This entry includes the following claims, the definitions of which are excerpted from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which alone contains the full and definitive descriptions:

territorial sea - the sovereignty of a coastal state extends beyond its land territory and internal waters to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea in the UNCLOS (Part II); this sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as its underlying seabed and subsoil; every state has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles; the normal baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the mean low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal state; where the coasts of two states are opposite or adjacent to each other, neither state is entitled to extend its territorial sea beyond the median line, every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baseline from which the territorial seas of both states are measured; the UNCLOS describes specific rules for archipelagic states.

contiguous zone - according to the UNCLOS (Article 33), this is a zone contiguous to a coastal state's territorial sea, over which it may exercise the control necessary to: prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration, or sanitary laws and regulations within its territory or territorial sea; punish infringement of the above laws and regulations committed within its territory or territorial sea; the contiguous zone may not extend beyond 24 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured (e.g., the US has claimed a 12-nautical mile contiguous zone in addition to its 12-nautical mile territorial sea); where the coasts of two states are opposite or adjacent to each other, neither state is entitled to extend its contiguous zone beyond the median line, every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baseline from which the contiguous zone of both states are measured.

exclusive economic zone (EEZ) - the UNCLOS (Part V) defines the EEZ as a zone beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea in which a coastal state has: sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources, whether living or non-living, of the waters superjacent to the seabed and of the seabed and its subsoil, and with regard to other activities for the economic exploitation and exploration of the zone, such as the production of energy from the water, currents, and winds; jurisdiction with regard to the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations, and structures; marine scientific research; the protection and preservation of the marine environment; the outer limit of the exclusive economic zone shall not exceed 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.

continental shelf - the UNCLOS (Article 76) defines the continental shelf of a coastal state as comprising the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond its territorial sea throughout the natural prolongation of its land territory to the outer edge of the continental margin, or to a distance of 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured where the outer edge of the continental margin does not extend up to that distance; the continental margin comprises the submerged prolongation of the landmass of the coastal state, and consists of the seabed and subsoil of the shelf, the slope and the rise; wherever the continental margin extends beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline, coastal states may extend their claim to a distance not to exceed 350 nautical miles from the baseline or 100 nautical miles from the 2,500-meter isobath, which is a line connecting points of 2,500 meters in depth; it does not include the deep ocean floor with its oceanic ridges or the subsoil thereof.

exclusive fishing zone - while this term is not used in the UNCLOS, some states (e.g., the United Kingdom) have chosen not to claim an EEZ but rather to claim jurisdiction over the living resources off their coast; in such cases, the term exclusive fishing zone is often used; the breadth of this zone is normally the same as the EEZ or 200 nautical miles.

Topic: Afghanistannone (landlocked)

Topic: Albaniaterritorial sea: 12 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Algeriaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 32-52 nm

Topic: American Samoaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Andorranone (landlocked)

Topic: Angolaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Anguillaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: AntarcticaAustralia, Chile, and Argentina claim Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) rights or similar over 200 nm extensions seaward from their continental claims, but like the claims themselves, these zones are not accepted by other countries; 22 of 29 Antarctic Treaty consultative parties have made no claims to Antarctic territory, although Russia and the United States have reserved the right to do so, and no country can make a new claim; also see the Disputes - international entry

Topic: Antigua and Barbudaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Argentinaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Armenianone (landlocked)

Topic: Arubaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Ashmore and Cartier Islandsterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: Australiaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Austrianone (landlocked)

Topic: Azerbaijannone (landlocked)

Topic: Bahamas, Theterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Bahrainterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined

Topic: Bangladeshterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 18 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: to the outer limits of the continental margin

Topic: Barbadosterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Belarusnone (landlocked)

Topic: Belgiumterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: geographic coordinates define outer limit

continental shelf: median line with neighbors

Topic: Belizeterritorial sea: 12 nm in the north, 3 nm in the south; note - from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana Cay, Belize's territorial sea is 3 nm; according to Belize's Maritime Areas Act, 1992, the purpose of this limitation is to provide a framework for negotiating a definitive agreement on territorial differences with Guatemala

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Beninterritorial sea: 200 nm; note: the US does not recognize this claim

continental shelf: 200 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: Bermudaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: Bhutannone (landlocked)

Topic: Bolivianone (landlocked)

Topic: Bosnia and HerzegovinaNA

Topic: Botswananone (landlocked)

Topic: Bouvet Islandterritorial sea: 4 nm

Topic: Brazilterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to edge of the continental margin

Topic: British Indian Ocean Territoryterritorial sea: 12 nm

Environment (Protection and Preservation) Zone: 200 nm

Topic: British Virgin Islandsterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: Bruneiterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to median line

Topic: Bulgariaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Burkina Fasonone (landlocked)

Topic: Burmaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Burundinone (landlocked)

Topic: Cabo Verdeterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

Topic: Cambodiaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm

Topic: Cameroonterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

Topic: Canadaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Cayman Islandsterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: Central African Republicnone (landlocked)

Topic: Chadnone (landlocked)

Topic: Chileterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200/350 nm

Topic: Chinaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Christmas Islandterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 12 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: Clipperton Islandterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Cocos (Keeling) Islandsterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: Colombiaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Comorosterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of theterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: since 2011, the DRC has had a Common Interest Zone agreement with Angola for the mutual development of off-shore resources

Topic: Congo, Republic of theterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Cook Islandsterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Coral Sea Islandsterritorial sea: 3 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: Costa Ricaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm

Topic: Cote d'Ivoireterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm

Topic: Croatiaterritorial sea: 12 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Cubaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Curacaoterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Cyprusterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Czechianone (landlocked)

Topic: Denmarkterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Djiboutiterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Dominicaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Dominican Republicterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines

Topic: Ecuadorterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm

note: Ecuador has declared its right to extend its continental shelf to 350 nm measured from the baselines of the Galapagos Archipelago

Topic: Egyptterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or the equidistant median line with Cyprus

continental shelf: 200 nm

Topic: El Salvadorterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Equatorial Guineaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Eritreaterritorial sea: 12 nm

Topic: Estoniaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: limits as agreed to by Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Sweden, and Russia

Topic: Eswatininone (landlocked)

Topic: Ethiopianone (landlocked)

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)territorial sea: 12 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: Faroe Islandsterritorial sea: 12 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line

Topic: Fijiterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines

Topic: Finlandterritorial sea: 12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm)

contiguous zone: 24 nm

continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden, Estonia, and Russia

Topic: Franceterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm (does not apply to the Mediterranean Sea)

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: French Polynesiaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: French Southern and Antarctic Landsterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm from Iles Kerguelen and Iles Eparses (does not include the rest of French Southern and Antarctic Lands); Juan de Nova Island and Tromelin Island claim a continental shelf of 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Gabonterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Gambia, Theterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 18 nm

continental shelf: extent not specified

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: Gaza Stripsee entry for Israel note: effective 3 January 2009, the Gaza maritime area is closed to all maritime traffic and is under blockade imposed by Israeli Navy until further noticenote: effective 3 January 2009, the Gaza maritime area is closed to all maritime traffic and is under blockade imposed by Israeli Navy until further notice

Topic: Georgiaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Germanyterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Ghanaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm

Topic: Gibraltarterritorial sea: 3 nm

Topic: Greeceterritorial sea: 6 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Greenlandterritorial sea: 3 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line

Topic: Grenadaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Guamterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Guatemalaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Guernseyterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm

Topic: Guineaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Guinea-Bissauterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Guyanaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin

Topic: Haititerritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: to depth of exploitation

Topic: Heard Island and McDonald Islandsterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: Holy See (Vatican City)none (landlocked)

Topic: Hondurasterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: natural extension of territory or to 200 nm

Topic: Hong Kongterritorial sea: 12 nm

Topic: Hungarynone (landlocked)

Topic: Icelandterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Indiaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Indonesiaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines

Topic: Iranterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: bilateral agreements or median lines in the Persian Gulf

continental shelf: natural prolongation

Topic: Iraqterritorial sea: 12 nm

continental shelf: not specified

Topic: Irelandterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: Isle of Manterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm

Topic: Israelterritorial sea: 12 nm

continental shelf: to depth of exploitation

Topic: Italyterritorial sea: 12 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Jamaicaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to edge of the continental margin

measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines

Topic: Jan Mayenterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Japanterritorial sea: 12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm in the international straits - La Perouse or Soya, Tsugaru, Osumi, and the Korea and Tsushima Straits

