For most countries, this entry gives the date that sovereignty was achieved and from which nation, empire, or trusteeship. For the other countries, the date given may not represent "independence" in the strict sense, but rather some significant nationhood event such as the traditional founding date or the date of unification, federation, confederation, establishment, fundamental change in the form of government, or state succession. For a number of countries, the establishment of statehood was a lengthy evolutionary process occurring over decades or even centuries. In such cases, several significant dates are cited. Dependent areas include the notation "none" followed by the nature of their dependency status. Also see the Terminology note.

Topic: Afghanistan19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs)

Topic: Albania28 November 1912 (from the Ottoman Empire)

Topic: Algeria5 July 1962 (from France)

Topic: American Samoanone (territory of the US)

Topic: Andorra1278 (formed under the joint sovereignty of the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgell)

Topic: Angola11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

Topic: Anguillanone (overseas territory of the UK)

Topic: Antigua and Barbuda1 November 1981 (from the UK)

Topic: Argentina9 July 1816 (from Spain)

Topic: Armenia21 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 321 B.C. (Kingdom of Armenia established under the Orontid Dynasty), A.D. 884 (Armenian Kingdom reestablished under the Bagratid Dynasty); 1198 (Cilician Kingdom established); 28 May 1918 (Democratic Republic of Armenia declared)

Topic: Arubanone (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Topic: Australia1 January 1901 (from the federation of UK colonies)

Topic: Austriano official date of independence: 976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 6 January 1453 (Archduchy of Austria acknowledged); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire proclaimed); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established); 12 November 1918 (First Republic proclaimed); 27 April 1945 (Second Republic proclaimed)

Topic: Azerbaijan30 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 18 October 1991 (adopted by the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan)

Topic: Bahamas, The10 July 1973 (from the UK)

Topic: Bahrain15 August 1971 (from the UK)

Topic: Bangladesh16 December 1971 (from Pakistan)

Topic: Barbados30 November 1966 (from the UK)

Topic: Belarus25 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Topic: Belgium4 October 1830 (a provisional government declared independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King LEOPOLD I ascended to the throne)

Topic: Belize21 September 1981 (from the UK)

Topic: Benin1 August 1960 (from France)

Topic: Bermudanone (overseas territory of the UK)

Topic: Bhutan17 December 1907 (became a unified kingdom under its first hereditary king); 8 August 1949 (Treaty of Friendship with India maintains Bhutanese independence)

Topic: Bolivia6 August 1825 (from Spain)

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovina1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia); note - referendum for independence completed on 1 March 1992; independence declared on 3 March 1992

Topic: Botswana30 September 1966 (from the UK)

Topic: Brazil7 September 1822 (from Portugal)

Topic: British Virgin Islandsnone (overseas territory of the UK)

Topic: Brunei1 January 1984 (from the UK)

Topic: Bulgaria3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the Ottoman Empire)

Topic: Burkina Faso5 August 1960 (from France)

Topic: Burma4 January 1948 (from the UK)

Topic: Burundi1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

Topic: Cabo Verde5 July 1975 (from Portugal)

Topic: Cambodia9 November 1953 (from France)

Topic: Cameroon1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: Canada1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11 December 1931 (recognized by UK per Statute of Westminster)

Topic: Cayman Islandsnone (overseas territory of the UK)

Topic: Central African Republic13 August 1960 (from France)

Topic: Chad11 August 1960 (from France)

Topic: Chile18 September 1810 (from Spain)

Topic: China1 October 1949 (People's Republic of China established); notable earlier dates: 221 B.C. (unification under the Qin Dynasty); 1 January 1912 (Qing Dynasty replaced by the Republic of China)

Topic: Christmas Islandnone (territory of Australia)

Topic: Cocos (Keeling) Islandsnone (territory of Australia)

Topic: Colombia20 July 1810 (from Spain)

Topic: Comoros6 July 1975 (from France)

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of the30 June 1960 (from Belgium)

Topic: Congo, Republic of the15 August 1960 (from France)

Topic: Cook Islandsnone (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 with the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action)

Topic: Costa Rica15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Topic: Cote d'Ivoire7 August 1960 (from France)

Topic: Croatia25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia); note - 25 June 1991 was the day the Croatian parliament voted for independence; following a three-month moratorium to allow the European Community to solve the Yugoslav crisis peacefully, parliament adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia; notable earlier dates: ca. 925 (Kingdom of Croatia established); 1 December 1918 (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) established)

Topic: Cuba20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a day of independence

Topic: Curacaonone (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Topic: Cyprus16 August 1960 (from the UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but these proclamations are recognized only by Turkey

Topic: Czechia1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia); note - although 1 January is the day the Czech Republic came into being, the Czechs commemorate 28 October 1918, the day the former Czechoslovakia declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as their independence day

Topic: Denmarkca. 965 (unified and Christianized under HARALD I Gormsson); 5 June 1849 (became a parliamentary constitutional monarchy)

Topic: Djibouti27 June 1977 (from France)

Topic: Dominica3 November 1978 (from the UK)

Topic: Dominican Republic27 February 1844 (from Haiti)

Topic: Ecuador24 May 1822 (from Spain)

Topic: Egypt28 February 1922 (from UK protectorate status; the military-led revolution that began on 23 July 1952 led to a republic being declared on 18 June 1953 and all British troops withdrawn on 18 June 1956); note - it was ca. 3200 B.C. that the Two Lands of Upper (southern) and Lower (northern) Egypt were first united politically

Topic: El Salvador15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Topic: Equatorial Guinea12 October 1968 (from Spain)

Topic: Eritrea24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)

Topic: Estonia24 February 1918 (from Soviet Russia); 20 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union)

Topic: Eswatini6 September 1968 (from the UK)

Topic: Ethiopiaoldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years (may be traced to the Aksumite Kingdom, which coalesced in the first century B.C.)

Topic: European Union7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed establishing the European Union); 1 November 1993 (Maastricht Treaty entered into force)

note: the Treaties of Rome, signed on 25 March 1957 and subsequently entered into force on 1 January 1958, created the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community; a series of subsequent treaties have been adopted to increase efficiency and transparency, to prepare for new member states, and to introduce new areas of cooperation - such as a single currency; the Treaty of Lisbon, signed on 13 December 2007 and entered into force on 1 December 2009 is the most recent of these treaties and is intended to make the EU more democratic, more efficient, and better able to address global problems with one voice

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)

Topic: Faroe Islandsnone (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)

Topic: Fiji10 October 1970 (from the UK)

Topic: Finland6 December 1917 (from Russia)

Topic: Franceno official date of independence: 486 (Frankish tribes unified under Merovingian kingship); 10 August 843 (Western Francia established from the division of the Carolingian Empire); 14 July 1789 (French monarchy overthrown); 22 September 1792 (First French Republic founded); 4 October 1958 (Fifth French Republic established)

Topic: French Polynesianone (overseas land of France)

Topic: Gabon17 August 1960 (from France)

Topic: Gambia, The18 February 1965 (from the UK)

Topic: Georgia9 April 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier date: A.D. 1008 (Georgia unified under King BAGRAT III)

Topic: Germany18 January 1871 (establishment of the German Empire); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed on 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) proclaimed on 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; West Germany and East Germany unified on 3 October 1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights on 15 March 1991; notable earlier dates: 10 August 843 (Eastern Francia established from the division of the Carolingian Empire); 2 February 962 (crowning of OTTO I, recognized as the first Holy Roman Emperor)

