This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States in the year noted. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The differences between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the wealthy industrialized countries are generally much smaller.

Topic: Afghanistan$77.04 billion (2020 est.)

$78.56 billion (2019 est.)

$75.6 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Albania$37.73 billion (2020 est.)

$39.02 billion (2019 est.)

$38.19 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Algeria$468.4 billion (2020 est.)

$495.56 billion (2019 est.)

$491.63 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: American Samoa$658 million (2016 est.)

$674.9 million (2015 est.)

$666.9 billion (2014 est.)

note: data are in 2016 US dollars

Topic: Andorra$3.327 billion (2015 est.)

$3.363 billion (2014 est.)

$3.273 billion (2013 est.)

note: data are in 2012 US dollars

Topic: Angola$203.71 billion (2020 est.)

$212.29 billion (2019 est.)

$213.62 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Anguilla$175.4 million (2009 est.)

$191.7 million (2008 est.)

$108.9 million (2004 est.)

Topic: Antigua and Barbuda$1.76 billion (2020 est.)

$2.09 billion (2019 est.)

$2.02 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Argentina$893.31 billion (2020 est.)

$991.52 billion (2019 est.)

$1,012,670,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Armenia$37.31 billion (2020 est.)

$40.38 billion (2019 est.)

$37.53 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Aruba$4.158 billion (2017 est.)

$4.05 billion (2017 est.)

$4.107 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Australia$1,250,900,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,254,480,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,227,940,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Austria$463.12 billion (2020 est.)

$495.8 billion (2019 est.)

$488.86 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Azerbaijan$138.51 billion (2020 est.)

$144.74 billion (2019 est.)

$141.24 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Bahamas, The$12.1 billion (2020 est.)

$14.45 billion (2019 est.)

$14.28 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Bahrain$69.65 billion (2020 est.)

$73.95 billion (2019 est.)

$72.51 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Bangladesh$793.49 billion (2020 est.)

$775.08 billion (2019 est.)

$716.65 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Barbados$3.7 billion (2020 est.)

$4.49 billion (2019 est.)

$4.49 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Belarus$179.97 billion (2020 est.)

$181.61 billion (2019 est.)

$179.1 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Belgium$557.11 billion (2020 est.)

$594.47 billion (2019 est.)

$584.05 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Belize$2.43 billion (2020 est.)

$2.83 billion (2019 est.)

$2.78 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Benin$40.29 billion (2020 est.)

$38.79 billion (2019 est.)

$36.3 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Bermuda$5.23 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.)

$5.2 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.)

$5.227 billion (2017 est.)

Topic: Bhutan$8.42 billion (2020 est.)

$9.03 billion (2019 est.)

$8.56 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Bolivia$92.59 billion (2020 est.)

$100.45 billion (2019 est.)

$98.27 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovina$47.05 billion (2020 est.)

$49.17 billion (2019 est.)

$47.82 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Botswana$37.72 billion (2020 est.)

$40.95 billion (2019 est.)

$39.75 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Brazil$2,989,430,000,000 (2020 est.)

$3,115,910,000,000 (2019 est.)

$3,072,550,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: British Virgin Islands$500 million (2017 est.)

$490.2 million (2016 est.)

$481.1 million (2015 est.)

Topic: Brunei$27.23 billion (2020 est.)

$26.91 billion (2019 est.)

$25.9 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Bulgaria$155.06 billion (2020 est.)

$161.78 billion (2019 est.)

$156.02 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Burkina Faso$45.16 billion (2020 est.)

$44.27 billion (2019 est.)

$41.88 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Burma$247.24 billion (2020 est.)

$274.69 billion (2019 est.)

$270.11 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Burundi$8.69 billion (2020 est.)

$8.67 billion (2019 est.)

$8.51 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Cabo Verde$3.36 billion (2020 est.)

$3.94 billion (2019 est.)

$3.73 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Cambodia$70.08 billion (2020 est.)

$72.36 billion (2019 est.)

$67.59 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Cameroon$94.94 billion (2020 est.)

$94.25 billion (2019 est.)

$90.87 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Canada$1,742,790,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,842,330,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,808,660,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Cayman Islands$4.78 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.)

