Topic: Photos of Uzbekistan

Topic: Introduction
Background: Uzbekistan is the geographic and population center of Central Asia. The country has a diverse economy and a relatively young population. Russia conquered and united the disparate territories of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to the overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, leaving the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half-dry. Independent since the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, the country has diversified agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base, although cotton remains a major part of its economy. Uzbekistan’s first president, Islom KARIMOV, led Uzbekistan for 25 years until his death in September 2016. His successor, former Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV, has improved relations with Uzbekistan’s neighbors and introduced wide-ranging economic, judicial, and social reforms. MIRZIYOYEV was reelected in October 2021 with 80% of the vote.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Central Asia, north of Turkmenistan, south of Kazakhstan
Geographic coordinates: 41 00 N, 64 00 E
Map references: Asia
Area: total: 447,400 sq km

land: 425,400 sq km

water: 22,000 sq km
Area - comparative: about four times the size of Virginia; slightly larger than California
Land boundaries: total: 6,893 km

border countries (5): Afghanistan 144 km; Kazakhstan 2,330 km; Kyrgyzstan 1,314 km; Tajikistan 1,312 km; Turkmenistan 1,793 km
Coastline: 0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline
Maritime claims: none (doubly landlocked)
Climate: mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
Terrain: mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zaravshan; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
Elevation: highest point: Xazrat Sulton Tog' 4,643 m
note - the Factbook map is incorrect; it shows the wrong location and name of the high elevation

lowest point: Sariqamish Kuli -12 m
Natural resources: natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum
Land use: agricultural land: 62.6% (2018 est.)

arable land: 10.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 51.7% (2018 est.)

forest: 7.7% (2018 est.)

other: 29.7% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 42,150 sq km (2012)
Major lakes (area sq km): Fresh water lake(s): Aral Sea (shared with Kazakhstan) - largely dried up
Major rivers (by length in km): Syr Darya (shared with Kyrgyzstan [s], Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan [m]) - 3,078 km; Amu Darya river mouth (shared with Tajikistan [s], Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan) - 2,620 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km): Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: (Aral Sea basin) Amu Darya (534,739 sq km), Syr Darya (782,617 sq km)
Population distribution: most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, while the central and western deserts are sparsely populated
Natural hazards: earthquakes; floods; landslides or mudslides; avalanches; droughts
Geography - note: along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world
Map description: Uzbekistan map showing major population centers as well as parts of neighboring countries.  Uzbekistan map showing major population centers as well as parts of neighboring countries.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 31,104,937 (2022 est.)
Nationality: noun: Uzbekistani

adjective: Uzbekistani
Ethnic groups: Uzbek 83.8%, Tajik 4.8%, Kazakh 2.5%, Russian 2.3%, Karakalpak 2.2%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.9% (2017 est.)
Languages: Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%

major-language sample(s):
Jahon faktlari kitobi, asosiy ma'lumotlar uchun zaruriy manba. (Uzbek)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

note: in the autonomous Karakalpakstan Republic, both the Karakalpak language and Uzbek have official status
Religions: Muslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
Age structure: 0-14 years: 23.19% (male 3,631,693/female 3,456,750)

15-24 years: 16.63% (male 2,601,803/female 2,481,826)

25-54 years: 45.68% (male 6,955,260/female 7,006,172)

55-64 years: 8.63% (male 1,245,035/female 1,392,263)

65 years and over: 5.87% (2020 est.) (male 768,769/female 1,025,840)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 50.6

youth dependency ratio: 43.4

elderly dependency ratio: 7.2

potential support ratio: 13.9 (2020 est.)
Median age: total: 30.1 years

male: 29.4 years

female: 30.7 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.83% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 15.53 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 5.41 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: -1.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution: most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, while the central and western deserts are sparsely populated
Urbanization: urban population: 50.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population: 2.574 million TASHKENT (capital) (2022)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female

total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 23.7 years (2019 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio: 29 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 18.98 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 22.6 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 15.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.29 years

male: 72.27 years

female: 78.5 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.73 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: NA
Drinking water source: improved: urban: 99.6% of population

rural: 96.1% of population

total: 97.8% of population

unimproved: urban: 0.4% of population

rural: 3.9% of population

total: 2.2% of population (2020 est.)
Current Health Expenditure: 5.6% (2019)
Physicians density: 2.37 physicians/1,000 population (2014)
Hospital bed density: 4 beds/1,000 population (2014)
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.2% (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 58,000 (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: (2020 est.) <1,000
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 16.6% (2016)
Tobacco use: total: 17.6% (2020 est.)

male: 34% (2020 est.)

female: 1.1% (2020 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 2.9% (2017)
Education expenditures: 5.1% of GDP (2020 est.)
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 100%

male: 100%

female: 100% (2019)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 12 years

male: 13 years

female: 12 years (2019)

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: shrinkage of the Aral Sea has resulted in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification and respiratory health problems; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals, including DDT
Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Air pollutants: particulate matter emissions: 25.29 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 91.81 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 96.16 megatons (2020 est.)
Climate: mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
Land use: agricultural land: 62.6% (2018 est.)

arable land: 10.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 51.7% (2018 est.)

forest: 7.7% (2018 est.)

other: 29.7% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 50.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Revenue from forest resources: forest revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Revenue from coal: coal revenues: 0.06% of GDP (2018 est.)
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 4 million tons (2016 est.)
Major lakes (area sq km): Fresh water lake(s): Aral Sea (shared with Kazakhstan) - largely dried up
Major rivers (by length in km): Syr Darya (shared with Kyrgyzstan [s], Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan [m]) - 3,078 km; Amu Darya river mouth (shared with Tajikistan [s], Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan) - 2,620 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km): Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: (Aral Sea basin) Amu Darya (534,739 sq km), Syr Darya (782,617 sq km)
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 2.41 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

industrial: 2.13 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

agricultural: 54.36 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 48.87 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Uzbekistan

conventional short form: Uzbekistan

local long form: O'zbekiston Respublikasi

local short form: O'zbekiston

former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic

etymology: a combination of the Turkic words "uz" (self) and "bek" (master) with the Persian suffix "-stan" (country) to give the meaning "Land of the Free"
Government type: presidential republic; highly authoritarian
Capital: name: Tashkent (Toshkent)

geographic coordinates: 41 19 N, 69 15 E

time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: "tash" means "stone" and "kent" means "city" in Turkic languages, so the name simply denotes "stone city"
Administrative divisions: 12 provinces (viloyatlar, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonom respublikasi), and 1 city** (shahar); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati [Bukhara Province], Farg'ona Viloyati [Fergana Province], Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi [Karakalpakstan Republic]* (Nukus), Samarqand Viloyati [Samarkand Province], Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri [Tashkent City]**, Toshkent Viloyati [Tashkent Province], Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch)

note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Independence: 1 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
National holiday: Independence Day, 1 September (1991)
Constitution: history: several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992

amendments: proposed by the Supreme Assembly or by referendum; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of both houses of the Assembly or passage in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2017
Legal system: civil law system; note - in early 2020, the president signed an amendment to the criminal code, criminal procedure code, and code of administrative responsibility
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Uzbekistan

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (interim president from 8 September 2016; formally elected president on 4 December 2016 to succeed longtime President Islom KARIMOV, who died on 2 September 2016; reelected president on 24 October 2021)

head of government: Prime Minister Abdulla ARIPOV (since 14 December 2016)

cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with most requiring approval of the Senate chamber of the Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis)

elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term; previously a 5-year term, extended by a 2002 constitutional amendment to 7 years, and reverted to 5 years in 2011); election last held on 24 October 2021 (next to be held in 2026); prime minister nominated by majority party in legislature since 2011, but appointed along with the ministers and deputy ministers by the president

election results:
2021: Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (LDPU) 80.1%, Maqsuda VORISOVA (PDP) 6.7%, Alisher QODIROV (National Revival Democratic Party) 5.5%, Narzullo OBLOMURODOV (Ecological Party) 4.1%, Bahrom ABDUHALIMOV (Adolat) 3.4%

