This entry gives an estimate of the number of adults and children who died of AIDS during a given calendar year.

Topic: Afghanistan(2020 est.) <1,000

Topic: AkrotiriNA

Topic: Albania(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Algeria(2020 est.) <200

Topic: American SamoaNA

Topic: AndorraNA

Topic: Angola16,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: AnguillaNA

Topic: Antigua and Barbuda(2018) <100

Topic: Argentina1,400 (2020 est.)

Topic: Armenia(2020 est.) <100

Topic: ArubaNA

Topic: Ashmore and Cartier IslandsNA

Topic: Australia(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Austria(2017 est.) <100

Topic: Azerbaijan(2020 est.) <200

Topic: Bahamas, The(2018) <200

Topic: Bahrain(2017 est.) <100

Topic: Bangladesh(2018 est.) <1000

Topic: Barbados(2019 est.) <100

Topic: Belarus(2020 est.) <200

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: BelgiumNA

Topic: Belize(2020 est.) <200

Topic: Benin2,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: BermudaNA

Topic: Bhutan(2020) <100

Topic: Bolivia(2020 est.) <200

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovina(2018) <100

Topic: Botswana5,100 (2020 est.)

Topic: Bouvet IslandNA

Topic: Brazil13,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: British Indian Ocean TerritoryNA

Topic: British Virgin IslandsNA

Topic: BruneiNA

Topic: Bulgaria(2019 est.) <100

Topic: Burkina Faso3,300 (2020 est.)

Topic: Burma7,700 (2019 est.)

Topic: Burundi1,700 (2020 est.)

Topic: Cabo Verde(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Cambodia1,200 (2020 est.)

Topic: Cameroon14,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: CanadaNA

Topic: Cayman IslandsNA

Topic: Central African Republic3,200 (2020 est.)

Topic: Chad3,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Chile(2018) <1,000

Topic: ChinaNA

Topic: Christmas IslandNA

Topic: Clipperton IslandNA

Topic: Cocos (Keeling) IslandsNA

Topic: Colombia3,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Comoros(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of the17,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Congo, Republic of the6,100 (2020 est.)

Topic: Cook IslandsNA

Topic: Coral Sea IslandsNA

Topic: Costa Rica(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Cote d'Ivoire13,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Croatia(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Cuba(2020 est.) <500

Topic: CuracaoNA

Topic: Cyprus(2017 est.) <100

Topic: Czechia(2018 est.) <100

Topic: Denmark(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: DhekeliaNA

Topic: Djibouti(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Dominica(2018) <100

Topic: Dominican Republic1,900 (2020 est.)

Topic: Ecuador(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Egypt(2020 est.) <500

Topic: El Salvador(2020 est.) <1000

Topic: Equatorial Guinea2,300 (2020 est.)

Topic: Eritrea(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Estonia(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Eswatini2,400 (2020 est.)

Topic: Ethiopia13,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: European Unionnote: see individual entries of member states

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)NA

Topic: Faroe IslandsNA

Topic: Fiji(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Finland(2018) <100

Topic: France(2019 est.) <500

Topic: French PolynesiaNA

Topic: French Southern and Antarctic LandsNA

Topic: Gabon(2020 est.) <1000

Topic: Gambia, The1,300 (2020 est.)

Topic: Gaza StripNA

Topic: Georgia(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Germany(2020 est.) <500

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Ghana13,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: GibraltarNA

Topic: Greece(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: GreenlandNA

Topic: Grenada(2018) <100

Topic: GuamNA

Topic: Guatemala(2020 est.) <1,000

Topic: GuernseyNA

Topic: Guinea3,300 (2020 est.)

Topic: Guinea-Bissau1,500 (2020 est.)

Topic: Guyana(2020 est.) <200

Topic: Haiti2,200 (2020 est.)

Topic: Heard Island and McDonald IslandsNA

Topic: Holy See (Vatican City)NA

Topic: Honduras(2020 est.) <1000

Topic: Hong KongNA

Topic: Hungary(2018 est.) <100

Topic: Iceland(2020) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: India69,000 (2017 est.)

Topic: Indonesia24,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Iran3,200 (2020 est.)

Topic: IraqNA

Topic: Ireland(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Isle of ManNA

Topic: Israel(2018) <100

Topic: Italy(2020 est.) <1000

Topic: Jamaica(2020 est.) <1,000

Topic: Jan MayenNA

Topic: Japan(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: JerseyNA

Topic: Jordan(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Kazakhstan(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Kenya29,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: KiribatiNA

Topic: Korea, NorthNA

Topic: Korea, SouthNA

Topic: KosovoNA

Topic: Kuwait(2018 est.) <100

Topic: Kyrgyzstan(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Laos(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Latvia(2019 est.) <100

Topic: Lebanon(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Lesotho4,700 (2020 est.)

Topic: Liberia1,300 (2020 est.)

Topic: Libya(2020) <100

Topic: LiechtensteinNA

Topic: Lithuania(2019 est.) <100

Topic: Luxembourg(2018 est.) <100

Topic: MacauNA

Topic: Madagascar1,800 (2020 est.)

Topic: Malawi12,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Malaysia2,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: MaldivesNA

Topic: Mali4,600 (2020 est.)

Topic: Malta(2016 est.) <100

Topic: Marshall IslandsNA

Topic: Mauritania(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Mauritius(2020) <1000

Topic: Mexico4,300 (2020 est.)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States ofNA

Topic: Moldova(2020 est.) <500

Topic: MonacoNA

Topic: Mongolia(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Montenegro(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: MontserratNA

Topic: Morocco(2020 est.) <500

note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara

Topic: Mozambique38,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Namibia3,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: NauruNA

Topic: Navassa IslandNA

Topic: Nepal(2020 est.) <1000

Topic: Netherlands(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: New CaledoniaNA

Topic: New Zealand(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Nicaragua(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Niger1,100 (2020 est.)

Topic: Nigeria49,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: NiueNA

Topic: Norfolk IslandNA

Topic: North Macedonia300 (2018 est.)

Topic: Northern Mariana IslandsNA

Topic: Norway(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Oman(2019) <100

Topic: Pakistan8,200 (2020 est.)