Topic: Ghana6 March 1957 (from the UK)

Topic: Gibraltarnone (overseas territory of the UK)

Topic: Greece3 February 1830 (from the Ottoman Empire); note - 25 March 1821, outbreak of the national revolt against the Ottomans; 3 February 1830, signing of the London Protocol recognizing Greek independence by Great Britain, France, and Russia

Topic: Greenlandnone (extensive self-rule as part of the Kingdom of Denmark; foreign affairs is the responsibility of Denmark, but Greenland actively participates in international agreements relating to Greenland)

Topic: Grenada7 February 1974 (from the UK)

Topic: Guamnone (territory of the US)

Topic: Guatemala15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Topic: Guernseynone (British Crown dependency)

Topic: Guinea2 October 1958 (from France)

Topic: Guinea-Bissau24 September 1973 (declared); 10 September 1974 (from Portugal)

Topic: Guyana26 May 1966 (from the UK)

Topic: Haiti1 January 1804 (from France)

Topic: Holy See (Vatican City)11 February 1929; note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Holy See and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over centuries varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to A.D. 754

Topic: Honduras15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Topic: Hong Kongnone (special administrative region of China)

Topic: Hungary16 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established)

Topic: Iceland1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark; birthday of Jon SIGURDSSON, leader of Iceland's 19th Century independence movement)

Topic: India15 August 1947 (from the UK)

Topic: Indonesia17 August 1945 (declared independence from the Netherlands)

Topic: Iran1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed); notable earlier dates: ca. 550 B.C. (Achaemenid (Persian) Empire established); A.D. 1501 (Iran reunified under the Safavid Dynasty); 1794 (beginning of Qajar Dynasty); 12 December 1925 (modern Iran established under the PAHLAVI Dynasty)

Topic: Iraq3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration); note - on 28 June 2004 the Coalition Provisional Authority transferred sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government

Topic: Ireland6 December 1921 (from the UK by the Anglo-Irish Treaty, which ended British rule); 6 December 1922 (Irish Free State established); 18 April 1949 (Republic of Ireland Act enabled)

Topic: Isle of Mannone (British Crown dependency)

Topic: Israel14 May 1948 (following League of Nations mandate under British administration)

Topic: Italy17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed; Italy was not finally unified until 1871)

Topic: Jamaica6 August 1962 (from the UK)

Topic: Japan3 May 1947 (current constitution adopted as amendment to Meiji Constitution); notable earlier dates: 11 February 660 B.C. (mythological date of the founding of the nation by Emperor JIMMU); 29 November 1890 (Meiji Constitution provides for constitutional monarchy)

Topic: Jerseynone (British Crown dependency)

Topic: Jordan25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)

Topic: Kazakhstan16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Topic: Kenya12 December 1963 (from the UK)

Topic: Kiribati12 July 1979 (from the UK)

Topic: Korea, North15 August 1945 (from Japan)

Topic: Korea, South15 August 1945 (from Japan)

Topic: Kosovo17 February 2008 (from Serbia)

Topic: Kuwait19 June 1961 (from the UK)

Topic: Kyrgyzstan31 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Topic: Laos19 July 1949 (from France by the Franco-Lao General Convention); 22 October 1953 (Franco-Lao Treaty recognizes full independence)

Topic: Latvia18 November 1918 (from Soviet Russia); 4 May 1990 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union)

Topic: Lebanon22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)

Topic: Lesotho4 October 1966 (from the UK)

Topic: Liberia26 July 1847

Topic: Libya24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship)

Topic: Liechtenstein23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire); 24 August 1866 (independence from the German Confederation)

Topic: Lithuania16 February 1918 (from Soviet Russia and Germany); 11 March 1990 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 6 July 1253 (coronation of MINDAUGAS, traditional founding date); 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created)

Topic: Luxembourg1839 (from the Netherlands)

Topic: Macaunone (special administrative region of China)

Topic: Madagascar26 June 1960 (from France)

Topic: Malawi6 July 1964 (from the UK)

Topic: Malaysia31 August 1957 (from the UK)

Topic: Maldives26 July 1965 (from the UK)

Topic: Mali22 September 1960 (from France)

Topic: Malta21 September 1964 (from the UK)

Topic: Marshall Islands21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: Mauritania28 November 1960 (from France)

Topic: Mauritius12 March 1968 (from the UK)

Topic: Mexico16 September 1810 (declared independence from Spain); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States of3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: Moldova27 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Topic: Monaco1419 (beginning of permanent rule by the House of GRIMALDI)

Topic: Mongolia29 December 1911 (independence declared from China; in actuality, autonomy attained); 11 July 1921 (from China)

Topic: Montenegro3 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro); notable earlier dates: 13 March 1852 (Principality of Montenegro established); 13 July 1878 (Congress of Berlin recognizes Montenegrin independence); 28 August 1910 (Kingdom of Montenegro established)

Topic: Montserratnone (overseas territory of the UK)

Topic: Morocco2 March 1956 (from France)

Topic: Mozambique25 June 1975 (from Portugal)

Topic: Namibia21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)

Topic: Nauru31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: Nepal1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan SHAH)

Topic: Netherlands23 January 1579 (the northern provinces of the Low Countries conclude the Union of Utrecht breaking with Spain; on 26 July 1581, they formally declared their independence with an Act of Abjuration; however, it was not until 30 January 1648 and the Peace of Westphalia that Spain recognized this independence)

Topic: New Caledonianone (overseas collectivity of France); note - in three independence referenda, on 4 November 2018, 4 October 2020, and 12 December 2021, the majority voted to reject independence in favor of maintaining the status quo; an 18-month transition period is now in place (ending 30 June 2023), during which a referendum on the new status of New Caledonia within France will take place

Topic: New Zealand26 September 1907 (from the UK)

Topic: Nicaragua15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Topic: Niger3 August 1960 (from France)

Topic: Nigeria1 October 1960 (from the UK)

Topic: Niue19 October 1974 (Niue became a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand)

Topic: Norfolk Islandnone (territory of Australia)

Topic: North Macedonia8 September 1991 (referendum by registered voters endorsed independence from Yugoslavia)

Topic: Northern Mariana Islandsnone (commonwealth in political union with the US)

Topic: Norway7 June 1905 (declared the union with Sweden dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union); notable earlier dates: ca. 872 (traditional unification of petty Norwegian kingdoms by HARALD Fairhair); 1397 (Kalmar Union of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden); 1524 (Denmark-Norway); 17 May 1814 (Norwegian constitution adopted); 4 November 1814 (Sweden-Norway union confirmed)

Topic: Oman1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)

Topic: Pakistan14 August 1947 (from British India)

Topic: Palau1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: Panama3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain on 28 November 1821)

Topic: Papua New Guinea16 September 1975 (from the Australia-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: Paraguay14-15 May 1811 (from Spain); note - the uprising against Spanish authorities took place during the night of 14-15 May 1811 and both days are celebrated in Paraguay

Topic: Peru28 July 1821 (from Spain)

Topic: Philippines4 July 1946 (from the US)

Topic: Pitcairn Islandsnone (overseas territory of the UK)

Topic: Poland11 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 14 April 966 (adoption of Christianity, traditional founding date), 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created)