$4.61 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.)

$4.409 billion (2017 est.)

Topic: Central African Republic$4.483 billion (2019 est.)

$4.354 billion (2018 est.)

$4.195 billion (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Chad$24.97 billion (2020 est.)

$25.19 billion (2019 est.)

$24.4 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Chile$445.88 billion (2020 est.)

$473.19 billion (2019 est.)

$468.77 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: China$23,009,780,000,000 (2020 est.)

$22,492,450,000,000 (2019 est.)

$21,229,360,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Christmas IslandNANA

Topic: Cocos (Keeling) IslandsNANA

Topic: Colombia$683.94 billion (2020 est.)

$734.22 billion (2019 est.)

$710.89 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Comoros$2.73 billion (2020 est.)

$2.6 billion (2019 est.)

$2.55 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of the$96.03 billion (2020 est.)

$95.29 billion (2019 est.)

$91.29 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Congo, Republic of the$19.03 billion (2020 est.)

$20.68 billion (2019 est.)

$20.63 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Cook Islands$299.9 million (2016 est.)

$183.2 million (2015 est.)

Topic: Costa Rica$100.25 billion (2020 est.)

$105.02 billion (2019 est.)

$102.79 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Cote d'Ivoire$136.48 billion (2020 est.)

$134.05 billion (2019 est.)

$126.19 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Croatia$107.11 billion (2020 est.)

$116.89 billion (2019 est.)

$113.64 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Cuba$137 billion (2017 est.)

$134.8 billion (2016 est.)

$134.2 billion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2016 US dollars

Topic: Curacao$3.86 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.)

$3.99 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.)

$4.08 billion (2017 est.)

Topic: Cyprus$33.67 billion (2020 est.)

$35.48 billion (2019 est.)

$34.42 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Czechia$409.97 billion (2020 est.)

$434.31 billion (2019 est.)

$424.48 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Denmark$326.2 billion (2020 est.)

$335.36 billion (2019 est.)

$326.07 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Djibouti$5.42 billion (2020 est.)

$5.39 billion (2019 est.)

$5 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Dominica$710 million (2020 est.)

$850 million (2019 est.)

$830 million (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Dominican Republic$184.45 billion (2020 est.)

$197.74 billion (2019 est.)

$188.23 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Ecuador$182.24 billion (2020 est.)

$197.55 billion (2019 est.)

$197.53 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Egypt$1,223,040,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,180,890,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,118,720,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: El Salvador$52.26 billion (2020 est.)

$56.77 billion (2019 est.)

$55.31 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Equatorial Guinea$23.86 billion (2020 est.)

$25.09 billion (2019 est.)

$26.68 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Eritrea$9.702 billion (2017 est.)

$8.953 billion (2016 est.)

$8.791 billion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Estonia$47.44 billion (2020 est.)

$48.87 billion (2019 est.)

$46.54 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Eswatini$9.74 billion (2020 est.)

$9.9 billion (2019 est.)

$9.68 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Ethiopia$264.05 billion (2020 est.)

$248.97 billion (2019 est.)

$229.76 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: European Union$19,885,625,000,000 (2019 est.)

$19,551,328,000,000 (2018 est.)

$19,115,988,000,000 (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)$206.4 million (2015 est.)

$164.5 million (2014 est.)

$167.5 million (2013 est.)

Topic: Faroe Islands$2.001 billion (2014 est.)

$1.89 billion (2013 est.)

$1.608 billion (2012 est.)

Topic: Fiji$9.86 billion (2020 est.)

$12.18 billion (2019 est.)

$12.23 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Finland$261.39 billion (2020 est.)

$268.84 billion (2019 est.)

$265.46 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: France$2,832,170,000,000 (2020 est.)

$3,082,300,000,000 (2019 est.)

$3,036,490,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: French Polynesia$5.49 billion (2017 est.)

$5.383 billion (2016 est.)

$6.963 billion (2015 est.)

Topic: Gabon$32.05 billion (2020 est.)

$32.48 billion (2019 est.)

$31.25 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Gambia, The$5.22 billion (2020 est.)

$5.22 billion (2019 est.)