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Jerseyterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm

Topic: Jordanterritorial sea: 3 nm

Topic: Kazakhstannone (landlocked)

Topic: Kenyaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Kiribatiterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Korea, Northterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

note: military boundary line 50 nm in the Sea of Japan and the exclusive economic zone limit in the Yellow Sea where all foreign vessels and aircraft without permission are banned

Topic: Korea, Southterritorial sea: 12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm in the Korea Strait

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: not specified

Topic: Kosovonone (landlocked)

Topic: Kuwaitterritorial sea: 12 nm

Topic: Kyrgyzstannone (landlocked)

Topic: Laosnone (landlocked)

Topic: Latviaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: limits as agreed to by Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Sweden, and Russia

continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Lebanonterritorial sea: 12 nm

Topic: Lesothonone (landlocked)

Topic: Liberiaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm

Topic: Libyaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 62 nm

note: Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north

Topic: Liechtensteinnone (landlocked)

Topic: Lithuaniaterritorial sea: 12 nm

Topic: Luxembourgnone (landlocked)

Topic: Macaunot specified

Topic: Madagascarterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or 100 nm from the 2,500-m isobath

Topic: Malawinone (landlocked)

Topic: Malaysiaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation; specified boundary in the South China Sea

Topic: Maldivesterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines

Topic: Malinone (landlocked)

Topic: Maltaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive fishing zone: 25 nm

Topic: Marshall Islandsterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Mauritaniaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Mauritiusterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines

Topic: Mexicoterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States ofterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Moldovanone (landlocked)

Topic: Monacoterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 12 nm

Topic: Mongolianone (landlocked)

Topic: Montenegroterritorial sea: 12 nm

continental shelf: defined by treaty

Topic: Montserratterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: Moroccoterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Mozambiqueterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Namibiaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Nauruterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Navassa Islandterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Nepalnone (landlocked)

Topic: Netherlandsterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: New Caledoniaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: New Zealandterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Nicaraguaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

continental shelf: natural prolongation

Topic: Nigernone (landlocked)

Topic: Nigeriaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Niueterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Norfolk Islandterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: North Macedonianone (landlocked)

Topic: Northern Mariana Islandsterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Norwayterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 10 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm

Topic: Omanterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Pakistanterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Palauterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm

Topic: Panamaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or edge of continental margin

Topic: Papua New Guineaterritorial sea: 12 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

Topic: Paracel IslandsNA

Topic: Paraguaynone (landlocked)

Topic: Peruterritorial sea: 200 nm; note: the US does not recognize this claim

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm

Topic: Philippinesterritorial sea: irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also claimed polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea as wide as 285 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Pitcairn Islandsterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Polandterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: defined by international treaties

Topic: Portugalterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Puerto Ricoterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Qatarterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line

Topic: Romaniaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Russiaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Rwandanone (landlocked)

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunhaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevisterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Saint Luciaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Saint Pierre and Miquelonterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm

Topic: Samoaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: San Marinonone (landlocked)

Topic: Sao Tome and Principeterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

Topic: Saudi Arabiaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 18 nm

continental shelf: not specified

Topic: Senegalterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Serbianone (landlocked)

Topic: Seychellesterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Sierra Leoneterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm

Topic: Singaporeterritorial sea: 3 nm

exclusive fishing zone: within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice

Topic: Sint Maartenterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Slovakianone (landlocked)

Topic: Sloveniaterritorial sea: 12 nm

Topic: Solomon Islandsterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm

measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

Topic: Somaliaterritorial sea: 200 nm; note: the US does not recognize this claim

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: South Africaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to edge of the continental margin

Topic: South Georgia and South Sandwich Islandsterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: South Sudannone (landlocked)

Topic: Spainterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm (applies only to the Atlantic Ocean)

Topic: Spratly IslandsNA

Topic: Sri Lankaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Sudanterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 18 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Surinameterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Svalbardterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

continental shelf: extends to depth of exploitation

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: Swedenterritorial sea: 12 nm (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)

exclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlines

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Switzerlandnone (landlocked)

Topic: Syriaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

Topic: Taiwanterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Tajikistannone (landlocked)

Topic: Tanzaniaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Thailandterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Timor-Lesteterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: Togoterritorial sea: 30 nm; note: the US does not recognize this claim

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Tokelauterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Tongaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Trinidad and Tobagoterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin

measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

Topic: Tunisiaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 12 nm

Topic: Turkey (Turkiye)territorial sea: 6 nm in the Aegean Sea

exclusive economic zone: in Black Sea only: to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the former USSR

12 nm in Black Sea and in Mediterranean Sea

Topic: Turkmenistannone (landlocked)

Topic: Turks and Caicos Islandsterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: Tuvaluterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Ugandanone (landlocked)

Topic: Ukraineterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 m or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: United Arab Emiratesterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: United Kingdomterritorial sea: 12 nm

continental shelf: as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Topic: United Statesterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: not specified

Topic: United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refugesterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Uruguayterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or the edge of continental margin

Topic: Uzbekistannone (doubly landlocked)

Topic: Vanuatuterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

Topic: Venezuelaterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 15 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Topic: Vietnamterritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Virgin Islandsterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Wake Islandterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: Wallis and Futunaterritorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Topic: West Banknone (landlocked)

Topic: Worlda variety of situations exist, but in general, most countries make the following claims measured from the mean low-tide baseline as described in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: territorial sea - 12 nm, contiguous zone - 24 nm, and exclusive economic zone - 200 nm; additional zones provide for exploitation of continental shelf resources and an exclusive fishing zone; boundary situations with neighboring states prevent many countries from extending their fishing or economic zones to a full 200 nma variety of situations exist, but in general, most countries make the following claims measured from the mean low-tide baseline as described in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: territorial sea - 12 nm, contiguous zone - 24 nm, and exclusive economic zone - 200 nm; additional zones provide for exploitation of continental shelf resources and an exclusive fishing zone; boundary situations with neighboring states prevent many countries from extending their fishing or economic zones to a full 200 nm

Topic: Yementerritorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Topic: Zambianone (landlocked)

Topic: Zimbabwenone (landlocked)


This entry gives an estimate of the percentage of adults (aged 15-49) living with HIV/AIDS. The adult prevalence rate is calculated by dividing the estimated number of adults living with HIV/AIDS at yearend by the total adult population at yearend.

Topic: Afghanistan(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: AkrotiriNA

Topic: Albania(2020 est.) <.1

Topic: Algeria(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: American SamoaNA

Topic: AndorraNA

Topic: Angola1.8% (2020 est.)

Topic: AnguillaNA

Topic: Antigua and Barbuda1.1% (2018)

Topic: Argentina0.4% (2020 est.)

Topic: Armenia0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: ArubaNA

Topic: Ashmore and Cartier IslandsNA

Topic: Australia0.1% (2020 est.)

Topic: Austria0.1% (2017 est.)

Topic: Azerbaijan0.1% (2020 est.)

Topic: Bahamas, The1.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: Bahrain(2017 est.) <.1%

Topic: Bangladesh(2018 est.) <.1%

Topic: Barbados1.1% (2019 est.)

Topic: Belarus0.5% (2020 est.)

Topic: BelgiumNA

Topic: Belize1.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: Benin0.9% (2020 est.)

Topic: BermudaNA

Topic: Bhutan0.2% (2020)

Topic: Bolivia0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovina(2018) <.1%

Topic: Botswana19.9% (2020 est.)

Topic: Bouvet IslandNA

Topic: Brazil0.6% (2020 est.)

Topic: British Indian Ocean TerritoryNA

Topic: British Virgin IslandsNA

Topic: BruneiNA

Topic: Bulgaria(2019 est.) <.1%

Topic: Burkina Faso0.7% (2020 est.)

Topic: Burma0.6% (2019 est.)

Topic: Burundi1% (2020 est.)

Topic: Cabo Verde0.5% (2020 est.)

Topic: Cambodia0.5% (2020 est.)

Topic: Cameroon3% (2020 est.)

Topic: CanadaNA

Topic: Cayman IslandsNA

Topic: Central African Republic2.9% (2020 est.)

Topic: Chad1.1% (2020 est.)

Topic: Chile0.6% (2020 est.)

Topic: ChinaNA

Topic: Christmas IslandNA

Topic: Clipperton IslandNA

Topic: Cocos (Keeling) IslandsNA

Topic: Colombia0.4% (2020 est.)

Topic: Comoros(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of the0.7% (2020 est.)

