For most countries, this entry gives the date that sovereignty was achieved and from which nation, empire, or trusteeship. For the other countries, the date given may not represent "independence" in the strict sense, but rather some significant nationhood event such as the traditional founding date or the date of unification, federation, confederation, establishment, fundamental change in the form of government, or state succession. For a number of countries, the establishment of statehood was a lengthy evolutionary process occurring over decades or even centuries. In such cases, several significant dates are cited. Dependent areas include the notation "none" followed by the nature of their dependency status. Also see the Terminology note.

Topic: Afghanistan19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs)

Topic: Albania28 November 1912 (from the Ottoman Empire)

Topic: Algeria5 July 1962 (from France)

Topic: American Samoanone (territory of the US)

Topic: Andorra1278 (formed under the joint sovereignty of the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgell)

Topic: Angola11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

Topic: Anguillanone (overseas territory of the UK)

Topic: Antigua and Barbuda1 November 1981 (from the UK)

Topic: Argentina9 July 1816 (from Spain)

Topic: Armenia21 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 321 B.C. (Kingdom of Armenia established under the Orontid Dynasty), A.D. 884 (Armenian Kingdom reestablished under the Bagratid Dynasty); 1198 (Cilician Kingdom established); 28 May 1918 (Democratic Republic of Armenia declared)

Topic: Arubanone (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Topic: Australia1 January 1901 (from the federation of UK colonies)

Topic: Austriano official date of independence: 976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 6 January 1453 (Archduchy of Austria acknowledged); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire proclaimed); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established); 12 November 1918 (First Republic proclaimed); 27 April 1945 (Second Republic proclaimed)

Topic: Azerbaijan30 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 18 October 1991 (adopted by the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan)

Topic: Bahamas, The10 July 1973 (from the UK)

Topic: Bahrain15 August 1971 (from the UK)

Topic: Bangladesh16 December 1971 (from Pakistan)

Topic: Barbados30 November 1966 (from the UK)

Topic: Belarus25 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Topic: Belgium4 October 1830 (a provisional government declared independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King LEOPOLD I ascended to the throne)

Topic: Belize21 September 1981 (from the UK)

Topic: Benin1 August 1960 (from France)

Topic: Bermudanone (Overseas Territory of the UK)

Topic: Bhutan17 December 1907 (became a unified kingdom under its first hereditary king); 8 August 1949 (Treaty of Friendship with India maintains Bhutanese independence)

Topic: Bolivia6 August 1825 (from Spain)

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovina1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia); note - referendum for independence completed on 1 March 1992; independence declared on 3 March 1992

Topic: Botswana30 September 1966 (from the UK)

Topic: Brazil7 September 1822 (from Portugal)

Topic: British Virgin Islandsnone (Overseas Territory of the UK)

Topic: Brunei1 January 1984 (from the UK)

Topic: Bulgaria3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the Ottoman Empire)

Topic: Burkina Faso5 August 1960 (from France)

Topic: Burma4 January 1948 (from the UK)

Topic: Burundi1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

Topic: Cabo Verde5 July 1975 (from Portugal)

Topic: Cambodia9 November 1953 (from France)

Topic: Cameroon1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: Canada1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11 December 1931 (recognized by UK per Statute of Westminster)

Topic: Cayman Islandsnone (overseas territory of the UK)

Topic: Central African Republic13 August 1960 (from France)

Topic: Chad11 August 1960 (from France)

Topic: Chile18 September 1810 (from Spain)

Topic: China1 October 1949 (People's Republic of China established); notable earlier dates: 221 B.C. (unification under the Qin Dynasty); 1 January 1912 (Qing Dynasty replaced by the Republic of China)

Topic: Christmas Islandnone (territory of Australia)

Topic: Cocos (Keeling) Islandsnone (territory of Australia)

Topic: Colombia20 July 1810 (from Spain)

Topic: Comoros6 July 1975 (from France)

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of the30 June 1960 (from Belgium)

Topic: Congo, Republic of the15 August 1960 (from France)

Topic: Cook Islandsnone (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 with the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action)

Topic: Costa Rica15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Topic: Cote d'Ivoire7 August 1960 (from France)

Topic: Croatia25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia); note - 25 June 1991 was the day the Croatian parliament voted for independence; following a three-month moratorium to allow the European Community to solve the Yugoslav crisis peacefully, parliament adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia; notable earlier dates: ca. 925 (Kingdom of Croatia established); 1 December 1918 (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) established)

Topic: Cuba20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a day of independence

Topic: Curacaonone (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Topic: Cyprus16 August 1960 (from the UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but these proclamations are recognized only by Turkey

Topic: Czechia1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia); note - although 1 January is the day the Czech Republic came into being, the Czechs commemorate 28 October 1918, the day the former Czechoslovakia declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as their independence day

Topic: Denmarkca. 965 (unified and Christianized under HARALD I Gormsson); 5 June 1849 (became a parliamentary constitutional monarchy)

Topic: Djibouti27 June 1977 (from France)

Topic: Dominica3 November 1978 (from the UK)

Topic: Dominican Republic27 February 1844 (from Haiti)

Topic: Ecuador24 May 1822 (from Spain)

Topic: Egypt28 February 1922 (from UK protectorate status; the military-led revolution that began on 23 July 1952 led to a republic being declared on 18 June 1953 and all British troops withdrawn on 18 June 1956); note - it was ca. 3200 B.C. that the Two Lands of Upper (southern) and Lower (northern) Egypt were first united politically

Topic: El Salvador15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Topic: Equatorial Guinea12 October 1968 (from Spain)

Topic: Eritrea24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)

Topic: Estonia24 February 1918 (from Soviet Russia); 20 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union)

Topic: Eswatini6 September 1968 (from the UK)

Topic: Ethiopiaoldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years (may be traced to the Aksumite Kingdom, which coalesced in the first century B.C.)