$4.92 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Gaza Stripsee entry for the West Banksee entry for the West Bank

Topic: Georgia$52.33 billion (2020 est.)

$55.76 billion (2019 est.)

$53.12 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Germany$4,238,800,000,000 (2020 est.)

$4,457,050,000,000 (2019 est.)

$4,432,430,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Ghana$164.84 billion (2020 est.)

$164.16 billion (2019 est.)

$154.13 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Gibraltar$2.044 billion (2014 est.)

$1.85 billion (2013 est.)

$2 billion (2012 est.)

note: data are in 2014 dollars

Topic: Greece$292.4 billion (2020 est.)

$318.68 billion (2019 est.)

$312.87 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Greenland$2.413 billion (2015 est.)

$2.24 billion (2014 est.)

$2.203 billion (2013 est.)

note: data are in 2015 US dollars

Topic: Grenada$1.7 billion (2020 est.)

$1.91 billion (2019 est.)

$1.87 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Guam$5.793 billion (2016 est.)

$5.697 billion (2015 est.)

$5.531 billion (2014 est.)

Topic: Guatemala$141.5 billion (2020 est.)

$143.68 billion (2019 est.)

$138.33 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Guernsey$3.465 billion (2015 est.)

$3.451 billion (2014 est.)

$3.42 billion (2013 est.)

note: data are in 2015 dollars

Topic: Guinea$35.08 billion (2020 est.)

$32.78 billion (2019 est.)

$31.03 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Guinea-Bissau$3.64 billion (2020 est.)

$3.73 billion (2019 est.)

$3.56 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Guyana$14.69 billion (2020 est.)

$10.24 billion (2019 est.)

$9.72 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Haiti$31.62 billion (2020 est.)

$32.72 billion (2019 est.)

$33.28 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Holy See (Vatican City)NANA

Topic: Honduras$50.89 billion (2020 est.)

$55.91 billion (2019 est.)

$54.46 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Hong Kong$420.13 billion (2020 est.)

$447.34 billion (2019 est.)

$454.98 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Hungary$302.32 billion (2020 est.)

$318.09 billion (2019 est.)

$303.98 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Iceland$19.16 billion (2020 est.)

$20.52 billion (2019 est.)

$20.01 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: India$8,443,360,000,000 (2020 est.)

$9,174,040,000,000 (2019 est.)

$8,817,670,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Indonesia$3,130,470,000,000 (2020 est.)

$3,196,620,000,000 (2019 est.)

$3,043,880,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Iran$1,044,310,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,027,240,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1.102 trillion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Iraq$372.27 billion (2020 est.)

$415.32 billion (2019 est.)

$397.64 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Ireland$447.97 billion (2020 est.)

$433.17 billion (2019 est.)

$410.33 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Isle of Man$6.792 billion (2015 est.)

$7.428 billion (2014 est.)

$6.298 billion (2013 est.)

note: data are in 2014 US dollars

Topic: Israel$353.39 billion (2020 est.)

$362.23 billion (2019 est.)

$350.15 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Italy$2,322,140,000,000 (2020 est.)

$2,548,190,000,000 (2019 est.)

$2,540,890,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Jamaica$25.89 billion (2020 est.)

$28.83 billion (2019 est.)

$28.57 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Japan$5,224,850,000,000 note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.)

$5,210,770,000,000 note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.)

$5,180,326,000,000 (2017 est.)

Topic: Jersey$5.569 billion (2016 est.)

$5.514 billion (2015 est.)

$4.98 billion (2014 est.)

note: data are in 2015 US dollars

Topic: Jordan$100.16 billion (2020 est.)

$101.74 billion (2019 est.)

$99.79 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Kazakhstan$475.18 billion (2020 est.)

$487.87 billion (2019 est.)

$466.86 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Kenya$226.94 billion (2020 est.)

$227.64 billion (2019 est.)

$216.05 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Kiribati$270 million (2020 est.)

$270 million (2019 est.)

$260 million (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Korea, North$40 billion (2015 est.)

$40 billion (2014 est.)

