This field refers to a country's coal and metallurgical coke production, consumption, exports, imports, and proven reserves. These energy sources include anthracite, metallurgical, bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coal and metallurgical coke. Proven reserves are those quantities of coal that have been analyzed as commercially recoverable in the future based on known reservoirs and assuming current economic conditions. Data are reported in metric tons, and one metric ton is 1,000 kilograms.

Topic: AfghanistanProduction: 2.096 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 2.096 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 66 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: AlbaniaProduction: 9,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 119,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 110,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 522 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: AlgeriaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 59 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: American SamoaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: AngolaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: AntarcticaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Antigua and BarbudaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ArgentinaProduction: 829,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.55 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 4,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 990,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 500 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ArmeniaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 12,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 12,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 163 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ArubaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: AustraliaProduction: 504.051 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 99.048 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 390.808 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 583,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 149.079 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: AustriaProduction: 1.327 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 4.899 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 3.667 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: AzerbaijanProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 19,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 19,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Bahamas, TheProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BahrainProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BangladeshProduction: 1.016 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 9.345 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 8.329 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 293 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BarbadosProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BelarusProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 621,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1.574 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.117 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BelgiumProduction: 1.105 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 4.167 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 504,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 3.467 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BelizeProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BeninProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 78,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 78,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BermudaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BhutanProduction: 174,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 211,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 37,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BoliviaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Bosnia and HerzegovinaProduction: 6.966 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 7.752 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 525,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.366 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2.264 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BotswanaProduction: 1.876 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.416 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 497,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.66 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BrazilProduction: 13.993 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 31.841 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 16,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 19.217 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 6.596 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: British Virgin IslandsProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BruneiProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BulgariaProduction: 22.298 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 23.213 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 35,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 675,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2.366 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Burkina FasoProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BurmaProduction: 1.468 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.981 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 514,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 6 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: BurundiProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Cabo VerdeProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: CambodiaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 2.974 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 3.311 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: CameroonProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: CanadaProduction: 48.328 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 25.642 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 32.026 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 7.577 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 6.582 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Cayman IslandsProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Central African RepublicProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 3 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ChadProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ChileProduction: 542,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 10.573 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 134,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 10.607 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.181 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ChinaProduction: 4,314,681,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 4,506,387,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 6.652 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 307.047 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 141.595 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ColombiaProduction: 51.395 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 8.547 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 69.861 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 79,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 4.554 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ComorosProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of theProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 10,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 10,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 88 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Congo, Republic of theProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Cook IslandsProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Costa RicaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Cote d'IvoireProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: CroatiaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 643,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 2,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 644,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: CubaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 4,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 4,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: CyprusProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: CzechiaProduction: 33.806 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 37.212 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1.885 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 3.795 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2.927 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: DenmarkProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.249 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 194,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.122 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: DjiboutiProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: DominicaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Dominican RepublicProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.791 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.359 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: EcuadorProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 10,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 10,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 24 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: EgyptProduction: 262,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 2.31 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 86,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.134 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 16 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: El SalvadorProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Equatorial GuineaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: EritreaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: EstoniaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 3,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 3,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: EswatiniProduction: 108,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 169,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 163,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 135,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 144 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: EthiopiaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 689,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 528,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)Production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Faroe IslandsProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: FijiProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: FinlandProduction: 762,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 3.552 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 101,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.661 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: FranceProduction: 2.312 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 10.712 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 35,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 7.891 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: French PolynesiaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GabonProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Gambia, TheProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GeorgiaProduction: 99,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 362,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 277,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 201 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GermanyProduction: 114.86 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 145.379 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 2.317 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 31.503 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 35.9 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GhanaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 48,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 48,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GibraltarProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GreeceProduction: 13.851 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 13.828 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 7,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 305,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2.876 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GreenlandProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 183 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GrenadaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GuamProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GuatemalaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 2.28 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.376 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GuineaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Guinea-BissauProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: GuyanaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: HaitiProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: HondurasProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 25,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 25,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Hong KongProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 5.485 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 5.485 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: HungaryProduction: 6.956 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 8.079 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 230,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.395 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2.909 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: IcelandProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 142,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 136,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: IndiaProduction: 743.214 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 883.979 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1.029 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 219.212 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 105.931 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: IndonesiaProduction: 563.728 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 132.548 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 409.892 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 8.95 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 39.891 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: IranProduction: 2.783 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 2.794 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 76,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 87,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.203 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: IraqProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: IrelandProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 351,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 132,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 408,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 14 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: IsraelProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 5.089 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 5.565 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ItalyProduction: 1.456 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 9.335 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 368,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 8.235 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 17 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: JamaicaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 61,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 82,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: JapanProduction: 29.84 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 210.882 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 3.201 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 174.486 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 350 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: JordanProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 219,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 219,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: KazakhstanProduction: 102.338 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 74.819 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 3.002 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 993,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 25.605 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: KenyaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 821,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 822,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: KiribatiProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Korea, NorthProduction: 16.376 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 6.698 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 22,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 600 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Korea, SouthProduction: 16.364 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 140.579 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 16,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 123.784 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 326 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: KosovoProduction: 8.538 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 8.549 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 9,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 20,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.564 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: KuwaitProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 68,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 68,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: KyrgyzstanProduction: 