Topic: PalauNA

Topic: Panama(2020 est.) <500

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Papua New Guinea(2020 est.) <500

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Paracel IslandsNA

Topic: Paraguay(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Peru(2020 est.) <1000

Topic: Philippines1,600 (2020 est.) <1,000

Topic: Pitcairn IslandsNA

Topic: PolandNA

Topic: Portugal(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Puerto RicoNA

Topic: Qatar(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Romania(2020 est.) <500

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: RussiaNA

Topic: Rwanda2,500 (2020 est.)

Topic: Saint BarthelemyNA

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da CunhaNA

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevis(2018) <100

Topic: Saint Lucia(2018) <100

Topic: Saint MartinNA

Topic: Saint Pierre and MiquelonNA

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines(2018) <100

Topic: SamoaNA

Topic: San MarinoNA

Topic: Sao Tome and Principe(2020) <100

Topic: Saudi Arabia(2020 est.) <200

Topic: Senegal1,100 (2020 est.)

Topic: Serbia(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: SeychellesNA

Topic: Sierra Leone3,200 (2020 est.)

Topic: Singapore(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Sint MaartenNA

Topic: Slovakia(2018 est.) <100

Topic: Slovenia(2018 est.) <100

Topic: Solomon IslandsNA

Topic: Somalia(2020 est.) <500

Topic: South Africa83,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: South Georgia and South Sandwich IslandsNA

Topic: South Sudan8,900 (2020 est.)

Topic: Spain(2020) <1,000

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Spratly IslandsNA

Topic: Sri Lanka(2020 est.) <200

Topic: Sudan2,300 (2020 est.)

Topic: Suriname(2020 est.) <200

Topic: SvalbardNA

Topic: SwedenNA

Topic: Switzerland(2020) <200

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Syria(2020) <100

Topic: TaiwanNA

Topic: Tajikistan(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Tanzania32,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Thailand12,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Timor-Leste(2020) <100

Topic: Togo3,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: TokelauNA

Topic: TongaNA

Topic: Trinidad and Tobago(2020 est.) <200

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Tunisia(2020 est.) <200

Topic: Turkey (Turkiye)NA

Topic: TurkmenistanNA

Topic: Turks and Caicos IslandsNA

Topic: TuvaluNA

Topic: Uganda22,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Ukraine3,100 (2020 est.)

Topic: United Arab Emirates100 (2020) <100

Topic: United KingdomNA

Topic: United StatesNA

Topic: United States Pacific Island Wildlife RefugesNA

Topic: Uruguay(2020 est.) <200

Topic: Uzbekistan(2020 est.) <1,000

Topic: VanuatuNA

Topic: Venezuela4,200 (2020 est.)

Topic: Vietnam3,800 (2020 est.)

Topic: Virgin IslandsNA

Topic: Wake IslandNA

Topic: Wallis and FutunaNA

Topic: West BankNA

Topic: World680,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Yemen(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Zambia24,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Zimbabwe22,000 (2020 est.)


Topic: Photos of Maldives

Topic: Introduction
Background: A sultanate since the 12th century, the Maldives became a British protectorate in 1887. The islands became a republic in 1968, three years after independence. President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM dominated Maldives' political scene for 30 years, elected to six successive terms by single-party referendums. Following political demonstrations in the capital Male in August 2003, GAYOOM and his government pledged to embark upon a process of liberalization and democratic reforms, including a more representative political system and expanded political freedoms. Political parties were legalized in 2005. In June 2008, a constituent assembly - termed the "Special Majlis" - finalized a new constitution ratified by GAYOOM in August 2008. The first-ever presidential elections under a multi-candidate, multi-party system were held in October 2008. GAYOOM was defeated in a runoff poll by Mohamed NASHEED, a political activist who had been jailed several years earlier by the GAYOOM regime. In early February 2012, after several weeks of street protests in response to his ordering the arrest of a top judge, NASHEED purportedly resigned the presidency and handed over power to Vice President Mohammed WAHEED Hassan Maniku. A government-appointed Commission of National Inquiry concluded there was no evidence of a coup, but NASHEED contends that police and military personnel forced him to resign. NASHEED, WAHEED, and Abdulla YAMEEN Abdul Gayoom ran in the 2013 elections with YAMEEN ultimately winning the presidency after three rounds of voting. As president, YAMEEN weakened democratic institutions, curtailed civil liberties, jailed his political opponents, restricted the press, and exerted control over the judiciary to strengthen his hold on power and limit dissent. In September 2018, YAMEEN lost his reelection bid to Ibrahim Mohamed SOLIH, a parliamentarian of the Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP), who had the support of a coalition of four parties that came together to defeat YAMEEN and restore democratic norms to Maldives. In April 2019, SOLIH's MDP won 65 of 87 seats in parliament.A sultanate since the 12th century, the Maldives became a British protectorate in 1887. The islands became a republic in 1968, three years after independence. President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM dominated Maldives' political scene for 30 years, elected to six successive terms by single-party referendums. Following political demonstrations in the capital Male in August 2003, GAYOOM and his government pledged to embark upon a process of liberalization and democratic reforms, including a more representative political system and expanded political freedoms. Political parties were legalized in 2005.In June 2008, a constituent assembly - termed the "Special Majlis" - finalized a new constitution ratified by GAYOOM in August 2008. The first-ever presidential elections under a multi-candidate, multi-party system were held in October 2008. GAYOOM was defeated in a runoff poll by Mohamed NASHEED, a political activist who had been jailed several years earlier by the GAYOOM regime. In early February 2012, after several weeks of street protests in response to his ordering the arrest of a top judge, NASHEED purportedly resigned the presidency and handed over power to Vice President Mohammed WAHEED Hassan Maniku. A government-appointed Commission of National Inquiry concluded there was no evidence of a coup, but NASHEED contends that police and military personnel forced him to resign. NASHEED, WAHEED, and Abdulla YAMEEN Abdul Gayoom ran in the 2013 elections with YAMEEN ultimately winning the presidency after three rounds of voting. As president, YAMEEN weakened democratic institutions, curtailed civil liberties, jailed his political opponents, restricted the press, and exerted control over the judiciary to strengthen his hold on power and limit dissent. In September 2018, YAMEEN lost his reelection bid to Ibrahim Mohamed SOLIH, a parliamentarian of the Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP), who had the support of a coalition of four parties that came together to defeat YAMEEN and restore democratic norms to Maldives. In April 2019, SOLIH's MDP won 65 of 87 seats in parliament.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India
Geographic coordinates: 3 15 N, 73 00 E
Map references: Asia
Area: total: 298 sq km

land: 298 sq km

water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: about 1.7 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: total: 0 km
Coastline: 644 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)
Terrain: flat, with white sandy beaches
Elevation: highest point: 8th tee, golf course, Villingi Island 5 m

lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m

mean elevation: 2 m
Natural resources: fish
Land use: agricultural land: 23.3% (2018 est.)