Topic: European Union7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed establishing the European Union); 1 November 1993 (Maastricht Treaty entered into force)

note: the Treaties of Rome, signed on 25 March 1957 and subsequently entered into force on 1 January 1958, created the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community; a series of subsequent treaties have been adopted to increase efficiency and transparency, to prepare for new member states, and to introduce new areas of cooperation - such as a single currency; the Treaty of Lisbon, signed on 13 December 2007 and entered into force on 1 December 2009 is the most recent of these treaties and is intended to make the EU more democratic, more efficient, and better able to address global problems with one voice

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)

Topic: Faroe Islandsnone (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)

Topic: Fiji10 October 1970 (from the UK)

Topic: Finland6 December 1917 (from Russia)

Topic: Franceno official date of independence: 486 (Frankish tribes unified under Merovingian kingship); 10 August 843 (Western Francia established from the division of the Carolingian Empire); 14 July 1789 (French monarchy overthrown); 22 September 1792 (First French Republic founded); 4 October 1958 (Fifth French Republic established)

Topic: French Polynesianone (overseas lands of France)

Topic: Gabon17 August 1960 (from France)

Topic: Gambia, The18 February 1965 (from the UK)

Topic: Georgia9 April 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier date: A.D. 1008 (Georgia unified under King BAGRAT III)

Topic: Germany18 January 1871 (establishment of the German Empire); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed on 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) proclaimed on 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; West Germany and East Germany unified on 3 October 1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights on 15 March 1991; notable earlier dates: 10 August 843 (Eastern Francia established from the division of the Carolingian Empire); 2 February 962 (crowning of OTTO I, recognized as the first Holy Roman Emperor)

Topic: Ghana6 March 1957 (from the UK)

Topic: Gibraltarnone (overseas territory of the UK)

Topic: Greece3 February 1830 (from the Ottoman Empire); note - 25 March 1821, outbreak of the national revolt against the Ottomans; 3 February 1830, signing of the London Protocol recognizing Greek independence by Great Britain, France, and Russia

Topic: Greenlandnone (extensive self-rule as part of the Kingdom of Denmark; foreign affairs is the responsibility of Denmark, but Greenland actively participates in international agreements relating to Greenland)

Topic: Grenada7 February 1974 (from the UK)

Topic: Guamnone (territory of the US)

Topic: Guatemala15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Topic: Guernseynone (British Crown dependency)

Topic: Guinea2 October 1958 (from France)

Topic: Guinea-Bissau24 September 1973 (declared); 10 September 1974 (from Portugal)

Topic: Guyana26 May 1966 (from the UK)

Topic: Haiti1 January 1804 (from France)

Topic: Holy See (Vatican City)11 February 1929; note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Holy See and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over centuries varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to A.D. 754

Topic: Honduras15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Topic: Hong Kongnone (special administrative region of China)

Topic: Hungary16 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established)

Topic: Iceland1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark; birthday of Jon SIGURDSSON, leader of Iceland's 19th Century independence movement)

Topic: India15 August 1947 (from the UK)

Topic: Indonesia17 August 1945 (declared independence from the Netherlands)

Topic: Iran1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed); notable earlier dates: ca. 550 B.C. (Achaemenid (Persian) Empire established); A.D. 1501 (Iran reunified under the Safavid Dynasty); 1794 (beginning of Qajar Dynasty); 12 December 1925 (modern Iran established under the PAHLAVI Dynasty)

Topic: Iraq3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration); note - on 28 June 2004 the Coalition Provisional Authority transferred sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government

Topic: Ireland6 December 1921 (from the UK by the Anglo-Irish Treaty, which ended British rule); 6 December 1922 (Irish Free State established); 18 April 1949 (Republic of Ireland Act enabled)

Topic: Isle of Mannone (British Crown dependency)

Topic: Israel14 May 1948 (following League of Nations mandate under British administration)

Topic: Italy17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed; Italy was not finally unified until 1871)

Topic: Jamaica6 August 1962 (from the UK)

Topic: Japan3 May 1947 (current constitution adopted as amendment to Meiji Constitution); notable earlier dates: 11 February 660 B.C. (mythological date of the founding of the nation by Emperor JIMMU); 29 November 1890 (Meiji Constitution provides for constitutional monarchy)

Topic: Jerseynone (British Crown dependency)

Topic: Jordan25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)

Topic: Kazakhstan16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Topic: Kenya12 December 1963 (from the UK)

Topic: Kiribati12 July 1979 (from the UK)

Topic: Korea, North15 August 1945 (from Japan)

Topic: Korea, South15 August 1945 (from Japan)

Topic: Kosovo17 February 2008 (from Serbia)