$40 billion (2013 est.)

note: data are in 2015 US dollars

North Korea does not publish reliable National Income Accounts data; the data shown are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP estimates that were made by Angus MADDISON in a study conducted for the OECD; his figure for 1999 was extrapolated to 2015 using estimated real growth rates for North Korea's GDP and an inflation factor based on the US GDP deflator; the results were rounded to the nearest $10 billion.

Topic: Korea, South$2,187,800,000,000 (2020 est.)

$2,208,960,000,000 (2019 est.)

$2,164,810,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Kosovo$19.13 billion (2020 est.)

$20.55 billion (2019 est.)

$19.58 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Kuwait$209.74 billion (2019 est.)

$208.85 billion (2018 est.)

$206.274 billion (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Kyrgyzstan$31.02 billion (2020 est.)

$33.95 billion (2019 est.)

$32.46 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Laos$56.79 billion (2020 est.)

$56.54 billion (2019 est.)

$53.62 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Latvia$56.92 billion (2020 est.)

$59.06 billion (2019 est.)

$57.88 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Lebanon$79.51 billion (2020 est.)

$99.76 billion (2019 est.)

$106.93 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Lesotho$4.88 billion (2020 est.)

$5.49 billion (2019 est.)

$5.51 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Liberia$6.85 billion (2020 est.)

$7.05 billion (2019 est.)

$7.21 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Libya$70.65 billion (2020 est.)

$102.84 billion (2019 est.)

$100.3 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Liechtenstein$4.978 billion (2014 est.)

$3.2 billion (2009 est.)

$3.216 billion (2008 est.)

Topic: Lithuania$102.66 billion (2020 est.)

$103.56 billion (2019 est.)

$99.25 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Luxembourg$69.72 billion (2020 est.)

$70.64 billion (2019 est.)

$69.06 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Macau$35.58 billion (2020 est.)

$81.44 billion (2019 est.)

$83.64 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Madagascar$41.82 billion (2020 est.)

$43.65 billion (2019 est.)

$41.81 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Malawi$28.44 billion (2020 est.)

$28.22 billion (2019 est.)

$26.69 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Malaysia$855.6 billion (2020 est.)

$906.24 billion (2019 est.)

$868.85 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Maldives$7.05 billion (2020 est.)

$10.37 billion (2019 est.)

$9.69 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Mali$44.89 billion (2020 est.)

$45.64 billion (2019 est.)

$43.57 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Malta$20.6 billion (2020 est.)

$22.15 billion (2019 est.)

$20.99 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Marshall Islands$240 million (2019 est.)

$220 million (2018 est.)

$219 million (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Mauritania$23.17 billion (2020 est.)

$23.52 billion (2019 est.)

$22.2 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Mauritius$24.64 billion (2020 est.)

$28.95 billion (2019 est.)

$28.1 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Mexico$2,306,320,000,000 (2020 est.)

$2,513,410,000,000 (2019 est.)

$2,514,780,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States of$390 million (2019 est.)

$390 million (2018 est.)

$389 million (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Moldova$32.26 billion (2020 est.)

$34.68 billion (2019 est.)

$33.48 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Monaco$7.672 billion (2015 est.)

$7.279 billion (2014 est.)

$6.79 billion (2013 est.)

note: data are in 2015 US dollars

Topic: Mongolia$37.6 billion (2020 est.)

$39.72 billion (2019 est.)

$37.77 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Montenegro$11.36 billion (2020 est.)

$13.39 billion (2019 est.)

$12.87 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Montserrat$167.4 million (2011 est.)

$155.9 million (2010 est.)

$162.7 million (2009 est.)

Topic: Morocco$259.42 billion (2020 est.)

$279.3 billion (2019 est.)

$272.53 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Mozambique$38.42 billion (2020 est.)

$38.91 billion (2019 est.)

$38.04 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Namibia$22.6 billion (2020 est.)

$24.56 billion (2019 est.)

$24.71 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Nauru$150 million (2019 est.)

$150 million (2018 est.)

$137 million (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Nepal$110.72 billion (2020 est.)

$113.08 billion (2019 est.)

$106.03 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Netherlands$945.48 billion (2020 est.)

$982.22 billion (2019 est.)

$966.02 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: New Caledonia$11.11 billion (2017 est.)

$10.89 billion (2016 est.)