Topic: Portugal1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 1 December 1640 (independence reestablished following 60 years of Spanish rule); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)

Topic: Puerto Riconone (territory of the US with commonwealth status)

Topic: Qatar3 September 1971 (from the UK)

Topic: Romania9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire; 13 July 1878 (independence recognized by the Treaty of Berlin); 26 March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed)

Topic: Russia25 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union; Russian SFSR renamed Russian Federation); notable earlier dates: 1157 (Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal created); 16 January 1547 (Tsardom of Muscovy established); 22 October 1721 (Russian Empire proclaimed); 30 December 1922 (Soviet Union established)

Topic: Rwanda1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: Saint Barthelemynone (overseas collectivity of France)

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunhanone (overseas territory of the UK)

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevis19 September 1983 (from the UK)

Topic: Saint Lucia22 February 1979 (from the UK)

Topic: Saint Martinnone (overseas collectivity of France)

Topic: Saint Pierre and Miquelonnone (overseas collectivity collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines27 October 1979 (from the UK)

Topic: Samoa1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: San Marino3 September 301 (traditional founding date)

Topic: Sao Tome and Principe12 July 1975 (from Portugal)

Topic: Saudi Arabia23 September 1932 (unification of the kingdom)

Topic: Senegal4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960

Topic: Serbia5 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro); notable earlier dates: 1217 (Serbian Kingdom established); 16 April 1346 (Serbian Empire established); 13 July 1878 (Congress of Berlin recognizes Serbian independence); 1 December 1918 (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) established)

Topic: Seychelles29 June 1976 (from the UK)

Topic: Sierra Leone27 April 1961 (from the UK)

Topic: Singapore9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)

Topic: Sint Maartennone (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Topic: Slovakia1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)

Topic: Slovenia25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Topic: Solomon Islands7 July 1978 (from the UK)

Topic: Somalia1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960 to form the Somali Republic)

Topic: South Africa31 May 1910 (Union of South Africa formed from four British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange Free State); 22 August 1934 (Status of the Union Act); 31 May 1961 (republic declared); 27 April 1994 (majority rule)

Topic: South Sudan9 July 2011 (from Sudan)

Topic: Spain1492; the Iberian peninsula was characterized by a variety of independent kingdoms prior to the Muslim occupation that began in the early 8th century A.D. and lasted nearly seven centuries; the small Christian redoubts of the north began the reconquest almost immediately, culminating in the seizure of Granada in 1492; this event completed the unification of several kingdoms and is traditionally considered the forging of present-day Spain

Topic: Sri Lanka4 February 1948 (from the UK)

Topic: Sudan1 January 1956 (from Egypt and the UK)

Topic: Suriname25 November 1975 (from the Netherlands)

Topic: Svalbardnone (territory of Norway)

Topic: Sweden6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king of Sweden, marking the abolishment of the Kalmar Union between Denmark, Norway, and Sweden)

Topic: Switzerland1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation)

Topic: Syria17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)

Topic: Tajikistan9 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Topic: Tanzania26 April 1964 (Tanganyika united with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar); 29 October 1964 (renamed United Republic of Tanzania); notable earlier dates: 9 December 1961 (Tanganyika became independent from UK-administered UN trusteeship); 10 December 1963 (Zanzibar became independent from UK)

Topic: Thailand1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)

Topic: Timor-Leste20 May 2002 (from Indonesia); note - 28 November 1975 was the date independence was proclaimed from Portugal; 20 May 2002 was the date of international recognition of Timor-Leste's independence from Indonesia

Topic: Togo27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: Tokelaunone (territory of New Zealand)

Topic: Tonga4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate status)

Topic: Trinidad and Tobago31 August 1962 (from the UK)

Topic: Tunisia20 March 1956 (from France)

Topic: Turkey (Turkiye)29 October 1923 (republic proclaimed, succeeding the Ottoman Empire)

Topic: Turkmenistan27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Topic: Turks and Caicos Islandsnone (overseas territory of the UK)

Topic: Tuvalu1 October 1978 (from the UK)

Topic: Uganda9 October 1962 (from the UK)

Topic: Ukraine24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: ca. 982 (VOLODYMYR I consolidates Kyivan Rus); 1199 (Principality (later Kingdom) of Ruthenia formed); 1648 (establishment of the Cossack Hetmanate); 22 January 1918 (from Soviet Russia)

Topic: United Arab Emirates2 December 1971 (from the UK)

Topic: United Kingdomno official date of independence: 927 (minor English kingdoms unite); 3 March 1284 (enactment of the Statute of Rhuddlan uniting England and Wales); 1536 (Act of Union formally incorporates England and Wales); 1 May 1707 (Acts of Union formally unite England, Scotland, and Wales as Great Britain); 1 January 1801 (Acts of Union formally unite Great Britain and Ireland as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland); 6 December 1921 (Anglo-Irish Treaty formalizes partition of Ireland; six counties remain part of the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland); 12 April 1927 (Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act establishes current name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)

Topic: United States4 July 1776 (declared independence from Great Britain); 3 September 1783 (recognized by Great Britain)

Topic: Uruguay25 August 1825 (from Brazil)

Topic: Uzbekistan1 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Topic: Vanuatu30 July 1980 (from France and the UK)

Topic: Venezuela5 July 1811 (from Spain)

Topic: Vietnam2 September 1945 (from France)

Topic: Virgin Islandsnone (territory of the US)

Topic: Wake Islandnone (territory of the US)

Topic: Wallis and Futunanone (overseas collectivity of France)

Topic: Yemen22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen was established with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]); notable earlier dates: North Yemen became independent on 1 November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and became a republic with the overthrow of the theocratic Imamate on 27 September 1962; South Yemen became independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)

Topic: Zambia24 October 1964 (from the UK)

Topic: Zimbabwe18 April 1980 (from the UK)


Topic: Photos of Angola

Topic: Introduction
Background: From the late 14th to the mid 19th century a Kingdom of Kongo stretched across central Africa from present-day northern Angola into the current Congo republics. It traded heavily with the Portuguese who, beginning in the 16th century, established coastal colonies and trading posts and introduced Christianity. By the 19th century, Portuguese settlement had spread to the interior; in 1914, Portugal abolished the last vestiges of the Kongo Kingdom and Angola became a Portuguese colony.