Topic: Congo, Republic of the3.3% (2020 est.)

Topic: Cook IslandsNA

Topic: Coral Sea IslandsNA

Topic: Costa Rica0.4% (2020 est.)

Topic: Cote d'Ivoire2.1% (2020 est.)

Topic: Croatia(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: Cuba0.4% (2020 est.)

Topic: CuracaoNA

Topic: Cyprus0.1% (2017 est.)

Topic: Czechia(2018 est.) <.1%

Topic: Denmark0.1% (2020 est.)

Topic: DhekeliaNA

Topic: Djibouti0.8% (2020 est.)

Topic: Dominica0.6% (2018)

Topic: Dominican Republic0.9% (2020 est.)

Topic: Ecuador0.3% (2020 est.)

Topic: Egypt(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: El Salvador0.5% (2020 est.)

Topic: Equatorial Guinea7.3% (2020 est.)

Topic: Eritrea0.5% (2020 est.)

Topic: Estonia0.8% (2020 est.)

Topic: Eswatini26.8% (2020 est.)

Topic: Ethiopia0.9% (2020 est.)

Topic: European Unionnote - see individual entries of member states

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)NA

Topic: Faroe IslandsNA

Topic: Fiji0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: Finland0.1% (2018)

Topic: France0.3% (2019 est.)

Topic: French PolynesiaNA

Topic: French Southern and Antarctic LandsNA

Topic: Gabon3% (2020 est.)

Topic: Gambia, The1.8% (2020 est.)

Topic: Gaza StripNA

Topic: Georgia0.3% (2020 est.)

Topic: Germany0.1% (2020 est.)

Topic: Ghana1.7% (2020 est.)

Topic: GibraltarNA

Topic: Greece0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: GreenlandNA

Topic: Grenada0.5% (2018)

Topic: GuamNA

Topic: Guatemala0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: GuernseyNA

Topic: Guinea1.4% (2020 est.)

Topic: Guinea-Bissau3% (2020 est.)

Topic: Guyana1.3% (2020 est.)

Topic: Haiti1.9% (2020 est.)

Topic: Heard Island and McDonald IslandsNA

Topic: Holy See (Vatican City)NA

Topic: Honduras0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: Hong KongNA

Topic: Hungary(2018 est.) <.1%

Topic: Iceland0.1% (2020)

Topic: India0.2% (2017 est.)

Topic: Indonesia0.4% (2020 est.)

Topic: Iran(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: IraqNA

Topic: Ireland0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: Isle of ManNA

Topic: Israel0.2% (2018)

Topic: Italy0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: Jamaica1.4% (2020 est.)

Topic: Jan MayenNA

Topic: Japan(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: JerseyNA

Topic: Jordan(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: Kazakhstan0.3% (2020 est.)

Topic: Kenya4.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: KiribatiNA

Topic: Korea, NorthNA

Topic: Korea, SouthNA

Topic: KosovoNA

Topic: Kuwait(2018 est.) <.1%

Topic: Kyrgyzstan0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: Laos0.3% (2020 est.)

Topic: Latvia0.3% (2019 est.)

Topic: Lebanon(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: Lesotho21.1% (2020 est.)

Topic: Liberia1.1% (2020 est.)

Topic: Libya0.1% (2020)

Topic: LiechtensteinNA

Topic: Lithuania0.1% (2019 est.)

Topic: Luxembourg0.3% (2018 est.)

Topic: MacauNA

Topic: Madagascar0.3% (2020 est.)

Topic: Malawi8.1% (2020 est.)

Topic: Malaysia0.4% (2020 est.)

Topic: MaldivesNA

Topic: Mali0.9% (2020 est.)

Topic: Malta0.1% (2016 est.)

Topic: Marshall IslandsNA

Topic: Mauritania0.3% (2020 est.)

Topic: Mauritius1.7% (2020)

Topic: Mexico0.4% (2020 est.)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States ofNA

Topic: Moldova0.8% (2020 est.)

Topic: MonacoNA

Topic: Mongolia(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: Montenegro(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: MontserratNA

Topic: Morocco(2020 est.) <.1%

note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara

Topic: Mozambique11.5% (2020 est.)

Topic: Namibia11.6% (2020 est.)

Topic: NauruNA

Topic: Navassa IslandNA

Topic: Nepal0.1% (2020 est.)

Topic: Netherlands0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: New CaledoniaNA

Topic: New Zealand(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: Nicaragua0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: Niger0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: Nigeria1.3% (2020 est.)

Topic: NiueNA

Topic: Norfolk IslandNA

Topic: North Macedonia(2018 est.) <.1%

Topic: Northern Mariana IslandsNA

Topic: Norway0.1% (2018 est.)

Topic: Oman0.1% (2019)

Topic: Pakistan0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: PalauNA

Topic: Panama1% (2020 est.)

Topic: Papua New Guinea0.9% (2020 est.)

Topic: Paracel IslandsNA

Topic: Paraguay0.3% (2020 est.)

Topic: Peru0.3% (2020 est.)

Topic: Philippines0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: Pitcairn IslandsNA

Topic: PolandNA

Topic: Portugal0.5% (2020 est.)

Topic: Puerto RicoNA

Topic: Qatar(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: Romania0.1% (2020 est.)

Topic: Russia1.2% (2017 est.)

Topic: Rwanda2.5% (2020 est.)

Topic: Saint BarthelemyNA

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da CunhaNA

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevis0.5% (2018)

Topic: Saint Lucia0.6% (2018)

Topic: Saint MartinNA

Topic: Saint Pierre and MiquelonNA

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines1.5% (2018)

Topic: SamoaNA

Topic: San MarinoNA

Topic: Sao Tome and Principe0.3% (2020)

Topic: Saudi Arabia(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: Senegal0.3% (2020 est.)

Topic: Serbia(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: SeychellesNA

Topic: Sierra Leone1.5% (2020 est.)

Topic: Singapore0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: Sint MaartenNA

Topic: Slovakia(2018 est.) <.1%

Topic: Slovenia(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: Solomon IslandsNA

Topic: Somalia(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: South Africa19.1% (2020 est.)

Topic: South Georgia and South Sandwich IslandsNA

Topic: South Sudan2.3% (2020 est.)

Topic: Spain0.4% (2020 est.)

Topic: Spratly IslandsNA

Topic: Sri Lanka(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: Sudan0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: Suriname1.1% (2020 est.)

Topic: SvalbardNA

Topic: Sweden0.2% (2016 est.)

Topic: Switzerland0.2% (2020)

Topic: Syria(2020) <.1%

Topic: TaiwanNA

Topic: Tajikistan0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: Tanzania4.7% (2020 est.)

Topic: Thailand1% (2020 est.)

Topic: Timor-Leste0.2% (2020)

Topic: Togo2% (2020 est.)

Topic: TokelauNA

Topic: TongaNA

Topic: Trinidad and Tobago0.7% (2020 est.)

Topic: Tunisia(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: TurkeyNA

Topic: TurkmenistanNA

Topic: Turks and Caicos IslandsNA

Topic: TuvaluNA

Topic: Uganda5.4% (2020 est.)

Topic: Ukraine1% (2020 est.)

Topic: United Arab Emirates0.1% (2020)

Topic: United KingdomNA

Topic: United StatesNA

Topic: United States Pacific Island Wildlife RefugesNA

Topic: Uruguay0.4% (2020 est.)

Topic: Uzbekistan0.2% (2020 est.)

Topic: VanuatuNA

Topic: Venezuela0.5% (2020 est.)

Topic: Vietnam0.3% (2020 est.)

Topic: Virgin IslandsNA

Topic: Wake IslandNA

Topic: Wallis and FutunaNA

Topic: West BankNA

Topic: World0.7% (2020 est.)

Topic: Yemen(2020 est.) <.1%

Topic: Zambia11.1% (2020 est.)

Topic: Zimbabwe11.9% (2020 est.)