arable land: 10% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 10% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 3.3% (2018 est.)

forest: 3% (2018 est.)

other: 73.7% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 0 sq km (2012)
Population distribution: about a third of the population lives in the centrally located capital city of Male and almost a tenth in southern Addu City; the remainder of the populace is spread over the 200 or so populated islands of the archipelago
Natural hazards: tsunamis; low elevation of islands makes them sensitive to sea level rise
Geography - note: smallest Asian country; archipelago of 1,190 coral islands grouped into 26 atolls (200 inhabited islands, plus 80 islands with tourist resorts); strategic location astride and along major sea lanes in Indian Ocean
Map description: Madives map showing this archipelagic country in the Indian Ocean.  Madives map showing this archipelagic country in the Indian Ocean.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 390,164 (2022 est.)
Nationality: noun: Maldivian(s)

adjective: Maldivian
Ethnic groups: homogeneous mixture of Sinhalese, Dravidian, Arab, Australasian, and African resulting from historical changes in regional hegemony over marine trade routes
Languages: Dhivehi (official, dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English (spoken by most government officials)
Religions: Sunni Muslim (official)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 22.13% (male 44,260/female 42,477)

15-24 years: 17.24% (male 37,826/female 29,745)

25-54 years: 48.91% (male 104,217/female 87,465)

55-64 years: 6.91% (male 12,942/female 14,123)

65 years and over: 4.81% (2020 est.) (male 8,417/female 10,432)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 30.2

youth dependency ratio: 25.5

elderly dependency ratio: 4.7

potential support ratio: 21.4 (2020 est.)
Median age: total: 29.5 years

male: 29.2 years

female: 30 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: -0.14% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 15.54 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 4.15 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: -12.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution: about a third of the population lives in the centrally located capital city of Male and almost a tenth in southern Addu City; the remainder of the populace is spread over the 200 or so populated islands of the archipelago
Urbanization: urban population: 41.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population: 177,000 MALE (capital) (2018)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.2 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.11 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female

total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 23.2 years (2016/17 est.)

note: median age at first birth among women 25-49
Maternal mortality ratio: 53 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 25.7 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 28.76 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 22.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.94 years

male: 74.57 years

female: 79.42 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.71 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: 18.8% (2016/17)
Drinking water source: improved: urban: 99% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 99.6% of population

unimproved: urban: 1% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0.4% of population (2020 est.)
Current Health Expenditure: 8% (2019)
Physicians density: 2.05 physicians/1,000 population (2019)
Hospital bed density: 4.3 beds/1,000 population
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 99.1% of population

total: 99.5% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0.9% of population

total: 0.5% of population (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 8.6% (2016)
Tobacco use: total: 25.2% (2020 est.)

male: 44.4% (2020 est.)

female: 6% (2020 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 14.8% (2016/17)
Child marriage: women married by age 15: 0%

women married by age 18: 2.2%

men married by age 18: 2.2% (2017 est.)
Education expenditures: 4.1% of GDP (2019 est.)
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 97.7%

male: 97.3%

female: 98.1% (2016)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 13 years

male: 12 years

female: 14 years (2019)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 15.5%

male: 18.5%

female: 11.7% (2019 est.)

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: depletion of freshwater aquifers threatens water supplies; inadequate sewage treatment; coral reef bleaching
Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Air pollutants: particulate matter emissions: 7.63 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 1.44 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 0.14 megatons (2020 est.)
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)
Land use: agricultural land: 23.3% (2018 est.)

arable land: 10% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 10% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 3.3% (2018 est.)

forest: 3% (2018 est.)

other: 73.7% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 41.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Revenue from forest resources: forest revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Revenue from coal: coal revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 211,506 tons (2015 est.)
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 5.6 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

industrial: 300,000 cubic meters (2017 est.)

agricultural: 0 cubic meters (2017 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 30 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Maldives

conventional short form: Maldives

local long form: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa

local short form: Dhivehi Raajje

etymology: archipelago apparently named after the main island (and capital) of Male; the word "Maldives" means "the islands (dives) of Male"; alternatively, the name may derive from the Sanskrit word "maladvipa" meaning "garland of islands"; Dhivehi Raajje in Dhivehi means "Kingdom of the Dhivehi people"
Government type: presidential republic
Capital: name: Male

geographic coordinates: 4 10 N, 73 30 E

time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: derived from the Sanskrit word "mahaalay" meaning "big house"
Administrative divisions: 21 administrative atolls (atholhuthah, singular - atholhu); Addu (Addu City), Ariatholhu Dhekunuburi (South Ari Atoll), Ariatholhu Uthuruburi (North Ari Atoll), Faadhippolhu, Felidhuatholhu (Felidhu Atoll), Fuvammulah, Hahdhunmathi, Huvadhuatholhu Dhekunuburi (South Huvadhu Atoll), Huvadhuatholhu Uthuruburi (North Huvadhu Atoll), Kolhumadulu, Maale (Male), Maaleatholhu (Male Atoll), Maalhosmadulu Dhekunuburi (South Maalhosmadulu), Maalhosmadulu Uthuruburi (North Maalhosmadulu), Miladhunmadulu Dhekunuburi (South Miladhunmadulu), Miladhunmadulu Uthuruburi (North Miladhunmadulu), Mulakatholhu (Mulaku Atoll), Nilandheatholhu Dhekunuburi (South Nilandhe Atoll), Nilandheatholhu Uthuruburi (North Nilandhe Atoll), Thiladhunmathee Dhekunuburi (South Thiladhunmathi), Thiladhunmathee Uthuruburi (North Thiladhunmathi)
Independence: 26 July 1965 (from the UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 26 July (1965)
Constitution: history: many previous; latest ratified 7 August 2008

amendments: proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote by its membership and the signature of the president of the republic; passage of amendments to constitutional articles on rights and freedoms and the terms of office of Parliament and of the president also requires a majority vote in a referendum; amended 2015
Legal system: Islamic (sharia) legal system with English common law influences, primarily in commercial matters
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Maldives