Angola scores low on human development indexes despite using its large oil reserves to rebuild since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but fighting picked up again in 1993. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. DOS SANTOS stepped down from the presidency in 2017, having led the country since 1979. He pushed through a new constitution in 2010. Joao LOURENCO was elected president in August 2017 and became president of the MPLA in September 2018.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo
Geographic coordinates: 12 30 S, 18 30 E
Map references: Africa
Area: total: 1,246,700 sq km

land: 1,246,700 sq km

water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: about eight times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Land boundaries: total: 5,369 km

border countries (4): Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,646 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province); Republic of the Congo 231 km; Namibia 1,427 km; Zambia 1,065 km
Coastline: 1,600 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate: semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)
Terrain: narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau
Elevation: highest point: Moca 2,620 m

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

mean elevation: 1,112 m
Natural resources: petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium
Land use: agricultural land: 45.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 3.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 41.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 54.3% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 860 sq km (2014)
Major rivers (by length in km): Zambezi (shared with Zambia [s], Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique [m]) - 2,740 km; Okavango river source (shared with Namibia and Botswana [m]) - 1,600 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km)
Indian Ocean drainage: Zambezi (1,332,412 sq km)
Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Okavango Basin (863,866 sq km)
Major aquifers: Congo Basin, Upper Kalahari-Cuvelai-Upper Zambezi Basin
Population distribution: most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda as shown in this population distribution map
Natural hazards: locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau
Geography - note: the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Map description: Angola map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the South Atlantic Ocean.Angola map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the South Atlantic Ocean.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 34,795,287 (2022 est.)
Nationality: noun: Angolan(s)

adjective: Angolan
Ethnic groups: Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%
Languages: Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6%; note - data represent most widely spoken languages; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census (2014 est.)
Religions: Roman Catholic 41.1%, Protestant 38.1%, other 8.6%, none 12.3% (2014 est.)
Demographic profile: More than a decade after the end of Angola's 27-year civil war, the country still faces a variety of socioeconomic problems, including poverty, high maternal and child mortality, and illiteracy. Despite the country's rapid post-war economic growth based on oil production, about 40 percent of Angolans live below the poverty line and unemployment is widespread, especially among the large young-adult population. Only about 70% of the population is literate, and the rate drops to around 60% for women. The youthful population - about 45% are under the age of 15 - is expected to continue growing rapidly with a fertility rate of more than 5 children per woman and a low rate of contraceptive use. Fewer than half of women deliver their babies with the assistance of trained health care personnel, which contributes to Angola's high maternal mortality rate. Of the estimated 550,000 Angolans who fled their homeland during its civil war, most have returned home since 2002. In 2012, the UN assessed that conditions in Angola had been stable for several years and invoked a cessation of refugee status for Angolans. Following the cessation clause, some of those still in exile returned home voluntarily through UN repatriation programs, and others integrated into host countries.More than a decade after the end of Angola's 27-year civil war, the country still faces a variety of socioeconomic problems, including poverty, high maternal and child mortality, and illiteracy. Despite the country's rapid post-war economic growth based on oil production, about 40 percent of Angolans live below the poverty line and unemployment is widespread, especially among the large young-adult population. Only about 70% of the population is literate, and the rate drops to around 60% for women. The youthful population - about 45% are under the age of 15 - is expected to continue growing rapidly with a fertility rate of more than 5 children per woman and a low rate of contraceptive use. Fewer than half of women deliver their babies with the assistance of trained health care personnel, which contributes to Angola's high maternal mortality rate.Of the estimated 550,000 Angolans who fled their homeland during its civil war, most have returned home since 2002. In 2012, the UN assessed that conditions in Angola had been stable for several years and invoked a cessation of refugee status for Angolans. Following the cessation clause, some of those still in exile returned home voluntarily through UN repatriation programs, and others integrated into host countries.
Age structure: 0-14 years: 47.83% (male 7,758,636/female 7,797,869)

15-24 years: 18.64% (male 2,950,999/female 3,109,741)

25-54 years: 27.8% (male 4,301,618/female 4,740,463)

55-64 years: 3.43% (male 523,517/female 591,249)

65 years and over: 2.3% (2020 est.) (male 312,197/female 436,050)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 94.5

youth dependency ratio: 90.2

elderly dependency ratio: 4.3

potential support ratio: 23.5 (2020 est.)
Median age: total: 15.9 years

male: 15.4 years

female: 16.4 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: 3.36% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 41.8 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 8.01 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution: most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda as shown in this population distribution map
Urbanization: urban population: 68.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population: 8.952 million LUANDA (capital), 914,000 Lubango, 862,000 Cabinda, Benguela 777,000 (2022)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 0.95 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.91 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female

total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 19.4 years (2015/16 est.)

note: median age at first birth among women 20-49
Maternal mortality ratio: 241 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 58.86 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 64.11 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 53.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 62.11 years

male: 60.05 years

female: 64.24 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 5.83 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: 13.7% (2015/16)
Drinking water source: improved: urban: 81.3% of population

rural: 36.5% of population

total: 66.5% of population

unimproved: urban: 18.7% of population

rural: 63.5% of population

total: 33.5% of population (2020 est.)
Current Health Expenditure: 2.5% (2019)
Physicians density: 0.21 physicians/1,000 population (2018)
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: 93.7% of population

rural: 30.3% of population

total: 72.7% of population

unimproved: urban: 6.3% of population

rural: 69.7% of population

total: 27.3% of population (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 1.8% (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 340,000 (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 16,000 (2020 est.)
Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: very high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria

water contact diseases: schistosomiasis

animal contact diseases: rabies
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 8.2% (2016)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 19% (2015/16)
Child marriage: women married by age 15: 7.9%

women married by age 18: 30.3%

men married by age 18: 6% (2016 est.)
Education expenditures: 1.8% of GDP (2019 est.)
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 71.1%

male: 82%

female: 60.7% (2015)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 10 years

male: 12 years

female: 7 years (2011)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 17.3%

male: 17.9%

female: 16.7% (2014 est.)

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water
Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Air pollutants: particulate matter emissions: 27.95 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 34.69 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 23.28 megatons (2020 est.)
Climate: semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)
Land use: agricultural land: 45.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 3.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 41.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 54.3% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 68.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Revenue from forest resources: forest revenues: 0.36% of GDP (2018 est.)
Revenue from coal: coal revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: very high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria

water contact diseases: schistosomiasis

animal contact diseases: rabies
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 4,213,644 tons (2012 est.)
Major rivers (by length in km): Zambezi (shared with Zambia [s], Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique [m]) - 2,740 km; Okavango river source (shared with Namibia and Botswana [m]) - 1,600 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km)
Indian Ocean drainage: Zambezi (1,332,412 sq km)
Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Okavango Basin (863,866 sq km)
Major aquifers: Congo Basin, Upper Kalahari-Cuvelai-Upper Zambezi Basin
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 319.5 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

industrial: 239.6 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

agricultural: 146.7 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 148.4 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Angola

conventional short form: Angola

local long form: Republica de Angola

local short form: Angola

former: People's Republic of Angola

etymology: name derived by the Portuguese from the title "ngola" held by kings of the Ndongo (Ndongo was a kingdom in what is now northern Angola)
Government type: presidential republic
Capital: name: Luanda

geographic coordinates: 8 50 S, 13 13 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: does not observe daylight savings time

etymology: originally named "Sao Paulo da Assuncao de Loanda" (Saint Paul of the Assumption of Loanda), which over time was shortened and corrupted to just Luanda

Administrative divisions: 18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza-Norte, Cuanza-Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda-Norte, Lunda-Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire
Independence: 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
National holiday: Independence Day, 11 November (1975)
Constitution: history: previous 1975, 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010, adopted 5 February 2010

amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly subject to prior Constitutional Court review if requested by the president of the republic
Legal system: civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Angola