$10.77 billion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2015 dollars

Topic: New Zealand$215.6 billion (2020 est.)

$213.5 billion (2019 est.)

$210.07 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Nicaragua$34.98 billion (2020 est.)

$35.68 billion (2019 est.)

$37.05 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Niger$28.97 billion (2020 est.)

$28.54 billion (2019 est.)

$26.95 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Nigeria$1,013,530,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,032,050,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,009,750,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Niue$10.01 million (2003 est.)

Topic: Norfolk IslandNANA

Topic: North Macedonia$33.02 billion (2020 est.)

$34.59 billion (2019 est.)

$33.52 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars; Macedonia has a large informal sector that may not be reflected in these data

Topic: Northern Mariana Islands$1.242 billion (2016 est.)

$933 million (2015 est.)

$845 million (2014 est.)

note: GDP estimate includes US subsidy; data are in 2013 dollars

Topic: Norway$342.06 billion (2020 est.)

$344.69 billion (2019 est.)

$341.78 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Oman$135.79 billion (2019 est.)

$136.92 billion (2018 est.)

$135.696 billion (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Pakistan$1,021,130,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,015,800,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,005,850,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
data are for fiscal years

Topic: Palau$320 million (2019 est.)

$330 million (2018 est.)

$317 million (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Panama$109.52 billion (2020 est.)

$133.47 billion (2019 est.)

$129.54 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Papua New Guinea$36.69 billion (2020 est.)

$38.17 billion (2019 est.)

$36.06 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Paraguay$87.98 billion (2020 est.)

$88.87 billion (2019 est.)

$89.23 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Peru$371.29 billion (2020 est.)

$417.88 billion (2019 est.)

$408.87 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Philippines$871.56 billion (2020 est.)

$963.83 billion (2019 est.)

$908.26 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Pitcairn IslandsNANA

Topic: Poland$1,223,460,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,257,440,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,202,820,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Portugal$331.64 billion (2020 est.)

$358.78 billion (2019 est.)

$350.07 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Puerto Rico$106.82 billion (2020 est.)

$111.16 billion (2019 est.)

$109.53 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Qatar$245.66 billion (2020 est.)

$255.01 billion (2019 est.)

$253.05 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Romania$556.07 billion (2020 est.)

$578.39 billion (2019 est.)

$555.47 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Russia$3,875,690,000,000 (2020 est.)

$3,993,550,000,000 (2019 est.)

$3,913,980,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Rwanda$27.18 billion (2020 est.)

$28.13 billion (2019 est.)

$25.7 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha$31.1 million (2009 est.)

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevis$1.24 billion (2020 est.)

$1.39 billion (2019 est.)

$1.36 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Saint Lucia$2.25 billion (2020 est.)

$2.82 billion (2019 est.)

$2.78 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Saint Martin$561.5 million (2005 est.)

Topic: Saint Pierre and Miquelon$261.3 million (2015 est.)

$215.3 million (2006 est.)

note: supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines$1.34 billion (2020 est.)

$1.38 billion (2019 est.)

$1.37 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Samoa$1.25 billion (2020 est.)

$1.28 billion (2019 est.)

$1.24 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: San Marino$2.06 billion (2019 est.)

$2.01 billion (2018 est.)

$1.982 billion (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Sao Tome and Principe$890 million (2020 est.)

$860 million (2019 est.)

$840 million (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Saudi Arabia$1,543,240,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,609,320,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,604,010,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Senegal$55.26 billion (2020 est.)

$54.78 billion (2019 est.)

$52.47 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Serbia$125.8 billion (2020 est.)

$127.04 billion (2019 est.)

$121.87 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Seychelles$2.4 billion (2020 est.)

$2.69 billion (2019 est.)

$2.65 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Sierra Leone$13.15 billion (2020 est.)

$13.44 billion (2019 est.)

$12.72 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Singapore$531.04 billion (2020 est.)

$561.3 billion (2019 est.)

$553.85 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Sint Maarten$1.44 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.)

$1.436 billion (2018 est.)

$1.538 billion (2017 est.)

Topic: Slovakia$165.57 billion (2020 est.)

$173.83 billion (2019 est.)