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: unknown
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President Ibrahim "Ibu" Mohamed SOLIH (since 17 November 2018); Vice President Faisal NASEEM (since 17 November 2018); the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Ibrahim "Ibu" Mohamed SOLIH (since 17 November 2018); Vice President Faisal NASEEM (since 17 November 2018)

cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by Parliament

elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 September 2018 (next to be held in 2023)

election results: Ibrahim Mohamed SOLIH elected president (in 1 round); Ibrahim Mohamed SOLIH (MDP) 58.3%, Abdulla YAMEEN Abdul Gayoom (PPM) 41.7%
Legislative branch: description: unicameral Parliament or People's Majlis (87 seats - includes 2 seats added by the Elections Commission in late 2018; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)

elections: last held on 6 April 2019 (next to be held in 2023)

election results: percent of vote - MDP 44.7%, JP 10.8%, PPM 8.7%, PNC 6.4%, MDA 2.8%, other 5.6%, independent 21%; seats by party - MDP 65, JP 5, PPM 5, PNC 3, MDA 2, independent 7; composition - men 83, women 4, percent of women 4.6%
Judicial branch: highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 6 justices

judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president in consultation with the Judicial Service Commission - a 10-member body of selected high government officials and the public - and upon confirmation by voting members of the People's Majlis; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 70

subordinate courts: High Court; Criminal, Civil, Family, Juvenile, and Drug Courts; Magistrate Courts (on each of the inhabited islands)
Political parties and leaders: Adhaalath (Justice) Party or AP [Sheikh Imran ABDULLA]
Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party or DRP [Abdulla JABIR]
Maldives Development Alliance or MDA [Ahmed Shiyam MOHAMED]
Maldivian Democratic Party or MDP [Mohamed NASHEED]
Maldives Labor and Social Democratic Party or MLSDP [Ahmed SHIHAM]
Maldives Thirdway Democrats or MTD [Ahmed ADEEB]
Maumoon/Maldives Reform Movement or MRM [Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM]
National Democratic Congress [Yousuf Maaniu] (formed in 2020)
People's National Congress or PNC [Abdul Raheem ABDULLA] (formed in early 2019)
Progressive Party of Maldives or PPM
Republican (Jumhooree) Party or JP [Qasim IBRAHIM] (2020)Adhaalath (Justice) Party or AP [Sheikh Imran ABDULLA]
Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party or DRP [Abdulla JABIR]
Maldives Development Alliance or MDA [Ahmed Shiyam MOHAMED]
Maldivian Democratic Party or MDP [Mohamed NASHEED]
Maldives Labor and Social Democratic Party or MLSDP [Ahmed SHIHAM]
Maldives Thirdway Democrats or MTD [Ahmed ADEEB]
Maumoon/Maldives Reform Movement or MRM [Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM]
National Democratic Congress [Yousuf Maaniu] (formed in 2020)
People's National Congress or PNC [Abdul Raheem ABDULLA] (formed in early 2019)
Progressive Party of Maldives or PPM
Republican (Jumhooree) Party or JP [Qasim IBRAHIM]
International organization participation: ADB, AOSIS, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Maldives has no embassy in the US, but its Permanent Representative to the UN in New York, Thilmeeza HUSSAIN  (since 8 July 2019), is accredited to the US and serves as ambassador

chancery: 801 Second Avenue, Suite 202E, New York, NY 10017

telephone: [1] (212) 599-6194; [1] (212) 599-6195

FAX: [1] (212) 661-6405

email address and website:
info@maldivesmission.com

http://www.maldivesmission.com/Maldives has no embassy in the US, but its Permanent Representative to the UN in New York, Thilmeeza HUSSAIN  (since 8 July 2019), is accredited to the US and serves as ambassador
Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: the US does not have an embassy in Maldives; the US is in the process of opening an embassy in Maldives; as of March 2022, there is no US Ambassador to Maldives; until late 2021, the US Ambassador to Sri Lanka was also accredited to the Maldives
Flag description: red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a vertical white crescent moon; the closed side of the crescent is on the hoist side of the flag; red recalls those who have sacrificed their lives in defense of their country, the green rectangle represents peace and prosperity, and the white crescent signifies Islam
National symbol(s): coconut palm, yellowfin tuna; national colors: red, green, white
National anthem: name: "Gaumee Salaam" (National Salute)

lyrics/music: Mohamed Jameel DIDI/Wannakuwattawaduge DON AMARADEVA

note: lyrics adopted 1948, music adopted 1972; between 1948 and 1972, the lyrics were sung to the tune of "Auld Lang Syne"