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 26 September 2017); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 26 September 2017)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections/appointments: the candidate of the winning party or coalition in the last legislative election becomes the president; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term); last held on 23 August 2017 (next to be held in 24 August 2022)

election results: Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (MPLA) elected president by then winning party following the 23 August 2017 general election
Legislative branch: description: unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members directly elected in a single national constituency and in multi-seat constituencies by closed list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)

elections: last held on 23 August 2017 (next to be held on 24 August 2022)

election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 61.1%, UNITA 26.7%, CASA-CE 9.5%, PRS 1.4%, FNLA 0.9%, other 0.5%; seats by party - MPLA 150, UNITA 51, CASA-CE 16, PRS 2, FNLA 1; composition - men 155, women 65, percent of women 29.5%
Judicial branch: highest courts: Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 16 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 judges)

judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body chaired by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms

subordinate courts: provincial and municipal courts
Political parties and leaders: Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE [Manuel FERNANDES]
National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA; note - party has two factions; one led by Lucas NGONDA; the other by Ngola KABANGU
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Adalberto Costa JUNIOR] (largest opposition party)
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Joao LOURENCO]; note - Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS stepped down 8 Sept 2018; ruling party in power since 1975
Social Renewal Party or PRS [Benedito DANIEL]
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OPEC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Joaquim do Espirito SANTO (since 16 September 2019)

chancery: 2100-2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone: [1] (202) 785-1156

FAX: [1] (202) 822-9049

email address and website:
info@angola.org

https://angola.org/

consulate(s) general: Houston, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Tulinabo S. MUSHINGI, (since 9 March 2022)

embassy: Rua Houari Boumedienne, #32, Luanda

mailing address: 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550

telephone: [244] (222) 64-1000

FAX: [244] (222) 64-1000

email address and website:
Consularluanda@state.gov

https://ao.usembassy.gov/
Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty and black the African continent; the symbols characterize workers and peasants
National symbol(s): Palanca Negra Gigante (giant black sable antelope); national colors: red, black, yellow
National anthem: name: "Angola Avante" (Forward Angola)

lyrics/music: Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO

note: adopted 1975
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Mbanza-Kongo

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: Angola's economy is overwhelmingly driven by its oil sector. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 50% of GDP, more than 70% of government revenue, and more than 90% of the country's exports; Angola is an OPEC member and subject to its direction regarding oil production levels. Diamonds contribute an additional 5% to exports. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported.   Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Some of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war (1975-2002). However, the government since 2005 has used billions of dollars in credit from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to help rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, and as a result, the national military, international partners, and private Angolan firms all continue to remove them.   The global recession that started in 2008 stalled Angola’s economic growth and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued billions in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell. Lower prices for oil and diamonds also resulted in GDP falling 0.7% in 2016. Angola formally abandoned its currency peg in 2009 but reinstituted it in April 2016 and maintains an overvalued exchange rate. In late 2016, Angola lost the last of its correspondent relationships with foreign banks, further exacerbating hard currency problems. Since 2013 the central bank has consistently spent down reserves to defend the kwanza, gradually allowing a 40% depreciation since late 2014. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to less than 9% in 2014, before rising again to above 30% from 2015-2017.   Continued low oil prices, the depreciation of the kwanza, and slower than expected growth in non-oil GDP have reduced growth prospects, although several major international oil companies remain in Angola. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, is a major long-term challenge that poses an additional threat to the economy.Angola's economy is overwhelmingly driven by its oil sector. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 50% of GDP, more than 70% of government revenue, and more than 90% of the country's exports; Angola is an OPEC member and subject to its direction regarding oil production levels. Diamonds contribute an additional 5% to exports. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Some of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war (1975-2002). However, the government since 2005 has used billions of dollars in credit from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to help rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, and as a result, the national military, international partners, and private Angolan firms all continue to remove them. The global recession that started in 2008 stalled Angola’s economic growth and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued billions in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell. Lower prices for oil and diamonds also resulted in GDP falling 0.7% in 2016. Angola formally abandoned its currency peg in 2009 but reinstituted it in April 2016 and maintains an overvalued exchange rate. In late 2016, Angola lost the last of its correspondent relationships with foreign banks, further exacerbating hard currency problems. Since 2013 the central bank has consistently spent down reserves to defend the kwanza, gradually allowing a 40% depreciation since late 2014. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to less than 9% in 2014, before rising again to above 30% from 2015-2017. Continued low oil prices, the depreciation of the kwanza, and slower than expected growth in non-oil GDP have reduced growth prospects, although several major international oil companies remain in Angola. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, is a major long-term challenge that poses an additional threat to the economy.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $203.71 billion (2020 est.)

$212.29 billion (2019 est.)

$213.62 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
Real GDP growth rate: -2.5% (2017 est.)

-2.6% (2016 est.)

0.9% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $6,200 (2020 est.)

$6,700 (2019 est.)

$6,900 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): $97.261 billion (2019 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 17.2% (2019 est.)

20.3% (2018 est.)

32.1% (2017 est.)
Credit ratings: Fitch rating: CCC (2020)

Moody's rating: Caa1 (2020)

Standard & Poors rating: CCC+ (2020)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 10.2% (2011 est.)

industry: 61.4% (2011 est.)

services: 28.4% (2011 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 80.6% (2017 est.)

government consumption: 15.6% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 10.3% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories: -1.2% (2017 est.)

exports of goods and services: 25.4% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services: -30.7% (2017 est.)
Agricultural products: cassava, bananas, maize, sweet potatoes, pineapples, sugar cane, potatoes, citrus fruit, vegetables, cabbage
Industries: petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair
Industrial production growth rate: 2.5% (2017 est.)
Labor force: 12.51 million (2017 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 85%

industry: 15% (2015 est.)

industry and services: 15% (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate: 6.6% (2016 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 17.3%

male: 17.9%

female: 16.7% (2014 est.)
Population below poverty line: 32.3% (2018 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 51.3 (2018 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 0.6%

highest 10%: 44.7% (2000)
Budget: revenues: 37.02 billion (2017 est.)

expenditures: 45.44 billion (2017 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -6.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Public debt: 65% of GDP (2017 est.)

75.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Taxes and other revenues: 29.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Current account balance: -$1.254 billion (2017 est.)

-$4.834 billion (2016 est.)
Exports: $21 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$35.18 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$41.39 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners: China 62%, India 10%, United Arab Emirates 4%, Portugal 3%, Spain 3% (2019)
Exports - commodities: crude petroleum, diamonds, natural gas, refined petroleum, ships (2019)
Imports: $15.12 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$22.3 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$25.89 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners: China 22%, Portugal 15%, Nigeria 6%, Belgium 6%, United States 5%, South Africa 5%, Brazil 5% (2019)
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, scrap vessels, meat, rice, palm oil (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $17.29 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$23.74 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Debt - external: $42.08 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$27.14 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Exchange rates: kwanza (AOA) per US dollar -

172.6 (2017 est.)

163.656 (2016 est.)

163.656 (2015 est.)

120.061 (2014 est.)

98.303 (2013 est.)

