Topic: Photos of Norway

Topic: Introduction
Background: Two centuries of Viking raids into Europe tapered off following the adoption of Christianity by King Olav TRYGGVASON in 994; conversion of the Norwegian kingdom occurred over the next several decades. In 1397, Norway was absorbed into a union with Denmark that lasted more than four centuries. In 1814, Norwegians resisted the cession of their country to Sweden and adopted a new constitution. Sweden then invaded Norway but agreed to let Norway keep its constitution in return for accepting the union under a Swedish king. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Although Norway remained neutral in World War I, it suffered heavy losses to its shipping. Norway proclaimed its neutrality at the outset of World War II but was nonetheless occupied for five years by Nazi Germany (1940-45). In 1949, Norway abandoned neutrality and became a member of NATO. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economic fortunes. In referenda held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU. Key domestic issues include immigration and integration of ethnic minorities, maintaining the country's extensive social safety net with an aging population, and preserving economic competitiveness.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden
Geographic coordinates: 62 00 N, 10 00 E
Map references: Europe
Area: total: 323,802 sq km

land: 304,282 sq km

water: 19,520 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly larger than twice the size of Georgia; slightly larger than New Mexico
Land boundaries: total: 2,566 km

border countries (3): Finland 709 km; Sweden 1,666 km; Russia 191 km
Coastline: 25,148 km (includes mainland 2,650 km, as well as long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 22,498 km; length of island coastlines 58,133 km)
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 10 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm
Climate: temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast
Terrain: glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north
Elevation: highest point: Galdhopiggen 2,469 m

lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m

mean elevation: 460 m
Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, hydropower
Land use: agricultural land: 2.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 2.2% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 27.8% (2018 est.)

other: 69.5% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 900 sq km (2012)
Population distribution: most Norwegians live in the south where the climate is milder and there is better connectivity to mainland Europe; population clusters are found all along the North Sea coast in the southwest, and Skaggerak in the southeast; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated
Natural hazards: rockslides, avalanchesvolcanism: Beerenberg (2,227 m) on Jan Mayen Island in the Norwegian Sea is the country's only active volcanorockslides, avalanchesvolcanism: Beerenberg (2,227 m) on Jan Mayen Island in the Norwegian Sea is the country's only active volcano
Geography - note: about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much-indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of the most rugged and longest coastlines in the world
Map description: Norway map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Norwegian and North Seas.Norway map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Norwegian and North Seas.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 5,553,840 (2022 est.)
Nationality: noun: Norwegian(s)

adjective: Norwegian
Ethnic groups: Norwegian 81.5% (includes about 60,000 Sami), other European 8.9%, other 9.6% (2021 est.)
Languages: Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities; note - Sami has three dialects: Lule, North Sami, and South Sami; Sami is an official language in nine municipalities in Norway's three northernmost counties: Finnmark, Nordland, and Troms

major-language sample(s):
Verdens Faktabok, den essensielle kilden for grunnleggende informasjon. (Norwegian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions: Church of Norway (Evangelical Lutheran - official) 67.5%, Muslim 3.1%, Roman Catholic 3.1%, other Christian 3.8%, other 2.6%, unspecified 19.9% (2021 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 17.96% (male 503,013/female 478,901)

15-24 years: 12.02% (male 336,597/female 320,720)

25-54 years: 40.75% (male 1,150,762/female 1,077,357)

55-64 years: 11.84% (male 328,865/female 318,398)

65 years and over: 17.43% (2020 est.) (male 442,232/female 510,594)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 53.3

youth dependency ratio: 26.5

elderly dependency ratio: 26.9

potential support ratio: 3.7 (2020 est.)

note: data include Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
Median age: total: 39.5 years

male: 38.8 years

female: 40.2 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.8% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 12 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 7.96 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: 3.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution: most Norwegians live in the south where the climate is milder and there is better connectivity to mainland Europe; population clusters are found all along the North Sea coast in the southwest, and Skaggerak in the southeast; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated
Urbanization: urban population: 83.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
Major urban areas - population: 1.071 million OSLO (capital) (2022)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female

total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 29.8 years (2020 est.)

note: data is calculated based on actual age at first births
Maternal mortality ratio: 2 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 2.31 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 2.65 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 1.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 82.55 years

male: 80.42 years

female: 84.79 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.83 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: NA
Drinking water source: improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
Current Health Expenditure: 10.5% (2019)
Physicians density: 5.04 physicians/1,000 population (2020)
Hospital bed density: 3.5 beds/1,000 population (2018)
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.1% (2018 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 5,800 (2018 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: (2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 23.1% (2016)
Tobacco use: total: 16.2% (2020 est.)

male: 17% (2020 est.)

female: 15.4% (2020 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: NA
Education expenditures: 7.6% of GDP (2018 est.)
Literacy: total population: NA

male: NA

female: NA
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 18 years

male: 18 years

female: 19 years (2019)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 11.3%

male: 12.1%

female: 10.5% (2020 est.)

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions
Environment - international agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Air pollutants: particulate matter emissions: 7.02 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 41.02 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 4.81 megatons (2020 est.)
Climate: temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast
Land use: agricultural land: 2.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 2.2% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 27.8% (2018 est.)