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: Maldives has quickly become a middle-income country, driven by the rapid growth of its tourism and fisheries sectors, but the country still contends with a large and growing fiscal deficit. Infrastructure projects, largely funded by China, could add significantly to debt levels. Political turmoil and the declaration of a state of emergency in February 2018 led to the issuance of travel warnings by several countries whose citizens visit Maldives in significant numbers, but the overall impact on tourism revenue was unclear.   In 2015, Maldives’ Parliament passed a constitutional amendment legalizing foreign ownership of land; foreign land-buyers must reclaim at least 70% of the desired land from the ocean and invest at least $1 billion in a construction project approved by Parliament.   Diversifying the economy beyond tourism and fishing, reforming public finance, increasing employment opportunities, and combating corruption, cronyism, and a growing drug problem are near-term challenges facing the government. Over the longer term, Maldivian authorities worry about the impact of erosion and possible global warming on their low-lying country; 80% of the area is 1 meter or less above sea level.Maldives has quickly become a middle-income country, driven by the rapid growth of its tourism and fisheries sectors, but the country still contends with a large and growing fiscal deficit. Infrastructure projects, largely funded by China, could add significantly to debt levels. Political turmoil and the declaration of a state of emergency in February 2018 led to the issuance of travel warnings by several countries whose citizens visit Maldives in significant numbers, but the overall impact on tourism revenue was unclear. In 2015, Maldives’ Parliament passed a constitutional amendment legalizing foreign ownership of land; foreign land-buyers must reclaim at least 70% of the desired land from the ocean and invest at least $1 billion in a construction project approved by Parliament. Diversifying the economy beyond tourism and fishing, reforming public finance, increasing employment opportunities, and combating corruption, cronyism, and a growing drug problem are near-term challenges facing the government. Over the longer term, Maldivian authorities worry about the impact of erosion and possible global warming on their low-lying country; 80% of the area is 1 meter or less above sea level.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $7.05 billion (2020 est.)

$10.37 billion (2019 est.)

$9.69 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
Real GDP growth rate: 4.8% (2017 est.)

4.5% (2016 est.)

2.2% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $13,000 (2020 est.)

$19,500 (2019 est.)

$18,800 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): $4.505 billion (2017 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.3% (2017 est.)

0.8% (2016 est.)
Credit ratings: Fitch rating: CCC (2020)

Moody's rating: B3 (2020)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 3% (2015 est.)

industry: 16% (2015 est.)

services: 81% (2015 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: (2016 est.) NA

government consumption: (2016 est.) NA

investment in fixed capital: (2016 est.) NA

investment in inventories: (2016 est.) NA

exports of goods and services: 93.6% (2016 est.)

imports of goods and services: 89% (2016 est.)
Agricultural products: papayas, vegetables, roots/tubers nes, nuts, fruit, other meat, tomatoes, coconuts, bananas, maize
Industries: tourism, fish processing, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining
Industrial production growth rate: 14% (2012 est.)
Labor force: 222,200 (2017 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 7.7%

industry: 22.8%

services: 69.5% (2017 est.)
Unemployment rate: 2.9% (2017 est.)

3.2% (2016 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 15.5%

male: 18.5%

female: 11.7% (2019 est.)
Population below poverty line: 8.2% (2016 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 31.3 (2016 est.)

37.4 (2004 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 1.2%

highest 10%: 33.3% (FY09/10)
Budget: revenues: 1.19 billion (2016 est.)

expenditures: 1.643 billion (2016 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -10.1% (of GDP) (2016 est.)
Public debt: 63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

61.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Taxes and other revenues: 26.4% (of GDP) (2016 est.)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Current account balance: -$876 million (2017 est.)

-$1.033 billion (2016 est.)
Exports: $3.72 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$3.58 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners: Thailand 24%, United States 13%, China 12%, France 11%, Germany 11%, Italy 5%, United Kingdom 5% (2019)
Exports - commodities: fish products, natural gas, scrap iron, jewelry, liquid pumps (2019)
Imports: $4.09 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$4.1 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners: United Arab Emirates 24%, China 16%, Singapore 14%, India 11%, Malaysia 6%, Thailand 5% (2019)
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, fruits, furniture, broadcasting equipment, lumber (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $477.9 million (31 December 2016 est.)

$575.8 million (31 December 2015 est.)
Debt - external: $848.8 million (31 December 2016 est.)

$696.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)
Exchange rates: rufiyaa (MVR) per US dollar -

15.42 (2017 est.)

15.35 (2016 est.)

Topic: Energy
Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2020)
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 545,000 kW (2020 est.)

consumption: 586.5 million kWh (2019 est.)

exports: 0 kWh (2020 est.)

imports: 0 kWh (2020 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 21 million kWh (2019 est.)
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 99.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

solar: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

wind: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

hydroelectricity: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Coal: production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 15,300 bbl/day (2019 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 10,840 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas: production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 2.286 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 2.286 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: 59.69 million Btu/person (2019 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 14,508 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2020 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 717,708 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 133 (2020 est.)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: with its economy so heavily dependent on tourism, the Maldives has suffered heavy economic as well as health casualties during the pandemic; the country had a relatively short period of lock down and was willing to welcome visitors back as early as July 2020; but the effective shutdown of international air travel for most of the year resulted in the bottom falling out of the Maldives’ tourism industry, taking GDP down 32% in the process; the economy fared better in 2021, with a return to growth, yet it may still be a few years before the country’s key industries can return to the same level of prosperity that they previously enjoyed; the Maldives’ telecoms market is experiencing a similar level of pain because of the pandemic, due to being overweight in the mobile segment; that is because, historically, the country’s high number of tourists and expatriate workers has inflated the penetration rate for mobile services, making it one of the highest in the world; that rate crashed in 2020 as demand for SIM cards (primarily prepaid) dried up; however, the number of contract subscribers increased as locals took advantage of competitive pricing offers from operators; everything now rests on a fast return to normality, with tourists helping to boost the nation’s coffers as well as buying up those prepaid SIM cards; with commercial 5G services already launched and fiber networks rapidly expanding around the country, the Maldives is primed to deliver world-class telecommunications services to its domestic and international customers. (2021)

domestic: fixed-line is at nearly 3 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular subscriptions stands at nearly 133 per 100 persons (2020)

international: country code - 960; landing points for Dhiraagu Cable Network, NaSCOM, Dhiraagu-SLT Submarine Cable Networks and WARF submarine cables providing connections to 8 points in Maldives, India, and Sri Lanka; satellite earth station - 3 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2019)

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
Broadcast media: state-owned radio and TV monopoly until recently; 4 state-operated and 7 privately owned TV stations and 4 state-operated and 7 privately owned radio stations (2019)
Internet country code: .mv
Internet users: total: 340,542 (2020 est.)

percent of population: 63% (2020 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 63,685 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2020 est.)