Topic: Energy
Electricity access: electrification - total population: 43% (2019)

electrification - urban areas: 61% (2019)

electrification - rural areas: 6% (2019)
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 7.344 million kW (2020 est.)

consumption: 11.815 billion kWh (2019 est.)

exports: 0 kWh (2019 est.)

imports: 0 kWh (2019 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 1.741 billion kWh (2019 est.)
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 28.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

hydroelectricity: 70.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

biomass and waste: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Coal: production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 1,197,600 bbl/day (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 133,400 bbl/day (2019 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate exports: 1,367,400 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves: 7.783 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 53,480 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 30,340 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 111,600 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas: production: 6,767,715,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)

consumption: 860.887 million cubic meters (2019 est.)

exports: 5,877,945,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)

imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

proven reserves: 343.001 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 19.362 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 17.673 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 1.689 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: 11.693 million Btu/person (2019 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 119,164 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2020 est.) less than 1
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 14,645,050 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 45 (2020 est.)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: Angola’s telecom sector in recent years has benefited from political stability, which has encouraged foreign investment in the sector; the government and regulator have also set in train mechanisms to open up the telecom sector to new competitors, with Africell having secured a universal license and in so doing becoming the country’s fourth MNO; following an extensive investment program, the company launched mobile services in April 2022; the MNOs were slow to develop LTE services, instead relying on their GSM and 3G network capabilities; Angola Telecom did not launch LTE services until mid-2018; there has been slow progress in LTE network development, with only a small proportion of the country covered by network infrastructure; some progress  has been made with 5G; the Ministry of Telecommunications in early 2021 set up a 5G hub to assess 5G user cases, while Unitel and the new MNO Africell since mid-2021 have contracted vendors to provide 5G-ready transmission networks; the regulator in November 2021 granted licenses to Africell, Movicel, and Unitel to enable them to offer 5G services; the government has continued to develop telecom infrastructure to help diversify the country’s economy and lessen its dependence on offshore crude oil production; by extending and upgrading telecom networks the government expects businesses to become more efficient and for e-commerce to become a more prominent feature of economic growth; networks will facilitate rural access to education and health care. (2022)

domestic: only about one fixed-line per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 45 telephones per 100 persons (2020)

international: country code - 244; landing points for the SAT-3/WASC, WACS, ACE and SACS fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to other countries in west Africa, Brazil, Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29, Angosat-2 satellite expected by 2021 (2019)

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
Broadcast media: state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half-dozen private radio stations broadcast locally
Internet country code: .ao
Internet users: total: 11,831,857 (2020 est.)

percent of population: 36% (2020 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 230,610 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.7 (2020 est.)

Topic: Transportation
National air transport system: number of registered air carriers: 10 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 55

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,516,628 (2018)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 78.16 million (2018) mt-km
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: D2
Airports: total: 102 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 32

over 3,047 m: 8

2,438 to 3,047 m: 8

1,524 to 2,437 m: 10

914 to 1,523 m: 6 (2021)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 70

over 3,047 m: 2

2,438 to 3,047 m: 2

1,524 to 2,437 m: 17

914 to 1,523 m: 27

under 914 m: 22 (2021)
Heliports: 1 (2021)
Pipelines: 352 km gas, 85 km liquid petroleum gas, 1,065 km oil, 5 km oil/gas/water (2013)
Railways: total: 2,852 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 2,729 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

123 km 0.600-mm gauge
Roadways: total: 26,000 km (2018)

paved: 13,600 km (2018)

unpaved: 12,400 km (2018)
Waterways: 1,300 km (2011)
Merchant marine: total: 54

by type: general cargo 13, oil tanker 8, other 33 (2021)
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe

LNG terminal(s) (export): Angola Soyo

Topic: Military and Security
Military and security forces: Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army); Rapid Reaction Police (paramilitary) (2022)
Military expenditures: 1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

1.7% of GDP (2020 est.)

1.8% of GDP (2019 est.) (approximately $2.7 billion)

2.1% of GDP (2018 est.) (approximately $3.02 billion)

2.6% of GDP (2017 est.) (approximately $3.65 billion)
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 101,000 active troops (95,000 Army; 1,000 Navy; 5,000 Air Force); estimated 10,000 Rapid Reaction Police (2022)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: most Angolan military weapons and equipment are of Russian, Soviet, or Warsaw Pact origin; since 2010, Russia has remained the principle supplier of military hardware to Angola (2021)
Military service age and obligation: 20-45 years of age for compulsory male and 18-45 years for voluntary male military service (registration at age 18 is mandatory); 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service; 2-year conscript service obligation; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy (MGA) is entirely staffed with volunteers (2021)
Military - note: the Angolan Armed Forces were created in 1991 under the Bicesse Accords signed between the Angolan Government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA); the name remained even after UNITA rejected the 1992 election results and returned to fighting against the Angolan Government the Angolan Armed Forces are responsible for external security but also have domestic security responsibilities, including border security, expulsion of irregular migrants, and small-scale actions against groups like the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda separatists in Cabinda (2022)the Angolan Armed Forces were created in 1991 under the Bicesse Accords signed between the Angolan Government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA); the name remained even after UNITA rejected the 1992 election results and returned to fighting against the Angolan Governmentthe Angolan Armed Forces are responsible for external security but also have domestic security responsibilities, including border security, expulsion of irregular migrants, and small-scale actions against groups like the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda separatists in Cabinda
Maritime threats: the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of Angola are a risk for armed robbery against ships; in 2021, four attacks against commercial vessels were reported, a decrease from the six attacks in 2020; most of these occurred in the main port of Luanda while ships were berthed or at anchor

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: Angola-Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): DRC accuses Angola of shifting monuments

Angola-Namibia: none identified

Angola-Republic of Congo: (Kabinda Exclave) none identified

Angola-Zambia: because the straight-line segments along the left bank (Zambian side) of the Cuando/Kwando River do not conform with the physical alignment of the unstable shoreline, Zambian residents in some areas have settled illegally on sections of shoreline that fall on the Angolan side of the boundaryAngola-Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): DRC accuses Angola of shifting monuments

Angola-Namibia: none identified

Angola-Republic of Congo: (Kabinda Exclave) none identified

Angola-Zambia: because the straight-line segments along the left bank (Zambian side) of the Cuando/Kwando River do not conform with the physical alignment of the unstable shoreline, Zambian residents in some areas have settled illegally on sections of shoreline that fall on the Angolan side of the boundary
Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 37,178 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,272 (Guinea), 6,357 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,725 (Mauritania) (2022)
Illicit drugs: used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africaused as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa


This entry provides an area comparison based on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states based on area measurements (1990 revised) provided by the US Bureau of the Census. The smaller entities are compared with Washington, DC (178 sq km, 69 sq mi) or The Mall in Washington, DC (0.59 sq km, 0.23 sq mi, 146 acres).

Topic: Afghanistanalmost six times the size of Virginia; slightly smaller than Texas

Topic: Akrotiriabout 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Albaniaslightly smaller than Maryland

Topic: Algeriaslightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas

Topic: American Samoaslightly larger than Washington, DC

Topic: Andorra2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Angolaabout eight times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Topic: Anguillaabout one-half the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Antarcticaslightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US

Topic: Antigua and Barbuda2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Arctic Oceanslightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US

Topic: Argentinaslightly less than three-tenths the size of the US

Topic: Armeniaslightly smaller than Maryland

Topic: Arubaslightly larger than Washington, DC

Topic: Ashmore and Cartier Islandsabout eight times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC

Topic: Atlantic Oceanabout 7.5 times the size of the US

Topic: Australiaslightly smaller than the US contiguous 48 states

Topic: Austriaabout the size of South Carolina; slightly more than two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania

Topic: Azerbaijanabout three-quarters the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Maine

Topic: Bahamas, Theslightly smaller than Connecticut

Topic: Bahrain3.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Bangladeshslightly larger than Pennsylvania and New Jersey combined; slightly smaller than Iowa

Topic: Barbados2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Belarusslightly less than twice the size of Kentucky; slightly smaller than Kansas