other: 69.5% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 83.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
Revenue from forest resources: forest revenues: 0.05% of GDP (2018 est.)
Revenue from coal: coal revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 2.187 million tons (2015 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually: 572,119 tons (2015 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 26.2% (2015 est.)
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 775.3 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

industrial: 1.071 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

agricultural: 844.9 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 393 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway

conventional short form: Norway

local long form: Kongeriket Norge

local short form: Norge

etymology: derives from the Old Norse words "nordr" and "vegr" meaning "northern way" and refers to the long coastline of western Norway
Government type: parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Capital: name: Oslo

geographic coordinates: 59 55 N, 10 45 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the medieval name was spelt "Aslo"; the "as" component refered either to the Ekeberg ridge southeast of the town ("as" in modern Norwegian), or to the Aesir (Norse gods); "lo" refered to "meadow," so the most likely interpretations would have been either "the meadow beneath the ridge" or "the meadow of the gods"; both explanations are considered equally plausible
Administrative divisions: 18 counties (fylker, singular - fylke); Akershus, Aust-Agder, Buskerud, Finnmark, Hedmark, Hordaland, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Oppland, Oslo, Ostfold, Rogaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Telemark, Troms, Trondelag, Vest-Agder, Vestfold
Dependent areas: Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard
Independence: 7 June 1905 (declared the union with Sweden dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union); notable earlier dates: ca. 872 (traditional unification of petty Norwegian kingdoms by HARALD Fairhair); 1397 (Kalmar Union of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden); 1524 (Denmark-Norway); 17 May 1814 (Norwegian constitution adopted); 4 November 1814 (Sweden-Norway union confirmed)
National holiday: Constitution Day, 17 May (1814)
Constitution: history: drafted spring 1814, adopted 16 May 1814, signed by Constituent Assembly 17 May 1814

amendments: proposals submitted by members of Parliament or by the government within the first three years of Parliament's four-year term; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of a two-thirds quorum in the next elected Parliament; amended over 400 times, last in 2020
Legal system: mixed legal system of civil, common, and customary law; Supreme Court can advise on legislative acts
International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Norway

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS (son of the monarch, born 20 July 1973)

head of government: Prime Minister Jonas Gahr STORE (since 14 October 2021); note - Prime Minister Erna SOLBERG resigned on 12 October 2021

cabinet: Council of State appointed by the monarch, approved by Parliament

elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; following parliamentary elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch with the approval of the parliament
Legislative branch: description: unicameral Parliament or Storting (169 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)

elections: last held on 13 September 2021 (next to be held on 30 September 2025)

election results: percent of vote by party - Ap 26.3%, H 20.5%, SP 13.6%, FrP 11.7%, SV 7.6%, R 4.7%, V 4.6%, MDG 3.9%, KrF 3.8%, PF 0.2%, other 3.1%; seats by party - Ap 48, H 36, SP 28, FrP 21, SV 13, R 8, V 8, , KrF 3, MDG 3, PF 1; composition (as of October 2021) men 93, women 76, percent of women 45%percent of vote by party - Ap 26.3%, H 20.5%, SP 13.6%, FrP 11.7%, SV 7.6%, R 4.7%, V 4.6%, MDG 3.9%, KrF 3.8%, PF 0.2%, other 3.1%; seats by party - Ap 48, H 36, SP 28, FrP 21, SV 13, R 8, V 8, , KrF 3, MDG 3, PF 1; composition (as of October 2021) men 93, women 76, percent of women 45%
Judicial branch: highest courts: Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (consists of the chief justice and 18 associate justices)

judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the monarch (King in Council) upon the recommendation of the Judicial Appointments Board; justices can serve until mandatory retirement at age 70

subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal or Lagmennsrett; regional and district courts; Conciliation Boards; ordinary and special courts; note - in addition to professionally trained judges, elected lay judges sit on the bench with professional judges in the Courts of Appeal and district courts
Political parties and leaders: Center Party or Sp [Trygve Slagsvold VEDUM]
Christian Democratic Party or KrF [Olaug BOLLESTAD]
Conservative Party or H [Erna SOLBERG]
Green Party or MDG [Une Aina BASTHOLM]
Labor Party or Ap [Jonas Gahr STORE]
Liberal Party or V [Guri MELBY]
Patient Focus or PF [Irene OJALA]
Progress Party or FrP [Sylvi LISTHAUG]
Red Party or R [Bjonar MOXNES]
Socialist Left Party or SV [Audun LYSBAKKEN]Center Party or Sp [Trygve Slagsvold VEDUM]
Christian Democratic Party or KrF [Olaug BOLLESTAD]
Conservative Party or H [Erna SOLBERG]
Green Party or MDG [Une Aina BASTHOLM]
Labor Party or Ap [Jonas Gahr STORE]
Liberal Party or V [Guri MELBY]
Patient Focus or PF [Irene OJALA]
Progress Party or FrP [Sylvi LISTHAUG]
Red Party or R [Bjonar MOXNES]
Socialist Left Party or SV [Audun LYSBAKKEN]
International organization participation: ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Anniken Ramberg KRUTNES (since 17 September 2020)

chancery: 2720 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 333-6000

FAX: [1] (202) 469-3990

email address and website:
emb.washington@mfa.no

https://www.norway.no/en/usa/

consulate(s) general: Houston, New York, San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Marc NATHANSON (since 16 June 2022)

embassy: Morgedalsvegen 36, 0378 Oslo

mailing address: 5460 Oslo Place,  Washington DC  20521-5460

telephone: [47] 21-30-85-40

FAX: [47] 22-56-27-51

email address and website:
OsloACS@state.gov

https://no.usembassy.gov/
Flag description: red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the colors recall Norway's past political unions with Denmark (red and white) and Sweden (blue)
National symbol(s): lion; national colors: red, white, blue
National anthem: name: "Ja, vi elsker dette landet" (Yes, We Love This Country)