Topic: Photos of Cyprus

Topic: Introduction
Background: A former British colony, Cyprus became independent in 1960 following years of resistance to British rule. Tensions between the Greek Cypriot majority and Turkish Cypriot minority communities came to a head in December 1963, when violence broke out in the capital of Nicosia. Despite the deployment of UN peacekeepers in 1964, sporadic intercommunal violence continued, forcing most Turkish Cypriots into enclaves throughout the island. In 1974, a Greek Government-sponsored attempt to overthrow the elected president of Cyprus was met by military intervention from Turkey, which soon controlled more than a third of the island. In 1983, the Turkish Cypriot administered area declared itself the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" ("TRNC"), but it is recognized only by Turkey. An UN-mediated agreement, the Annan Plan, failed to win approval by both communities in 2004. In February 2014, after a hiatus of nearly two years, the leaders of the two communities resumed formal discussions under UN auspices aimed at reuniting the divided island. The most recent round of negotiations to reunify the island were suspended in July 2017 after failure to achieve a breakthrough. The entire island entered the EU on 1 May 2004, although the EU acquis - the body of common rights and obligations - applies only to the areas under the internationally recognized government, and is suspended in the "TRNC." However, individual Turkish Cypriots able to document their eligibility for Republic of Cyprus citizenship legally enjoy the same rights accorded to other citizens of EU states.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Middle East, island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey; note - Cyprus views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both
Geographic coordinates: 35 00 N, 33 00 E
Map references: Middle East
Area: total: 9,251 sq km (of which 3,355 sq km are in north Cyprus)

land: 9,241 sq km

water: 10 sq km
Area - comparative: about 0.6 times the size of Connecticut
Land boundaries: total: 156 km

border sovereign base areas: Akrotiri 48 km; Dhekelia 108 km
Coastline: 648 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate: temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters
Terrain: central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast
Elevation: highest point: Mount Olympus 1,951 m

lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m

mean elevation: 91 m
Natural resources: copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment
Land use: agricultural land: 13.4% (2018 est.)

arable land: 9.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 3.2% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0.4% (2018 est.)

forest: 18.8% (2018 est.)

other: 67.8% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 460 sq km (2012)
Population distribution: population concentrated in central Nicosia and in the major cities of the south: Paphos, Limassol, and Larnaca
Natural hazards: moderate earthquake activity; droughts
Geography - note: the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily and Sardinia); several small Cypriot enclaves exist within the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area
Map description: Cyprus map showing the island country in the Mediterranean Sea.Cyprus map showing the island country in the Mediterranean Sea.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 1,295,102 (2022 est.)
Nationality: noun: Cypriot(s)

adjective: Cypriot
Ethnic groups: Greek 98.8%, other 1% (includes Maronite, Armenian, Turkish-Cypriot), unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)

note: data represent only the Greek-Cypriot citizens in the Republic of Cyprus
Languages: Greek (official) 80.9%, Turkish (official) 0.2%, English 4.1%, Romanian 2.9%, Russian 2.5%, Bulgarian 2.2%, Arabic 1.2%, Filipino 1.1%, other 4.3%, unspecified 0.6%; note - data represent only the Republic of Cyprus (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Το Παγκόσμιο Βιβλίο Δεδομένων, η απαραίτητη πηγή βασικών πληροφοριών. (Greek)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions: Orthodox Christian 89.1%, Roman Catholic 2.9%, Protestant/Anglican 2%, Muslim 1.8%, Buddhist 1%, other (includes Maronite, Armenian Church, Hindu) 1.4%, unknown 1.1%, none/atheist 0.6% (2011 est.)

note: data represent only the government-controlled area of Cyprus
Age structure: 0-14 years: 15.69% (male 102,095/female 96,676)

15-24 years: 12.29% (male 84,832/female 70,879)

25-54 years: 47.12% (male 316,710/female 280,167)

55-64 years: 11.92% (male 72,476/female 78,511)

65 years and over: 12.97% (2020 est.) (male 71,053/female 93,277)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 44.9

youth dependency ratio: 24

elderly dependency ratio: 20.9

potential support ratio: 4.8 (2020 est.)

note: data represent the whole country
Median age: total: 37.9 years

male: 36.7 years

female: 39.4 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.06% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 10.57 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 6.94 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: 6.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution: population concentrated in central Nicosia and in the major cities of the south: Paphos, Limassol, and Larnaca
Urbanization: urban population: 66.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.76% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population: 269,000 NICOSIA (capital) (2018)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.78 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.55 male(s)/female

total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 30 years (2020 est.)

note: data represent only government-controlled areas
Maternal mortality ratio: 6 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 8.36 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 10.22 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 6.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 79.74 years

male: 76.93 years

female: 82.68 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.48 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: NA
Drinking water source: improved: urban: 99.7% of population

rural: 99.8% of population

total: 99.8% of population

unimproved: urban: 0.3% of population

rural: 0.2% of population

total: 0.2% of population (2020 est.)
Current Health Expenditure: 7% (2019)
Physicians density: 3.14 physicians/1,000 population (2019)
Hospital bed density: 3.4 beds/1,000 population (2017)
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: 99.7% of population

rural: 98.8% of population

total: 99.4% of population

unimproved: urban: 0.3% of population

rural: 1.2% of population

total: 0.6% of population (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.1% (2017 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: (2017 est.) <1000
HIV/AIDS - deaths: (2017 est.) <100
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 21.8% (2016)
Tobacco use: total: 35.1% (2020 est.)

male: 47% (2020 est.)

female: 23.2% (2020 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: NA
Education expenditures: 5.8% of GDP (2017 est.)
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99.1%

male: 99.5%

female: 98.7% (2015)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 16 years

male: 16 years

female: 16 years (2019)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 18.2%

male: 24.4%

female: 12.3% (2020 est.)
People - note: demographic data for Cyprus represent the population of the government-controlled area and the area administered by Turkish Cypriots, unless otherwise indicated

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: water resource problems (no natural reservoir catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, sea water intrusion to island's largest aquifer, increased salination in the north); water pollution from sewage, industrial wastes, and pesticides; coastal degradation; erosion; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization
Environment - international agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Air pollutants: particulate matter emissions: 16.79 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 6.63 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 0.86 megatons (2020 est.)
Climate: temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters
Land use: agricultural land: 13.4% (2018 est.)

arable land: 9.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 3.2% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0.4% (2018 est.)

forest: 18.8% (2018 est.)

other: 67.8% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 66.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.76% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Revenue from forest resources: forest revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Revenue from coal: coal revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 541,000 tons (2015 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually: 72,007 tons (2015 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 13.3% (2015 est.)
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 110 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

industrial: 17 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

agricultural: 184 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 780 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Cyprus

conventional short form: Cyprus

local long form: Kypriaki Dimokratia (Greek)/ Kibris Cumhuriyeti (Turkish)

local short form: Kypros (Greek)/ Kibris (Turkish)

etymology: the derivation of the name "Cyprus" is unknown, but the extensive mining of copper metal on the island in antiquity gave rise to the Latin word "cuprum" for copper

note: the Turkish Cypriot community, which administers the northern part of the island, refers to itself as the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" or "TRNC" ("Kuzey Kibris Turk Cumhuriyeti" or "KKTC")
Government type: Republic of Cyprus - presidential republic; self-declared "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC) - parliamentary republic with enhanced presidency

note: a separation of the two main ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified when a Greek military-junta-supported coup attempt prompted the Turkish military intervention in July 1974 that gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government on the island; on 15 November 1983, then Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf DENKTAS declared independence and the formation of the "TRNC,” which is recognized only by Turkey
Capital: name: Nicosia (Lefkosia/Lefkosa)

geographic coordinates: 35 10 N, 33 22 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: a mispronunciation of the city's Greek name Lefkosia and its Turkish name Lefkosa, both of which mean "White City"; the Greek name may derive from the Greek phrase "leuke ousia" ("white estate")
Administrative divisions: 6 districts; Ammochostos (Famagusta; all but a small part located in the Turkish Cypriot community), Keryneia (Kyrenia; the only district located entirely in the Turkish Cypriot community), Larnaka (Larnaca; with a small part located in the Turkish Cypriot community), Lefkosia (Nicosia; a small part administered by Turkish Cypriots), Lemesos (Limassol), Pafos (Paphos); note - the 5 "districts" of the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" are Gazimagusa (Famagusta), Girne (Kyrenia), Guzelyurt (Morphou), Iskele (Trikomo), Lefkosa (Nicosia)
Independence: 16 August 1960 (from the UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but these proclamations are recognized only by Turkey
National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October (1960); note - Turkish Cypriots celebrate 15 November (1983) as "Republic Day"
Constitution: history: ratified 16 August 1960; note - in 1963, the constitution was partly suspended as Turkish Cypriots withdrew from the government; Turkish-held territory in 1983 was declared the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" ("TRNC"); in 1985, the "TRNC" approved its own constitution

amendments: constitution of the Republic of Cyprus - proposed by the House of Representatives; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership of the "Greek Community" and the "Turkish Community"; however, all seats of Turkish Cypriot members have remained vacant since 1964; amended many times, last in 2020;
constitution of the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” - proposed by at least 10 members of the "Assembly of the Republic"; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total Assembly membership and approval by referendum; amended 2014
Legal system: mixed legal system of English common law and civil law with European law supremacy
International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Cyprus