Topic: Belgiumabout the size of Maryland

Topic: Belizeslightly smaller than Massachusetts

Topic: Beninslightly smaller than Pennsylvania

Topic: Bermudaabout one-third the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Bhutanslightly larger than Maryland; about one-half the size of Indiana

Topic: Boliviaslightly less than three times the size of Montana

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovinaslightly smaller than West Virginia

Topic: Botswanaslightly smaller than Texas; almost four times the size of Illinois

Topic: Bouvet Islandabout 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Brazilslightly smaller than the US

Topic: British Indian Ocean Territoryland area is about one-third the size of Washington, DC

Topic: British Virgin Islandsabout 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Bruneislightly smaller than Delaware

Topic: Bulgariaalmost identical in size to Virginia; slightly larger than Tennessee

Topic: Burkina Fasoslightly larger than Colorado

Topic: Burmaslightly smaller than Texas

Topic: Burundislightly smaller than Maryland

Topic: Cabo Verdeslightly larger than Rhode Island

Topic: Cambodiaone and a half times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oklahoma

Topic: Cameroonslightly larger than California; about four times the size of Pennsylvania

Topic: Canadaslightly larger than the US

Topic: Cayman Islands1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Central African Republicslightly smaller than Texas; about four times the size of Georgia

Topic: Chadalmost nine times the size of New York state; slightly more than three times the size of California

Topic: Chileslightly smaller than twice the size of Montana

Topic: Chinaslightly smaller than the US

Topic: Christmas Islandabout three-quarters the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Clipperton Islandabout 12 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Topic: Cocos (Keeling) Islandsabout 24 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Topic: Colombiaslightly less than twice the size of Texas

Topic: Comorosslightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of theslightly less than one-fourth the size of the US

Topic: Congo, Republic of theslightly smaller than Montana; about twice the size of Florida

Topic: Cook Islands1.3 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Coral Sea Islandsabout four times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC

Topic: Costa Ricaslightly smaller than West Virginia

Topic: Cote d'Ivoireslightly larger than New Mexico

Topic: Croatiaslightly smaller than West Virginia

Topic: Cubaslightly smaller than Pennsylvania

Topic: Curacaomore than twice the size of Washington, DCmore than twice the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Cyprusabout 0.6 times the size of Connecticut

Topic: Czechiaabout two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than South Carolina

Topic: Denmarkslightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts; about two-thirds the size of West Virginia

Topic: Dhekeliaabout three-quarters the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Djiboutislightly smaller than New Jersey

Topic: Dominicaslightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Dominican Republicslightly more than twice the size of New Jersey

Topic: Ecuadorslightly smaller than Nevada

Topic: Egyptmore than eight times the size of Ohio; slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico

Topic: El Salvadorabout the same size as New Jersey

Topic: Equatorial Guineaslightly smaller than Maryland

Topic: Eritreaslightly smaller than Pennsylvania

Topic: Estoniaabout twice the size of New Jersey

Topic: Eswatinislightly smaller than New Jersey

Topic: Ethiopiaslightly less than twice the size of Texas

Topic: European Unionless than one-half the size of the US

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)slightly smaller than Connecticut

Topic: Faroe Islandseight times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Fijislightly smaller than New Jersey

Topic: Finlandslightly more than two times the size of Georgia; slightly smaller than Montana

Topic: Franceslightly more than four times the size of Georgia; slightly less than the size of Texas

Topic: French Polynesiaslightly less than one-third the size of Connecticut

Topic: French Southern and Antarctic LandsIle Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): less than one-half the size of Washington, DC; Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): more than 10 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Iles Crozet: about twice the size of Washington, DC; Iles Kerguelen: slightly larger than Delaware; Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): land area about one-third the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Europa Island (Iles Eparses): about one-sixth the size of Washington, DC; Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses): about eight times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): about seven times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): about 1.7 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DCIle Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): less than one-half the size of Washington, DC; Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): more than 10 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Iles Crozet: about twice the size of Washington, DC; Iles Kerguelen: slightly larger than Delaware; Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): land area about one-third the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Europa Island (Iles Eparses): about one-sixth the size of Washington, DC; Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses): about eight times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): about seven times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): about 1.7 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC

Topic: Gabonslightly smaller than Colorado

Topic: Gambia, Theslightly less than twice the size of Delaware

Topic: Gaza Stripslightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Georgiaslightly smaller than South Carolina; slightly larger than West Virginia

Topic: Germanythree times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Montana

Topic: Ghanaslightly smaller than Oregon

Topic: Gibraltarmore than 10 times the size of The National Mall in Washington, D.C.

Topic: Greeceslightly smaller than Alabama

Topic: Greenlandslightly more than three times the size of Texas

Topic: Grenadatwice the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Guamthree times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Guatemalaslightly smaller than Pennsylvania

Topic: Guernseyabout one-half the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Guineaslightly smaller than Oregon; slightly larger than twice the size of Pennsylvania

Topic: Guinea-Bissauslightly less than three times the size of Connecticut

Topic: Guyanaslightly smaller than Idaho; almost twice the size of Tennessee

Topic: Haitislightly smaller than Maryland

Topic: Heard Island and McDonald Islandsslightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Holy See (Vatican City)about 0.7 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC

Topic: Hondurasslightly larger than Tennessee

Topic: Hong Kongsix times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Hungaryslightly smaller than Virginia; about the same size as Indiana

Topic: Icelandslightly smaller than Pennsylvania; about the same size as Kentucky

Topic: Indiaslightly more than one-third the size of the US

Topic: Indian Oceanalmost 7 times the size of the US

Topic: Indonesiaslightly less than three times the size of Texas

Topic: Iranalmost 2.5 times the size of Texas; slightly smaller than Alaska

Topic: Iraqslightly more than three times the size of New York state

Topic: Irelandslightly larger than West Virginia

Topic: Isle of Manslightly more than three times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Israelslightly larger than New Jersey

Topic: Italyalmost twice the size of Georgia; slightly larger than Arizona

Topic: Jamaicaabout half the size of New Jersey; slightly smaller than Connecticut

Topic: Jan Mayenslightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Japanslightly smaller than California

Topic: Jerseyabout two-thirds the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Jordanabout three-quarters the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Indiana

Topic: Kazakhstanslightly less than four times the size of Texas

Topic: Kenyafive times the size of Ohio; slightly more than twice the size of Nevada

Topic: Kiribatifour times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Korea, Northslightly larger than Virginia; slightly smaller than Mississippi

Topic: Korea, Southslightly smaller than Pennsylvania; slightly larger than Indiana

Topic: Kosovoslightly larger than Delaware

Topic: Kuwaitslightly smaller than New Jersey

Topic: Kyrgyzstanslightly smaller than South Dakota

Topic: Laosabout twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly larger than Utah

Topic: Latviaslightly larger than West Virginia

Topic: Lebanonabout one-third the size of Maryland

Topic: Lesothoslightly smaller than Maryland

Topic: Liberiaslightly larger than Virginia

Topic: Libyaabout 2.5 times the size of Texas; slightly larger than Alaska

Topic: Liechtensteinabout 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Lithuaniaslightly larger than West Virginia

Topic: Luxembourgslightly smaller than Rhode Island; about half the size of Delaware

Topic: Macauless than one-sixth the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Madagascaralmost four times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of Arizona