lyrics/music: lyrics/music: Bjornstjerne BJORNSON/Rikard NORDRAAK

note: adopted 1864; in addition to the national anthem, "Kongesangen" (Song of the King), which uses the tune of "God Save the Queen," serves as the royal anthem
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 8 (7 cultural, 1 natural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Bryggen (c); Urnes Stave Church (c); Røros Mining Town and the Circumference (c); Rock Art of Alta (c); Vegaøyan – The Vega Archipelago (c); Struve Geodetic Arc (c); West Norwegian Fjords – Geirangerfjord and Nærøyfjord (n); Rjukan-Notodden Industrial Heritage Site (c)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: Norway has a stable economy with a vibrant private sector, a large state sector, and an extensive social safety net. Norway opted out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994. However, as a member of the European Economic Area, Norway partially participates in the EU’s single market and contributes sizably to the EU budget.   The country is richly endowed with natural resources such as oil and gas, fish, forests, and minerals. Norway is a leading producer and the world’s second largest exporter of seafood, after China. The government manages the country’s petroleum resources through extensive regulation. The petroleum sector provides about 9% of jobs, 12% of GDP, 13% of the state’s revenue, and 37% of exports, according to official national estimates. Norway is one of the world's leading petroleum exporters, although oil production is close to 50% below its peak in 2000. Gas production, conversely, has more than doubled since 2000. Although oil production is historically low, it rose in 2016 for the third consecutive year due to the higher production of existing oil fields and to new fields coming on stream. Norway’s domestic electricity production relies almost entirely on hydropower.   In anticipation of eventual declines in oil and gas production, Norway saves state revenue from petroleum sector activities in the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, valued at over $1 trillion at the end of 2017. To help balance the federal budget each year, the government follows a "fiscal rule," which states that spending of revenues from petroleum and fund investments shall correspond to the expected real rate of return on the fund, an amount it estimates is sustainable over time. In February 2017, the government revised the expected rate of return for the fund downward from 4% to 3%.   After solid GDP growth in the 2004-07 period, the economy slowed in 2008, and contracted in 2009, before returning to modest, positive growth from 2010 to 2017. The Norwegian economy has been adjusting to lower energy prices, as demonstrated by growth in labor force participation and employment in 2017. GDP growth was about 1.5% in 2017, driven largely by domestic demand, which has been boosted by the rebound in the labor market and supportive fiscal policies. Economic growth is expected to remain constant or improve slightly in the next few years.Norway has a stable economy with a vibrant private sector, a large state sector, and an extensive social safety net. Norway opted out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994. However, as a member of the European Economic Area, Norway partially participates in the EU’s single market and contributes sizably to the EU budget. The country is richly endowed with natural resources such as oil and gas, fish, forests, and minerals. Norway is a leading producer and the world’s second largest exporter of seafood, after China. The government manages the country’s petroleum resources through extensive regulation. The petroleum sector provides about 9% of jobs, 12% of GDP, 13% of the state’s revenue, and 37% of exports, according to official national estimates. Norway is one of the world's leading petroleum exporters, although oil production is close to 50% below its peak in 2000. Gas production, conversely, has more than doubled since 2000. Although oil production is historically low, it rose in 2016 for the third consecutive year due to the higher production of existing oil fields and to new fields coming on stream. Norway’s domestic electricity production relies almost entirely on hydropower. In anticipation of eventual declines in oil and gas production, Norway saves state revenue from petroleum sector activities in the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, valued at over $1 trillion at the end of 2017. To help balance the federal budget each year, the government follows a "fiscal rule," which states that spending of revenues from petroleum and fund investments shall correspond to the expected real rate of return on the fund, an amount it estimates is sustainable over time. In February 2017, the government revised the expected rate of return for the fund downward from 4% to 3%. After solid GDP growth in the 2004-07 period, the economy slowed in 2008, and contracted in 2009, before returning to modest, positive growth from 2010 to 2017. The Norwegian economy has been adjusting to lower energy prices, as demonstrated by growth in labor force participation and employment in 2017. GDP growth was about 1.5% in 2017, driven largely by domestic demand, which has been boosted by the rebound in the labor market and supportive fiscal policies. Economic growth is expected to remain constant or improve slightly in the next few years.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $342.06 billion (2020 est.)

$344.69 billion (2019 est.)

$341.78 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
Real GDP growth rate: 0.86% (2019 est.)

1.36% (2018 est.)

2.75% (2017 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $63,600 (2020 est.)

$64,500 (2019 est.)

$64,300 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): $405.695 billion (2019 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.1% (2019 est.)

2.7% (2018 est.)

1.8% (2017 est.)
Credit ratings: Fitch rating: AAA (1995)

Moody's rating: Aaa (1997)

Standard & Poors rating: AAA (1975)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 2.3% (2017 est.)

industry: 33.7% (2017 est.)

services: 64% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 44.8% (2017 est.)

government consumption: 24% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 24.1% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories: 4.8% (2017 est.)

exports of goods and services: 35.5% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services: -33.2% (2017 est.)
Agricultural products: milk, barley, wheat, potatoes, oats, pork, poultry, beef, eggs, rye
Industries: petroleum and gas, shipping, fishing, aquaculture, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles
Industrial production growth rate: 1.5% (2017 est.)
Labor force: 2.699 million (2020 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 2.1%

industry: 19.3%

services: 78.6% (2016 est.)
Unemployment rate: 3.72% (2019 est.)

3.89% (2018 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 11.3%

male: 12.1%

female: 10.5% (2020 est.)
Population below poverty line: 12.7% (2018 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 27 (2017 est.)

25.8 (1995)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.8%

highest 10%: 21.2% (2014)
Budget: revenues: 217.1 billion (2017 est.)

expenditures: 199.5 billion (2017 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): 4.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Public debt: 36.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

36.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Taxes and other revenues: 54.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Current account balance: $16.656 billion (2019 est.)

$31.111 billion (2018 est.)
Exports: $117.06 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$146.71 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$165.37 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners: United Kingdom 18%, Germany 14%, Netherlands 10%, Sweden 9%, France 6%, United States 5% (2019)
Exports - commodities: crude petroleum, natural gas, fish, refined petroleum, aluminum (2019)
Imports: $119.08 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$140.14 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$140.3 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners: Sweden 17%, Germany 12%, China 8%, Denmark 7%, United States 6%, United Kingdom 5%, Netherlands 5% (2019)
Imports - commodities: cars, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, natural gas, crude petroleum (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $65.92 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$57.46 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
Debt - external: $651.04 billion (2019 est.)

$648.878 billion (2018 est.)

note: Norway is a net external creditor
Exchange rates: Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar -

8.81535 (2020 est.)

9.14245 (2019 est.)

8.4837 (2018 est.)

8.0646 (2014 est.)

6.3021 (2013 est.)