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President Nikos ANASTASIADIS (since 28 February 2013); the president is both chief of state and head of government; note - vice presidency reserved for a Turkish Cypriot, but vacant since 1974 because Turkish Cypriots do not participate in the Republic of Cyprus Government

head of government: President Nikos ANASTASIADIS (since 28 February 2013)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - under the 1960 constitution, 3 of the ministerial posts reserved for Turkish Cypriots, appointed by the vice president; positions currently filled by Greek Cypriots

elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term; election last held on 28 January 2018 with a runoff on 4 February 2018 (next to be held in February 2023)

election results: Nikos ANASTASIADIS reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS (DISY) 35.5%, Stavros MALAS (AKEL) 30.2%, Nicolas PAPADOPOULOS (DIKO) 25.7%, other 8.6%; percent of vote in second round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS 56%, Stavros MALAS 44%

note: the first round of the TRNC presidential election, originally scheduled for 26 April 2020, was postponed to 11 October 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic; the second round was held on 18 October 2020; percent of vote in the first round - Ersin TATAR (UBP) 32.4%, Mustafa AKINCI (independent) 29.8%, Tufan ERHURMAN (RTP) 21.7%, Kudret OZERSAY (independent) 5.7%, Erhan ARIKLI (YDP) 5.4%, Serdar DENKTAS (independent) 4.2%, other 0.8%; percent of vote in the second round - Ersin TATAR 51.7%, Mustafa AKINCI 48.3%
Legislative branch: description: area under government control: unicameral House of Representatives or Vouli Antiprosopon (80 seats; 56 assigned to Greek Cypriots, 24 to Turkish Cypriots, but only those assigned to Greek Cypriots are filled; members directly elected by both proportional representation and preferential vote; members serve 5-year terms); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: unicameral "Assembly of the Republic" or Cumhuriyet Meclisi (50 seats; members directly elected to 5-year terms by proportional representation system using a hybrid d'Hondt method with voter preferences for individual candidates

elections: area under government control: last held on 30 May 2021 (next to be held in 2026); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: last held on 23 January 2022 (next to be held in 2027)

election results: area under government control: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - DISY 27.8%, AKEL 22.3%, DIKO 11.3%, ELAM 6.8%, EDEK-SP 6.7%, DiPa 6.1%, Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Cooperation 4.4%, other 14.6%; seats by party/coalition - DISY 17, AKEL 15, DIKO 9, ELAM 4, EDEK-SP 4, DiPa 4, Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Cooperation 3; area administered by Turkish Cypriots - "Assembly of the Republic" - percent of vote by party - UBP 39.5%, CTP 32%, DP 7.4%, HP 6.7%, YDP 6.4%, other 8%; seats by party - UBP 24, CTP 18, DP 3, HP 3, YDP 2
Judicial branch: highest courts: Supreme Court of Cyprus (consists of 13 judges, including the court president); note - the highest court in the "TRNC" is the "Supreme Court" (consists of 8 "judges," including the "court president")

judge selection and term of office: Republic of Cyprus Supreme Court judges appointed by the president of the republic upon the recommendation of the Supreme Court judges; judges can serve until age 68; "TRNC Supreme Court" judges appointed by the "Supreme Council of Judicature," a 12-member body of judges, the attorney general, appointees by the president of the "TRNC," and by the "Legislative Assembly," and members elected by the bar association; judge tenure NA

subordinate courts: Republic of Cyprus district courts; Assize Courts; Administrative Court; specialized courts for issues relating to family, industrial disputes, the military, and rent control; "TRNC Assize Courts"; "district and family courts"
Political parties and leaders: area under government control:
Citizens' Alliance or SP [Giorgos LILLIKAS]
Democratic Front or DiPa [Marios GAROYIAN]
Democratic Party or DIKO [Nikolas PAPADOPOULOS]
Democratic Rally or DISY [Averof NEOPHYTOU]
Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Alliance [Charalambos THEOPEMPTOU]
Movement of Social Democrats EDEK [Marinos SIZOPOULOS]
National Popular Front or ELAM [Christos CHRISTOU]
Progressive Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party) [Stefanos STEFANOU]
Solidarity Movement [Eleni THEOCHAROUS]

area administered by Turkish Cypriots:
Communal Democracy Party or TDP [Mine ATLI]
Communal Liberation Party - New Forces or TKP-YG [Mehmet CAKICI]
Cyprus Socialist Party or KSP [Mehmet BIRINCI]
Democratic Party or DP [Fikri ATAOGLU]
National Democratic Party or NDP [Buray BUSKUVUTCU]
National Unity Party or UBP [Faiz SUCUOGLU]
New Cyprus Party or YKP [Murat KANATLI]
People's Party or HP [Kudret OZERSAY]
Rebirth Party or YDP [Erhan ARIKLI]
Republican Turkish Party or CTP [Tufan ERHURMAN]
United Cyprus Party or BKP [Izzet IZCAN]
International organization participation: Australia Group, C, CD, CE, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Marios LYSIOTIS (since 17 September 2018)

chancery: 2211 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 462-5772

FAX: [1] (202) 483-6710

email address and website:
info@cyprusembassy.net

https://www.cyprusembassy.net/

consulate(s) general: New York

honorary consulate(s): Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Kirkland (WA), Los Angeles, New Orleans, San Francisco

note: representative of the Turkish Cypriot community in the US is Mustafa LAKADAMYALI; office at 1667 K Street NW, Washington, DC; telephone [1] (202) 887-6198
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Judith Gail GARBER (since 18 March 2019)

embassy: Metochiou and Ploutarchou Street, 2407, Engomi, Nicosia

mailing address: 5450 Nicosia Place, Washington DC  20521-5450

telephone: [357] (22) 393939

FAX: [357] (22) 780944

email address and website:
ACSNicosia@state.gov

https://cy.usembassy.gov/
Flag description: centered on a white field is a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the island has long been famous for its copper deposits) above two olive-green-colored, crossed olive branches; the branches symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities

note: one of only two national flags that uses a map as a design element; the flag of Kosovo is the other

note: the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" flag retains the white field of the Cyprus national flag but displays narrow horizontal red stripes positioned a small distance from the top and bottom edges between which are centered a red crescent and a red five-pointed star; the banner is modeled after the Turkish national flag but with the colors reversed
National symbol(s): Cypriot mouflon (wild sheep), white dove; national colors: blue, white
National anthem: name: "Ymnos eis tin Eleftherian" (Hymn to Liberty)

lyrics/music: Dionysios SOLOMOS/Nikolaos MANTZAROS

note: adopted 1960; Cyprus adopted the Greek national anthem as its own; the Turkish Cypriot community in Cyprus uses the anthem of Turkey
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 3 (all cultural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Paphos; Painted Churches in the Troodos Region; Choirokoitia