2.287 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.717 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 984,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 481,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 971 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: LaosProduction: 16.04 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 15.823 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 235,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 18,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 503 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: LatviaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 39,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 3,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 40,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: LebanonProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 268,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 268,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: LesothoProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: LiberiaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: LibyaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: LithuaniaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 221,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 75,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 268,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: LuxembourgProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 65,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 74,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MacauProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MadagascarProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 107,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 115,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MalawiProduction: 48,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 47,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MalaysiaProduction: 2.977 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 35.268 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 17,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 37.295 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 226 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MaldivesProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MaliProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MaltaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MauritaniaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MauritiusProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 661,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.189 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MexicoProduction: 9.886 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 10.241 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 3,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 5.182 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.211 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States ofProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Topic: MoldovaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 133,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 133,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MongoliaProduction: 43.904 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 8.818 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 28.551 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2.52 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MontenegroProduction: 1.456 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.351 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 96,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 142 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MontserratProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MoroccoProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 9.321 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 9.321 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 14 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: MozambiqueProduction: 7.25 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 46,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 8.355 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 48,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.792 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: NamibiaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 38,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 59,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: NauruProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: NepalProduction: 28,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 839,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 811,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: NetherlandsProduction: 1.879 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 8.241 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 20.164 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 21.552 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 497 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: New CaledoniaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.151 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.151 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: New ZealandProduction: 3.226 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 3.001 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1.14 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.09 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 7.575 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: NicaraguaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: NigerProduction: 224,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 224,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 6 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: NigeriaProduction: 44,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 12,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 77,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 344 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: NiueProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: North MacedoniaProduction: 5.026 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 5.211 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 174,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 332 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Northern Mariana IslandsProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Topic: NorwayProduction: 69,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.13 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 46,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.172 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 2 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: OmanProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 115,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 115,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: PakistanProduction: 4.855 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 21.012 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 17.239 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 3.064 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: PanamaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.118 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.15 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Papua New GuineaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ParaguayProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: PeruProduction: 696,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 396,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 252,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 262,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 102 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: PhilippinesProduction: 13.752 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 32.855 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 7.554 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 28.358 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 361 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: PolandProduction: 108.152 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 110.674 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 11.063 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 13.281 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 26.932 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: PortugalProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 957,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 238,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 36 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Puerto RicoProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.361 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.502 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: QatarProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: RomaniaProduction: 15.002 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 16.412 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 2,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1.384 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 291 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: RussiaProduction: 447.332 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 266.038 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 224.324 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 24.027 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 162.166 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: RwandaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da CunhaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Saint Kitts and NevisProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Saint LuciaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Saint Pierre and MiquelonProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SamoaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Sao Tome and PrincipeProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Saudi ArabiaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 73,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 73,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SenegalProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 894,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 894,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SerbiaProduction: 39.673 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 40.83 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 72,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 987,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 7.514 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SeychellesProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Sierra LeoneProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SingaporeProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 423,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 424,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SlovakiaProduction: 2.148 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 5.371 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 3.111 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 135 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SloveniaProduction: 3.175 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 3.502 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 3,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 335,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 371 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Solomon IslandsProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SomaliaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: South AfricaProduction: 248.388 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 170.308 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 74.965 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.054 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 9.893 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: South SudanProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SpainProduction: 546,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 4.918 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 2.083 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 4.857 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.187 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Sri LankaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 2.237 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.586 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SudanProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SurinameProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SwedenProduction: 1.07 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 3.328 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 24,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.144 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SwitzerlandProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 150,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 139,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: SyriaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 38,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 38,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: TaiwanProduction: 5.955 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 67.985 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 118,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 63.523 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: TajikistanProduction: 2.103 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 2.16 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 57,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 375 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: TanzaniaProduction: 712,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 577,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 126,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 269 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ThailandProduction: 13.251 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 35.761 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 63,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 23.899 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.063 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Timor-LesteProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: TogoProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 46,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 46,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: TongaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Trinidad and TobagoProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: TunisiaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 5,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 5,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Turkey (Turkiye)Production: 78.871 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 108.271 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 54,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 40.919 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 11.525 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: TurkmenistanProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Turks and Caicos IslandsProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: TuvaluProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Topic: UgandaProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: UkraineProduction: 23.908 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 41.181 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 61,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 17.333 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 34.375 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: United Arab EmiratesProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 2.563 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 2,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.565 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: United KingdomProduction: 2.892 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 9.401 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1.309 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 5.537 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 26 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: United StatesProduction: 495.13 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 441.968 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 63.276 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 4.808 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 228.662 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: UruguayProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: UzbekistanProduction: 3.98 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 5.668 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 2.995 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 1.375 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: VanuatuProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: VenezuelaProduction: 396,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 33,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 685,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 731 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: VietnamProduction: 47.789 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 80.568 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 902,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 55 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 3.36 billion metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: Wake IslandProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: YemenProduction: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 22,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 22,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ZambiaProduction: 1.116 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 1.176 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 39,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 99,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 45 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Topic: ZimbabweProduction: 3.888 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 3.579 million metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 327,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 502 million metric tons (2019 est.)