Topic: Energy
Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2020)
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 38.36 million kW (2020 est.)

consumption: 124.288 billion kWh (2020 est.)

exports: 24.968 billion kWh (2020 est.)

imports: 4.496 billion kWh (2020 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 8.909 billion kWh (2020 est.)
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 1.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

solar: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

wind: 6.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

hydroelectricity: 92.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

biomass and waste: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Coal: production: 69,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

consumption: 1.13 million metric tons (2020 est.)

exports: 46,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

imports: 1.172 million metric tons (2020 est.)

proven reserves: 2 million metric tons (2019 est.)
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 2.026 million bbl/day (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 215,900 bbl/day (2019 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate exports: 1,242,500 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate imports: 66,300 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves: 8,122,200,000 barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 371,600 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 432,800 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 135,300 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Natural gas: production: 112,052,523,000 cubic meters (2020 est.)

consumption: 3,980,351,000 cubic meters (2020 est.)

exports: 107,337,690,000 cubic meters (2020 est.)

imports: 32.196 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

proven reserves: 1,544,455,000,000 cubic meters (2021 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 36.731 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 3.182 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 25.256 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 8.294 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: 333.833 million Btu/person (2019 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 348,808 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 6 (2020 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 5,825,584 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 107 (2020 est.)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: Norway has a sophisticated telecom market with high broadband and mobile penetration rates and a highly developed digital media sector; although not a member of the European Union, the country’s telecoms sector is synchronized with relevant EC legislation; Telenor is the dominant operator in all sectors, though there is increasing competition from new entrants; Telia Norway increased its market share by acquiring the operations of Tele2, Phonero and Get; Norway enjoys near comprehensive LTE coverage, while both Telenor and Telia are looking to close their 3G and 2G networks (by 2020 and 2025 respectively), focusing instead on LTE and 5G technologies; the mobile broadband sector was bolstered by the auction of spectrum in the 700MHz and 21MHz band in June 2019; additional spectrum in the 700MHz is expected to be auctioned for mobile broadband use (5G) in 2021; the broadband penetration rate is among the highest in Europe, while in recent years subscribers have been migrated to faster broadband solutions over fiber networks, VDSL and upgraded cable infrastructure; the leading ISPs Telenor and NextGenTel have also deployed services based on G.fast technology; the regulator has called on the government to help fund additional cable infrastructure to reduce the country’s dependence on Telenor’s networks; in late 2019 the government proposed making broadband of at least 20Mb/s a universal service. (2021)

domestic: Norway has a domestic satellite system; the prevalence of rural areas encourages the wide use of mobile-cellular systems; fixed-line over 6 per 100 and mobile-cellular nearly 108 per 100 (2020)

international: country code - 47; landing points for the Svalbard Undersea Cable System, Polar Circle Cable, Bodo-Rost Cable, NOR5KE Viking, Celtic Norse, Tempnet Offshore FOC Network, England Cable, Denmark-Norwary6, Havfrue/AEC-2, Skagerrak 4, and the Skagenfiber West & East submarine cables providing links to other Nordic countries, Europe and the US; satellite earth stations - Eutelsat, Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden) (2019)

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
Broadcast media: state-owned public radio-TV broadcaster operates 3 nationwide TV stations, 3 nationwide radio stations, and 16 regional radio stations; roughly a dozen privately owned TV stations broadcast nationally and roughly another 25 local TV stations broadcasting; nearly 75% of households have access to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; 2 privately owned radio stations broadcast nationwide and another 240 stations operate locally; Norway is the first country in the world to phase out FM radio in favor of Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), a process scheduled for completion in late 2017 (2019)
Internet country code: .no
Internet users: total: 5,218,091 (2020 est.)

percent of population: 97% (2020 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 2,387,661 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 44 (2020 est.)

Topic: Transportation
National air transport system: number of registered air carriers: 8 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 125
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: LN
Airports: total: 95 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 67

2,438 to 3,047 m: 14

1,524 to 2,437 m: 10

914 to 1,523 m: 22

under 914 m: 21 (2021)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 28

914 to 1,523 m: 6

under 914 m: 22 (2021)
Heliports: 1 (2021)
Pipelines: 8,520 km gas, 1,304 km oil/condensate (2017)
Railways: total: 4,200 km (2019)

standard gauge: 4,200 km (2019) 1.435-m gauge (2,480 km electrified)
Roadways: total: 94,902 km (2018) (includes 455 km of expressways)
Waterways: 1,577 km (2010)
Merchant marine: total: 1,644

by type: bulk carrier 109, container ship 1, general cargo 242, oil tanker 96, other 1,196 (2021)
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Bergen, Haugesund, Maaloy, Mongstad, Narvik, Sture

LNG terminal(s) (export): Kamoy, Kollsnes, Melkoya Island, Tjeldbergodden

LNG terminal(s) (import): Fredrikstad, Mosjoen

Topic: Military and Security
Military and security forces: Norwegian Armed Forces: Norwegian Army (Haeren), Royal Norwegian Navy (Kongelige Norske Sjoeforsvaret; includes Coastal Rangers and Coast Guard (Kystvakt)), Royal Norwegian Air Force (Kongelige Norske Luftforsvaret), Norwegian Special Forces, Norwegian Cyber Defense Force, Home Guard (Heimevernet, HV) (2022)
Military expenditures: 1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)

2% of GDP (2020)

1.9% of GDP (2019) (approximately $8.66 billion)

1.7% of GDP (2018) (approximately $8.02 billion)

1.6% of GDP (2017) (approximately $7.11 billion)
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 23,000 active personnel (8,000 Army; 4,000 Navy; 4,000 Air Force; 7,000 other, including special operations, cyber, joint staff, intelligence, logistics support, active Home Guard, etc.); approximately 40,000 Home Guard (2022)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the Norwegian Armed Forces inventory includes mostly imported European and US weapons systems, as well as a limited mix of domestically-produced equipment, particularly small naval craft and surface-to-air missile systems; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of weapons systems to Norway (2021)
Military service age and obligation: 19-35 years of age for male and female selective compulsory military service; 17 years of age for male volunteers; 18 years of age for women; 19-month service obligation; conscripts first serve 12 months from 19-28, and then up to 4-5 refresher training periods until age 35, 44, 55, or 60 depending on rank and function (2021)

note 1: Norway conscripts about 8,000 individuals annually

note 2: Norway was the first NATO country to allow females to serve in all combat arms branches of the military (1985); it also has an all-female special operations unit known as Jegertroppen (The Hunter Troop), which was established in 2014; as of 2019, women comprised about 14% of the military's full-time personnel
Military deployments: up to 190 Lithuania (NATO) (2022)

note: in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Norway, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe
Military - note: Norway is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949

the Norwegian Armed Forces cooperate closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009 (2022)