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: The area of the Republic of Cyprus under government control has a market economy dominated by a services sector that accounts for more than four-fifths of GDP. Tourism, finance, shipping, and real estate have traditionally been the most important services. Cyprus has been a member of the EU since May 2004 and adopted the euro as its national currency in January 2008.   During the first five years of EU membership, the Cyprus economy grew at an average rate of about 4%, with unemployment between 2004 and 2008 averaging about 4%. However, the economy tipped into recession in 2009 as the ongoing global financial crisis and resulting low demand hit the tourism and construction sectors. An overextended banking sector with excessive exposure to Greek debt added to the contraction. Cyprus’ biggest two banks were among the largest holders of Greek bonds in Europe and had a substantial presence in Greece through bank branches and subsidiaries. Following numerous downgrades of its credit rating, Cyprus lost access to international capital markets in May 2011. In July 2012, Cyprus became the fifth euro-zone government to request an economic bailout program from the European Commission, European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund - known collectively as the "Troika."   Shortly after the election of President Nikos ANASTASIADES in February 2013, Cyprus reached an agreement with the Troika on a $13 billion bailout that triggered a two-week bank closure and the imposition of capital controls that remained partially in place until April 2015. Cyprus' two largest banks merged and the combined entity was recapitalized through conversion of some large bank deposits to shares and imposition of losses on bank bondholders. As with other EU countries, the Troika conditioned the bailout on passing financial and structural reforms and privatizing state-owned enterprises. Despite downsizing and restructuring, the Cypriot financial sector remains burdened by the largest stock of non-performing loans in the euro zone, equal to nearly half of all loans. Since the bailout, Cyprus has received positive appraisals by the Troika and outperformed fiscal targets but has struggled to overcome political opposition to bailout-mandated legislation, particularly regarding privatizations. The rate of non-performing loans (NPLs) is still very high at around 49%, and growth would accelerate if Cypriot banks could increase the pace of resolution of the NPLs.   In October 2013, a US-Israeli consortium completed preliminary appraisals of hydrocarbon deposits in Cyprus’ exclusive economic zone (EEZ), which estimated gross mean reserves of about 130 billion cubic meters. Though exploration continues in Cyprus’ EEZ, no additional commercially exploitable reserves have been identified. Developing offshore hydrocarbon resources remains a critical component of the government’s economic recovery efforts, but development has been delayed as a result of regional developments and disagreements about exploitation methods.The area of the Republic of Cyprus under government control has a market economy dominated by a services sector that accounts for more than four-fifths of GDP. Tourism, finance, shipping, and real estate have traditionally been the most important services. Cyprus has been a member of the EU since May 2004 and adopted the euro as its national currency in January 2008. During the first five years of EU membership, the Cyprus economy grew at an average rate of about 4%, with unemployment between 2004 and 2008 averaging about 4%. However, the economy tipped into recession in 2009 as the ongoing global financial crisis and resulting low demand hit the tourism and construction sectors. An overextended banking sector with excessive exposure to Greek debt added to the contraction. Cyprus’ biggest two banks were among the largest holders of Greek bonds in Europe and had a substantial presence in Greece through bank branches and subsidiaries. Following numerous downgrades of its credit rating, Cyprus lost access to international capital markets in May 2011. In July 2012, Cyprus became the fifth euro-zone government to request an economic bailout program from the European Commission, European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund - known collectively as the "Troika." Shortly after the election of President Nikos ANASTASIADES in February 2013, Cyprus reached an agreement with the Troika on a $13 billion bailout that triggered a two-week bank closure and the imposition of capital controls that remained partially in place until April 2015. Cyprus' two largest banks merged and the combined entity was recapitalized through conversion of some large bank deposits to shares and imposition of losses on bank bondholders. As with other EU countries, the Troika conditioned the bailout on passing financial and structural reforms and privatizing state-owned enterprises. Despite downsizing and restructuring, the Cypriot financial sector remains burdened by the largest stock of non-performing loans in the euro zone, equal to nearly half of all loans. Since the bailout, Cyprus has received positive appraisals by the Troika and outperformed fiscal targets but has struggled to overcome political opposition to bailout-mandated legislation, particularly regarding privatizations. The rate of non-performing loans (NPLs) is still very high at around 49%, and growth would accelerate if Cypriot banks could increase the pace of resolution of the NPLs. In October 2013, a US-Israeli consortium completed preliminary appraisals of hydrocarbon deposits in Cyprus’ exclusive economic zone (EEZ), which estimated gross mean reserves of about 130 billion cubic meters. Though exploration continues in Cyprus’ EEZ, no additional commercially exploitable reserves have been identified. Developing offshore hydrocarbon resources remains a critical component of the government’s economic recovery efforts, but development has been delayed as a result of regional developments and disagreements about exploitation methods.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $33.67 billion (2020 est.)

$35.48 billion (2019 est.)

$34.42 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
Real GDP growth rate: 3.08% (2019 est.)

5.25% (2018 est.)

5.16% (2017 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $37,700 (2020 est.)

$40,200 (2019 est.)

$39,600 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): $24.946 billion (2019 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.2% (2019 est.)

1.4% (2018 est.)

0.5% (2017 est.)
Credit ratings: Fitch rating: BBB- (2018)

Moody's rating: Ba2 (2018)

Standard & Poors rating: BBB- (2018)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 2% (2017 est.)

industry: 12.5% (2017 est.)

services: 85.5% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 68.7% (2017 est.)

government consumption: 14.9% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 21.1% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories: -0.7% (2017 est.)

exports of goods and services: 63.8% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services: -67.8% (2017 est.)
Agricultural products: milk, potatoes, pork, sheep milk, goat milk, barley, wheat, poultry, olives, tangerines/mandarins
Industries: tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone and clay products
Industrial production growth rate: 13.4% (2017 est.)
Labor force: 416,000 (2019 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 3.8%

industry: 15.2%

services: 81% (2014 est.)
Unemployment rate: 7.07% (2019 est.)

8.37% (2018 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 18.2%

male: 24.4%

female: 12.3% (2020 est.)
Population below poverty line: 14.7% (2018 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 31.4 (2017 est.)

32.4 (2013 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.3%

highest 10%: 28.8% (2014)
Budget: revenues: 8.663 billion (2017 est.)

expenditures: 8.275 billion (2017 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): 1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Public debt: 97.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

106.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment
Taxes and other revenues: 39.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Current account balance: -$1.578 billion (2019 est.)

-$958 million (2018 est.)
Exports: $16.1 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$17.92 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$19.02 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners: India 9%, Greece 9%, Libya 8%, United Kingdom 7% (2019)
Exports - commodities: ships, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, cheese, crude petroleum (2019)
Imports: $17.58 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$18.2 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$18.6 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners: Greece 16%, Italy 10%, Turkey 8%, Russia 5%, Germany 5%, United Kingdom 5%, China 5% (2019)
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, ships, cars, coal tar oil, packaged medicines (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $888.2 million (31 December 2017 est.)

$817.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Debt - external: $213.19 billion (2019 est.)

$231.885 billion (2018 est.)
Exchange rates: euros (EUR) per US dollar -

0.82771 (2020 est.)

0.90338 (2019 est.)

0.87789 (2018 est.)

0.885 (2014 est.)