2016: Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV elected president in first round; percent of vote - Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (LDPU) 88.6%, Hotamjon KETMONOV (PDP) 3.7%, Narimon UMAROV (Adolat) 3.5%, Sarvar OTAMURODOV (National Revival Democratic Party) 2.4%, other 1.8%
Legislative branch: description: bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of:
Senate or Senat (100 seats; 84 members indirectly elected by regional governing councils and 16 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
Legislative Chamber or Qonunchilik Palatasi (150 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 5-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held 16-17 January 2020 (next to be held in 2025)
Legislative Chamber - last held on 22 December 2019 and 5 January 2020 (next to be held in December 2024)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 77, women 23, percent of women 23%
Legislative Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDPU 53, National Revival Democratic Party 36, Adolat 24, PDP 22, Ecological Movement 15; composition - men 83, women, 17, percent of women 17%

note: all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV
Judicial branch: highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of 67 judges organized into administrative, civil, criminal, and economic sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges)

judge selection and term of office: judges of the highest courts nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis; judges appointed for initial 5-year term and can be reappointed for subsequent 10-year and lifetime terms

subordinate courts: regional, district, city, and town courts
Political parties and leaders: Ecological Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Ekologik Partivasi) [Narzullo OBLOMURODOV]
Justice (Adolat) Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan [Bahrom ABDUHALIMOV]
Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Liberal-Demokratik Partiyasi) or LDPU [Aktam HAITOV]
National Revival Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Milliy Tiklanish Demokratik Partiyasi) [Alisher QODIROV]
People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (Xalq Demokratik Partiyas) or PDP [Ulugbek Ilyosovich INOYATOV] (formerly Communist Party)
International organization participation: ADB, CICA, CIS, EAEU (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EEU (observer), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Javlon VAHOBOV (since 29 November 2017)

chancery: 1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone: [1] (202) 887-5300

FAX: [1] (202) 293-6804

email address and website:
info.washington@mfa.uz

https://www.uzbekistan.org/

consulate(s) general: New York
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Daniel ROSENBLUM (since 24 May 2019)

embassy: 3 Moyqorghon, 5th Block, Yunusobod District, 100093 Tashkent

mailing address: 7110 Tashkent Place, Washington DC  20521-7110

telephone: [998] 78-120-5450

FAX: [998] 78-120-6335

email address and website:
ACSTashkent@state.gov

https://uz.usembassy.gov/
Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a vertical, white crescent moon (closed side to the hoist) and 12 white, five-pointed stars shifted to the hoist on the top band; blue is the color of the Turkic peoples and of the sky, white signifies peace and the striving for purity in thoughts and deeds, while green represents nature and is the color of Islam; the red stripes are the vital force of all living organisms that links good and pure ideas with the eternal sky and with deeds on earth; the crescent represents Islam and the 12 stars the months and constellations of the Uzbek calendar
National symbol(s): khumo (mythical bird); national colors: blue, white, red, green
National anthem: name: "O'zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi" (National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan)

lyrics/music: Abdulla ARIPOV/Mutal BURHANOV

note: adopted 1992; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan kept the music of the anthem from its time as a Soviet Republic but adopted new lyrics
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 5 (4 cultural, 1 natural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Itchan Kala (c), Historic Bukhara (c), Historic Shakhrisyabz (c), Samarkand - Crossroad of Cultures (c), Western Tien Shan (n)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in which 51% of the population lives in urban settlements; the agriculture-rich Fergana Valley, in which Uzbekistan’s eastern borders are situated, has been counted among the most densely populated parts of Central Asia. Since its independence in September 1991, the government has largely maintained its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production, prices, and access to foreign currency. Despite ongoing efforts to diversify crops, Uzbek agriculture remains largely centered on cotton; Uzbekistan is the world's fifth-largest cotton exporter and seventh-largest producer. Uzbekistan's growth has been driven primarily by state-led investments, and export of natural gas, gold, and cotton provides a significant share of foreign exchange earnings.   Recently, lower global commodity prices and economic slowdowns in neighboring Russia and China have hurt Uzbekistan's trade and investment and worsened its foreign currency shortage. Aware of the need to improve the investment climate, the government is taking incremental steps to reform the business sector and address impediments to foreign investment in the country. Since the death of first President Islam KARIMOV and election of President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV, emphasis on such initiatives and government efforts to improve the private sector have increased. In the past, Uzbek authorities accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbek laws and have frozen and seized their assets.   As a part of its economic reform efforts, the Uzbek Government is looking to expand opportunities for small and medium enterprises and prioritizes increasing foreign direct investment. In September 2017, the government devalued the official currency rate by almost 50% and announced the loosening of currency restrictions to eliminate the currency black market, increase access to hard currency, and boost investment.Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in which 51% of the population lives in urban settlements; the agriculture-rich Fergana Valley, in which Uzbekistan’s eastern borders are situated, has been counted among the most densely populated parts of Central Asia. Since its independence in September 1991, the government has largely maintained its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production, prices, and access to foreign currency. Despite ongoing efforts to diversify crops, Uzbek agriculture remains largely centered on cotton; Uzbekistan is the world's fifth-largest cotton exporter and seventh-largest producer. Uzbekistan's growth has been driven primarily by state-led investments, and export of natural gas, gold, and cotton provides a significant share of foreign exchange earnings. Recently, lower global commodity prices and economic slowdowns in neighboring Russia and China have hurt Uzbekistan's trade and investment and worsened its foreign currency shortage. Aware of the need to improve the investment climate, the government is taking incremental steps to reform the business sector and address impediments to foreign investment in the country. Since the death of first President Islam KARIMOV and election of President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV, emphasis on such initiatives and government efforts to improve the private sector have increased. In the past, Uzbek authorities accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbek laws and have frozen and seized their assets. As a part of its economic reform efforts, the Uzbek Government is looking to expand opportunities for small and medium enterprises and prioritizes increasing foreign direct investment. In September 2017, the government devalued the official currency rate by almost 50% and announced the loosening of currency restrictions to eliminate the currency black market, increase access to hard currency, and boost investment.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $239.42 billion (2020 est.)

$235.54 billion (2019 est.)

$222.63 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
Real GDP growth rate: 5.3% (2017 est.)

7.8% (2016 est.)

7.9% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $7,000 (2020 est.)

$7,000 (2019 est.)

$6,800 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): $57.789 billion (2019 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 12.5% (2017 est.)

8% (2016 est.)

note: official data; based on independent analysis of consumer prices, inflation reached 22% in 2012
Credit ratings: Fitch rating: BB- (2018)

Moody's rating: B1 (2019)

Standard & Poors rating: BB- (2018)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 17.9% (2017 est.)

industry: 33.7% (2017 est.)

services: 48.5% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 59.5% (2017 est.)

government consumption: 16.3% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 25.3% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories: 3% (2017 est.)

exports of goods and services: 19% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services: -20% (2017 est.)
Agricultural products: milk, wheat, potatoes, carrots/turnips, cotton, tomatoes, vegetables, grapes, onions, watermelons
Industries: textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining, hydrocarbon extraction, chemicals
Industrial production growth rate: 4.5% (2017 est.)
Labor force: 13.273 million (2018 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 25.9%

industry: 13.2%

services: 60.9% (2012 est.)
Unemployment rate: 5% (2017 est.)

5.1% (2016 est.)

note: official data; another 20% are underemployed
Population below poverty line: 14.1% (2013 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 36.8 (2003)

44.7 (1998)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.8%

highest 10%: 29.6% (2003)
Budget: revenues: 15.22 billion (2017 est.)

expenditures: 15.08 billion (2017 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): 0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Public debt: 24.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

10.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Taxes and other revenues: 31.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Current account balance: $1.713 billion (2017 est.)

$384 million (2016 est.)
Exports: $14.52 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$16.99 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$14.14 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners: Switzerland 19%, United Kingdom 17%, Russia 15%, China 14%, Kazakhstan 9%, Turkey 8%, Kyrgyzstan 5% (2019)
Exports - commodities: gold, natural gas, cotton fibers, copper, ethylene polymers (2019)
Imports: $22.56 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$26.55 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$23.44 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners: China 23%, Russia 18%, South Korea 11%, Kazakhstan 9%, Turkey 6%, Germany 5% (2019)
Imports - commodities: cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, refined petroleum, aircraft, construction vehicles (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $16 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$14 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Debt - external: $16.9 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$16.76 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Exchange rates: Uzbekistani soum (UZS) per US dollar -

3,906.1 (2017 est.)