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: Norway-Antarctica: Norway asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Queen Maud Land and its continental shelf) Norway-Russia: Russia amended its 2001 CLCS submission in 2015 and 2021, each time delineating the outer limits of its continental shelf further into the Arctic Ocean; Norway and Russia signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010, ending a dispute over an area of the Barents Sea by dividing the territory equally Norway-Sweden: none identified    Norway-Antarctica: Norway asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Queen Maud Land and its continental shelf)Norway-Russia: Russia amended its 2001 CLCS submission in 2015 and 2021, each time delineating the outer limits of its continental shelf further into the Arctic Ocean; Norway and Russia signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010, ending a dispute over an area of the Barents Sea by dividing the territory equallyNorway-Sweden: none identified
Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 15,542 (Syria), 11,965 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 22,688 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)

stateless persons: 4,154 (mid-year 2021)


Topic: Photos of Montserrat

Topic: Introduction
Background: English and Irish colonists from St. Kitts first settled on Montserrat in 1632; the first African slaves arrived three decades later. The British and French fought for possession of the island for most of the 18th century, but it finally was confirmed as a British possession in 1783. The island's sugar plantation economy was converted to small farm landholdings in the mid-19th century. Much of this island was devastated and two thirds of the population fled abroad because of the eruption of the Soufriere Hills Volcano that began on 18 July 1995. Montserrat has endured volcanic activity since, with the last eruption occurring in 2013.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico
Geographic coordinates: 16 45 N, 62 12 W
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
Area: total: 102 sq km

land: 102 sq km

water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: total: 0 km
Coastline: 40 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Climate: tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation
Terrain: volcanic island, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland
Elevation: highest point: Soufriere Hills volcano pre-eruption height was 915 m; current lava dome is subject to periodic build up and collapse; estimated dome height was 1,050 m in 2015

lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
Natural resources: NEGL
Land use: agricultural land: 30% (2018 est.)

arable land: 20% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 10% (2018 est.)

forest: 25% (2018 est.)

other: 45% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 0 sq km (2012)
Population distribution: only the northern half of the island is populated, the southern portion is uninhabitable due to volcanic activity
Natural hazards: volcanic eruptions; severe hurricanes (June to November)volcanism: Soufriere Hills volcano (915 m), has erupted continuously since 1995; a massive eruption in 1997 destroyed most of the capital, Plymouth, and resulted in approximately half of the island becoming uninhabitable; the island of Montserrat is part of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from Saba in the north to Grenada in the southvolcanic eruptions; severe hurricanes (June to November)volcanism: Soufriere Hills volcano (915 m), has erupted continuously since 1995; a massive eruption in 1997 destroyed most of the capital, Plymouth, and resulted in approximately half of the island becoming uninhabitable; the island of Montserrat is part of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from Saba in the north to Grenada in the south
Geography - note: the island is entirely volcanic in origin and comprised of three major volcanic centers of differing ages
Map description: Montserrat map showing some of the major features of this UK island territory in the Caribbean Sea.Montserrat map showing some of the major features of this UK island territory in the Caribbean Sea.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 5,414 (2022 est.)

note: an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned
Nationality: noun: Montserratian(s)

adjective: Montserratian
Ethnic groups: African/Black 86.2%, mixed 4.8%, Hispanic/Spanish 3%, Caucasian/White 2.7%, East Indian/Indian 1.6%, other 1.8% (2018 est.)
Languages: English
Religions: Protestant 71.4% (includes Anglican 17.7%, Pentecostal/Full Gospel 16.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 15%, Methodist 13.9%, Church of God 6.7%, other Protestant 2%), Roman Catholic 11.4%, Rastafarian 1.4%, Hindu 1.2%, Jehovah's Witness 1%, Muslim 0.4%, other/not stated 5.1%, none 7.9% (2018 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 15.87% (male 442/female 417)

15-24 years: 19.67% (male 556/female 509)

25-54 years: 47.09% (male 1,217/female 1,313)

55-64 years: 10.47% (male 258/female 309)

65 years and over: 7.15% (2022 est.) (male 209/female 178)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: NA

youth dependency ratio: NA

elderly dependency ratio: NA

potential support ratio: NA
Median age: total: 34.8 years

male: 34.1 years

female: 35.6 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.5% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 10.9 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 5.91 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution: only the northern half of the island is populated, the southern portion is uninhabitable due to volcanic activity
Urbanization: urban population: 9.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.94% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.08 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 1.92 male(s)/female

total population: 1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 10.36 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 8.37 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 12.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.7 years

male: 76.66 years

female: 74.7 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.32 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: NA
Drinking water source: improved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 98.1% of population

unimproved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 1.9% of population (2020 est.)
Current Health Expenditure: NA
Physicians density: NA
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: NA

unimproved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: NA
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: NA
Education expenditures: 9.1% of GDP (2019 est.)
Literacy: total population: NA

male: NA

female: NA
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 14 years

male: 13 years

female: 15 years (2019)

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: land erosion occurs on slopes that have been cleared for cultivation
Climate: tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation
Land use: agricultural land: 30% (2018 est.)

arable land: 20% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 10% (2018 est.)

forest: 25% (2018 est.)

