.83 years

male: 81.92 years

female: 87.9 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Jerseytotal population: 82.63 years

male: 80.13 years

female: 85.28 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Jordantotal population: 76.01 years

male: 74.51 years

female: 77.6 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Kazakhstantotal population: 72.53 years

male: 67.43 years

female: 77.31 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Kenyatotal population: 69.69 years

male: 67.98 years

female: 71.43 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Kiribatitotal population: 67.9 years

male: 65.3 years

female: 70.64 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Korea, Northtotal population: 71.77 years

male: 67.88 years

female: 75.88 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Korea, Southtotal population: 82.97 years

male: 79.88 years

female: 86.24 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Kosovototal population: 71.12 years

male: 68.83 years

female: 73.58 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Kuwaittotal population: 79.13 years

male: 77.67 years

female: 80.65 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Kyrgyzstantotal population: 72.35 years

male: 68.27 years

female: 76.71 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Laostotal population: 68.15 years

male: 66.49 years

female: 69.88 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Latviatotal population: 75.91 years

male: 71.47 years

female: 80.56 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Lebanontotal population: 78.76 years

male: 77.36 years

female: 80.23 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Lesothototal population: 59.57 years

male: 57.57 years

female: 61.64 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Liberiatotal population: 65.45 years

male: 63.19 years

female: 67.78 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Libyatotal population: 77.18 years

male: 74.94 years

female: 79.53 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Liechtensteintotal population: 82.56 years

male: 80.33 years

female: 85.38 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Lithuaniatotal population: 75.78 years

male: 70.42 years

female: 81.44 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Luxembourgtotal population: 82.98 years

male: 80.52 years

female: 85.58 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Macautotal population: 84.98 years

male: 82.09 years

female: 88.02 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Madagascartotal population: 68.17 years

male: 66.8 years

female: 69.57 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Malawitotal population: 72.44 years

male: 69.33 years

female: 75.59 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Malaysiatotal population: 76.13 years

male: 74.5 years

female: 77.87 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Maldivestotal population: 76.94 years

male: 74.57 years

female: 79.42 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Malitotal population: 62.41 years

male: 60.19 years

female: 64.7 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Maltatotal population: 83.2 years

male: 81.11 years

female: 85.38 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Marshall Islandstotal population: 74.65 years

male: 72.4 years

female: 77.01 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Mauritaniatotal population: 65.22 years

male: 62.77 years

female: 67.75 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Mauritiustotal population: 74.86 years

male: 72.04 years

female: 77.88 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Mexicototal population: 72.32 years

male: 68.93 years

female: 75.88 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States oftotal population: 74.44 years

male: 72.34 years

female: 76.66 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Moldovatotal population: 72.44 years

male: 68.6 years

female: 76.52 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Monacototal population: 89.52 years

male: 85.7 years

female: 93.49 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Mongoliatotal population: 71.37 years

male: 67.19 years

female: 75.76 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Montenegrototal population: 77.75 years

male: 75.32 years

female: 80.27 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Montserrattotal population: 75.7 years

male: 76.66 years

female: 74.7 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Moroccototal population: 73.68 years

male: 71.98 years

female: 75.46 years (2022 est.)

note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara

Topic: Mozambiquetotal population: 57.1 years

male: 55.76 years

female: 58.49 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Namibiatotal population: 66.47 years

male: 64.46 years

female: 68.53 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Naurutotal population: 67.93 years

male: 64.38 years

female: 71.62 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Nepaltotal population: 72.4 years

male: 71.66 years

female: 73.17 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Netherlandstotal population: 82.16 years

male: 79.93 years

female: 84.49 years (2022 est.)

Topic: New Caledoniatotal population: 78.83 years

male: 74.93 years

female: 82.92 years (2022 est.)

Topic: New Zealandtotal population: 82.54 years

male: 80.78 years

female: 84.39 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Nicaraguatotal population: 74.78 years

male: 72.56 years

female: 77.11 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Nigertotal population: 60.09 years

male: 58.55 years

female: 61.68 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Nigeriatotal population: 61.33 years

male: 59.51 years

female: 63.27 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Niuetotal population: NA

male: NA

female: (2021 est.) NA

Topic: Norfolk Islandtotal population: (2017 est.) NA

male: NA

female: NA

Topic: North Macedoniatotal population: 76.84 years

male: 74.73 years

female: 79.08 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Northern Mariana Islandstotal population: 76.58 years

male: 74.48 years

female: 79.03 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Norwaytotal population: 82.55 years

male: 80.42 years

female: 84.79 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Omantotal population: 76.9 years

male: 74.96 years

female: 78.93 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Pakistantotal population: 69.67 years

male: 67.62 years

female: 71.82 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Palautotal population: 74.64 years

male: 71.48 years

female: 78 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Panamatotal population: 77.62 years

male: 74.76 years

female: 80.66 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Papua New Guineatotal population: 69.43 years

male: 67.76 years

female: 71.19 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Paraguaytotal population: 78.37 years

male: 75.72 years

female: 81.15 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Perutotal population: 68.94 years

male: 65.38 years

female: 72.67 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Philippinestotal population: 70.14 years

male: 66.6 years

female: 73.86 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Pitcairn Islandstotal population: NA

male: NA

female: (2021 est.) NA

Topic: Polandtotal population: 78.76 years

male: 75.02 years

female: 82.73 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Portugaltotal population: 81.5 years

male: 78.37 years

female: 84.79 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Puerto Ricototal population: 81.68 years

male: 78.47 years

female: 85.08 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Qatartotal population: 79.81 years

male: 77.7 years

female: 81.96 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Romaniatotal population: 75.75 years

male: 72.3 years

female: 79.4 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Russiatotal population: 72.44 years

male: 66.92 years

female: 78.3 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Rwandatotal population: 65.85 years

male: 63.89 years

female: 67.86 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Saint Barthelemytotal population: 80.58 years

male: 77.48 years

female: 83.81 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunhatotal population: 80.48 years

male: 77.58 years

female: 83.51 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevistotal population: 77.08 years

male: 74.63 years

female: 79.58 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Saint Luciatotal population: 78.95 years

male: 76.21 years

female: 81.84 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Saint Martintotal population: 80.58 years

male: 77.48 years

female: 83.81 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Saint Pierre and Miquelontotal population: 81.41 years

male: 79.05 years

female: 83.9 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadinestotal population: 76.68 years

male: 74.63 years

female: 78.79 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Samoatotal population: 75.19 years

male: 72.28 years

female: 78.25 years (2022 est.)