2,966.6 (2016 est.)

2,966.6 (2015 est.)

2,569.6 (2014 est.)

2,311.4 (2013 est.)

Topic: Energy
Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2020)
Electricity: Installed generating capacity: 16.042 million kW (2020 est.)

Consumption: 57,605,687,000 kWh (2019 est.)

Exports: 2.067 billion kWh (2019 est.)

Imports: 3.379 billion kWh (2019 est.)

Transmission/distribution losses: 3.858 billion kWh (2019 est.)
Electricity generation sources: Fossil fuels: 88.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Solar: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Hydroelectricity: 11.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Coal: Production: 3.98 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 5.668 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.995 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.375 billion metric tons (2019 est.)
Petroleum: Total petroleum production: 5,200 bbl/day (2021 est.)

Refined petroleum consumption: 98,200 bbl/day (2019 est.)

Crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

Crude oil and lease condensate imports: 24,000 barrels/day (2018 est.)

Crude oil estimated reserves: 594 million barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 61,740 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 3,977 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas: Production: 46,968,227,000 cubic meters (2020 est.)

Consumption: 43,882,007,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)

Exports: 13,283,524,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)

Imports: 0 cubic meters (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1,840,592,000,000 cubic meters (2021 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 102.965 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

From coal and metallurgical coke: 7.816 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

From petroleum and other liquids: 11.53 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

From consumed natural gas: 83.619 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: 57.709 million Btu/person (2019 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 3,550,069 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 33.387 million (2022)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 100 (2022)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: Uzbekistan’s telecom markets both wireline and wireless have been playing "catch up" in terms of their development following the country's independence from the former Soviet Union; the government has formally adopted the principles of operating as a market economy, many elements of the old centrally planned economic model remain; this has had the effect of reducing the level of interest from foreign companies and investors in building out the necessary underlying infrastructure, which in turn has constrained the rate of growth in the country’s telecoms sector; the last five years has seen an upswing in prospects for the sector as fiber network roll outs continue beyond the main urban centers, while the mobile market experiences some consolidation for stronger, more efficient competitors; the fixed line market is dominated by the incumbent state owned provider Uztelecom, which has 98% of the market share; with teledensity at 11%, the fixed line segment remains relatively underdeveloped; Uztelecom has been diligently expanding its fiber footprint across the country, and so utilization is increasing as consumers are able to take on VoIP services as part of their fiber packages;  growth is present in the fixed broadband segment thanks to that same network expansion with penetration projected to reach 24% by 2027 (a 5-year CAGR of 6.2%); despite the promising signs in the fixed markets, it is the mobile segment that continues to dominate Uzbekistan’s telecoms sector in terms of penetration, revenue, and growth;  there are four major operators providing a modicum of competition; three of the four are government owned entities although private operator Beeline Uzbekistan has been able to capture up to a third of the market; the mobile market is expected to reach 100% penetration in 2023 a 50% increase in the last five years.  (2022)

domestic: fixed-line nearly 11 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity nearly 100 per 100 persons; the state-owned telecommunications company, Uzbek Telecom, owner of the fixed-line telecommunications system, has used loans from the Japanese government and the China Development Bank to upgrade fixed-line services including conversion to digital exchanges; mobile-cellular services are provided by 2 private and 3 state-owned operators with a total subscriber base of 22.8 million as of January 2018 (2020)

international: country code - 998; linked by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; the country also has a link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; Uzbekistan has supported the national fiber-optic backbone project of Afghanistan since 2008

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
Broadcast media: the government controls media; 17 state-owned broadcasters - 13 TV and 4 radio - provide service to virtually the entire country; about 20 privately owned TV stations, overseen by local officials, broadcast to local markets; privately owned TV stations are required to lease transmitters from the government-owned Republic TV and Radio Industry Corporation; in 2019, the Uzbek Agency for Press and Information was reorganized into the Agency of Information and Mass Communications and became part of the Uzbek Presidential Administration with recent appointment of the Uzbek President's elder daughter as it deputy director (2019)
Internet country code: .uz
Internet users: total: 24,304,756 (2020 est.)

percent of population: 71% (2020 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 4,820,009 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (2020 est.)

Topic: Transportation
National air transport system: number of registered air carriers: 2 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 34

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 3,056,558 (2018)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 89.43 million (2018) mt-km
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: UK
Airports: total: 53 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 33

over 3,047 m: 6

2,438 to 3,047 m: 13

1,524 to 2,437 m: 6

914 to 1,523 m: 4

under 914 m: 4 (2021)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 20

2,438 to 3,047 m: 2

under 914 m: 18 (2021)
Pipelines: 13,700 km gas, 944 km oil (2016)
Railways: total: 4,642 km (2018)

broad gauge: 4,642 km (2018) 1.520-m gauge (1,684 km electrified)
Roadways: total: 86,496 km (2000)

paved: 75,511 km (2000)

unpaved: 10,985 km (2000)
Waterways: 1,100 km (2012)
Ports and terminals: river port(s): Termiz (Amu Darya)

Topic: Military and Security
Military and security forces: Armed Forces of Uzbekistan: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces; National Guard; Ministry of Interior: Internal Security Troops, Border Guards (2022)

note - the National Guard, also under the Ministry of Defense, ensures public order and security of diplomatic missions, radio and television broadcasting, and other state entities
Military expenditures: 2.8% of GDP (2019 est.) (approximately $3 billion)

2.9% of GDP (2018 est.) (approximately $2.88 billion)

2.7% of GDP (2017 est.) (approximately $2.65 billion)

2.5% of GDP (2016 est.) (approximately $2.49 billion)

2.5% of GDP (2015 est.) (approximately $2.4 billion)
Military and security service personnel strengths: information varies; approximately 60,000 total active troops, including 10-15,000 Air Force (2022)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the Uzbek Armed Forces use mainly Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, Russia has been the leading supplier of arms, followed by China (2022)
Military service age and obligation: 18-27 years of age for compulsory military service; 1-year conscript service obligation for males (conscripts have the option of paying for a shorter service of one month while remaining in the reserves until the age of 27); Uzbek citizens who have completed their service terms in the armed forces have privileges in employment and admission to higher educational institutions (2022)
Military - note: the Uzbek armed forces were established in January 1992, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, when the newly-established Ministry for Defense Affairs assumed jurisdiction over all former Soviet ground, air, and air defense units, formations, and installations then deployed on its soil; the building hosting the headquarters for the ex-Soviet Turkestan Military District became the headquarters for the Uzbek armed forces; all former Soviet troops departed Uzbekistan by 1995; as of 2022, Uzbekistan continued to maintain bilateral defense ties with Russia based on a 2005 mutual security agreement as of 2022, Uzbekistan was not part of the Russian-sponsored Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) that is comprised of former Soviet Republics; Uzbekistan joined in the 1990s but withdrew in 1999; it returned in 2006 but left again in 2012the Uzbek armed forces were established in January 1992, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, when the newly-established Ministry for Defense Affairs assumed jurisdiction over all former Soviet ground, air, and air defense units, formations, and installations then deployed on its soil; the building hosting the headquarters for the ex-Soviet Turkestan Military District became the headquarters for the Uzbek armed forces; all former Soviet troops departed Uzbekistan by 1995; as of 2022, Uzbekistan continued to maintain bilateral defense ties with Russia based on a 2005 mutual security agreementas of 2022, Uzbekistan was not part of the Russian-sponsored Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) that is comprised of former Soviet Republics; Uzbekistan joined in the 1990s but withdrew in 1999; it returned in 2006 but left again in 2012