Topic: Kuwait19 June 1961 (from the UK)

Topic: Kyrgyzstan31 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Topic: Laos19 July 1949 (from France by the Franco-Lao General Convention); 22 October 1953 (Franco-Lao Treaty recognizes full independence)

Topic: Latvia18 November 1918 (from Soviet Russia); 4 May 1990 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union)

Topic: Lebanon22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)

Topic: Lesotho4 October 1966 (from the UK)

Topic: Liberia26 July 1847

Topic: Libya24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship)

Topic: Liechtenstein23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire); 24 August 1866 (independence from the German Confederation)

Topic: Lithuania16 February 1918 (from Soviet Russia and Germany); 11 March 1990 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 6 July 1253 (coronation of MINDAUGAS, traditional founding date); 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created)

Topic: Luxembourg1839 (from the Netherlands)

Topic: Macaunone (special administrative region of China)

Topic: Madagascar26 June 1960 (from France)

Topic: Malawi6 July 1964 (from the UK)

Topic: Malaysia31 August 1957 (from the UK)

Topic: Maldives26 July 1965 (from the UK)

Topic: Mali22 September 1960 (from France)

Topic: Malta21 September 1964 (from the UK)

Topic: Marshall Islands21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: Mauritania28 November 1960 (from France)

Topic: Mauritius12 March 1968 (from the UK)

Topic: Mexico16 September 1810 (declared independence from Spain); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States of3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: Moldova27 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Topic: Monaco1419 (beginning of permanent rule by the House of GRIMALDI)

Topic: Mongolia29 December 1911 (independence declared from China; in actuality, autonomy attained); 11 July 1921 (from China)

Topic: Montenegro3 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro); notable earlier dates: 13 March 1852 (Principality of Montenegro established); 13 July 1878 (Congress of Berlin recognizes Montenegrin independence); 28 August 1910 (Kingdom of Montenegro established)

Topic: Montserratnone (overseas territory of the UK)

Topic: Morocco2 March 1956 (from France)

Topic: Mozambique25 June 1975 (from Portugal)

Topic: Namibia21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)

Topic: Nauru31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: Nepal1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan SHAH)

Topic: Netherlands23 January 1579 (the northern provinces of the Low Countries conclude the Union of Utrecht breaking with Spain; on 26 July 1581, they formally declared their independence with an Act of Abjuration; however, it was not until 30 January 1648 and the Peace of Westphalia that Spain recognized this independence)

Topic: New Caledonianone (overseas collectivity of France); note - in three independence referenda, on 4 November 2018, 4 October 2020, and 12 December 2021, the majority voted to reject independence in favor of maintaining the status quo; an 18-month transition period is now in place (ending 30 June 2023), during which a referendum on the new status of New Caledonia within France will take place

Topic: New Zealand26 September 1907 (from the UK)

Topic: Nicaragua15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Topic: Niger3 August 1960 (from France)

Topic: Nigeria1 October 1960 (from the UK)

Topic: Niue19 October 1974 (Niue became a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand)

Topic: Norfolk Islandnone (territory of Australia)

Topic: North Macedonia8 September 1991 (referendum by registered voters endorsed independence from Yugoslavia)

Topic: Northern Mariana Islandsnone (commonwealth in political union with the US)

Topic: Norway7 June 1905 (declared the union with Sweden dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union); notable earlier dates: ca. 872 (traditional unification of petty Norwegian kingdoms by HARALD Fairhair); 1397 (Kalmar Union of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden); 1524 (Denmark-Norway); 17 May 1814 (Norwegian constitution adopted); 4 November 1814 (Sweden-Norway union confirmed)

Topic: Oman1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)

Topic: Pakistan14 August 1947 (from British India)

Topic: Palau1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: Panama3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain on 28 November 1821)

Topic: Papua New Guinea16 September 1975 (from the Australia-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: Paraguay14-15 May 1811 (from Spain); note - the uprising against Spanish authorities took place during the night of 14-15 May 1811 and both days are celebrated in Paraguay

Topic: Peru28 July 1821 (from Spain)

Topic: Philippines4 July 1946 (from the US)

Topic: Pitcairn Islandsnone (overseas territory of the UK)

Topic: Poland11 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 14 April 966 (adoption of Christianity, traditional founding date), 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created)

Topic: Portugal1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 1 December 1640 (independence reestablished following 60 years of Spanish rule); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)

Topic: Puerto Riconone (territory of the US with commonwealth status)

Topic: Qatar3 September 1971 (from the UK)

Topic: Romania9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire; 13 July 1878 (independence recognized by the Treaty of Berlin); 26 March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed)

Topic: Russia25 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union; Russian SFSR renamed Russian Federation); notable earlier dates: 1157 (Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal created); 16 January 1547 (Tsardom of Muscovy established); 22 October 1721 (Russian Empire proclaimed); 30 December 1922 (Soviet Union established)

Topic: Rwanda1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: Saint Barthelemynone (overseas collectivity of France)

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunhanone (overseas territory of the UK)

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevis19 September 1983 (from the UK)

Topic: Saint Lucia22 February 1979 (from the UK)

Topic: Saint Martinnone (overseas collectivity of France)

Topic: Saint Pierre and Miquelonnone (overseas collectivity collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines27 October 1979 (from the UK)