Topic: Photos of Finland

Topic: Introduction
Background: Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries, and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It gained complete independence in 1917. During World War II, Finland successfully defended its independence through cooperation with Germany and resisted subsequent invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, Finland transformed from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the EU since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro single currency at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are high quality education, promotion of equality, and a national social welfare system - currently challenged by an aging population and the fluctuations of an export-driven economy.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia
Geographic coordinates: 64 00 N, 26 00 E
Map references: Europe
Area: total: 338,145 sq km

land: 303,815 sq km

water: 34,330 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly more than two times the size of Georgia; slightly smaller than Montana
Land boundaries: total: 2,563 km

border countries (3): Norway 709 km; Sweden 545 km; Russia 1,309 km
Coastline: 1,250 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm)

contiguous zone: 24 nm

continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden, Estonia, and Russia
Climate: cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
Terrain: mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills
Elevation: highest point: Halti (alternatively Haltia, Haltitunturi, Haltiatunturi) 1,328 m

lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m

mean elevation: 164 m
Natural resources: timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone
Land use: agricultural land: 7.5% (2018 est.)

arable land: 7.4% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0.1% (2018 est.)

forest: 72.9% (2018 est.)

other: 19.6% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 690 sq km (2012)
Major lakes (area sq km): Fresh water lake(s): Saimaa - 1,760 sq km; Paijanne - 1,090 sq km; Inarijarvi - 1,000 sq km; Oulujarvi - 900 sq km; Pielinen - 850 sq km
Population distribution: the vast majority of people are found in the south; the northern interior areas remain sparsely poplulated
Natural hazards: severe winters in the north
Geography - note: long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain
Map description: Finland map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Baltic Sea.Finland map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Baltic Sea.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 5,601,547 (2022 est.)
Nationality: noun: Finn(s)

adjective: Finnish
Ethnic groups: Finnish, Swedish, Russian, Estonian, Romani, Sami

note: 91.5% of the population has a Finnish background
Languages: Finnish (official) 86.5%, Swedish (official) 5.2%, Russian 1.6%, other 6.7% (2021 est.)

major-language sample(s):
World Factbook, korvaamaton perustietolähde. (Finnish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions: Lutheran 66.6%, Greek Orthodox 1.1%, other 1.7%, none 30.6% (2021 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 16.41% (male 467,220/female 447,005)

15-24 years: 10.95% (male 312,179/female 297,717)

25-54 years: 37.37% (male 1,064,326/female 1,017,545)