Topic: Terrorism
Terrorist group(s): Islamic Jihad Union; Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - Khorasan (ISIS-K)

note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: Uzbekistan-Afghanistan: none identified Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan: field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; disputed territory is held by Uzbekistan but the overwhelming majority of residents are ethnic Kazakhs; the two countries agreed on draft final demarcation documents in March 2022 and plan to hold another meeting in April 2022 Uzbekistan-Kyrgyzstan: border delimitation of 130 km of border with Kyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and other areas; in 2021, border talks between Uzbek and Kyrgyz officials raised the possibility of a land swap arrangement, but a deal was not finalized Uzbekistan-Tajikistan: none identified Uzbekistan-Turkmenistan: prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan created water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; in 2021, the two countries reached an agreement to create a joint intergovernmental commission to oversee water managementUzbekistan-Afghanistan: none identifiedUzbekistan-Kazakhstan: field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; disputed territory is held by Uzbekistan but the overwhelming majority of residents are ethnic Kazakhs; the two countries agreed on draft final demarcation documents in March 2022 and plan to hold another meeting in April 2022Uzbekistan-Kyrgyzstan: border delimitation of 130 km of border with Kyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and other areas; in 2021, border talks between Uzbek and Kyrgyz officials raised the possibility of a land swap arrangement, but a deal was not finalizedUzbekistan-Tajikistan: none identifiedUzbekistan-Turkmenistan: prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan created water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; in 2021, the two countries reached an agreement to create a joint intergovernmental commission to oversee water management
Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons: 59,136 (mid-year 2021)
Trafficking in persons: current situation: Uzbekistan is a source country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and women and children subjected to sex trafficking; adults are victims of government-organized forced labor during Uzbekistan’s annual cotton harvest; local officials in some instances force teachers, students (including children), private businesses employees, and others to work in construction and other forms of non-cotton agriculture and to clean parks, streets, and buildings; traffickers exploit Uzbek women and children in sex trafficking in the Middle East, Eurasia, and Asia, and internally in brothels, clubs, and private residences; traffickers subject Uzbek men, and to a lesser extent women, to forced labor in Kazakhstan, Russia, Moldova, Turkey, and in other Asian, Middle Eastern, and European countries in the construction, oil and gas, agricultural, retail, and food sectors

tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — Uzbekistan does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; government efforts included addressing the use of forced adult labor during the cotton harvest by increasing pay to laborers and improving working conditions for voluntary workers and ceasing the forced use of students, teachers, and health care workers; third-party monitors were allowed access to the harvest to view changes; the government created a National Commission on Trafficking chaired by the regional governor in every area of the country; however, reports continued of corrupt officials requiring public sector employees to pick cotton or pay for a replacement worker with extorted penalties paid to them; fewer cases of traffickers were investigated and prosecuted, fewer victims of trafficking were identified, and fewer convictions carried a prison sentence; authorities conducted no investigations against corrupt officials extorting money during the cotton harvest (2020)
Illicit drugs: transit country for Afghan opium and heroin destined for Russia and the European Union; also transit country for hashish, cannabis products, New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), and synthetic drugs; cannabis and poppy are cultivated in small amounts for personal use and local saletransit country for Afghan opium and heroin destined for Russia and the European Union; also transit country for hashish, cannabis products, New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), and synthetic drugs; cannabis and poppy are cultivated in small amounts for personal use and local sale


Topic: Photos of French Southern and Antarctic Lands

Topic: Introduction
Background: In February 2007, the Iles Eparses became an integral part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands (TAAF). The Southern Lands are now divided into five administrative districts, two of which are archipelagos, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen; the third is a district composed of two volcanic islands, Ile Saint-Paul and Ile Amsterdam; the fourth, Iles Eparses, consists of five scattered tropical islands around Madagascar. They contain no permanent inhabitants and are visited only by researchers studying the native fauna, scientists at the various scientific stations, fishermen, and military personnel. The fifth district is the Antarctic portion, which consists of "Adelie Land," a thin slice of the Antarctic continent discovered and claimed by the French in 1840. Ile Amsterdam: Discovered but not named in 1522 by the Spanish, the island subsequently received the appellation of Nieuw Amsterdam from a Dutchman; it was claimed by France in 1843. A short-lived attempt at cattle farming began in 1871. A French meteorological station established on the island in 1949 is still in use.; Ile Saint Paul: Claimed by France since 1893, the island was a fishing industry center from 1843 to 1914. In 1928, a spiny lobster cannery was established, but when the company went bankrupt in 1931, seven workers were abandoned. Only two survived until 1934 when rescue finally arrived.; Iles Crozet: A large archipelago formed from the Crozet Plateau, Iles Crozet is divided into two main groups: L'Occidental (the West), which includes Ile aux Cochons, Ilots des Apotres, Ile des Pingouins, and the reefs Brisants de l'Heroine; and L'Oriental (the East), which includes Ile d'Est and Ile de la Possession (the largest island of the Crozets). Discovered and claimed by France in 1772, the islands were used for seal hunting and as a base for whaling. Originally administered as a dependency of Madagascar, they became part of the TAAF in 1955.; Iles Kerguelen: This island group, discovered in 1772, consists of one large island (Ile Kerguelen) and about 300 smaller islands. A permanent group of 50 to 100 scientists resides at the main base at Port-aux-Francais.; Adelie Land: The only non-insular district of the TAAF is the Antarctic claim known as "Adelie Land." The US Government does not recognize it as a French dependency.; Bassas da India: A French possession since 1897, this atoll is a volcanic rock surrounded by reefs and is awash at high tide.; Europa Island: This heavily wooded island has been a French possession since 1897; it is the site of a small military garrison that staffs a weather station.; Glorioso Islands: A French possession since 1892, the Glorioso Islands are composed of two lushly vegetated coral islands (Ile Glorieuse and Ile du Lys) and three rock islets. A military garrison operates a weather and radio station on Ile Glorieuse.; Juan de Nova Island: Named after a famous 15th-century Spanish navigator and explorer, the island has been a French possession since 1897. It has been exploited for its guano and phosphate. Presently a small military garrison oversees a meteorological station.; Tromelin Island: First explored by the French in 1776, the island came under the jurisdiction of Reunion in 1814. At present, it serves as a sea turtle sanctuary and is the site of an important meteorological station.In February 2007, the Iles Eparses became an integral part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands (TAAF). The Southern Lands are now divided into five administrative districts, two of which are archipelagos, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen; the third is a district composed of two volcanic islands, Ile Saint-Paul and Ile Amsterdam; the fourth, Iles Eparses, consists of five scattered tropical islands around Madagascar. They contain no permanent inhabitants and are visited only by researchers studying the native fauna, scientists at the various scientific stations, fishermen, and military personnel. The fifth district is the Antarctic portion, which consists of "Adelie Land," a thin slice of the Antarctic continent discovered and claimed by the French in 1840.Ile Amsterdam: Discovered but not named in 1522 by the Spanish, the island subsequently received the appellation of Nieuw Amsterdam from a Dutchman; it was claimed by France in 1843. A short-lived attempt at cattle farming began in 1871. A French meteorological station established on the island in 1949 is still in use.;Ile Saint Paul: Claimed by France since 1893, the island was a fishing industry center from 1843 to 1914. In 1928, a spiny lobster cannery was established, but when the company went bankrupt in 1931, seven workers were abandoned. Only two survived until 1934 when rescue finally arrived.;Iles Crozet: A large archipelago formed from the Crozet Plateau, Iles Crozet is divided into two main groups: L'Occidental (the West), which includes Ile aux Cochons, Ilots des Apotres, Ile des Pingouins, and the reefs Brisants de l'Heroine; and L'Oriental (the East), which includes Ile d'Est and Ile de la Possession (the largest island of the Crozets). Discovered and claimed by France in 1772, the islands were used for seal hunting and as a base for whaling. Originally administered as a dependency of Madagascar, they became part of the TAAF in 1955.;Iles Kerguelen: This island group, discovered in 1772, consists of one large island (Ile Kerguelen) and about 300 smaller islands. A permanent group of 50 to 100 scientists resides at the main base at Port-aux-Francais.;Adelie Land: The only non-insular district of the TAAF is the Antarctic claim known as "Adelie Land." The US Government does not recognize it as a French dependency.;Bassas da India: A French possession since 1897, this atoll is a volcanic rock surrounded by reefs and is awash at high tide.;Europa Island: This heavily wooded island has been a French possession since 1897; it is the site of a small military garrison that staffs a weather station.;Glorioso Islands: A French possession since 1892, the Glorioso Islands are composed of two lushly vegetated coral islands (Ile Glorieuse and Ile du Lys) and three rock islets. A military garrison operates a weather and radio station on Ile Glorieuse.;Juan de Nova Island: Named after a famous 15th-century Spanish navigator and explorer, the island has been a French possession since 1897. It has been exploited for its guano and phosphate. Presently a small military garrison oversees a meteorological station.;Tromelin Island: First explored by the French in 1776, the island came under the jurisdiction of Reunion in 1814. At present, it serves as a sea turtle sanctuary and is the site of an important meteorological station.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: southeast and east of Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, some near Madagascar and others about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - French Southern and Antarctic Lands include Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Adelie Land"; the US does not recognize the French claim to "Adelie Land"
Geographic coordinates: Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): 37 50 S, 77 32 E; Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): 38 72 S, 77 53 E; Iles Crozet: 46 25 S, 51 00 E; Iles Kerguelen: 49 15 S, 69 35 E; Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): 21 30 S, 39 50 E; Europa Island (Iles Eparses): 22 20 S, 40 22 E; Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses): 11 30 S, 47 20 E; Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): 17 03 S, 42 45 E; Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): 15 52 S, 54 25 EIle Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): 37 50 S, 77 32 E; Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): 38 72 S, 77 53 E; Iles Crozet: 46 25 S, 51 00 E; Iles Kerguelen: 49 15 S, 69 35 E; Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): 21 30 S, 39 50 E; Europa Island (Iles Eparses): 22 20 S, 40 22 E; Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses): 11 30 S, 47 20 E; Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): 17 03 S, 42 45 E; Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): 15 52 S, 54 25 E
Map references: Antarctic RegionAfrica
Area: Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): total - 55 sq km; land - 55 sq km; water - 0 sq km
 Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): total - 7 sq km; land - 7 sq km; water - 0 sq km
 Iles Crozet: total - 352 sq km; land - 352 sq km; water - 0 sq km
 Iles Kerguelen: total - 7,215 sq km; land - 7,215 sq km; water - 0 sq km
 Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): total - 80 sq km; land - 0.2 sq km; water - 79.8 sq km (lagoon)
 Europa Island (Iles Eparses): total - 28 sq km; land - 28 sq km; water - 0 sq km
 Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses): total - 5 sq km; land - 5 sq km; water - 0 sq km
 Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): total - 4.4 sq km; land - 4.4 sq km; water - 0 sq km
 Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): total - 1 sq km; land - 1 sq km; water - 0 sq km
 note: excludes "Adelie Land" claim of about 500,000 sq km in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US
Area - comparative: Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): less than one-half the size of Washington, DC; Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): more than 10 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Iles Crozet: about twice the size of Washington, DC; Iles Kerguelen: slightly larger than Delaware; Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): land area about one-third the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Europa Island (Iles Eparses): about one-sixth the size of Washington, DC; Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses): about eight times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): about seven times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): about 1.7 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DCIle Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): less than one-half the size of Washington, DC; Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): more than 10 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Iles Crozet: about twice the size of Washington, DC; Iles Kerguelen: slightly larger than Delaware; Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): land area about one-third the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Europa Island (Iles Eparses): about one-sixth the size of Washington, DC; Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses): about eight times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): about seven times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC; Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): about 1.7 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC
Land boundaries: total: 0 km
Coastline: Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): 28 km
 Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul):
 Iles Kerguelen: 2,800 km
 Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): 35.2 km
 Europa Island (Iles Eparses): 22.2 km
 Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses): 35.2 km
 Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): 24.1 km
 Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): 3.7 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm from Iles Kerguelen and Iles Eparses (does not include the rest of French Southern and Antarctic Lands); Juan de Nova Island and Tromelin Island claim a continental shelf of 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate: Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul: oceanic with persistent westerly winds and high humidity; Iles Crozet: windy, cold, wet, and cloudy; Iles Kerguelen: oceanic, cold, overcast, windy; Iles Eparses: tropicalIle Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul: oceanic with persistent westerly winds and high humidity; Iles Crozet: windy, cold, wet, and cloudy; Iles Kerguelen: oceanic, cold, overcast, windy; Iles Eparses: tropical
Terrain: Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): a volcanic island with steep coastal cliffs; the center floor of the volcano is a large plateau; Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): triangular in shape, the island is the top of a volcano, rocky with steep cliffs on the eastern side; has active thermal springs; Iles Crozet: a large archipelago formed from the Crozet Plateau is divided into two groups of islands; Iles Kerguelen: the interior of the large island of Ile Kerguelen is composed of high mountains, hills, valleys, and plains with peninsulas stretching off its coasts; Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): atoll, awash at high tide; shallow (15 m) lagoon; Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island: low, flat, and sandy; Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): low, flat, sandy; likely volcanic seamountIle Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): a volcanic island with steep coastal cliffs; the center floor of the volcano is a large plateau; Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): triangular in shape, the island is the top of a volcano, rocky with steep cliffs on the eastern side; has active thermal springs; Iles Crozet: a large archipelago formed from the Crozet Plateau is divided into two groups of islands; Iles Kerguelen: the interior of the large island of Ile Kerguelen is composed of high mountains, hills, valleys, and plains with peninsulas stretching off its coasts; Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): atoll, awash at high tide; shallow (15 m) lagoon; Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island: low, flat, and sandy; Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): low, flat, sandy; likely volcanic seamount
Elevation: highest point: Mont de la Dives on Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul) 867 m

lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m

highest points throughout the French Southern and Antarctic Lands: unnamed location on Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul) 272 m; Pic Marion-Dufresne in Iles Crozet 1090 m; Mont Ross in Iles Kerguelen 1850 m; unnamed location on Bassas de India (Iles Eparses) 2.4 m;24 unnamed location on Europa Island (Iles Eparses) 24 m; unnamed location on Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses) 12 m; unnamed location on Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses) 10 m; unnamed location on Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses) 7 m
Natural resources: fish, crayfish, note, Glorioso Islands and Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses) have guano, phosphates, and coconuts

note: in the 1950's and 1960's, several species of trout were introduced to Iles Kerguelen of which two, Brown trout and Brook trout, survived to establish wild populations; reindeer were also introduced to Iles Kerguelen in 1956 as a source of fresh meat for whaling crews, the herd today, one of two in the Southern Hemisphere, is estimated to number around 4,000
Natural hazards: Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are inactive volcanoes; Iles Eparses subject to periodic cyclones; Bassas da India is a maritime hazard since it is under water for a period of three hours prior to and following the high tide and surrounded by reefsvolcanism: Reunion Island - Piton de la Fournaise (2,632 m), which has erupted many times in recent years including 2010, 2015, and 2017, is one of the world's most active volcanoes; although rare, eruptions outside the volcano's caldera could threaten nearby citiesIle Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are inactive volcanoes; Iles Eparses subject to periodic cyclones; Bassas da India is a maritime hazard since it is under water for a period of three hours prior to and following the high tide and surrounded by reefsvolcanism: Reunion Island - Piton de la Fournaise (2,632 m), which has erupted many times in recent years including 2010, 2015, and 2017, is one of the world's most active volcanoes; although rare, eruptions outside the volcano's caldera could threaten nearby cities
Geography - note: islands' component is widely scattered across remote locations in the southern Indian OceanBassas da India (Iles Eparses): atoll is a circular reef atop a long-extinct, submerged volcano; Europa Island and Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): wildlife sanctuary for seabirds and sea turtles; Glorioso Island (Iles Eparses): islands and rocks are surrounded by an extensive reef system; Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): climatologically important location for forecasting cyclones in the western Indian Ocean; wildlife sanctuary (seabirds, tortoises)islands' component is widely scattered across remote locations in the southern Indian OceanBassas da India (Iles Eparses): atoll is a circular reef atop a long-extinct, submerged volcano; Europa Island and Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): wildlife sanctuary for seabirds and sea turtles; Glorioso Island (Iles Eparses): islands and rocks are surrounded by an extensive reef system; Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): climatologically important location for forecasting cyclones in the western Indian Ocean; wildlife sanctuary (seabirds, tortoises)
Map description: French Southern and Antarctic Lands map showing the many scattered Indian Ocean islands that make up French territory in the South Pacific Ocean. The French Antarctic claim is not shown.French Southern and Antarctic Lands map showing the many scattered Indian Ocean islands that make up French territory in the South Pacific Ocean. The French Antarctic claim is not shown.