other: 45% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 9.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.94% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Montserrat

etymology: island named by explorer Christopher COLUMBUS in 1493 after the Benedictine abbey Santa Maria de Montserrat, near Barcelona, Spain
Government type: parliamentary democracy; self-governing overseas territory of the UK
Dependency status: overseas territory of the UK
Capital: name: Plymouth; note - Plymouth was abandoned in 1997 because of volcanic activity; interim government buildings have been built at Brades Estate, the de facto capital, in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of Montserrat

geographic coordinates: 16 42 N, 62 13 W

time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: now entirely deserted because of volcanic activity, the city was originally named after Plymouth, England; de jure, Plymouth remains the capital city of Montserrat; it is therefore the only ghost town that serves as the capital of a political entity
Administrative divisions: 3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter
Independence: none (overseas territory of the UK)
National holiday: Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, usually celebrated the Monday after the second Saturday in June (1926)
Constitution: history: previous 1960; latest put into force 20 October 2010 (The Montserrat Constitution Order 2010)

amendments: amended 2011, 2020
Legal system: English common law
Citizenship: see United Kingdom
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Andrew PEARCE (since 1 February 2018)

head of government: Premier Easton TAYLOR-FARRELL (since 19 November 2019); note - effective with The Constitution Order 2010, effective October 2010, the office of premier replaced the office of chief minister

cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, the premier, 3 other ministers, the attorney general, and the finance secretary

elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually becomes premier
Legislative branch: description: unicameral Legislative Assembly (12 seats; 9 members directly elected in a single constituency by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds to serve 5-year terms; the speaker, normally elected from the outside by the Assembly for a 5-year term, and 2 ex-officio members - the attorney general and financial secretary)

elections: last held on 18 November 2019 (next scheduled for 2024)

election results: percent of vote by party - MCAP 42.7%, PDM 29.9%, other 17.1%; seats by party - MCAP 5, PDM 3, independent 1; composition, including the speaker and 2 ex-officio members - men 8, women 4, percent of women 33.3%
Judicial branch: highest courts: the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 1 assigned to Montserrat; Montserrat is also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice

judge selection and term of office: chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, and independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62

subordinate courts: magistrate's court
Political parties and leaders: Movement for Change and Prosperity or MCAP [Easton Taylor FARRELL]
People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Donaldson ROMERO]
International organization participation: Caricom, CDB, Interpol (subbureau), OECS, UPU
Diplomatic representation in the US: none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: none (overseas territory of the UK); alternate contact is the US Embassy in Barbados [1] (246) 227-4000; US Embassy Bridgetown, Wildey Business Park, St. Michael BB 14006, Barbados, WI
Flag description: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the arms feature a woman in green dress, Erin, the female personification of Ireland, standing beside a yellow harp and embracing a large dark cross with her right arm; Erin and the harp are symbols of Ireland reflecting the territory's Irish ancestry; blue represents awareness, trustworthiness, determination, and righteousness
National anthem: note: as a territory of the UK, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom)note: as a territory of the UK, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: Severe volcanic activity, which began in July 1995, has put a damper on this small, open economy. A catastrophic eruption in June 1997 closed the airport and seaports, causing further economic and social dislocation. Two-thirds of the 12,000 inhabitants fled the island. Some began to return in 1998 but lack of housing limited the number. The agriculture sector continued to be affected by the lack of suitable land for farming and the destruction of crops.   Prospects for the economy depend largely on developments in relation to the volcanic activity and on public sector construction activity. Half of the island remains uninhabitable. In January 2013, the EU announced the disbursement of a $55.2 million aid package to Montserrat in order to boost the country's economic recovery, with a specific focus on public finance management, public sector reform, and prudent economic management. Montserrat is tied to the EU through the UK. Although the UK is leaving the EU, Montserrat’s aid will not be affected as Montserrat maintains a direct agreement with the EU regarding aid.Severe volcanic activity, which began in July 1995, has put a damper on this small, open economy. A catastrophic eruption in June 1997 closed the airport and seaports, causing further economic and social dislocation. Two-thirds of the 12,000 inhabitants fled the island. Some began to return in 1998 but lack of housing limited the number. The agriculture sector continued to be affected by the lack of suitable land for farming and the destruction of crops. Prospects for the economy depend largely on developments in relation to the volcanic activity and on public sector construction activity. Half of the island remains uninhabitable. In January 2013, the EU announced the disbursement of a $55.2 million aid package to Montserrat in order to boost the country's economic recovery, with a specific focus on public finance management, public sector reform, and prudent economic management. Montserrat is tied to the EU through the UK. Although the UK is leaving the EU, Montserrat’s aid will not be affected as Montserrat maintains a direct agreement with the EU regarding aid.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $167.4 million (2011 est.)

$155.9 million (2010 est.)

$162.7 million (2009 est.)
Real GDP growth rate: 7.4% (2011 est.)

-4.2% (2010 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $34,000 (2011 est.)

$31,100 (2010 est.)

$32,300 (2009 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate): $167.4 million (2011 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.2% (2017 est.)

-0.2% (2016 est.)
Credit ratings: Standard & Poors rating: BBB- (2020)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 1.9% (2017 est.)

industry: 7.8% (2017 est.)

services: 90.3% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 90.8% (2017 est.)

government consumption: 50.4% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 17.9% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories: -0.1% (2017 est.)

exports of goods and services: 29.5% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services: -88.6% (2017 est.)
Agricultural products: cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, peppers; livestock products
Industries: tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances
Industrial production growth rate: -21% (2017 est.)
Labor force: 4,521 (2012)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 1.4%

industry: 12.7%

services: 85.9% (2017 est.)
Unemployment rate: 5.6% (2017 est.)

6% (1998 est.)
Population below poverty line: NA
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: NA

highest 10%: NA
Budget: revenues: 66.67 million (2017 est.)

expenditures: 47.04 million (2017 est.)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
Current account balance: -$15.4 million (2017 est.)

-$12.2 million (2016 est.)
Exports: $4.4 million (2017 est.)

$5.2 million (2016 est.)
Exports - partners: Antigua and Barbuda 19%, United States 18%, France 17%, Singapore 14%, Belgium 9%, Netherlands 5% (2019)
Exports - commodities: sand, iron products, seats, medical instruments, fish (2019)
Imports: $39.44 million (2017 est.)