55-64 years: 13.02% (male 357,687/female 367,610)

65 years and over: 22.26% (2020 est.) (male 543,331/female 697,045)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 62.4

youth dependency ratio: 25.8

elderly dependency ratio: 36.6

potential support ratio: 2.7 (2020 est.)
Median age: total: 42.8 years

male: 41.3 years

female: 44.4 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.24% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 10.42 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 10.35 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: 2.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution: the vast majority of people are found in the south; the northern interior areas remain sparsely poplulated
Urbanization: urban population: 85.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population: 1.328 million HELSINKI (capital) (2022)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female

total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 29.5 years (2020 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio: 3 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 2.13 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 2.31 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 1.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 81.76 years

male: 78.86 years

female: 84.79 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.74 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: 85.5% (2015)

note: percent of women aged 18-49
Drinking water source: improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
Current Health Expenditure: 9.2% (2019)
Physicians density: 4.64 physicians/1,000 population (2018)
Hospital bed density: 3.6 beds/1,000 population (2018)
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.1% (2018 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 4,000 (2018)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: (2018) <100
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 22.2% (2016)
Tobacco use: total: 21.6% (2020 est.)

male: 26.9% (2020 est.)

female: 16.3% (2020 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: NA
Child marriage: women married by age 18: 0% (2017 est.)
Education expenditures: 6.3% of GDP (2018 est.)
Literacy: total population: NA

male: NA

female: NA
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 19 years

male: 18 years

female: 20 years (2019)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 21.4%

male: 23.2%

female: 19.4% (2020 est.)

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: limited air pollution in urban centers; some water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
Environment - international agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Air pollutants: particulate matter emissions: 5.88 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 45.87 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 4.46 megatons (2020 est.)
Climate: cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
Land use: agricultural land: 7.5% (2018 est.)

arable land: 7.4% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0.1% (2018 est.)

forest: 72.9% (2018 est.)

other: 19.6% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 85.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Revenue from forest resources: forest revenues: 0.36% of GDP (2018 est.)
Revenue from coal: coal revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 2.738 million tons (2015 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually: 769,926 tons (2015 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 28.1% (2015 est.)
Major lakes (area sq km): Fresh water lake(s): Saimaa - 1,760 sq km; Paijanne - 1,090 sq km; Inarijarvi - 1,000 sq km; Oulujarvi - 900 sq km; Pielinen - 850 sq km
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 400 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

industrial: 1.417 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

agricultural: 50 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 110 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Finland

conventional short form: Finland

local long form: Suomen tasavalta (Finnish)/ Republiken Finland (Swedish)

local short form: Suomi (Finnish)/ Finland (Swedish)

etymology: name may derive from the ancient Fenni peoples who are first described as living in northeastern Europe in the first centuries A.D.
Government type: parliamentary republic
Capital: name: Helsinki

geographic coordinates: 60 10 N, 24 56 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the name may derive from the Swedish "helsing," an archaic name for "neck" ("hals"), and which may refer to a narrowing of the Vantaa River that flows into the Gulf of Finland at Helsinki; "fors" refers to "rapids," so "helsing fors" meaning becomes "the narrows' rapids"
Administrative divisions: 19 regions (maakunnat, singular - maakunta (Finnish); landskapen, singular - landskapet (Swedish)); Aland (Swedish), Ahvenanmaa (Finnish); Etela-Karjala (Finnish), Sodra Karelen (Swedish) [South Karelia]; Etela-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Sodra Osterbotten (Swedish) [South Ostrobothnia]; Etela-Savo (Finnish), Sodra Savolax (Swedish) [South Savo]; Kanta-Hame (Finnish), Egentliga Tavastland (Swedish); Kainuu (Finnish), Kajanaland (Swedish); Keski-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Mellersta Osterbotten (Swedish) [Central Ostrobothnia]; Keski-Suomi (Finnish), Mellersta Finland (Swedish) [Central Finland]; Kymenlaakso (Finnish), Kymmenedalen (Swedish); Lappi (Finnish), Lappland (Swedish); Paijat-Hame (Finnish), Paijanne-Tavastland (Swedish); Pirkanmaa (Finnish), Birkaland (Swedish) [Tampere]; Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Osterbotten (Swedish) [Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Karjala (Finnish), Norra Karelen (Swedish) [North Karelia]; Pohjois-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Norra Osterbotten (Swedish) [North Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Savo (Finnish), Norra Savolax (Swedish) [North Savo]; Satakunta (Finnish and Swedish); Uusimaa (Finnish), Nyland (Swedish) [Newland]; Varsinais-Suomi (Finnish), Egentliga Finland (Swedish) [Southwest Finland]
Independence: 6 December 1917 (from Russia)
National holiday: Independence Day, 6 December (1917)
Constitution: history: previous 1906, 1919; latest drafted 17 June 1997, approved by Parliament 11 June 1999, entered into force 1 March 2000