Topic: People and Society
Population: no indigenous inhabitants

Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): uninhabited but has a meteorological station
Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): uninhabited but is frequently visited by fishermen and has a scientific research cabin for short stays
 Iles Crozet: uninhabited except for 18 to 30 people staffing the Alfred Faure research station on Ile del la Possession
 Iles Kerguelen: 50 to 100 scientists are located at the main base at Port-aux-Francais on Ile Kerguelen
 Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): uninhabitable
 Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): a small French military garrison and a few meteorologists on each possession; visited by scientists
 Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): uninhabited, except for visits by scientists
Age structure: 0-14 years: NA

15-24 years: NA

25-54 years: NA

55-64 years: NA

65 years and over: NA
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: NA

youth dependency ratio: NA

elderly dependency ratio: NA

potential support ratio: NA
Birth rate: NA
Death rate: NA
Contraceptive prevalence rate: NA
Drinking water source: improved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: NA

unimproved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: NA
Current Health Expenditure: NA
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: NA
Education expenditures: NA

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: introduction of foreign species on Iles Crozet has caused severe damage to the original ecosystem; overfishing of Patagonian toothfish around Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen
Climate: Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul: oceanic with persistent westerly winds and high humidity; Iles Crozet: windy, cold, wet, and cloudy; Iles Kerguelen: oceanic, cold, overcast, windy; Iles Eparses: tropicalIle Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul: oceanic with persistent westerly winds and high humidity; Iles Crozet: windy, cold, wet, and cloudy; Iles Kerguelen: oceanic, cold, overcast, windy; Iles Eparses: tropical

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands

conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands

local long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises

local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises

abbreviation: TAAF

etymology: self-descriptive name specifying the territories' affiliation and location in the Southern Hemisphere
Dependency status: overseas territory of France since 1955
Administrative divisions: none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 5 administrative districts named Iles Crozet, Iles Eparses, Iles Kerguelen, Ile Saint-Paul et Ile Amsterdam; the fifth district is the "Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US
Legal system: the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Citizenship: see France
Executive branch: chief of state: President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017), represented by Prefect Charles GIUSTI (since 12 October 2020)
International organization participation: UPU
Diplomatic representation in the US: none (overseas territory of France)
Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: none (overseas territory of France)
Flag description: the flag of France is used
National anthem: note: as a territory of France, "La Marseillaise" is official (see France)note: as a territory of France, "La Marseillaise" is official (see France)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: Economic activity is limited to servicing meteorological and geophysical research stations, military bases, and French and other fishing fleets. The fish catches landed on Iles Kerguelen by foreign ships are exported to France and Reunion.

Topic: Communications
Internet country code: .tf
Communications - note: has one or more meteorological stations on each possession

Topic: Transportation
Airports: total: 4 (2021)
Merchant marine: total: 2

by type: other 2 (2021)
Ports and terminals: none; offshore anchorage only

Topic: Military and Security
Military - note: defense is the responsibility of France

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: French claim to "Adelie Land" in Antarctica is not recognized by the US; Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): ; claimed by Madagascar; the vegetated drying cays of Banc du Geyser, which were claimed by Madagascar in 1976, also fall within the EEZ claims of the Comoros and France (Glorioso Islands); ; Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): ; claimed by MauritiusFrench claim to "Adelie Land" in Antarctica is not recognized by the US; Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): ; claimed by Madagascar; the vegetated drying cays of Banc du Geyser, which were claimed by Madagascar in 1976, also fall within the EEZ claims of the Comoros and France (Glorioso Islands); ; Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): ; claimed by Mauritius


US State Dept Travel Advisory: The US Department of State currently recommends US citizens DO NOT TRAVEL to Papua New Guinea due to crime, civil unrest, health concerns, natural disasters, and kidnapping. Reconsider travel due to COVID-19-related restrictions. Some areas have increased risk. Consult its website via the link below for updates to travel advisories and statements on safety, security, local laws and special circumstances in this country.

https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html
Passport/Visa Requirements: US citizens should make sure their passport will not expire for at least 6 months after they enter the country even if they do not intend to stay that long. They should also make sure they have at least 1 blank page in their passport for any entry stamp that will be required. A visa is not required as long as the stay is less than 60 days.
US Embassy/Consulate: +(675) 321-1455; EMER: +(675) 7200-9439; US Embassy Port Moresby, Douglas Street, adjacent to the Bank of Papua New Guinea, PO Box 1492, Port Moresby, NCD 121, Papua New Guinea; ConsularPortMoresby@state.gov;

https://pg.usembassy.gov/
Telephone Code: 675
Local Emergency Phone: Fire: 110; Police: 000
Vaccinations: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention strongly recommends polio vaccinations, along with boosters for adults, for travel to Papua New Guinea. Vaccinations and boosters may be required for travel to Australia after extended stays in PNG. See WHO recommendations.

http://www.who.int/
Climate: Tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation
Currency (Code): Kina (PGK)
Electricity/Voltage/Plug Type(s): 240 V / 50 Hz / plug types(s): I

Major Languages: Tok Pisin, English, Hiri Motu, some 839 indigenous languages
Major Religions: Protestant 64.3%, Roman Catholic 26%, other Christian 5.3%, non-Christian 1.4%
Time Difference: UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time); note: Papua New Guinea has two time zones, including Bougainville (UTC+11)
Potable Water: Opt for bottled water
International Driving Permit: Suggested
Road Driving Side: Left
Tourist Destinations: Varirata National Park; Rainforest Habitat in Lae; Port Moresby (includes Parliament House, Boman War Cemetery, National Museum & Art Gallery); Kokoda Track; Tari Basin; JK McCarthy Museum
Major Sports: Rugby, cricket, soccer, Australian football, basketball
Cultural Practices: People will often point with their chins instead of their fingers.
Tipping Guidelines: A tipping culture does not exist. Tips are neither required nor expected.
Souvenirs: Woven billum bags; tribal masks; wood-carved storyboards, spirit boards, and drums; inlaid wooden bowls; woven basketsPlease visit the following links to find further information about your desired destination.

World Health Organization (WHO) - To learn what vaccines and health precautions to take while visiting your destination.

US State Dept Travel Information - Overall information about foreign travel for US citizens.

To obtain an international driving permit (IDP). Only two organizations in the US issue IDPs:
American Automobile Association (AAA) and American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA)

How to get help in an emergency?
Contact the nearest US embassy or consulate, or call one of these numbers:
from the US or Canada - 1-888-407-4747 or from Overseas - +1 202-501-4444

Page last updated: Tuesday, May 10, 2022


This entry gives the number of medical doctors (physicians), including generalist and specialist medical practitioners, per 1,000 of the population. Medical doctors are defined as doctors that study, diagnose, treat, and prevent illness, disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans through the application of modern medicine. They also plan, supervise, and evaluate care and treatment plans by other health care providers. The World Health Organization estimates that fewer than 2.3 health workers (physicians, nurses, and midwives only) per 1,000 would be insufficient to achieve coverage of primary healthcare needs.

Topic: Afghanistan0.25 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Albania1.88 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Algeria1.72 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: American SamoaNA

Topic: Andorra3.33 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

Topic: Angola0.21 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: AnguillaNA

Topic: Antigua and Barbuda2.76 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Topic: Argentina4.06 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Armenia4.4 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Topic: ArubaNA

Topic: Australia4.13 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Austria5.29 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Azerbaijan3.17 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Bahamas, The1.94 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Topic: Bahrain0.93 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

Topic: Bangladesh0.67 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Barbados2.49 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Topic: Belarus4.54 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Belgium6.08 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Belize1.08 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Benin0.07 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: BermudaNA

Topic: Bhutan0.5 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Bolivia1.03 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovina2.16 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

Topic: Botswana0.38 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Brazil2.31 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: British Virgin IslandsNA

Topic: Brunei1.61 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Topic: Bulgaria4.2 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Burkina Faso0.09 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Burma0.74 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Burundi0.07 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Cabo Verde0.83 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Cambodia0.19 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Topic: Cameroon0.13 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Canada2.44 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Cayman IslandsNA