$169.57 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Slovenia$76.75 billion (2020 est.)

$81.25 billion (2019 est.)

$78.74 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Solomon Islands$1.71 billion (2020 est.)

$1.78 billion (2019 est.)

$1.76 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Somalia$13.19 billion (2020 est.)

$13.39 billion (2019 est.)

$13.01 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 US dollars

Topic: South Africa$680.04 billion (2020 est.)

$730.91 billion (2019 est.)

$729.8 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: South Sudan$20.01 billion (2017 est.)

$21.1 billion (2016 est.)

$24.52 billion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Spain$1,714,860,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,923,330,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,886,540,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Sri Lanka$274.8 billion (2020 est.)

$284.97 billion (2019 est.)

$278.68 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Sudan$176.4 billion (2020 est.)

$179.2 billion (2019 est.)

$181.61 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Suriname$9.46 billion (2020 est.)

$11.07 billion (2019 est.)

$10.95 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Sweden$524.75 billion (2020 est.)

$539.96 billion (2019 est.)

$532.67 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Switzerland$590.71 billion (2020 est.)

$608.16 billion (2019 est.)

$601.65 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Syria$50.28 billion (2015 est.)

$55.8 billion (2014 est.)

$61.9 billion (2013 est.)

note: data are in 2015 US dollars
the war-driven deterioration of the economy resulted in a disappearance of quality national level statistics in the 2012-13 period

Topic: Taiwan$1,143,277,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,113,126,000,000 (2018 est.)

$1,083,384,000,000 (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2010 dollars

Topic: Tajikistan$34.88 billion (2020 est.)

$33.38 billion (2019 est.)

$31.08 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Tanzania$152.79 billion (2020 est.)

$149.79 billion (2019 est.)

$141.59 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Thailand$1,206,620,000,000 (2020 est.)

$1,284,830,000,000 (2019 est.)

$1,256,360,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Timor-Leste$4.19 billion (2020 est.)

$4.59 billion (2019 est.)

$3.87 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Togo$17.45 billion (2020 est.)

$17.15 billion (2019 est.)

$16.26 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Tokelau$7,711,583 (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars.

Topic: Tonga$670 million (2019 est.)

$660 million (2018 est.)

$660 million (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Trinidad and Tobago$33.21 billion (2020 est.)

$36.03 billion (2019 est.)

$36.48 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Tunisia$114.97 billion (2020 est.)

$125.78 billion (2019 est.)

$124.48 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Turkey$2,393,960,000,000 (2020 est.)

$2,352,640,000,000 (2019 est.)

$2,331,270,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Turkmenistan$92.33 billion (2019 est.)

$86.86 billion (2018 est.)

$81.787 billion (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Turks and Caicos Islands$820 million (2020 est.)

$1.12 billion (2019 est.)

$1.06 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Tuvalu$50 million (2020 est.)

$50 million (2019 est.)

$50 million (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Uganda$99.61 billion (2020 est.)

$96.84 billion (2019 est.)

$90.67 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Ukraine$516.68 billion (2020 est.)

$538.33 billion (2019 est.)

$521.52 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: United Arab Emirates$655.79 billion (2019 est.)

$644.97 billion (2018 est.)

$637.384 billion (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: United Kingdom$2,797,980,000,000 (2020 est.)

$3,101,640,000,000 (2019 est.)

$3,059,690,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: United States$19,846,720,000,000 (2020 est.)

$20,563,590,000,000 (2019 est.)

$20,128,580,000,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Uruguay$75.06 billion (2020 est.)

$79.73 billion (2019 est.)

$79.45 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Uzbekistan$239.42 billion (2020 est.)

$235.54 billion (2019 est.)

$222.63 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Vanuatu$850 million (2020 est.)

$930 million (2019 est.)

$910 million (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Venezuela$269.068 billion (2018 est.)

$381.6 billion (2017 est.)

$334.751 billion (2017 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Vietnam$798.21 billion (2020 est.)

$775.67 billion (2019 est.)

$724.81 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Virgin Islands$3.872 billion (2016 est.)

$3.759 billion (2015 est.)