Topic: Samoa1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: San Marino3 September 301 (traditional founding date)

Topic: Sao Tome and Principe12 July 1975 (from Portugal)

Topic: Saudi Arabia23 September 1932 (unification of the kingdom)

Topic: Senegal4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960

Topic: Serbia5 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro); notable earlier dates: 1217 (Serbian Kingdom established); 16 April 1346 (Serbian Empire established); 13 July 1878 (Congress of Berlin recognizes Serbian independence); 1 December 1918 (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) established)

Topic: Seychelles29 June 1976 (from the UK)

Topic: Sierra Leone27 April 1961 (from the UK)

Topic: Singapore9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)

Topic: Sint Maartennone (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Topic: Slovakia1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)

Topic: Slovenia25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Topic: Solomon Islands7 July 1978 (from the UK)

Topic: Somalia1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960 to form the Somali Republic)

Topic: South Africa31 May 1910 (Union of South Africa formed from four British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange Free State); 22 August 1934 (Status of the Union Act); 31 May 1961 (republic declared); 27 April 1994 (majority rule)

Topic: South Sudan9 July 2011 (from Sudan)

Topic: Spain1492; the Iberian peninsula was characterized by a variety of independent kingdoms prior to the Muslim occupation that began in the early 8th century A.D. and lasted nearly seven centuries; the small Christian redoubts of the north began the reconquest almost immediately, culminating in the seizure of Granada in 1492; this event completed the unification of several kingdoms and is traditionally considered the forging of present-day Spain

Topic: Sri Lanka4 February 1948 (from the UK)

Topic: Sudan1 January 1956 (from Egypt and the UK)

Topic: Suriname25 November 1975 (from the Netherlands)

Topic: Svalbardnone (territory of Norway)

Topic: Sweden6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king of Sweden, marking the abolishment of the Kalmar Union between Denmark, Norway, and Sweden)

Topic: Switzerland1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation)

Topic: Syria17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)

Topic: Tajikistan9 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Topic: Tanzania26 April 1964 (Tanganyika united with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar); 29 October 1964 (renamed United Republic of Tanzania); notable earlier dates: 9 December 1961 (Tanganyika became independent from UK-administered UN trusteeship); 10 December 1963 (Zanzibar became independent from UK)

Topic: Thailand1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)

Topic: Timor-Leste20 May 2002 (from Indonesia); note - 28 November 1975 was the date independence was proclaimed from Portugal; 20 May 2002 was the date of international recognition of Timor-Leste's independence from Indonesia

Topic: Togo27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

Topic: Tokelaunone (territory of New Zealand)

Topic: Tonga4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate status)

Topic: Trinidad and Tobago31 August 1962 (from the UK)

Topic: Tunisia20 March 1956 (from France)

Topic: Turkey29 October 1923 (republic proclaimed, succeeding the Ottoman Empire)

Topic: Turkmenistan27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Topic: Turks and Caicos Islandsnone (overseas territory of the UK)

Topic: Tuvalu1 October 1978 (from the UK)

Topic: Uganda9 October 1962 (from the UK)

Topic: Ukraine24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: ca. 982 (VOLODYMYR I consolidates Kyivan Rus); 1199 (Principality (later Kingdom) of Ruthenia formed); 1648 (establishment of the Cossack Hetmanate); 22 January 1918 (from Soviet Russia)

Topic: United Arab Emirates2 December 1971 (from the UK)

Topic: United Kingdomno official date of independence: 927 (minor English kingdoms unite); 3 March 1284 (enactment of the Statute of Rhuddlan uniting England and Wales); 1536 (Act of Union formally incorporates England and Wales); 1 May 1707 (Acts of Union formally unite England, Scotland, and Wales as Great Britain); 1 January 1801 (Acts of Union formally unite Great Britain and Ireland as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland); 6 December 1921 (Anglo-Irish Treaty formalizes partition of Ireland; six counties remain part of the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland); 12 April 1927 (Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act establishes current name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)

Topic: United States4 July 1776 (declared independence from Great Britain); 3 September 1783 (recognized by Great Britain)

Topic: Uruguay25 August 1825 (from Brazil)

Topic: Uzbekistan1 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Topic: Vanuatu30 July 1980 (from France and the UK)

Topic: Venezuela5 July 1811 (from Spain)

Topic: Vietnam2 September 1945 (from France)

Topic: Virgin Islandsnone (territory of the US)

Topic: Wake Islandnone (territory of the US)

Topic: Wallis and Futunanone (overseas collectivity of France)

Topic: Yemen22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen was established with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]); notable earlier dates: North Yemen became independent on 1 November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and became a republic with the overthrow of the theocratic Imamate on 27 September 1962; South Yemen became independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)

Topic: Zambia24 October 1964 (from the UK)

Topic: Zimbabwe18 April 1980 (from the UK)


This entry records the cumulative total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt should not be confused with external debt, which reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and public sector and must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings.

Topic: Afghanistan7% of GDP (2017 est.)

7.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Albania71.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

73.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Algeria27.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

20.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt

Topic: American Samoa12.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Andorra41% of GDP (2014 est.)

41.4% of GDP (2013 est.)

Topic: Angola65% of GDP (2017 est.)

75.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Anguilla20.1% of GDP (2015 est.)