Topic: Central African Republic0.07 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Chad0.06 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Chile2.84 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: China2.23 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Colombia2.33 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Comoros0.26 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of the0.38 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Congo, Republic of the0.1 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Cook Islands1.41 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Topic: Costa Rica3.3 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Cote d'Ivoire0.16 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Croatia3.47 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Cuba8.42 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: CuracaoNA

Topic: Cyprus3.14 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Czechia4.15 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Denmark4.23 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Djibouti0.22 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Topic: Dominica1.1 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Dominican Republic1.45 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Ecuador2.22 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Topic: Egypt0.75 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: El Salvador2.87 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Equatorial Guinea0.4 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Topic: Eritrea0.08 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Estonia3.47 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Eswatini0.14 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Ethiopia0.11 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)NA

Topic: Faroe Islands2.62 physicians/1,000 population (2016)

Topic: Fiji0.86 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

Topic: Finland4.64 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: France3.27 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: French PolynesiaNA

Topic: Gabon0.65 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Gambia, The0.08 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Gaza Strip2.71 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Georgia5.11 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Germany4.44 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Ghana0.17 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: GibraltarNA

Topic: Greece6.31 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Greenland1.87 physicians/1,000 population (2016)

Topic: Grenada1.44 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Guatemala1.24 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Guinea0.23 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Guinea-Bissau0.2 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Guyana1.42 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Haiti0.23 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Honduras0.5 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Hong Kong2.04 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Hungary6.06 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Iceland4.14 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: India0.74 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Indonesia0.62 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Iran1.58 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Iraq0.97 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Ireland3.49 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Isle of ManNA

Topic: Israel3.63 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Italy3.95 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Jamaica0.53 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Japan2.48 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: JerseyNA

Topic: Jordan2.66 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Kazakhstan3.98 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Kenya0.16 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Kiribati0.2 physicians/1,000 population (2013)

Topic: Korea, North3.68 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Topic: Korea, South2.48 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: KosovoNA

Topic: Kuwait2.34 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Kyrgyzstan2.21 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Topic: Laos0.35 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Latvia3.4 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Lebanon2.21 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Lesotho0.47 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Liberia0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Libya2.09 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Topic: LiechtensteinNA

Topic: Lithuania5.08 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Luxembourg3.01 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Topic: MacauNA

Topic: Madagascar0.2 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Malawi0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Malaysia1.54 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Maldives2.05 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Mali0.13 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Malta2.86 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

Topic: Marshall Islands0.42 physicians/1,000 population (2012)

Topic: Mauritania0.19 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Mauritius2.71 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Mexico2.43 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Moldova3.1 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Monaco7.51 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Topic: Mongolia3.85 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Montenegro2.74 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: MontserratNA

Topic: Morocco0.73 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara

Topic: Mozambique0.09 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Namibia0.59 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Nauru1.35 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

Topic: Nepal0.85 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Netherlands4.08 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: New CaledoniaNA

Topic: New Zealand3.62 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Nicaragua1.67 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Niger0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Nigeria0.38 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: NiueNA

Topic: Norfolk IslandNA

Topic: North Macedonia2.87 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

Topic: Northern Mariana IslandsNA

Topic: Norway5.04 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Oman1.77 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Pakistan1.12 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Palau1.77 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Panama1.63 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Papua New Guinea0.07 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Paraguay1.05 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Peru1.37 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Philippines0.77 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Pitcairn IslandsNA

Topic: Poland3.77 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Portugal5.48 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Puerto Rico3.06 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Qatar2.49 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Romania2.98 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Topic: Russia3.82 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Rwanda0.12 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Saint BarthelemyNA

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da CunhaNA

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevis2.77 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Saint Lucia0.64 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Topic: Saint MartinNA

Topic: Saint Pierre and MiquelonNA

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.66 physicians/1,000 population (2012)

Topic: Samoa0.6 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: San Marino6.11 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Topic: Sao Tome and Principe0.49 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Saudi Arabia2.74 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Senegal0.09 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Serbia3.11 physicians/1,000 population (2016)

Topic: Seychelles2.25 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Sierra Leone0.07 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Singapore2.46 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Sint MaartenNA

Topic: Slovakia3.57 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Slovenia3.28 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Solomon Islands0.19 physicians/1,000 population (2016)

Topic: Somalia0.02 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Topic: South Africa0.79 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Spain4.44 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Sri Lanka1.23 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Sudan0.26 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Topic: Suriname0.82 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: SvalbardNA

Topic: Sweden7.09 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Switzerland4.38 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Syria1.29 physicians/1,000 population (2016)

Topic: TaiwanNA

Topic: Tajikistan1.72 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Topic: Tanzania0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Thailand0.95 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Timor-Leste0.76 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Togo0.08 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: TokelauNA

Topic: Tonga0.95 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Trinidad and Tobago4.48 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Tunisia1.3 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Topic: Turkey (Turkiye)1.93 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: Turkmenistan2.23 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Topic: Turks and Caicos IslandsNA

Topic: Tuvalu1.19 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Uganda0.15 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: Ukraine2.99 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Topic: United Arab Emirates2.6 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Topic: United Kingdom3 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: United States2.61 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Uruguay4.94 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Topic: Uzbekistan2.37 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Topic: Vanuatu0.17 physicians/1,000 population (2016)

Topic: Venezuela1.73 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Topic: Vietnam0.83 physicians/1,000 population (2016)

Topic: Virgin IslandsNA

Topic: Wallis and FutunaNA

Topic: West Bank3.25 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Topic: WorldNA

Topic: Yemen0.53 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Topic: Zambia1.17 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Topic: Zimbabwe0.2 physicians/1,000 population (2020)


Topic: Introduction
Background: Timor was actively involved in Southeast Asian trading networks for centuries and by the 14th century exported aromatic sandalwood, slaves, honey, and wax. By mid-16th century, the Portuguese had colonized the island. It was incorporated into Indonesia in July 1976 as the province of Timor Timur (East Timor). On 20 May 2002, Timor-Leste was internationally recognized as an independent state.Timor was actively involved in Southeast Asian trading networks for centuries and by the 14th century exported aromatic sandalwood, slaves, honey, and wax. By mid-16th century, the Portuguese had colonized the island. It was incorporated into Indonesia in July 1976 as the province of Timor Timur (East Timor). On 20 May 2002, Timor-Leste was internationally recognized as an independent state.

Topic: Geography
Area: total: 14,874 sq km

land: 14,874 sq km

water: 0 sq km
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons
Natural resources: gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble

Topic: People and Society
Population: 1,445,006 (2022 est.)
Ethnic groups: Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) (includes Tetun, Mambai, Tokodede, Galoli, Kemak, Baikeno), Melanesian-Papuan (includes Bunak, Fataluku, Bakasai), small Chinese minority
Languages: Tetun Prasa 30.6%, Mambai 16.6%, Makasai 10.5%, Tetun Terik 6.1%, Baikenu 5.9%, Kemak 5.8%, Bunak 5.5%, Tokodede 4%, Fataluku 3.5%, Waima'a 1.8%, Galoli 1.4%, Naueti 1.4%, Idate 1.2%, Midiki 1.2%, other 4.5% (2015 est.)
Religions: Roman Catholic 97.6%, Protestant/Evangelical 2%, Muslim 0.2%, other 0.2% (2015 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.15% (2022 est.)

Topic: Government
Government type: semi-presidential republic
Capital: name: Dili
Executive branch: chief of state: President José RAMOS-HORTA (since May 2022); note - the president is commander in chief of the military and is able to veto legislation, dissolve parliament, and call national elections

head of government: Prime Minister Taur Matan RUAK (since 22 June 2018)
Legislative branch: description: unicameral National Parliament (65 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: lower middle-income Southeast Asian economy; government expenditures funded via oil fund drawdowns; endemic corruption undermines growth; foreign aid-dependent; wide-scale poverty, unemployment, and illiteracylower middle-income Southeast Asian economy; government expenditures funded via oil fund drawdowns; endemic corruption undermines growth; foreign aid-dependent; wide-scale poverty, unemployment, and illiteracy
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $4.19 billion (2020 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $3,200 (2020 est.)
Agricultural products: rice, maize, vegetables, coffee, roots/tubers nes, other meats, cassava, pork, beans, mangoes/guavas
Industries: printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth
Exports: $60 million (2020 est.)
Exports - partners: Singapore 51%, China 20%, Japan 9%, Indonesia 6% (2019)
Exports - commodities: crude petroleum, natural gas, coffee, various vegetables, scrap iron (2019)
Imports: $850 million (2020 est.)
Imports - partners: Indonesia 39%, China 27%, Singapore 10%, Malaysia 5% (2019)
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, cars, cement, delivery trucks, motorcycles (2019)Page last updated: Tuesday, Aug 02, 2022


Topic: Introduction
Background: The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world and dating back at least 5,000 years, spread over much of what is presently Pakistan. The British came to dominate the region in the 18th century. The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West and East sections) and largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved and the countries continue to spar over the disputed Kashmir territory.The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world and dating back at least 5,000 years, spread over much of what is presently Pakistan. The British came to dominate the region in the 18th century. The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West and East sections) and largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved and the countries continue to spar over the disputed Kashmir territory.