Topic: Transportation
National air transport system: number of registered air carriers: 3 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 36

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,147,247 (2018)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 7.75 million (2018)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 8Q
Airports: total: 9 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 7

over 3,047 m: 1

2,438 to 3,047 m: 1

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2021)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 2

914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2021)
Roadways: total: 93 km (2018)

paved: 93 km (2018) - 60 km in Malée; 16 km on Addu Atolis; 17 km on Laamu

note: island roads are mainly compacted coral
Merchant marine: total: 68

by type: general cargo 21, oil tanker 19, other 28 (2021)
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Male

Topic: Military and Security
Military and security forces: the Republic of Maldives has no distinct army, navy, or air force but a single security unit called the Maldives National Defense Force (MNDF) comprised of ground forces, an air element, a coastguard, a presidential security division, and a special protection group (2022)
Military expenditures: not available
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 2,500 personnel (2022)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: India has provided most of the equipment in the MNDF's inventory (2022)
Military service age and obligation: 18-28 years of age for voluntary service; no conscription; 10th grade or equivalent education required; must not be a member of a political party (2022)
Military - note: the MNDF is primarily tasked to reinforce the Maldives Police Service (MPS) and ensure security in the country's exclusive economic zone (2022)

Topic: Terrorism
Terrorist group(s): Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: none identifiednone identified
Trafficking in persons: current situation: Maldives is a destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking and a source country for Maldivian children subjected to human trafficking within the country; Bangladeshi and Indian migrants working both legally and illegally in the construction and service sectors face conditions of forced labor, including fraudulent recruitment, confiscation of identity and travel documents, nonpayment of wages, and debt bondage; a small number of women from Sri Lanka, Thailand, India, China, the Philippines, Bangladesh, Eastern Europe, and former Soviet states are trafficked to Maldives for sexual exploitation; some Maldivian children are transported to the capital for forced domestic service, where they may also be sexually abused

tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — Maldives does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; efforts included convicting two individuals for trafficking-related offenses, convening the National Anti-Trafficking Steering Committee for the first time in two years; drafting and finalizing a 2020-2022 national action plan; however, efforts to hold employers accountable for trafficking did not increase, non-payment of wages and of the retention of migrant workers’ passports continued; standard operating procedures for victim identification, protection, and referral were not adopted; insufficient resources were devoted to the national action plan; Maldives was granted a waiver per the Trafficking Victims Protection Act from an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3 (2020)


This field refers to a country's coal and metallurgical coke production, consumption, exports, imports, and proven reserves. These energy sources include anthracite, metallurgical, bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coal and metallurgical coke. Proven reserves are those quantities of coal that have been analyzed as commercially recoverable in the future based on known reservoirs and assuming current economic conditions. Data are reported in metric tons, and one metric ton is 1,000 kilograms.