20.8% of GDP (2014 est.)

Topic: Antigua and Barbuda86.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

86.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Argentina57.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

55% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Armenia53.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

51.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Aruba86% of GDP (2017 est.)

84.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Australia40.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

40.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Austria78.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

83.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; as a percentage of GDP, the GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product in current year prices

Topic: Azerbaijan54.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

50.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Bahamas, The54.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

50.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Bahrain88.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

81.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Bangladesh33.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

33.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Barbados157.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

149.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Belarus53.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

53.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Belgium103.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

106% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; general government debt is defined by the Maastricht definition and calculated by the National Bank of Belgium as consolidated gross debt; the debt is defined in European Regulation EC479/2009 concerning the implementation of the protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the Treaty on European Union (Treaty of Maastricht) of 7 February 1992; the sub-sectors of consolidated gross debt are: federal government, communities and regions, local government, and social security funds

Topic: Belize99% of GDP (2017 est.)

95.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Benin54.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

49.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Bermuda43% of GDP (FY14/15)

Topic: Bhutan106.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

114.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Bolivia49% of GDP (2017 est.)

44.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovina39.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

44.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions.

Topic: Botswana14% of GDP (2017 est.)

15.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Brazil84% of GDP (2017 est.)

78.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Brunei2.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Bulgaria23.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

27.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds

Topic: Burkina Faso38.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

38.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Burma33.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

35.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Burundi51.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

48.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Cabo Verde125.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

127.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Cambodia30.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

29.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Cameroon36.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

32.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Canada89.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

91.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: figures are for gross general government debt, as opposed to net federal debt; gross general government debt includes both intragovernmental debt and the debt of public entities at the sub-national level

Topic: Central African Republic52.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

56% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Chad52.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

52.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Chile23.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

21% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: China47% of GDP (2017 est.)

44.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: official data; data cover both central and local government debt, including debt officially recognized by China's National Audit Office report in 2011; data exclude policy bank bonds, Ministry of Railway debt, and China Asset Management Company debt

Topic: Colombia49.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

49.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities

Topic: Comoros32.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

27.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of the18.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

19.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Congo, Republic of the130.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

128.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Costa Rica48.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

44.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Cote d'Ivoire47% of GDP (2017 est.)

47% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Croatia77.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

82.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Cuba47.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

42.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Curacao33.2% of GDP (2012 est.)

40.6% of GDP (2011 est.)

Topic: Cyprus97.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

106.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment

Topic: Czechia34.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

36.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Denmark35.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

37.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Topic: Djibouti31.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

33.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Dominica82.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

71.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Dominican Republic37.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

34.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Ecuador45.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

43.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Egypt103% of GDP (2017 est.)

96.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions

Topic: El Salvador67.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

66.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: El Salvador's total public debt includes non-financial public sector debt, financial public sector debt, and central bank debt

Topic: Equatorial Guinea37.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

43.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Eritrea131.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

132.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Estonia9% of GDP (2017 est.)

9.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds

Topic: Eswatini28.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

25.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Ethiopia54.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

53.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: European Union86.8% of GDP (2014)

85.5% of GDP (2013)

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)0% of GDP (2015 est.)

Topic: Faroe Islands35% of GDP (2014 est.)

Topic: Fiji48.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Finland61.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

62.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Topic: France96.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

96.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Topic: Gabon62.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

64.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Gambia, The88% of GDP (2017 est.)

82.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Georgia44.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

44.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities; Georgia does not maintain intragovernmental debt or social funds

Topic: Germany63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

67.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euros; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank

Topic: Ghana71.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

73.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Gibraltar7.5% of GDP (2008 est.)

8.4% of GDP (2006 est.)

Topic: Greece181.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

183.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Greenland13% of GDP (2015 est.)

Topic: Grenada70.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

82% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Guam22.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

32.1% of GDP (2013)

Topic: Guatemala24.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

24.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Guinea37.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

41.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Guinea-Bissau53.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

57.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Guyana52.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

50.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Haiti31.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

33.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Honduras39.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

38.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Hong Kong0.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

0.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Hungary73.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

76% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and national, state, and local government and social security funds.

Topic: Iceland40% of GDP (2017 est.)

51.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: India71.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

69.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover central government debt, and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Topic: Indonesia28.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Iran39.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: includes publicly guaranteed debt

Topic: Iraq59.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

66% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Ireland68.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

73.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Topic: Israel72.6% of GDP (2020 est.)

59.6% of GDP (2019 est.)

60.4% of GDP (2018 est.)

Topic: Italy131.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

132% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: Italy reports its data on public debt according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty; general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year, in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises central, state, and local government and social security funds

Topic: Jamaica101% of GDP (2017 est.)

113.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Japan237.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

235.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Jordan95.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

95.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Topic: Kazakhstan20.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

19.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Kenya54.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

53.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Kiribati26.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

22.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Korea, South39.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

39.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Kosovo21.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

19.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Kuwait20.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

9.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Kyrgyzstan56% of GDP (2017 est.)

55.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Laos63.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

58.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Latvia36.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds

Topic: Lebanon146.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

145.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover central government debt and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment

Topic: Lesotho33.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

36.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Liberia34.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Libya4.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

7.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Lithuania39.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

40.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions

Topic: Luxembourg23% of GDP (2017 est.)