amendments: proposed by Parliament; passage normally requires simple majority vote in two readings in the first parliamentary session and at least two-thirds majority vote in a single reading by the newly elected Parliament; proposals declared "urgent" by five-sixths of Parliament members can be passed by at least two-thirds majority vote in the first parliamentary session only; amended several times, last in 2018
Legal system: civil law system based on the Swedish model
International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Finland

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 6 years
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President Sauli NIINISTO (since 1 March 2012)

head of government: Prime Minister Sanna MARIN (since 10 December 2019)

cabinet: Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament

elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 January 2018 (next to be held in January 2024); prime minister appointed by Parliament

election results: Sauli NIINISTO reelected president; percent of vote Sauli NIINISTO (independent) 62.7%, Pekka HAAVISTO (Vihr) 12.4%, Laura HUHTASAARI (PS) 6.9%, Paavo VAYRYNEN (independent) 6.2%, Matti VANHANEN (Kesk) 4.1%, other 7.7%
Legislative branch: description: unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; 199 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member in the province of Aland directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)

elections: last held on 14 April 2019 (next to be held in April 2023)

election results: percent of vote by party/coalition - SDP 20%, PS 19.5%, Kok 19.0%. Center Party  15.5%, Vihr 10%, Vas 8%, SFP 4.5%, KD 2.5%, Aland .5%; other .5%; seats by party/coalition - SDP 40, PS 39, Kok 38, Centre Party 31, Vihr 20, Vas 16, SFP 9, KD 5; Aland 1; other 1; composition men 109, women 91, percent of women 45.5%
Judicial branch: highest courts: Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (consists of the court president and 18 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 21 judges, including the court president and organized into 3 chambers); note - Finland has a dual judicial system - courts with civil and criminal jurisdiction and administrative courts with jurisdiction for litigation between individuals and administrative organs of the state and communities

judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court judges appointed by the president of the republic; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 68

subordinate courts: 6 Courts of Appeal; 8 regional administrative courts; 27 district courts; special courts for issues relating to markets, labor, insurance, impeachment, land, tenancy, and water rights
Political parties and leaders: Aland Coalition (a coalition of several political parties on the Aland Islands)
Center Party or Kesk [Annika SAARIKKO]
Christian Democrats or KD [Sari ESSAYAH]
Finns Party or PS [Riikka PURRA]
Green League or Vihr [Maria OHISALO]
Left Alliance or Vas [Li ANDERSSON]
National Coalition Party or Kok [Petteri ORPO]
Social Democratic Party or SDP [Sanna MARIN]
Swedish People's Party or RKP or SFP [Anna-Maja HENRIKSSON]
International organization participation: ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNSOM, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Mikko Tapani HAUTALA (since 17 September 2020)

chancery: 3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 298-5800

FAX: [1] (202) 298-6030

email address and website:
sanomat.was@formin.fi

https://finlandabroad.fi/web/usa/mission

consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Douglas HICKEY (since 11 May 2022)

embassy: Itainen Puistotie 14 B, 00140 Helsinki

mailing address: 5310 Helsinki Place, Washington DC  20521-5310

telephone: [358] (9) 616-250

FAX: [358] (9) 174-681

email address and website:
HelsinkiACS@state.gov

https://fi.usembassy.gov/
Flag description: white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the blue represents the thousands of lakes scattered across the country, while the white is for the snow that covers the land in winter
National symbol(s): lion; national colors: blue, white
National anthem: name: "Maamme" (Our Land)