Topic: Malawislightly smaller than Pennsylvania

Topic: Malaysiaslightly larger than New Mexico

Topic: Maldivesabout 1.7 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Malislightly less than twice the size of Texas

Topic: Maltaslightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Marshall Islandsabout the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Mauritaniaslightly larger than three times the size of New Mexico; about six times the size of Florida

Topic: Mauritiusalmost 11 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Mexicoslightly less than three times the size of Texas

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States offour times the size of Washington, DC (land area only)

Topic: Moldovaslightly larger than Maryland

Topic: Monacoabout three times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC

Topic: Mongoliaslightly smaller than Alaska; more than twice the size of Texas

Topic: Montenegroslightly smaller than Connecticut; slightly larger than twice the size of Delaware

Topic: Montserratabout 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Moroccoslightly larger than twice the size of California

Topic: Mozambiqueslightly more than five times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of California

Topic: Namibiaalmost seven times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly more than half the size of Alaska

Topic: Nauruabout 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Navassa Islandabout nine times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC

Topic: Nepalslightly larger than New York state

Topic: Netherlandsslightly less than twice the size of New Jersey

Topic: New Caledoniaslightly smaller than New Jersey

Topic: New Zealandalmost twice the size of North Carolina; about the size of Colorado

Topic: Nicaraguaslightly larger than Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than New York state

Topic: Nigerslightly less than twice the size of Texas

Topic: Nigeriaabout six times the size of Georgia; slightly more than twice the size of California

Topic: Niue1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Norfolk Islandabout 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: North Macedoniaslightly larger than Vermont; almost four times the size of Delaware

Topic: Northern Mariana Islands2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Norwayslightly larger than twice the size of Georgia; slightly larger than New Mexico

Topic: Omantwice the size of Georgia

Topic: Pacific Oceanabout 15 times the size of the US; covers about 28% of the global surface; almost equal to the total land area of the world

Topic: Pakistanslightly more than five times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of California

Topic: Palauslightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Panamaslightly smaller than South Carolina

Topic: Papua New Guineaslightly larger than California

Topic: Paracel Islandsland area is about 13 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC

Topic: Paraguayabout three times the size of New York state; slightly smaller than California

Topic: Perualmost twice the size of Texas; slightly smaller than Alaska

Topic: Philippinesslightly less than twice the size of Georgia; slightly larger than Arizona

Topic: Pitcairn Islandsabout three-tenths the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Polandabout twice the size of Georgia; slightly smaller than New Mexico

Topic: Portugalslightly smaller than Virginia

Topic: Puerto Ricoslightly less than three times the size of Rhode Island

Topic: Qataralmost twice the size of Delaware; slightly smaller than Connecticut

Topic: Romaniatwice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oregon

Topic: Russiaapproximately 1.8 times the size of the US

Topic: Rwandaslightly smaller than Maryland

Topic: Saint Barthelemyless than one-eighth the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunhaslightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevis1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Saint Luciathree and a half times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Saint Martinmore than one-third the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Saint Pierre and Miquelonone and half times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadinestwice the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Samoaslightly smaller than Rhode Island

Topic: San Marinoabout one-third the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Sao Tome and Principemore than five times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Saudi Arabiaslightly more than one-fifth the size of the US

Topic: Senegalslightly smaller than South Dakota; slightly larger than twice the size of Indiana

Topic: Serbiaslightly smaller than South Carolina

Topic: Seychelles2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Sierra Leoneslightly smaller than South Carolina

Topic: Singaporeslightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Sint Maartenone-fifth the size of Washington, DCone-fifth the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Slovakiaabout one and a half times the size of Maryland; about twice the size of New Hampshire

Topic: Sloveniaslightly smaller than New Jersey

Topic: Solomon Islandsslightly smaller than Maryland

Topic: Somaliaalmost five times the size of Alabama; slightly smaller than Texas

Topic: South Africaslightly less than twice the size of Texas

Topic: South Georgia and South Sandwich Islandsslightly larger than Rhode Island

Topic: South Sudanmore than four times the size of Georgia; slightly smaller than Texas

Topic: Southern Oceanslightly more than twice the size of the US

Topic: Spainalmost five times the size of Kentucky; slightly more than twice the size of Oregon

Topic: Spratly Islandsland area is about seven times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC

Topic: Sri Lankaslightly larger than West Virginia

Topic: Sudanslightly less than one-fifth the size of the US

Topic: Surinameslightly larger than Georgia

Topic: Svalbardslightly smaller than West Virginia

Topic: Swedenalmost three times the size of Georgia; slightly larger than California

Topic: Switzerlandslightly less than twice the size of New Jersey

Topic: Syriaslightly more than 1.5 times the size of Pennsylvania

Topic: Taiwanslightly smaller than Maryland and Delaware combined

Topic: Tajikistanslightly smaller than Wisconsin

Topic: Tanzaniamore than six times the size of Georgia; slightly larger than twice the size of California

Topic: Thailandabout three times the size of Florida; slightly more than twice the size of Wyoming

Topic: Timor-Lesteslightly larger than Connecticut; almost half the size of Maryland

Topic: Togoslightly smaller than West Virginia

Topic: Tokelauabout 17 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC

Topic: Tongafour times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Trinidad and Tobagoslightly smaller than Delaware

Topic: Tunisiaslightly larger than Georgia

Topic: Turkeyslightly larger than Texas

Topic: Turkmenistanslightly more than three times the size of Georgia; slightly larger than California

Topic: Turks and Caicos Islands2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Tuvalu0.1 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Ugandaslightly more than two times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oregon

Topic: Ukrainealmost four times the size of Georgia; slightly smaller than Texas

Topic: United Arab Emiratesslightly larger than South Carolina; slightly smaller than Maine

Topic: United Kingdomtwice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oregon

Topic: United Statesabout half the size of Russia; about three-tenths the size of Africa; about half the size of South America (or slightly larger than Brazil); slightly larger than China; more than twice the size of the European Union

Topic: United States Pacific Island Wildlife RefugesBaker Island: about 2.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Howland Island: about three times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Jarvis Island: about eight times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Johnston Atoll: about 4.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Kingman Reef: a little more than 1.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Midway Islands: about nine times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Palmyra Atoll: about 20 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DCBaker Island: about 2.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Howland Island: about three times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Jarvis Island: about eight times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Johnston Atoll: about 4.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Kingman Reef: a little more than 1.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Midway Islands: about nine times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Palmyra Atoll: about 20 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC

Topic: Uruguayabout the size of Virginia and West Virginia combined; slightly smaller than the state of Washington

Topic: Uzbekistanabout four times the size of Virginia; slightly larger than California

Topic: Vanuatuslightly larger than Connecticut

Topic: Venezuelaalmost six times the size of Georgia; slightly more than twice the size of California

Topic: Vietnamabout three times the size of Tennessee; slightly larger than New Mexico

Topic: Virgin Islandstwice the size of Washington, DC

Topic: Wake Islandabout 11 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC

Topic: Wallis and Futuna1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Topic: West Bankslightly smaller than Delaware

Topic: Worldland area about 16 times the size of the USland area about 16 times the size of the US

Topic: Yemenalmost four times the size of Alabama; slightly larger than twice the size of Wyoming

Topic: Zambiaalmost five times the size of Georgia; slightly larger than Texas

Topic: Zimbabweabout four times the size of Indiana; slightly larger than Montana