20.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Topic: Macau0% of GDP (2017 est.)

0% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Madagascar36% of GDP (2017 est.)

38.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Malawi59.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

60.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Malaysia54.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

56.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: this figure is based on the amount of federal government debt, RM501.6 billion ($167.2 billion) in 2012; this includes Malaysian Treasury bills and other government securities, as well as loans raised externally and bonds and notes issued overseas; this figure excludes debt issued by non-financial public enterprises and guaranteed by the federal government, which was an additional $47.7 billion in 2012

Topic: Maldives63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

61.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Mali35.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

36% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Malta50.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

56.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: Malta reports public debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year, according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty for general government gross debt; the data include the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); general government comprises the central, state, and local governments, and social security funds

Topic: Marshall Islands25.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

30% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Mauritania96.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

100% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Mauritius64% of GDP (2017 est.)

66.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Mexico54.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

56.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States of24.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

25.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Moldova31.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

35.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Mongolia91.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

90% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Montenegro67.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

66.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Topic: Morocco65.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

64.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Mozambique102.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

121.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Namibia41.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

39.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Nauru62% of GDP (2017 est.)

65% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Nepal26.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

27.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Netherlands56.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

61.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Topic: New Caledonia6.5% of GDP (2015 est.)

6.5% of GDP (2014 est.)

Topic: New Zealand31.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

33.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Nicaragua33.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

31.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; Nicaragua rebased its GDP figures in 2012, which reduced the figures for debt as a percentage of GDP

Topic: Niger45.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

45.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Nigeria21.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

19.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: North Macedonia39.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

39.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: official data from Ministry of Finance; data cover central government debt; this data excludes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; includes treasury debt held by foreign entitites; excludes debt issued by sub-national entities; there are no debt instruments sold for social funds

Topic: Northern Mariana Islands7.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

Topic: Norway36.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

36.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Topic: Oman46.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

32.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: excludes indebtedness of state-owned enterprises

Topic: Pakistan67% of GDP (2017 est.)

67.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Palau24.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

21.6% of GDP (2015)

Topic: Panama37.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Papua New Guinea36.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

36.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Paraguay19.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

18.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Peru25.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

24.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities

Topic: Philippines39.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

39% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Poland50.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

54.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Topic: Portugal125.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

129.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Topic: Puerto Rico51.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

50.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Qatar53.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

46.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Romania36.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

38.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds

Topic: Russia15.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

16.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Topic: Rwanda40.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

37.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevis62.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

61.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Saint Lucia70.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

69.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines73.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

82.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Samoa49.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

52.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: San Marino24.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

22.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Sao Tome and Principe88.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

93.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Saudi Arabia17.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

13.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Senegal48.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

47.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Serbia62.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

73.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Seychelles63.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

69.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Sierra Leone63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

54.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Singapore111.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

106.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: Singapore's public debt consists largely of Singapore Government Securities (SGS) issued to assist the Central Provident Fund (CPF), which administers Singapore's defined contribution pension fund; special issues of SGS are held by the CPF, and are non-tradable; the government has not borrowed to finance deficit expenditures since the 1980s; Singapore has no external public debt

Topic: Slovakia50.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

51.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general Government Gross Debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities, including sub-sectors of central, state, local government, and social security funds

Topic: Slovenia73.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

78.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds

Topic: Solomon Islands9.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

7.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Somalia76.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

93% of GDP (2014 est.)

Topic: South Africa53% of GDP (2017 est.)

51.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: South Sudan62.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

86.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Spain98.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

99% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Sri Lanka79.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

79.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: covers central government debt and excludes debt instruments directly owned by government entities other than the treasury (e.g. commercial bank borrowings of a government corporation); the data includes treasury debt held by foreign entities as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement; sub-national entities are usually not permitted to sell debt instruments

Topic: Sudan121.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

99.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Suriname69.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

75.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Sweden40.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

42.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Topic: Switzerland41.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

41.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: general government gross debt; gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future; includes debt liabilities in the form of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, insurance, pensions and standardized guarantee schemes, and other accounts payable; all liabilities in the GFSM (Government Financial Systems Manual) 2001 system are debt, except for equity and investment fund shares and financial derivatives and employee stock options

Topic: Syria94.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

91.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Taiwan35.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

36.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data for central government

Topic: Tajikistan50.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

42% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Tanzania37% of GDP (2017 est.)

38% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Thailand41.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

41.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions

Topic: Timor-Leste3.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

3.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Togo75.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

81.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Tonga48% of GDP (FY2017 est.)

51.8% of GDP (FY2016 est.)

Topic: Trinidad and Tobago41.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

37% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Tunisia70.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

62.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Turkey28.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Turkmenistan28.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

24.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Tuvalu37% of GDP (2017 est.)

47.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Uganda40% of GDP (2017 est.)

37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Ukraine71% of GDP (2017 est.)

81.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: the total public debt of $64.5 billion consists of: domestic public debt ($23.8 billion); external public debt ($26.1 billion); and sovereign guarantees ($14.6 billion)

Topic: United Arab Emirates19.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

20.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: United Kingdom87.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

87.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Topic: United States78.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

81.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as "Debt Held by the Public," which includes all debt instruments issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities; the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by individual US states, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of Treasury borrowings from surpluses in the trusts for Federal Social Security, Federal Employees, Hospital and Supplemental Medical Insurance (Medicare), Disability and Unemployment, and several other smaller trusts; if data for intragovernment debt were added, "gross debt" would increase by about one-third of GDP

Topic: Uruguay65.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

61.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions.