lyrics/music: Johan Ludvig RUNEBERG/Fredrik PACIUS

note: in use since 1848; although never officially adopted by law, the anthem has been popular since it was first sung by a student group in 1848; Estonia's anthem uses the same melody as that of Finland
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 7 (6 cultural, 1 natural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Fortress of Suomenlinna (c); Old Rauma (c); Petäjävesi Old Church (c); Verla Groundwood and Board Mill (c); Bronze Age Burial Site of Sammallahdenmäki (c); High Coast / Kvarken Archipelago (n); Struve Geodetic Arc (c)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita GDP almost as high as that of Austria and the Netherlands and slightly above that of Germany and Belgium. Trade is important, with exports accounting for over one-third of GDP in recent years. The government is open to, and actively takes steps to attract, foreign direct investment.   Finland is historically competitive in manufacturing, particularly in the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Finland excels in export of technology as well as promotion of startups in the information and communications technology, gaming, cleantech, and biotechnology sectors. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the cold climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export industry, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population.   Finland had been one of the best performing economies within the EU before 2009 and its banks and financial markets avoided the worst of global financial crisis. However, the world slowdown hit exports and domestic demand hard in that year, causing Finland’s economy to contract from 2012 to 2014. The recession affected general government finances and the debt ratio. The economy returned to growth in 2016, posting a 1.9% GDP increase before growing an estimated 3.3% in 2017, supported by a strong increase in investment, private consumption, and net exports. Finnish economists expect GDP to grow a rate of 2-3% in the next few years.   Finland's main challenges will be reducing high labor costs and boosting demand for its exports. In June 2016, the government enacted a Competitiveness Pact aimed at reducing labor costs, increasing hours worked, and introducing more flexibility into the wage bargaining system. As a result, wage growth was nearly flat in 2017. The Government was also seeking to reform the health care system and social services. In the long term, Finland must address a rapidly aging population and decreasing productivity in traditional industries that threaten competitiveness, fiscal sustainability, and economic growth.Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita GDP almost as high as that of Austria and the Netherlands and slightly above that of Germany and Belgium. Trade is important, with exports accounting for over one-third of GDP in recent years. The government is open to, and actively takes steps to attract, foreign direct investment. Finland is historically competitive in manufacturing, particularly in the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Finland excels in export of technology as well as promotion of startups in the information and communications technology, gaming, cleantech, and biotechnology sectors. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the cold climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export industry, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. Finland had been one of the best performing economies within the EU before 2009 and its banks and financial markets avoided the worst of global financial crisis. However, the world slowdown hit exports and domestic demand hard in that year, causing Finland’s economy to contract from 2012 to 2014. The recession affected general government finances and the debt ratio. The economy returned to growth in 2016, posting a 1.9% GDP increase before growing an estimated 3.3% in 2017, supported by a strong increase in investment, private consumption, and net exports. Finnish economists expect GDP to grow a rate of 2-3% in the next few years. Finland's main challenges will be reducing high labor costs and boosting demand for its exports. In June 2016, the government enacted a Competitiveness Pact aimed at reducing labor costs, increasing hours worked, and introducing more flexibility into the wage bargaining system. As a result, wage growth was nearly flat in 2017. The Government was also seeking to reform the health care system and social services. In the long term, Finland must address a rapidly aging population and decreasing productivity in traditional industries that threaten competitiveness, fiscal sustainability, and economic growth.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $261.39 billion (2020 est.)

$268.84 billion (2019 est.)

$265.46 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
Real GDP growth rate: 1.15% (2019 est.)

1.52% (2018 est.)

3.27% (2017 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $47,300 (2020 est.)

$48,700 (2019 est.)

$48,100 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): $269.259 billion (2019 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1% (2019 est.)

1% (2018 est.)

0.7% (2017 est.)
Credit ratings: Fitch rating: AA+ (2016)

Moody's rating: Aa1 (2016)

Standard & Poors rating: AA+ (2014)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 2.7% (2017 est.)

industry: 28.2% (2017 est.)

services: 69.1% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 54.4% (2017 est.)

government consumption: 22.9% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 22.1% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories: 0.4% (2017 est.)

exports of goods and services: 38.5% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services: -38.2% (2017 est.)
Agricultural products: milk, barley, oats, wheat, potatoes, sugar beet, rye, pork, poultry, beef
Industries: metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing
Industrial production growth rate: 6.2% (2017 est.)
Labor force: 2.52 million (2020 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 4%

industry: 20.7%

services: 75.3% (2017 est.)
Unemployment rate: 6.63% (2019 est.)