Topic: AfghanistanProduction: 2.096 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 2.096 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 66 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: AlbaniaProduction: 9,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 119,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 110,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 522 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: AlgeriaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 59 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: American SamoaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: AngolaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: AntarcticaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Antigua and BarbudaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ArgentinaProduction: 829,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.55 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 4,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 990,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 500 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ArmeniaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 12,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 12,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 163 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ArubaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: AustraliaProduction: 504.051 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 99.048 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 390.808 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 583,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 149.079 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: AustriaProduction: 1.327 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 4.899 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 3.667 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: AzerbaijanProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 19,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 19,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Bahamas, TheProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BahrainProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BangladeshProduction: 1.016 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 9.345 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 8.329 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 293 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BarbadosProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BelarusProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 621,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1.574 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.117 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BelgiumProduction: 1.105 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 4.167 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 504,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 3.467 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BelizeProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BeninProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 78,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 78,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BermudaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BhutanProduction: 174,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 211,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 37,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BoliviaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Bosnia and HerzegovinaProduction: 6.966 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 7.752 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 525,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.366 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2.264 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BotswanaProduction: 1.876 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.416 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 497,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.66 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BrazilProduction: 13.993 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 31.841 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 16,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 19.217 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 6.596 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: British Virgin IslandsProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BruneiProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BulgariaProduction: 22.298 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 23.213 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 35,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 675,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2.366 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Burkina FasoProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BurmaProduction: 1.468 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.981 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 514,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 6 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BurundiProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Cabo VerdeProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: CambodiaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 2.974 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 3.311 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: CameroonProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: CanadaProduction: 48.328 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 25.642 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 32.026 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 7.577 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 6.582 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Cayman IslandsProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Central African RepublicProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 3 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ChadProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ChileProduction: 542,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 10.573 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 134,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 10.607 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.181 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ChinaProduction: 4,314,681,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 4,506,387,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 6.652 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 307.047 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 141.595 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ColombiaProduction: 51.395 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 8.547 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 69.861 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 79,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 4.554 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ComorosProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of theProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 10,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 10,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 88 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Congo, Republic of theProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Cook IslandsProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Costa RicaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Cote d'IvoireProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: CroatiaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 643,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 2,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 644,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: CubaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 4,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 4,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: CyprusProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: CzechiaProduction: 33.806 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 37.212 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1.885 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 3.795 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2.927 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: DenmarkProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.249 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 194,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.122 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: DjiboutiProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: DominicaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Dominican RepublicProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.791 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.359 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: EcuadorProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 10,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 10,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 24 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: EgyptProduction: 262,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 2.31 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 86,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.134 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 16 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: El SalvadorProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Equatorial GuineaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: EritreaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: EstoniaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 3,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 3,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: EswatiniProduction: 108,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 169,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 163,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 135,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 144 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: EthiopiaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 689,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 528,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)Production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Faroe IslandsProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: FijiProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: FinlandProduction: 762,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 3.552 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 101,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.661 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: FranceProduction: 2.312 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 10.712 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 35,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 7.891 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: French PolynesiaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GabonProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Gambia, TheProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GeorgiaProduction: 99,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 362,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 277,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 201 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GermanyProduction: 114.86 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 145.379 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 2.317 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 31.503 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 35.9 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GhanaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 48,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 48,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GibraltarProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GreeceProduction: 13.851 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 13.828 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 7,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 305,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2.876 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GreenlandProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 183 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GrenadaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GuamProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GuatemalaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 2.28 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.376 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GuineaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Guinea-BissauProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GuyanaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: HaitiProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: HondurasProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 25,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 25,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Hong KongProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 5.485 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 5.485 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: HungaryProduction: 6.956 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 8.079 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 230,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.395 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2.909 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: IcelandProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 142,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 136,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: IndiaProduction: 743.214 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 883.979 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1.029 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 219.212 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 105.931 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: IndonesiaProduction: 563.728 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 132.548 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 409.892 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 8.95 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 39.891 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: IranProduction: 2.783 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 2.794 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 76,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 87,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.203 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: IraqProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: IrelandProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 351,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 132,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 408,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 14 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: IsraelProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 5.089 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 5.565 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ItalyProduction: 1.456 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 9.335 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 368,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 8.235 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 17 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: JamaicaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 61,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 82,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: JapanProduction: 29.84 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 210.882 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 3.201 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 174.486 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 350 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: JordanProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 219,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 219,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: KazakhstanProduction: 102.338 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 74.819 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 3.002 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 993,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 25.605 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: KenyaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 821,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 822,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: KiribatiProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Korea, NorthProduction: 16.376 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 6.698 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 22,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 600 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Korea, SouthProduction: 16.364 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 140.579 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 16,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 123.784 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 326 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: KosovoProduction: 8.538 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 8.549 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 9,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 20,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.564 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: KuwaitProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 68,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 68,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: KyrgyzstanProduction: 2.287 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.717 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 984,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 481,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 971 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: LaosProduction: 16.04 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 15.823 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 235,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 18,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 503 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: LatviaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 39,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 3,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 40,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: LebanonProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 268,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 268,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: LesothoProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: LiberiaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: LibyaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: LithuaniaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 221,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 75,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 268,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: LuxembourgProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 65,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 74,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MacauProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MadagascarProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 107,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 115,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MalawiProduction: 48,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 47,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MalaysiaProduction: 2.977 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 35.268 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 17,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 37.295 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 226 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MaldivesProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MaliProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MaltaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MauritaniaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MauritiusProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 661,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.189 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MexicoProduction: 9.886 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 10.241 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 3,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 5.182 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.211 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States ofProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Topic: MoldovaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 133,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 133,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MongoliaProduction: 43.904 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 8.818 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 28.551 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2.52 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MontenegroProduction: 1.456 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.351 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 96,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 142 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MontserratProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MoroccoProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 9.321 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 9.321 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 14 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MozambiqueProduction: 7.25 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 46,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 8.355 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 48,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.792 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: NamibiaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 38,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 59,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: NauruProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: NepalProduction: 28,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 839,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 811,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: NetherlandsProduction: 1.879 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 8.241 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 20.164 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 21.552 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 497 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: New CaledoniaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.151 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.151 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: New ZealandProduction: 3.226 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 3.001 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1.14 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.09 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 7.575 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: NicaraguaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: NigerProduction: 224,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 224,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 6 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: NigeriaProduction: 44,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 12,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 77,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 344 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: NiueProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: North MacedoniaProduction: 5.026 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 5.211 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 174,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 332 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Northern Mariana IslandsProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Topic: NorwayProduction: 69,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.13 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 46,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.172 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: OmanProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 115,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 115,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: PakistanProduction: 4.855 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 21.012 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 17.239 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 3.064 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: PanamaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.118 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.15 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Papua New GuineaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ParaguayProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: PeruProduction: 696,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 396,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 252,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 262,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 102 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: PhilippinesProduction: 13.752 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 32.855 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 7.554 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 28.358 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 361 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: PolandProduction: 108.152 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 110.674 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 11.063 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 13.281 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 26.932 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: PortugalProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 957,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 238,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 36 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Puerto RicoProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.361 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.502 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: QatarProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: RomaniaProduction: 15.002 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 16.412 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 2,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.384 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 291 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: RussiaProduction: 447.332 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 266.038 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 224.324 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 24.027 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 162.166 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: RwandaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da CunhaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Saint Kitts and NevisProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Saint LuciaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Saint Pierre and MiquelonProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SamoaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Sao Tome and PrincipeProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Saudi ArabiaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 73,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 73,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SenegalProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 894,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 894,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SerbiaProduction: 39.673 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 40.83 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 72,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 987,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 7.514 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SeychellesProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Sierra LeoneProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SingaporeProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 423,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 424,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SlovakiaProduction: 2.148 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 5.371 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 3.111 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 135 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SloveniaProduction: 3.175 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 3.502 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 3,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 335,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 371 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Solomon IslandsProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SomaliaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: South AfricaProduction: 248.388 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 170.308 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 74.965 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.054 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 9.893 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: South SudanProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SpainProduction: 546,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 4.918 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 2.083 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 4.857 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.187 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Sri LankaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 2.237 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.586 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SudanProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SurinameProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SwedenProduction: 1.07 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 3.328 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 24,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.144 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SwitzerlandProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 150,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 139,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SyriaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 38,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 38,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: TaiwanProduction: 5.955 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 67.985 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 118,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 63.523 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: TajikistanProduction: 2.103 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 2.16 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 57,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 375 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: TanzaniaProduction: 712,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 577,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 126,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 269 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ThailandProduction: 13.251 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 35.761 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 63,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 23.899 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.063 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Timor-LesteProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: TogoProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 46,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 46,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: TongaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Trinidad and TobagoProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: TunisiaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 5,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 5,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Turkey (Turkiye)Production: 78.871 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 108.271 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 54,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 40.919 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 11.525 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: TurkmenistanProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Turks and Caicos IslandsProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: TuvaluProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Topic: UgandaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: UkraineProduction: 23.908 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 41.181 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 61,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 17.333 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 34.375 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: United Arab EmiratesProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 2.563 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 2,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.565 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: United KingdomProduction: 2.892 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 9.401 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1.309 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 5.537 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 26 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: United StatesProduction: 495.13 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 441.968 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 63.276 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 4.808 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 228.662 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: UruguayProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: UzbekistanProduction: 3.98 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 5.668 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.995 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.375 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: VanuatuProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: VenezuelaProduction: 396,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 33,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 685,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 731 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: VietnamProduction: 47.789 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 80.568 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 902,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 55 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 3.36 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Wake IslandProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: YemenProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 22,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 22,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ZambiaProduction: 1.116 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.176 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 39,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 99,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 45 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ZimbabweProduction: 3.888 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 3.579 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 327,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 502 million metric tons (2019 est.)