Topic: Uzbekistan24.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

10.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Vanuatu48.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

46.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Venezuela38.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

31.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover central government debt, as well as the debt of state-owned oil company PDVSA; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include some debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; some debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions

Topic: Vietnam58.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

59.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Topic: Virgin Islands53.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

45.9% of GDP (2014 est.)

Topic: Wallis and Futuna5.6% of GDP (2004 est.)

note: offical data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Topic: West Bank24.4% of GDP (2014 est.)

23.8% of GDP (2013 est.)

Topic: World67.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

67.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Yemen74.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

68.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Zambia63.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

60.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Topic: Zimbabwe82.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

69.9% of GDP (2016 est.)


This entry provides two measures of the degree of urbanization of a population. The first,  urban population, describes the percentage of the total population living in urban areas, as defined by the country. The second, rate of urbanization, describes the projected average rate of change of the size of the urban population over the given period of time. It is possible for a country with a 100% urban population to still display a change in the rate of urbanization (up or down). For example, a population of 100,000 that is 100% urban can change in size to 110,000 or 90,000 but remain 100% urban.

Additionally, the World entry includes a list of the ten largest urban agglomerations. An urban agglomeration is defined as comprising the city or town proper and also the suburban fringe or thickly settled territory lying outside of, but adjacent to, the boundaries of the city.

Topic: Afghanistanurban population: 26.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Albaniaurban population: 63.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.29% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Algeriaurban population: 74.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: American Samoaurban population: 87.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.26% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Andorraurban population: 87.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Angolaurban population: 68.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Anguillaurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Antigua and Barbudaurban population: 24.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Argentinaurban population: 92.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Armeniaurban population: 63.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Arubaurban population: 44.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Australiaurban population: 86.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, and Norfolk Island

Topic: Austriaurban population: 59.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Azerbaijanurban population: 57.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Nagorno-Karabakh

Topic: Bahamas, Theurban population: 83.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Bahrainurban population: 89.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Bangladeshurban population: 39.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Barbadosurban population: 31.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.46% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Belarusurban population: 80.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Belgiumurban population: 98.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Belizeurban population: 46.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.3% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Beninurban population: 49.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Bermudaurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Bhutanurban population: 43.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.52% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Boliviaurban population: 70.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovinaurban population: 49.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Botswanaurban population: 72.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Brazilurban population: 87.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: British Virgin Islandsurban population: 49.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Bruneiurban population: 78.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Bulgariaurban population: 76.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Burkina Fasourban population: 31.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Burmaurban population: 31.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.85% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Burundiurban population: 14.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 5.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Cabo Verdeurban population: 67.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.83% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Cambodiaurban population: 25.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.06% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Cameroonurban population: 58.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Canadaurban population: 81.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.95% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Cayman Islandsurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.13% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Central African Republicurban population: 43.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Chadurban population: 24.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.1% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Chileurban population: 87.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.78% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Chinaurban population: 63.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.78% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data do not include Hong Kong and Macau

Topic: Colombiaurban population: 82% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.01% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Comorosurban population: 29.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of theurban population: 46.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Congo, Republic of theurban population: 68.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Cook Islandsurban population: 75.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.52% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Costa Ricaurban population: 82% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Cote d'Ivoireurban population: 52.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Croatiaurban population: 58.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Cubaurban population: 77.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Curacaourban population: 89% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Cyprusurban population: 66.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.76% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Czechiaurban population: 74.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Denmarkurban population: 88.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Djiboutiurban population: 78.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.56% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Dominicaurban population: 71.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Dominican Republicurban population: 83.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Ecuadorurban population: 64.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.62% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Egypturban population: 43% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.9% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: El Salvadorurban population: 74.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Equatorial Guineaurban population: 74% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.62% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Eritreaurban population: 42.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.67% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Estoniaurban population: 69.6% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: -0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Eswatiniurban population: 24.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Ethiopiaurban population: 22.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)urban population: 79.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.53% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Faroe Islandsurban population: 42.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Fijiurban population: 58.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.37% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Finlandurban population: 85.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Franceurban population: 81.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.67% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: French Polynesiaurban population: 62.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.65% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Gabonurban population: 90.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Gambia, Theurban population: 63.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Gaza Stripurban population: 77.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.85% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data represent Gaza Strip and the West Bank

Topic: Georgiaurban population: 60.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Topic: Germanyurban population: 77.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.13% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Ghanaurban population: 58.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.06% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Gibraltarurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.45% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Topic: Greeceurban population: 80.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Greenlandurban population: 87.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Grenadaurban population: 36.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.86% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Guamurban population: 95.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Guatemalaurban population: 52.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Guernseyurban population: 31.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Guernsey and Jersey