Topic: San Marinototal population: 83.86 years

male: 81.3 years

female: 86.65 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Sao Tome and Principetotal population: 67.06 years

male: 65.44 years

female: 68.72 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Saudi Arabiatotal population: 76.65 years

male: 75.07 years

female: 78.32 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Senegaltotal population: 69.96 years

male: 68.23 years

female: 71.77 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Serbiatotal population: 74.17 years

male: 71.5 years

female: 77 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Seychellestotal population: 76.1 years

male: 71.67 years

female: 80.66 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Sierra Leonetotal population: 58.76 years

male: 57.16 years

female: 60.41 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Singaporetotal population: 86.35 years

male: 83.65 years

female: 89.2 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Sint Maartentotal population: 79.26 years

male: 76.91 years

female: 81.73 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Slovakiatotal population: 78.31 years

male: 74.83 years

female: 82.04 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Sloveniatotal population: 81.82 years

male: 78.96 years

female: 84.79 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Solomon Islandstotal population: 76.7 years

male: 74.05 years

female: 79.49 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Somaliatotal population: 55.72 years

male: 53.39 years

female: 58.12 years (2022 est.)

Topic: South Africatotal population: 65.32 years

male: 63.99 years

female: 66.68 years (2022 est.)

Topic: South Sudantotal population: 59.16 years

male: 57.43 years

female: 60.97 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Spaintotal population: 82.55 years

male: 79.84 years

female: 85.4 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Sri Lankatotal population: 78 years

male: 74.57 years

female: 81.56 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Sudantotal population: 67.12 years

male: 64.89 years

female: 69.46 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Surinametotal population: 72.42 years

male: 68.81 years

female: 76.27 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Svalbardtotal population: NA

male: NA

female: (2021 est.) NA

Topic: Swedentotal population: 82.7 years

male: 80.94 years

female: 84.58 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Switzerlandtotal population: 83.23 years

male: 80.91 years

female: 85.67 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Syriatotal population: 74.28 years

male: 72.82 years

female: 75.84 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Taiwantotal population: 81.16 years

male: 78.17 years

female: 84.34 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Tajikistantotal population: 69.36 years

male: 66.2 years

female: 72.69 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Tanzaniatotal population: 70.19 years

male: 68.42 years

female: 72.02 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Thailandtotal population: 77.66 years

male: 74.65 years

female: 80.83 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Timor-Lestetotal population: 69.92 years

male: 68.25 years

female: 71.7 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Togototal population: 71.36 years

male: 68.76 years

female: 74.03 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Tokelautotal population: NA

male: NA

female: (2021 est.) NA

Topic: Tongatotal population: 77.53 years

male: 75.89 years

female: 79.23 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Trinidad and Tobagototal population: 75.94 years

male: 74.02 years

female: 77.93 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Tunisiatotal population: 76.82 years

male: 75.14 years

female: 78.6 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Turkeytotal population: 76.21 years

male: 73.84 years

female: 78.7 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Turkmenistantotal population: 71.83 years

male: 68.8 years

female: 75 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Turks and Caicos Islandstotal population: 80.82 years

male: 78.07 years

female: 83.71 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Tuvalutotal population: 68.38 years

male: 65.96 years

female: 70.92 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Ugandatotal population: 68.96 years

male: 66.71 years

female: 71.27 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Ukrainetotal population: 73.45 years

male: 68.8 years

female: 78.39 years (2022 est.)

Topic: United Arab Emiratestotal population: 79.56 years

male: 78.21 years

female: 80.99 years (2022 est.)

Topic: United Kingdomtotal population: 81.94 years

male: 79.95 years

female: 84.04 years (2022 est.)

Topic: United Statestotal population: 80.59 years

male: 78.36 years

female: 82.79 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Uruguaytotal population: 78.43 years

male: 75.32 years

female: 81.64 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Uzbekistantotal population: 75.29 years

male: 72.27 years

female: 78.5 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Vanuatutotal population: 75.14 years

male: 73.45 years

female: 76.91 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Venezuelatotal population: 73.29 years

male: 70.12 years

female: 76.62 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Vietnamtotal population: 75.52 years

male: 72.95 years

female: 78.37 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Virgin Islandstotal population: 80.27 years

male: 77.08 years

female: 83.65 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Wallis and Futunatotal population: 80.67 years

male: 77.68 years

female: 83.81 years (2022 est.)

Topic: West Banktotal population: 76.38 years

male: 74.29 years

female: 78.6 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Worldtotal population: 70.5 years

male: 68.4 years

female: 72.6 years (2020 est.)

Topic: Yementotal population: 67.51 years

male: 65.19 years

female: 69.94 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Zambiatotal population: 66.26 years

male: 64.52 years

female: 68.06 years (2022 est.)

Topic: Zimbabwetotal population: 63.32 years

male: 61.18 years (2022 est.)

female: 65.52 years (2022 est.)