7.38% (2018 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 21.4%

male: 23.2%

female: 19.4% (2020 est.)
Population below poverty line: 12.2% (2019 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 27.4 (2017 est.)

22.2 (1995)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 6.7%

highest 10%: 45.2% (2013)
Budget: revenues: 134.2 billion (2017 est.)

expenditures: 135.6 billion (2017 est.)

note: Central Government Budget data; these numbers represent a significant reduction from previous official reporting
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -0.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Public debt: 61.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

62.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Taxes and other revenues: 53.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Current account balance: -$603 million (2019 est.)

-$4.908 billion (2018 est.)
Exports: $108.22 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$106.01 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$109.513 billion (2017 est.)
Exports - partners: Germany 14%, Sweden 10%, United States 8%, Netherlands 6%, China 6%, Russia 5% (2019)
Exports - commodities: refined petroleum, paper and wood pulp products, cars, stainless steel, lumber (2019)
Imports: $107.39 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$109.45 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$110.701 billion (2017 est.)
Imports - partners: Germany 16%, Sweden 14%, Russia 13%, China 6%, Netherlands 6% (2019)
Imports - commodities: crude petroleum, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicines (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $10.51 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$11.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Debt - external: $631.549 billion (2019 est.)

$536.301 billion (2018 est.)
Exchange rates: euros (EUR) per US dollar -

0.82771 (2020 est.)

0.90338 (2019 est.)

0.87789 (2018 est.)

0.885 (2014 est.)

0.7634 (2013 est.)

Topic: Energy
Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2020)
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 20.418 million kW (2020 est.)

consumption: 79.356 billion kWh (2020 est.)

exports: 6.666 billion kWh (2020 est.)

imports: 21.615 billion kWh (2020 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 2.574 billion kWh (2020 est.)
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 13.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

nuclear: 33.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

solar: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

wind: 11.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

hydroelectricity: 23.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

biomass and waste: 17.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Coal: production: 762,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

consumption: 3.552 million metric tons (2020 est.)

exports: 101,000 metric tons (2020 est.)

imports: 2.661 million metric tons (2020 est.)

proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 8,300 bbl/day (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 207,400 bbl/day (2019 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate imports: 232,400 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 310,600 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 166,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 122,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Natural gas: production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

consumption: 2,392,826,000 cubic meters (2020 est.)

exports: 181.143 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

imports: 2,568,532,000 cubic meters (2020 est.)

proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 41.996 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 9.377 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 27.737 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 4.882 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: 216.571 million Btu/person (2019 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 225,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2020 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 7.12 million (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 129 (2020 est.)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: Finland’s telecom market is among the more progressive in Europe, with operators having been at the forefront in deploying technologies and with the regulator being among the first to auction spectrum for 5G use; these efforts have been supported by the government which is working towards its target of providing a broadband service of at least 100Mb/s by 2025; 5G services were available to more than 40% of the population by early 2021, and take-up among subscribers has been strong although most will remain with LTE in the short term; the country enjoys one of the highest broadband and mobile subscription rates in the region, with customers able to make use of the latest iterations of technologies including DOCSIS3.1, LTE-A, 5G, and GPON fiber infrastructure; Finland has emerged as one of the pioneers in 5G; the auction of spectrum in the 700MHz and 3.5GHh bands has enabled network operators to extend the availability of LTE services nationally and to prepare for 5G services; Spectrum in the 2.5GHz band was auctioned in mid-2020 and has since enabled the MNOs to widen their 5G footprint considerably; the incumbent telco Telia remains the dominant player in the DSL sector, but there is an ongoing shift away from DSL to fiber and mobile networks. (2021)

domestic: fixed-line 4 per 100 subscriptions and nearly 129 per 100 mobile-cellular (2020)

international: country code - 358; landing points for Botnia, BCS North-1 & 2, SFL, SFS-4, C-Lion1, Eastern Lights, Baltic Sea Submarine Cable, FEC, and EESF-2 & 3 submarine cables that provide links to many Finland points, Estonia, Sweden, Germany, and Russia; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) (2019)

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
Broadcast media: a mix of 3 publicly operated TV stations and numerous privately owned TV stations; several free and special-interest pay-TV channels; cable and satellite multi-channel subscription services are available; all TV signals are broadcast digitally; Internet television, such as Netflix and others, is available; public broadcasting maintains a network of 13 national and 25 regional radio stations; a large number of private radio broadcasters and access to Internet radio
Internet country code: .fi

note - Aland Islands assigned .ax.fi
Internet users: total: 5,087,180 (2020 est.)

percent of population: 92% (2020 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 1.846 million (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2020 est.)