$36.1 million (2016 est.)
Imports - partners: United States 70%, United Kingdom 6% (2019)
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, cars, oranges, electric motors, broadcasting equipment (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $47.58 million (31 December 2017 est.)

$51.47 million (31 December 2015 est.)
Debt - external: $8.9 million (1997)
Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -

2.7 (2017 est.)

2.7 (2016 est.)

2.7 (2015 est.)

2.7 (2014 est.)

2.7 (2013 est.)

Topic: Energy
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 5,000 kW (2020 est.)

consumption: 21.56 million kWh (2019 est.)

exports: 0 kWh (2020 est.)

imports: 0 kWh (2020 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 1 million kWh (2019 est.)
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

solar: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

hydroelectricity: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Coal: production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 200 bbl/day (2019 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 406 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas: production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 33,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 33,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: 0 Btu/person (2019 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 3,000 (2018 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 60 (2018 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 5,000 (2018 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 101 (2019 est.)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: telecom market one of growth in Caribbean and fully digitalized; high dependency on tourism and offshore financial services; operators expand FttP (Fiber to Home) services; LTE launches and operators invest in mobile networks; effective competition in all sectors (2020)

domestic: fixed-line roughly 60 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity nearly 101 per 100 persons (2019)

international: country code - 1-664; landing point for the ECFS optic submarine cable with links to 14 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad (2019)

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
Broadcast media: Radio Montserrat, a public radio broadcaster, transmits on 1 station and has a repeater transmission to a second station; repeater transmissions from the GEM Radio Network of Trinidad and Tobago provide another 2 radio stations; cable and satellite TV available (2007)
Internet country code: .ms
Internet users: total: 2,744 (2019 est.)

percent of population: 55% (2019 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 2,700 (2018 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 55 (2018 est.)

Topic: Transportation
National air transport system: number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 3
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: VP-M
Airports: total: 1 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 1

under 914 m: 1 (2021)
Roadways: note: volcanic eruptions that began in 1995 destroyed most of the 227 km road system; a new road infrastructure has been built on the north end of the islandnote: volcanic eruptions that began in 1995 destroyed most of the 227 km road system; a new road infrastructure has been built on the north end of the island
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Little Bay, Plymouth

Topic: Military and Security
Military and security forces: no regular military forces; Royal Montserrat Defense Force (ceremonial, civil defense duties), Montserrat Police Force
Military - note: defense is the responsibility of the UK

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: none identifiednone identified
Illicit drugs: transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe


This entry provides two measures of the degree of urbanization of a population. The first,  urban population, describes the percentage of the total population living in urban areas, as defined by the country. The second, rate of urbanization, describes the projected average rate of change of the size of the urban population over the given period of time. It is possible for a country with a 100% urban population to still display a change in the rate of urbanization (up or down). For example, a population of 100,000 that is 100% urban can change in size to 110,000 or 90,000 but remain 100% urban.

Additionally, the World entry includes a list of the ten largest urban agglomerations. An urban agglomeration is defined as comprising the city or town proper and also the suburban fringe or thickly settled territory lying outside of, but adjacent to, the boundaries of the city.

Topic: Afghanistanurban population: 26.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Albaniaurban population: 63.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.29% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Algeriaurban population: 74.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: American Samoaurban population: 87.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.26% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Andorraurban population: 87.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Angolaurban population: 68.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Anguillaurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Antigua and Barbudaurban population: 24.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Argentinaurban population: 92.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Armeniaurban population: 63.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Arubaurban population: 44.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Australiaurban population: 86.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, and Norfolk Island

Topic: Austriaurban population: 59.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Azerbaijanurban population: 57.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Nagorno-Karabakh

Topic: Bahamas, Theurban population: 83.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Bahrainurban population: 89.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Bangladeshurban population: 39.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Barbadosurban population: 31.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.46% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Belarusurban population: 80.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Belgiumurban population: 98.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Belizeurban population: 46.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.3% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Beninurban population: 49.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Bermudaurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Bhutanurban population: 43.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.52% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Boliviaurban population: 70.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovinaurban population: 49.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Botswanaurban population: 72.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Brazilurban population: 87.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: British Virgin Islandsurban population: 49.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Bruneiurban population: 78.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Bulgariaurban population: 76.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Burkina Fasourban population: 31.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Burmaurban population: 31.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.85% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Burundiurban population: 14.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 5.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Cabo Verdeurban population: 67.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.83% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Cambodiaurban population: 25.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.06% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Cameroonurban population: 58.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Canadaurban population: 81.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.95% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Cayman Islandsurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.13% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Central African Republicurban population: 43.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Chadurban population: 24.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.1% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Chileurban population: 87.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.78% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Chinaurban population: 63.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.78% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data do not include Hong Kong and Macau

Topic: Colombiaurban population: 82% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.01% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Comorosurban population: 29.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of theurban population: 46.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Congo, Republic of theurban population: 68.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Cook Islandsurban population: 75.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.52% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Costa Ricaurban population: 82% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Cote d'Ivoireurban population: 52.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Croatiaurban population: 58.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Cubaurban population: 77.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Curacaourban population: 89% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Cyprusurban population: 66.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.76% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Czechiaurban population: 74.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Denmarkurban population: 88.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Djiboutiurban population: 78.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.56% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Dominicaurban population: 71.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Dominican Republicurban population: 83.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Ecuadorurban population: 64.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.62% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Egypturban population: 43% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.9% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: El Salvadorurban population: 74.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Equatorial Guineaurban population: 74% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.62% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Eritreaurban population: 42.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.67% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Estoniaurban population: 69.6% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: -0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Eswatiniurban population: 24.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Ethiopiaurban population: 22.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)urban population: 79.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.53% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Faroe Islandsurban population: 42.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Fijiurban population: 58.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.37% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Finlandurban population: 85.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Franceurban population: 81.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.67% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: French Polynesiaurban population: 62.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.65% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Gabonurban population: 90.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Gambia, Theurban population: 63.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Gaza Stripurban population: 77.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.85% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data represent Gaza Strip and the West Bank