Topic: Guineaurban population: 37.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Guinea-Bissauurban population: 45% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.22% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Guyanaurban population: 27% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.01% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Haitiurban population: 58.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Holy See (Vatican City)urban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Hondurasurban population: 59.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.48% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Hong Kongurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.58% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Hungaryurban population: 72.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Icelandurban population: 94% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Indiaurban population: 35.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Indonesiaurban population: 57.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Iranurban population: 76.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Iraqurban population: 71.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.91% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Irelandurban population: 64.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Isle of Manurban population: 53.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Israelurban population: 92.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.51% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Italyurban population: 71.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Jamaicaurban population: 57% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.79% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Japanurban population: 92% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Jerseyurban population: 31.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Guernsey and Jersey

Topic: Jordanurban population: 91.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Kazakhstanurban population: 58% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Kenyaurban population: 29% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Kiribatiurban population: 57.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Korea, Northurban population: 62.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.85% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Korea, Southurban population: 81.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.31% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Kuwaiturban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Kyrgyzstanurban population: 37.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Laosurban population: 37.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Latviaurban population: 68.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Lebanonurban population: 89.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -1.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Lesothourban population: 29.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Liberiaurban population: 53.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.41% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Topic: Libyaurban population: 81.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Liechtensteinurban population: 14.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Lithuaniaurban population: 68.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Luxembourgurban population: 91.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Macauurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.46% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Madagascarurban population: 39.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.26% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Malawiurban population: 18% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Malaysiaurban population: 78.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Maldivesurban population: 41.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Maliurban population: 45.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Maltaurban population: 94.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Marshall Islandsurban population: 78.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Mauritaniaurban population: 56.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Mauritiusurban population: 40.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Mexicourban population: 81.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States ofurban population: 23.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.52% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Moldovaurban population: 43.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Monacourban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Mongoliaurban population: 68.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Montenegrourban population: 68.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Montserraturban population: 9.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.94% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Moroccourban population: 64.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note:  data does not include former Western Sahara

Topic: Mozambiqueurban population: 38.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Namibiaurban population: 54% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Nauruurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.18% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Nepalurban population: 21.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Netherlandsurban population: 92.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: New Caledoniaurban population: 72.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: New Zealandurban population: 86.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Nicaraguaurban population: 59.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Nigerurban population: 16.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Nigeriaurban population: 53.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Niueurban population: 47.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: North Macedoniaurban population: 59.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Northern Mariana Islandsurban population: 92% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.36% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Norwayurban population: 83.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands

Topic: Omanurban population: 87.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Pakistanurban population: 37.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.1% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Palauurban population: 82% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Panamaurban population: 69.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Papua New Guineaurban population: 13.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.91% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Paraguayurban population: 62.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Peruurban population: 78.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Philippinesurban population: 48% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Pitcairn Islandsrate of urbanization: NA

Topic: Polandurban population: 60.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.16% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Portugalurban population: 67.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Puerto Ricourban population: 93.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Qatarurban population: 99.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.66% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Romaniaurban population: 54.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Russiaurban population: 75.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Rwandaurban population: 17.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.07% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunhaurban population: 40.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevisurban population: 31% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.06% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Saint Luciaurban population: 19% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Saint Pierre and Miquelonurban population: 90% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesurban population: 53.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.94% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Samoaurban population: 17.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: San Marinourban population: 97.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Sao Tome and Principeurban population: 75.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.96% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Saudi Arabiaurban population: 84.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.69% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Senegalurban population: 49.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Serbiaurban population: 56.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Kosovo

Topic: Seychellesurban population: 58.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Sierra Leoneurban population: 43.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Singaporeurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Sint Maartenurban population: 100% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.16% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. est.)

Topic: Slovakiaurban population: 53.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.17% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Sloveniaurban population: 55.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Solomon Islandsurban population: 25.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Somaliaurban population: 47.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: South Africaurban population: 68.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: South Sudanurban population: 20.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Spainurban population: 81.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla

Topic: Sri Lankaurban population: 19% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.22% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Sudanurban population: 36% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Surinameurban population: 66.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Swedenurban population: 88.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Switzerlandurban population: 74.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.79% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Syriaurban population: 56.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 5.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Taiwanurban population: 79.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.65% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Tajikistanurban population: 28% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Tanzaniaurban population: 36.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Thailandurban population: 52.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Timor-Lesteurban population: 32.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.31% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Togourban population: 43.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.6% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Tokelauurban population: 0% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Tongaurban population: 23.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Trinidad and Tobagourban population: 53.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Tunisiaurban population: 70.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Turkeyurban population: 77% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Turkmenistanurban population: 53.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Turks and Caicos Islandsurban population: 94% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.46% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Tuvaluurban population: 65.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.08% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Ugandaurban population: 26.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 5.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Ukraineurban population: 69.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: United Arab Emiratesurban population: 87.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: United Kingdomurban population: 84.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.8% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: United Statesurban population: 83.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.96% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Uruguayurban population: 95.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Uzbekistanurban population: 50.5% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Vanuatuurban population: 25.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.55% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Venezuelaurban population: 88.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.16% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Vietnamurban population: 38.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.7% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Virgin Islandsurban population: 96.1% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: -0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Wallis and Futunaurban population: 0% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: West Bankurban population: 77.3% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.85% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data represent Gaza Strip and the West Bank

Topic: Worldurban population: 57% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 1.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Yemenurban population: 39.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 3.71% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Topic: Zambiaurban population: 45.8% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Zimbabweurban population: 32.4% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)