0.7634 (2013 est.)
Economy of the area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Economy - overview: Even though the whole of the island is part of the EU, implementation of the EU "acquis communautaire" has been suspended in the area administered by Turkish Cypriots, known locally as the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" ("TRNC"), until political conditions permit the reunification of the island. The market-based economy of the "TRNC" is roughly one-fifth the size of its southern neighbor and is likewise dominated by the service sector with a large portion of the population employed by the government. In 2012 - the latest year for which data are available - the services sector, which includes the public sector, trade, tourism, and education, contributed 58.7% to economic output. In the same year, light manufacturing and agriculture contributed 2.7% and 6.2%, respectively. Manufacturing is limited mainly to food and beverages, furniture and fixtures, construction materials, metal and non-metal products, textiles and clothing. The "TRNC" maintains few economic ties with the Republic of Cyprus outside of trade in construction materials. Since its creation, the "TRNC" has heavily relied on financial assistance from Turkey, which supports the "TRNC" defense, telecommunications, water and postal services. The Turkish Lira is the preferred currency, though foreign currencies are widely accepted in business transactions. The "TRNC" remains vulnerable to the Turkish market and monetary policy because of its use of the Turkish Lira. The "TRNC" weathered the European financial crisis relatively unscathed - compared to the Republic of Cyprus - because of the lack of financial sector development, the health of the Turkish economy, and its separation from the rest of the island. The "TRNC" economy experienced growth estimated at 2.8% in 2013 and 2.3% in 2014 and is projected to grow 3.8% in 2015.; GDP (purchasing power parity): $1.829 billion (2007 est.); GDP - real growth rate: 2.3% (2014 est.); 2.8% (2013 est.); GDP - per capita: $11,700 (2007 est.); GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 6.2%,; industry: 35.1%,; services: 58.7% (2012 est.); Labor force: 95,030 (2007 est.); Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 14.5%,; industry: 29%,; services: 56.5% (2004); Unemployment rate: 9.4% (2005 est.); Population below poverty line: %NA; Inflation rate: 11.4% (2006); Budget: revenues: $2.5 billion,; expenditures: $2.5 billion (2006); Agriculture - products: citrus fruit, dairy, potatoes, grapes, olives, poultry, lamb; Industries: foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, ship repair, clay, gypsum, copper, furniture; Industrial production growth rate: -0.3% (2007 est.); Electricity production: 998.9 million kWh (2005); Electricity consumption: 797.9 million kWh (2005); Exports: $68.1 million, f.o.b. (2007 est.); Export - commodities: citrus, dairy, potatoes, textiles; Export - partners: Turkey 40%; direct trade between the area administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control remains limited; Imports: $1.2 billion, f.o.b. (2007 est.); Import - commodities: vehicles, fuel, cigarettes, food, minerals, chemicals, machinery; Import - partners: Turkey 60%; direct trade between the area administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control remains limited; Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: NA; Debt - external: NA; Currency (code): Turkish new lira (YTL); Exchange rates: Turkish new lira per US dollar:; 1.9 (2013); 1.8 (2012); 1.668 (2011); 1.5026 (2010); 1.55 (2009); Economy - overview: Even though the whole of the island is part of the EU, implementation of the EU "acquis communautaire" has been suspended in the area administered by Turkish Cypriots, known locally as the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" ("TRNC"), until political conditions permit the reunification of the island. The market-based economy of the "TRNC" is roughly one-fifth the size of its southern neighbor and is likewise dominated by the service sector with a large portion of the population employed by the government. In 2012 - the latest year for which data are available - the services sector, which includes the public sector, trade, tourism, and education, contributed 58.7% to economic output. In the same year, light manufacturing and agriculture contributed 2.7% and 6.2%, respectively. Manufacturing is limited mainly to food and beverages, furniture and fixtures, construction materials, metal and non-metal products, textiles and clothing. The "TRNC" maintains few economic ties with the Republic of Cyprus outside of trade in construction materials. Since its creation, the "TRNC" has heavily relied on financial assistance from Turkey, which supports the "TRNC" defense, telecommunications, water and postal services. The Turkish Lira is the preferred currency, though foreign currencies are widely accepted in business transactions. The "TRNC" remains vulnerable to the Turkish market and monetary policy because of its use of the Turkish Lira. The "TRNC" weathered the European financial crisis relatively unscathed - compared to the Republic of Cyprus - because of the lack of financial sector development, the health of the Turkish economy, and its separation from the rest of the island. The "TRNC" economy experienced growth estimated at 2.8% in 2013 and 2.3% in 2014 and is projected to grow 3.8% in 2015.; GDP (purchasing power parity): $1.829 billion (2007 est.); GDP - real growth rate: 2.3% (2014 est.); 2.8% (2013 est.); GDP - per capita: $11,700 (2007 est.); GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 6.2%,; industry: 35.1%,; services: 58.7% (2012 est.); Labor force: 95,030 (2007 est.); Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 14.5%,; industry: 29%,; services: 56.5% (2004); Unemployment rate: 9.4% (2005 est.); Population below poverty line: %NA; Inflation rate: 11.4% (2006); Budget: revenues: $2.5 billion,; expenditures: $2.5 billion (2006); Agriculture - products: citrus fruit, dairy, potatoes, grapes, olives, poultry, lamb; Industries: foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, ship repair, clay, gypsum, copper, furniture; Industrial production growth rate: -0.3% (2007 est.); Electricity production: 998.9 million kWh (2005); Electricity consumption: 797.9 million kWh (2005); Exports: $68.1 million, f.o.b. (2007 est.); Export - commodities: citrus, dairy, potatoes, textiles; Export - partners: Turkey 40%; direct trade between the area administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control remains limited; Imports: $1.2 billion, f.o.b. (2007 est.); Import - commodities: vehicles, fuel, cigarettes, food, minerals, chemicals, machinery; Import - partners: Turkey 60%; direct trade between the area administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control remains limited; Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: NA; Debt - external: NA; Currency (code): Turkish new lira (YTL); Exchange rates: Turkish new lira per US dollar:; 1.9 (2013); 1.8 (2012); 1.668 (2011); 1.5026 (2010); 1.55 (2009);

Topic: Energy
Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2020)
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 1.881 million kW (2020 est.)

consumption: 4.733 billion kWh (2019 est.)

exports: 0 kWh (2019 est.)

imports: 0 kWh (2019 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 184 million kWh (2019 est.)
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 86.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

solar: 6.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

wind: 5.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

hydroelectricity: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

biomass and waste: 1.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Coal: production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 54,400 bbl/day (2019 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 500 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 49,240 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas: production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 8.024 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 8.024 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: 133.92 million Btu/person (2019 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 311,439 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2020 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 1,239,960 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2020 est.)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: Cyprus has suffered from the effects of the pandemic, which essentially closed down the tourism sector during 2020 and into 2021; the incumbent telco Cyta reported strong revenue growth in 2020, largely due to greater use of broadband and mobile services, though investment fell as a result of pandemic-related delays in completing planned projects; the mobile market is served by four mobile network operators, including Cablenet which initially offered services as an MVNO before becoming an MNO in its own right; Cyta has offered mobile services under the Cytamobile-Vodafone brand since 2004 following a partner agreement with Vodafone Group, while Epic was acquired by Monaco Telecom in mid-2018; in mid-2021 Monaco agreed to sell its entire passive infrastructure in Cyprus; the number of mobile subscribers fell in 2020, largely the result of subscribers scaling back on multiple SIM cards as an economic measure; the broadband market continues to develop steadily, providing the country with one of the highest broadband subscription rates in the region; DSL remains the dominant access platform, accounting for about two-thirds of fixed broadband connections; Cablenet is engaged in investment projects which will see its network pass about 80% of premises, compared to 50% as of early 2021; fiber infrastructure in Cyprus is minimal, in common with other markets in the region there are efforts underway (supported by the government and regulator) to extend an FttP service to about 200,000 premises; the number of DSL subscribers is set to fall steadily in coming years as customers are migrated to the fiber platform; regulator concludes multi-spectrum auction for 5G, issues licenses; Epic signs vendor agreement with Huawei to develop 5G (2021)

domestic: fixed-line about 35 per 100 and about 139 per 100 for mobile-cellular teledensity; open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay (2020)

international: country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, CADMOS, MedNautilus Submarine System, POSEIDON, TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/Alexandros/Medes, UGARIT, Aphrodite2, Hawk, Lev Submarine System, and Tamares combine to provide connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Southeast Asia; Turcyos-1 and Turcyos-2 submarine cable in Turkish North Cyprus link to Turkey; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) (2019)

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
Broadcast media: mixture of state and privately run TV and radio services; the public broadcaster operates 2 TV channels and 4 radio stations; 6 private TV broadcasters, satellite and cable TV services including telecasts from Greece and Turkey, and a number of private radio stations are available; in areas administered by Turkish Cypriots, there are 2 public TV stations, 4 public radio stations, and 7 privately owned TV and 21 radio broadcast stations plus 6 radio and 4 TV channels of local universities, plus 1 radio station of military, security forces and 1 radio station of civil defense cooperation, as well as relay stations from Turkey (2019)
Internet country code: .cy
Internet users: total: 1,098,699 (2020 est.)

percent of population: 91% (2020 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 332,080 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2020 est.)

Topic: Transportation
National air transport system: number of registered air carriers: 2 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 6

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 401,408 (2018)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 20,000 (2018) mt-km
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 5B
Airports: total: 15 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 13

2,438 to 3,047 m: 7

1,524 to 2,437 m: 2

914 to 1,523 m: 3

under 914 m: 1 (2021)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 2

under 914 m: 2 (2021)
Heliports: 9 (2021)
Roadways: total: 12,901 km (2016)

government control: 12,901 km (2016) (includes 272 km of expressways)

paved: 8,631 km (2016)

unpaved: 4,270 km (2016)

Turkish Cypriot control: 7,000 km (2011)
Merchant marine: total: 1,051

by type: bulk carrier 269, container ship 182, general cargo 197, oil tanker 59, other 344 (2021)
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): area under government control: Larnaca, Limassol, Vasilikos

area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Famagusta, Kyrenia

Topic: Military and Security
Military and security forces: Republic of Cyprus: Cypriot National Guard (Ethniki Froura, EF; includes Army Land Forces, Naval Command, Air Command) (2022)
Military expenditures: 2% of GDP (2021 est.)

1.8% of GDP (2020 est.)