US State Dept Travel Advisory: The US Department of State currently recommends US citizens Reconsider Travel to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines due to COVID-19. Consult its website via the link below for updates to travel advisories and statements on safety, security, local laws and special circumstances in this country.

https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html
Passport/Visa Requirements: US citizens should make sure their passport is valid at the date of their entering the country. They should also make sure they have at least 1 blank page in their passport for any entry stamp that will be required.  A visa is not required.
US Embassy/Consulate: US does not have an embassy in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines +(246) 227-4399; EMER: +(246) 227-4000; US Embassy Bridgetown, Wildey Business Park, Wildey, St. Michael BB 14006, Barbados, W.I.; BridgetownACS@state.gov;

https://bb.usembassy.gov
Telephone Code: 784
Local Emergency Phone: 999, 911
Vaccinations: An International Certificate of Vaccination for yellow fever is required for travelers arriving from countries with a risk of yellow fever transmission and for travelers having transited through the airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. See WHO recommendations.

http://www.who.int/
Climate: Tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)
Currency (Code): East Caribbean dollars (XCD)
Electricity/Voltage/Plug Type(s): 110 V, 230 V / 50 Hz / plug types(s): A, B, G

Major Languages: English, Vincentian Creole English, French patois
Major Religions: Protestant 75%, Roman Catholic 6.3%,  Rastafarian 1.1%, Jehovah's Witness 0.8%
Time Difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Potable Water: Opt for bottled water
International Driving Permit: Suggested
Road Driving Side: Left
Tourist Destinations: Tobago Cays; Montreal Gardens; La Soufriere cross country trail; Firefly Plantation in Bequia; Botanical Gardens in Kingstown; Dark View Falls; Vermont Natural Trail; Fort Duvernette; Bequia Beach; Union Beach
Major Sports: Rugby, cricket, soccer, netball, basketball, volleyball, tennis
Cultural Practices: Avoid cursing or using foul language as it is considered a criminal offense.
Tipping Guidelines: A service charge of 10% is usually added to a restaurant or hotel bill, but if not, leave at least 10-15% depending on your satisfaction with the service. Tip taxi drivers 10%, bellhops $2 (USD) per bag, and housekeeping $2 per night.Please visit the following links to find further information about your desired destination.

World Health Organization (WHO) - To learn what vaccines and health precautions to take while visiting your destination.

US State Dept Travel Information - Overall information about foreign travel for US citizens.

To obtain an international driving permit (IDP). Only two organizations in the US issue IDPs:
American Automobile Association (AAA) and American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA)

How to get help in an emergency?
Contact the nearest US embassy or consulate, or call one of these numbers:
from the US or Canada - 1-888-407-4747 or from Overseas - +1 202-501-4444

Page last updated: Tuesday, March 22, 2022


Topic: Introduction
Background: After independence from Italian control and then UK oversight, the UN established Eritrea as an autonomous region within the Ethiopian federation in 1952. Ethiopian annexation sparked a 30-year struggle for independence that ended in 1991. Eritreans overwhelmingly approved independence in a 1993 referendum.After independence from Italian control and then UK oversight, the UN established Eritrea as an autonomous region within the Ethiopian federation in 1952. Ethiopian annexation sparked a 30-year struggle for independence that ended in 1991. Eritreans overwhelmingly approved independence in a 1993 referendum.

Topic: Geography
Area: total: 117,600 sq km

land: 101,000 sq km

water: 16,600 sq km
Climate: hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands
Natural resources: gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural gas, fish

Topic: People and Society
Population: 6,209,262 (2022 est.)
Ethnic groups: Tigrinya 50%, Tigre 30%, Saho 4%, Afar 4%, Kunama 4%, Bilen 3%, Hedareb/Beja 2%, Nara 2%, Rashaida 1% (2021 est.)
Languages: Tigrinya (official), Arabic (official), English (official), Tigre, Kunama, Afar, other Cushitic languages
Religions: Eritrean Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Evangelical Lutheran, Sunni Muslim
Population growth rate: 1.03% (2022 est.)

Topic: Government
Government type: presidential republic
Capital: name: Asmara
Executive branch: chief of state: President ISAIAS Afwerki (since 8 June 1993); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government and is head of the State Council and National Assembly

head of government: President ISAIAS Afwerki (since 8 June 1993)
Legislative branch: description: unicameral National Assembly (Hagerawi Baito) (150 seats; 75 members indirectly elected by the ruling party and 75 directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: largely agrarian economy with a significant mining sector; substantial fiscal surplus due to tight controls; high and vulnerable debts; increased Ethiopian trade and shared port usage decreasing prices; financial and economic data integrity challengeslargely agrarian economy with a significant mining sector; substantial fiscal surplus due to tight controls; high and vulnerable debts; increased Ethiopian trade and shared port usage decreasing prices; financial and economic data integrity challenges
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $9.702 billion (2017 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $1,600 (2017 est.)
Agricultural products: sorghum, milk, vegetables, barley, cereals, pulses nes, roots/tubers nes, wheat, millet, beef
Industries: food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles, light manufacturing, salt, cement
Exports: $624.3 million (2017 est.)
Exports - partners: China 62%, South Korea 28.3% (2017)
Exports - commodities: gold and other minerals, livestock, sorghum, textiles, food, small industry manufactures
Imports: $1.127 billion (2017 est.)
Imports - partners: UAE 14.5%, China 13.2%, Saudi Arabia 13.2%, Italy 12.9%, Turkey 5.6%, South Africa 4.6% (2017)
Imports - commodities: machinery, petroleum products, food, manufactured goodsPage last updated: Wednesday, Jun 15, 2022