Topic: Transportation
National air transport system: number of registered air carriers: 3 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 77

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 13,364,839 (2018)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 957.64 million (2018) mt-km
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: OH
Airports: total: 148 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 74

over 3,047 m: 3

2,438 to 3,047 m: 26

1,524 to 2,437 m: 10

914 to 1,523 m: 21

under 914 m: 14 (2021)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 74

914 to 1,523 m: 3

under 914 m: 71 (2021)
Pipelines: 1,288 km gas transmission pipes, 1,976 km distribution pipes (2016)
Railways: total: 5,926 km (2016)

broad gauge: 5,926 km (2016) 1.524-m gauge (3,270 km electrified)
Roadways: total: 454,000 km (2012)

highways: 78,000 km (2012) (50,000 paved, including 700 km of expressways; 28,000 unpaved)

private and forest roads: 350,000 km (2012)

urban: 26,000 km (2012)
Waterways: 8,000 km (2013) (includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia; water transport used frequently in the summer and widely replaced with sledges on the ice in winter; there are 187,888 lakes in Finland that cover 31,500 km); Finland also maintains 8,200 km of coastal fairways
Merchant marine: total: 272

by type: bulk carrier 9, container ship 1, general cargo 74, oil tanker 4, other 184 (2021)
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Helsinki, Kotka, Naantali, Porvoo, Raahe, Rauma

LNG terminal(s) (import): Pori, Tornio Manga; note - an additional terminal at Hamina is under construction and due to come online in October 2022

Topic: Military and Security
Military and security forces: Finnish Defense Forces (FDF): Army (Maavoimat), Navy (Merivoimat), Air Force (Ilmavoimat); Ministry of the Interior: Border Guard (Rajavartiolaitos) (2022)

note: the Border Guard becomes part of the FDF in wartime
Military expenditures: 2% of GDP (2021 est.)

1.5% of GDP (2020)

1.4% of GDP (2019) (approximately $4.18 billion)

1.4% of GDP (2018) (approximately $4.02 billion)

1.3% of GDP (2017) (approximately $3.8 billion)
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 22,000 total active duty personnel (15,000 Army; 4,000 Navy; 3,000 Air Force) (2022)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the inventory of the Finnish Defense Forces consists of a wide mix of mostly modern US, European, and domestically-produced weapons systems; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier; the Finnish defense industry produces a variety of military equipment, including wheeled armored vehicles and naval vessels (2021)
Military service age and obligation: at age 18, all Finnish men are obligated to serve 5.5-12 months of service within a branch of the military or the Border Guard (length of service depends on the type of duty), and women 18-29 may volunteer for service; there is also an option to perform non-military service which lasts for 8.5 or 11.5 months; after completing their initial conscript obligation, individuals enter the reserves and remain eligible for mobilization until the age of 50 for rank-and-file and 60 for non-commissioned and commissioned officers (2022)

note: the military trains approximately 21,000 (20,000 Army) conscripts each year; as of 2019, women made up about 4% of the military's full-time personnel
Military deployments: 160 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (May 2022)
Military - note: as of early 2022, Finland was not a member of NATO, but Finland and NATO actively cooperated in peace-support operations, exercised together, and exchanged analysis and information; Finland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994; Finnish Armed Forces participated in NATO-led military operations and missions in the Balkans, Afghanistan, and Iraq Finland is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) and actively participates in CSDP crisis management missions and operations the Finnish Armed Forces closely cooperate with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009as of early 2022, Finland was not a member of NATO, but Finland and NATO actively cooperated in peace-support operations, exercised together, and exchanged analysis and information; Finland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994; Finnish Armed Forces participated in NATO-led military operations and missions in the Balkans, Afghanistan, and IraqFinland is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) and actively participates in CSDP crisis management missions and operationsthe Finnish Armed Forces closely cooperate with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia and other areas ceded to the former Soviet Union, but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demandsvarious groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia and other areas ceded to the former Soviet Union, but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands
Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 9,053 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 30,372 (Ukraine) (as of 9 August 2022)

stateless persons: 3,416 (mid-year 2021)