1.6% of GDP (2019) (approximately $610 million)

1.8% of GDP (2018) (approximately $650 million)

1.6% of GDP (2017) (approximately $540 million)
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 13,000 total active duty personnel (2022)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the inventory of the Cypriot National Guard is a mix of Soviet-era and some more modern weapons systems; since 2010, it has received equipment from several countries, including France, Israel, Russia, and Serbia (2021)
Military service age and obligation: Cypriot National Guard (CNG): 18-50 years of age for compulsory military service for all Greek Cypriot males; 17 years of age for voluntary service; 14-month service obligation (2021)
Military - note: the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) was set up in 1964 to prevent further fighting between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities on the island and bring about a return to normal conditions; the UNFICYP mission had about 850 personnel as of February 2022

Topic: Terrorism
Terrorist group(s): Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: hostilities in 1974 divided the island into two de facto autonomous entities, the internationally recognized Cypriot Government and a Turkish-Cypriot community (north Cyprus); the 1,000-strong UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) has served in Cyprus since 1964 and maintains the buffer zone between north and south; on 1 May 2004, Cyprus entered the EU still divided, with the EU's body of legislation and standards (acquis communitaire) suspended in the north; Turkey protests Cypriot Government creating hydrocarbon blocks and maritime boundary with Lebanon in March 2007hostilities in 1974 divided the island into two de facto autonomous entities, the internationally recognized Cypriot Government and a Turkish-Cypriot community (north Cyprus); the 1,000-strong UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) has served in Cyprus since 1964 and maintains the buffer zone between north and south; on 1 May 2004, Cyprus entered the EU still divided, with the EU's body of legislation and standards (acquis communitaire) suspended in the north; Turkey protests Cypriot Government creating hydrocarbon blocks and maritime boundary with Lebanon in March 2007
Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 9,820 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 13,113 (Ukraine) (as of 8 August 2022)

IDPs: 242,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced since 1974) (2021)

stateless persons: 66 (mid-year 2021)

note: 41,908 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-July 2022)
Illicit drugs: vulnerable to money laundering from illegal drugs  vulnerable to money laundering from illegal drugs


Topic: Introduction
Background: The State of Israel was declared in 1948, after Britain withdrew from its mandate of Palestine. Israel was admitted as a member of the UN in 1949 and saw rapid population growth, primarily due to migration from Europe and the Middle East. The Israeli economy has undergone a dramatic transformation in the last 25 years, led by cutting-edge, high-tech sectors.The State of Israel was declared in 1948, after Britain withdrew from its mandate of Palestine. Israel was admitted as a member of the UN in 1949 and saw rapid population growth, primarily due to migration from Europe and the Middle East. The Israeli economy has undergone a dramatic transformation in the last 25 years, led by cutting-edge, high-tech sectors.

Topic: Geography
Area: total: 21,937 sq km

land: 21,497 sq km

water: 440 sq km
Climate: temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas
Natural resources: timber, potash, copper ore, natural gas, phosphate rock, magnesium bromide, clays, sand

Topic: People and Society
Population: 8,914,885 (2022 est.)
Ethnic groups: Jewish 74% (of which Israel-born 78.7%, Europe/America/Oceania-born 14.8%, Africa-born 4.2%, Asia-born 2.3%), Arab 21.1%, other 4.9% (2020 est.)
Languages: Hebrew (official), Arabic (special status under Israeli law), English (most commonly used foreign language)
Religions: Jewish 74%, Muslim 18%, Christian 1.9%, Druze 1.6%, other 4.5% (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.44% (2022 est.)

Topic: Government
Government type: parliamentary democracy
Capital: name: Jerusalem; note - the US recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital in December 2017 without taking a position on the specific boundaries of Israeli sovereignty
Executive branch: chief of state: President Isaac HERZOG (since 7 July 2021)

head of government: Prime Minister Naftali BENNETT (since 13 June 2021)
Legislative branch: description: unicameral Knesset (120 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a 3.25% vote threshold to gain representation; members serve 4-year terms)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: high-income, technology- and industrial-based economy; recent debt spikes; high inequality and poverty disparities persist; significant tariff and regulatory burdens, especially in agriculture; hard-hit by COVID-19; quantitative easing in effecthigh-income, technology- and industrial-based economy; recent debt spikes; high inequality and poverty disparities persist; significant tariff and regulatory burdens, especially in agriculture; hard-hit by COVID-19; quantitative easing in effect
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $353.39 billion (2020 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $38,300 (2020 est.)
Agricultural products: milk, potatoes, poultry, tomatoes, carrots, turnips, tangerines/mandarins, green chillies/peppers, eggs, vegetables
Industries: high-technology products (including aviation, communications, computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics, fiber optics), wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food, beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, pharmaceuticals, construction, metal products, chemical products, plastics, cut diamonds, textiles, footwear
Exports: $113.87 billion (2020 est.)
Exports - partners: United States 26%, China 9%, United Kingdom 7% (2020)
Exports - commodities: diamonds, packaged medicines, medical instruments, integrated circuits, refined petroleum (2019)
Imports: $96.53 billion (2020 est.)
Imports - partners: United States 12%, China 11%, Germany 7.5%, Switzerland 7%, Turkey 6% (2020)
Imports - commodities: diamonds, cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment (2019)Page last updated: Wednesday, Jun 15, 2022


US State Dept Travel Advisory: The US Department of State currently recommends US citizens DO NOT TRAVEL to Ukraine due to Russian military invasion and COVID-19. U.S. citizens in Ukraine should depart immediately if it is safe to do so using any commercial or other privately available ground transportation options. U.S. citizens should not travel to Ukraine due to the active armed conflict and the singling out of U.S. citizens in Ukraine by Russian government security officials. All U.S. citizens should carefully monitor U.S. government notices and local and international media outlets for information about changing security conditions and alerts to shelter in place. Those remaining in Ukraine should exercise increased caution due to the potential for active combat, crime, and civil unrest. Consult its website via the link below for updates to travel advisories and statements on safety, security, local laws, and special circumstances in this country.

https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html
Passport/Visa Requirements: US citizens should make sure their passport is valid at the date of their entering the country and during the length of their entire visit. They should also make sure they have at least 1 blank page in their passport for any entry stamp that will be required. A visa is not required as long as you do not stay in the country more than 89 days.
US Embassy/Consulate: +38 (044) 521-5566; EMER +38 (044) 521-5000; US Embassy Kyiv, 4 A.I. Sikorsky St (formerly Tankova), 04112 Kyiv, Ukraine; kyivacs@state.gov;

https://ua.usembassy.gov/
Telephone Code: 380
Local Emergency Phone: Ambulance: 03, 118; Fire: 01; Police: 02
Vaccinations: See WHO recommendations. On 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Eastern Europe; Ukraine is currently considered a high risk to travelers for polio; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine.

http://www.who.int/
Climate: Temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; warm summers across the greater part of the country, hot in the south
Currency (Code): Hryvnia (UAH)
Electricity/Voltage/Plug Type(s): 230 V / 50 Hz / plug types(s): C, F

Major Languages: Ukrainian, Russian, other minority languages
Major Religions: Ukrainian Orthodox -Kyiv Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox -Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish
Time Difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time); daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Potable Water: Opt for bottled water
International Driving Permit: Suggested
Road Driving Side: Right
Tourist Destinations: Kyiv (includes Saint Sophia Cathedral, Monastery of the Caves, Museum of Folk Architecture, Saint Michael’s Golden Domed Monastery, Mariinsky Palace, National Opera House, Chernobyl Museum, Saint Andrew’s Church); Mount Hoverla; Tunnel of Love; Old Town Lviv; Odessa; Chernivtsi; Tauric Chersonese & Its Chora
Major Sports: Soccer, basketball, boxing, ice hockey
Cultural Practices: When invited to a household for dinner, it is considered rude to refuse any of the dishes offered.
Tipping Guidelines: Tipping is not required in Ukraine. However, 10% of the total bill is appreciated for good service. Tip the bellhop/porter the equivalent of $1 (USD) per bag and tip housekeeping your change.Please visit the following links to find further information about your desired destination.

World Health Organization (WHO) - To learn what vaccines and health precautions to take while visiting your destination.

US State Dept Travel Information - Overall information about foreign travel for US citizens.

To obtain an international driving permit (IDP). Only two organizations in the US issue IDPs:
American Automobile Association (AAA) and American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA)

How to get help in an emergency?
Contact the nearest US embassy or consulate, or call one of these numbers:
from the US or Canada - 1-888-407-4747 or from Overseas - +1 202-501-4444

Page last updated: Monday, April 25, 2022