Topic: Geography
Area: total: 796,095 sq km

land: 770,875 sq km

water: 25,220 sq km
Climate: mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north
Natural resources: arable land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone

Topic: People and Society
Population: 242,923,845 (2022 est.)
Ethnic groups: Punjabi 44.7%, Pashtun (Pathan) 15.4%, Sindhi 14.1%, Saraiki 8.4%, Muhajirs 7.6%, Balochi 3.6%, other 6.3%
Languages: Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Saraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashto (alternate name, Pashtu) 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%
Religions: Muslim (official) 96.5% (Sunni 85-90%, Shia 10-15%), other (includes Christian and Hindu) 3.5% (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.95% (2022 est.)

Topic: Government
Government type: federal parliamentary republic
Capital: name: Islamabad
Executive branch: chief of state: President Arif ALVI (since 9 September 2018)

head of government: Prime Minister Shehbaz SHARIF (since 11 April 2022); former Prime Minister Imran KHAN on 10 April lost a no-confidence vote in the National Assembly
Legislative branch: description: bicameral Parliament or Majlis-e-Shoora consists of:
Senate (100 seats; members indirectly elected by the 4 provincial assemblies and the territories' representatives by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
National Assembly (342 seats; 272 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 70 members - 60 women and 10 non-Muslims - directly elected by proportional representation vote; all members serve 5-year terms)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: lower middle-income South Asian economy; extremely high debt; endemic corruption; major currency devaluation; major food insecurity and inflation; environmentally fragile agricultural sector; regional disputes with India and Afghanistan hinder investmentlower middle-income South Asian economy; extremely high debt; endemic corruption; major currency devaluation; major food insecurity and inflation; environmentally fragile agricultural sector; regional disputes with India and Afghanistan hinder investment
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $1,021,130,000,000 (2020 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $4,600 (2020 est.)
Agricultural products: sugar cane, buffalo milk, wheat, milk, rice, maize, potatoes, cotton, fruit, mangoes/guavas
Industries: textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, surgical instruments, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp
Exports: $27.3 billion (2020 est.)
Exports - partners: United States 14%, China 8%, Germany 7%, United Kingdom 6% (2019)
Exports - commodities: textiles, clothing and apparel, rice, leather goods, surgical instruments (2019)
Imports: $51.07 billion (2020 est.)
Imports - partners: China 28%, United Arab Emirates 11%, United States 5% (2019)
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, crude petroleum, natural gas, palm oil, scrap iron (2019)
Exchange rates: Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US dollar -Page last updated: Thursday, May 12, 2022


This entry is the country's total exports of refined petroleum products, in barrels per day (bbl/day).

Topic: Afghanistan0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Albania3,250 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Algeria578,800 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: American Samoa0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Angola30,340 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Antigua and Barbuda91 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Argentina58,360 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Armenia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Aruba0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Australia64,120 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Austria49,960 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Azerbaijan46,480 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Bahamas, The0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Bahrain245,300 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Bangladesh901 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Barbados0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Belarus351,200 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Belgium680,800 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Belize0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Benin1,514 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Bermuda0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Bhutan0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Bolivia9,686 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovina4,603 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Botswana0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Brazil279,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: British Virgin Islands0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Brunei0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Bulgaria92,720 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Burkina Faso0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Burma0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Burundi0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Cabo Verde0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Cambodia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Cameroon8,545 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Canada1.115 million bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Cayman Islands0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Central African Republic0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Chad0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Chile7,359 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: China848,400 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Colombia56,900 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Comoros0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of the0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Congo, Republic of the5,766 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Cook Islands0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Costa Rica0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Cote d'Ivoire31,450 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Croatia40,530 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Cuba24,190 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Curacao167,500 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Cyprus500 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Czechia52,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Denmark133,700 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Djibouti403 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Dominica0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Dominican Republic0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Ecuador25,870 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Egypt47,360 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: El Salvador347 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Equatorial Guinea0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Eritrea0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Estonia27,150 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Eswatini0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Ethiopia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: European Union2.196 million bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Faroe Islands0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Fiji0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Finland166,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: France440,600 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: French Polynesia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Gabon4,662 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Gambia, The42 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Georgia2,052 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Germany494,000 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Ghana2,654 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Gibraltar0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Greece371,900 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Greenland0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Grenada0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Guam0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Guatemala10,810 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Guinea0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Guinea-Bissau0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Guyana0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Haiti0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Honduras12,870 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Hong Kong13,570 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Hungary58,720 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Iceland2,530 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: India1.305 million bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Indonesia79,930 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Iran397,200 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Iraq8,284 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Ireland37,040 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Israel111,700 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Italy615,900 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Jamaica823 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Japan370,900 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Jordan0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Kazakhstan105,900 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Kenya173 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Kiribati0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Korea, North0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Korea, South1.396 million bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Kosovo192 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Kuwait705,500 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Kyrgyzstan2,290 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Laos0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Latvia16,180 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Lebanon0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Lesotho0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Liberia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Libya16,880 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Lithuania174,800 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Luxembourg0 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Macau0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Madagascar0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Malawi0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Malaysia208,400 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Maldives0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Mali0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Malta10,400 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Marshall Islands0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Mauritania0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Mauritius0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Mexico155,800 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States of0 bbl/day

Topic: Moldova275 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Mongolia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Montenegro357 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Montserrat0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Morocco9,504 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Mozambique0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Namibia80 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Nauru0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Nepal0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Netherlands2.406 million bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: New Caledonia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: New Zealand1,782 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Nicaragua460 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Niger5,422 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Nigeria2,332 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Niue0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: North Macedonia3,065 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Norway432,800 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Oman33,700 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Pakistan25,510 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Panama66 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Papua New Guinea0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Paraguay0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Peru62,640 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Philippines26,710 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Poland104,800 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Portugal143,500 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Puerto Rico18,420 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Qatar485,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Romania103,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Russia2.671 million bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Rwanda0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevis0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Saint Lucia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Saint Pierre and Miquelon0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Samoa0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Sao Tome and Principe0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Saudi Arabia1.784 million bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Senegal4,063 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Serbia15,750 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Seychelles0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Sierra Leone0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Singapore1.82 million bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Sint Maarten0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Slovakia81,100 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Slovenia29,350 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Solomon Islands0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Somalia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: South Africa105,600 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: South Sudan0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Spain562,400 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Sri Lanka3,871 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Sudan8,541 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Suriname14,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Svalbard4,488 bbl/day (2012 est.)

Topic: Sweden371,100 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Switzerland7,345 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Syria12,520 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Taiwan349,600 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Tajikistan0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Tanzania0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Thailand278,300 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Timor-Leste0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Togo0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Tonga0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Trinidad and Tobago106,100 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Tunisia13,660 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Turkey (Turkiye)141,600 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Turkmenistan53,780 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Turks and Caicos Islands0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Tuvalu0 bbl/day

Topic: Uganda0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Ukraine1,828 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: United Arab Emirates817,700 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: United Kingdom613,800 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: United States5.218 million bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Uruguay0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Uzbekistan3,977 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Vanuatu0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Venezuela325,800 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Vietnam25,620 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Virgin Islands3,285 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: West Bank19 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: World29.66 million bbl/day (2014 est.)

Topic: Yemen12,670 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Zambia371 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Zimbabwe0 bbl/day (2015 est.)