Topic: Georgiaurban population: 60.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Topic: Germanyurban population: 77.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.13% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Ghanaurban population: 58.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.06% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Gibraltarurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.45% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Topic: Greeceurban population: 80.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Greenlandurban population: 87.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Grenadaurban population: 36.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.86% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Guamurban population: 95.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Guatemalaurban population: 52.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Guernseyurban population: 31.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Guernsey and Jersey

Topic: Guineaurban population: 37.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Guinea-Bissauurban population: 45% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.22% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Guyanaurban population: 27% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.01% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Haitiurban population: 58.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Holy See (Vatican City)urban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Hondurasurban population: 59.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.48% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Hong Kongurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.58% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Hungaryurban population: 72.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Icelandurban population: 94% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Indiaurban population: 35.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Indonesiaurban population: 57.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Iranurban population: 76.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Iraqurban population: 71.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.91% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Irelandurban population: 64.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Isle of Manurban population: 53.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Israelurban population: 92.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.51% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Italyurban population: 71.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Jamaicaurban population: 57% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.79% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Japanurban population: 92% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Jerseyurban population: 31.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Guernsey and Jersey

Topic: Jordanurban population: 91.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Kazakhstanurban population: 58% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Kenyaurban population: 29% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Kiribatiurban population: 57.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Korea, Northurban population: 62.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.85% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Korea, Southurban population: 81.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.31% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Kuwaiturban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Kyrgyzstanurban population: 37.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Laosurban population: 37.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Latviaurban population: 68.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Lebanonurban population: 89.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -1.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Lesothourban population: 29.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Liberiaurban population: 53.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.41% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Topic: Libyaurban population: 81.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Liechtensteinurban population: 14.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Lithuaniaurban population: 68.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Luxembourgurban population: 91.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Macauurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.46% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Madagascarurban population: 39.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.26% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Malawiurban population: 18% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Malaysiaurban population: 78.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Maldivesurban population: 41.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Maliurban population: 45.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Maltaurban population: 94.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Marshall Islandsurban population: 78.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Mauritaniaurban population: 56.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Mauritiusurban population: 40.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Mexicourban population: 81.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States ofurban population: 23.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.52% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Moldovaurban population: 43.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Monacourban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Mongoliaurban population: 68.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Montenegrourban population: 68.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Montserraturban population: 9.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.94% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Moroccourban population: 64.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note:  data does not include former Western Sahara

Topic: Mozambiqueurban population: 38.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Namibiaurban population: 54% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Nauruurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.18% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Nepalurban population: 21.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Netherlandsurban population: 92.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: New Caledoniaurban population: 72.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: New Zealandurban population: 86.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Nicaraguaurban population: 59.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Nigerurban population: 16.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Nigeriaurban population: 53.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Niueurban population: 47.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: North Macedoniaurban population: 59.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Northern Mariana Islandsurban population: 92% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.36% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Norwayurban population: 83.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands

Topic: Omanurban population: 87.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Pakistanurban population: 37.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.1% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Palauurban population: 82% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Panamaurban population: 69.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Papua New Guineaurban population: 13.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.91% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Paraguayurban population: 62.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Peruurban population: 78.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Philippinesurban population: 48% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Pitcairn Islandsrate of urbanization: NA

Topic: Polandurban population: 60.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.16% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Portugalurban population: 67.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Puerto Ricourban population: 93.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Qatarurban population: 99.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.66% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Romaniaurban population: 54.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Russiaurban population: 75.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Rwandaurban population: 17.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.07% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunhaurban population: 40.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevisurban population: 31% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.06% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Saint Luciaurban population: 19% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Saint Pierre and Miquelonurban population: 90% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesurban population: 53.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.94% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Samoaurban population: 17.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: San Marinourban population: 97.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Sao Tome and Principeurban population: 75.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.96% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Saudi Arabiaurban population: 84.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.69% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Senegalurban population: 49.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Serbiaurban population: 56.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Kosovo

Topic: Seychellesurban population: 58.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Sierra Leoneurban population: 43.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Singaporeurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Sint Maartenurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.16% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. est.)

Topic: Slovakiaurban population: 53.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.17% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Sloveniaurban population: 55.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Solomon Islandsurban population: 25.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Somaliaurban population: 47.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: South Africaurban population: 68.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: South Sudanurban population: 20.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Spainurban population: 81.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla

Topic: Sri Lankaurban population: 19% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.22% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Sudanurban population: 36% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Surinameurban population: 66.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Swedenurban population: 88.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Switzerlandurban population: 74.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.79% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Syriaurban population: 56.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 5.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Taiwanurban population: 79.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.65% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Tajikistanurban population: 28% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Tanzaniaurban population: 36.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Thailandurban population: 52.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Timor-Lesteurban population: 32.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.31% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Togourban population: 43.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.6% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Tokelauurban population: 0% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Tongaurban population: 23.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Trinidad and Tobagourban population: 53.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Tunisiaurban population: 70.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Turkeyurban population: 77% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Turkmenistanurban population: 53.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Turks and Caicos Islandsurban population: 94% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.46% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Tuvaluurban population: 65.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.08% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Ugandaurban population: 26.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 5.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Ukraineurban population: 69.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: United Arab Emiratesurban population: 87.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: United Kingdomurban population: 84.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.8% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: United Statesurban population: 83.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.96% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Uruguayurban population: 95.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Uzbekistanurban population: 50.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Vanuatuurban population: 25.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.55% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Venezuelaurban population: 88.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.16% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Vietnamurban population: 38.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.7% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Virgin Islandsurban population: 96.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Wallis and Futunaurban population: 0% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: West Bankurban population: 77.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.85% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data represent Gaza Strip and the West Bank

Topic: Worldurban population: 57% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Yemenurban population: 39.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.71% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Topic: Zambiaurban population: 45.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Zimbabweurban population: 32.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)