$3.622 billion (2014 est.)

note: data are in 2013 dollars

Topic: Wallis and Futuna$60 million (2004 est.)

Topic: West Bank$25.91 billion (2020 est.)

$29.26 billion (2019 est.)

$28.87 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars and includes Gaza Strip

Topic: World$127.8 trillion (2017 est.)

$123.3 trillion (2016 est.)

$119.5 trillion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Yemen$73.63 billion (2017 est.)

$78.28 billion (2016 est.)

$90.63 billion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Zambia$60.12 billion (2020 est.)

$61.99 billion (2019 est.)

$61.1 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

Topic: Zimbabwe$40.79 billion (2020 est.)

$44.34 billion (2019 est.)

$48.25 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars


Topic: Photos of Kosovo

Topic: Introduction
Background: The central Balkans were part of the Roman and Byzantine Empires before ethnic Serbs migrated to the territories of modern Kosovo in the 7th century. During the medieval period, Kosovo became the center of a Serbian Empire and saw the construction of many important Serb religious sites, including many architecturally significant Serbian Orthodox monasteries. The defeat of Serbian forces at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 led to five centuries of Ottoman rule during which large numbers of Turks and Albanians moved to Kosovo. By the end of the 19th century, Albanians replaced Serbs as the dominant ethnic group in Kosovo. Serbia reacquired control over the region from the Ottoman Empire during the First Balkan War of 1912. After World War II, Kosovo's present-day boundaries were established when Kosovo became an autonomous province of Serbia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (S.F.R.Y.). Despite legislative concessions, Albanian nationalism increased in the 1980s, which led to riots and calls for Kosovo's independence. The Serbs - many of whom viewed Kosovo as their cultural heartland - instituted a new constitution in 1989 revoking Kosovo's autonomous status. Kosovo's Albanian leaders responded in 1991 by organizing a referendum declaring Kosovo independent. Serbia undertook repressive measures against the Kosovar Albanians in the 1990s, provoking a Kosovar Albanian insurgency. Beginning in 1998, Serbia conducted a brutal counterinsurgency campaign that resulted in massacres and massive expulsions of ethnic Albanians (some 800,000 ethnic Albanians were forced from their homes in Kosovo). After international attempts to mediate the conflict failed, a three-month NATO military operation against Serbia beginning in March 1999 forced the Serbs to agree to withdraw their military and police forces from Kosovo. UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999) placed Kosovo under a transitional administration, the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), pending a determination of Kosovo's future status. A UN-led process began in late 2005 to determine Kosovo's final status. The 2006-07 negotiations ended without agreement between Belgrade and Pristina, though the UN issued a comprehensive report on Kosovo's final status that endorsed independence. On 17 February 2008, the Kosovo Assembly declared Kosovo independent. Since then, close to 100 countries have recognized Kosovo, and it has joined numerous international organizations. In October 2008, Serbia sought an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on the legality under international law of Kosovo's declaration of independence. The ICJ released the advisory opinion in July 2010 affirming that Kosovo's declaration of independence did not violate general principles of international law, UN Security Council Resolution 1244, or the Constitutive Framework. The opinion was closely tailored to Kosovo's unique history and circumstances. Demonstrating Kosovo’s development into a sovereign, multi-ethnic, democratic country the international community ended the period of Supervised Independence in 2012. Kosovo held its most recent national and municipal elections in 2021, ushering in a government led by the Self-Determination Movement's (VV) Albin KURTI, a former political prisoner who did not fight in the 1998-99 war. Serbia continues to reject Kosovo's independence, but the two countries agreed in April 2013 to normalize their relations through EU-facilitated talks, which produced several subsequent agreements the parties are implementing to varying degrees, though they have not yet reached a comprehensive normalization of relations. Kosovo has pursued bilateral recognitions and memberships in international organizations, moves that Serbia strongly opposes. Kosovo signed a Stabilization and Association Agreement with the EU in 2015, and the EU named Kosovo as among the six Western Balkan countries that will be able to join the organization once it meets the criteria to accede. Kosovo also seeks memberships in the UN and in NATO.The central Balkans were part of the Roman and Byzantine Empires before ethnic Serbs migrated to the territories of modern Kosovo in the 7th century. During the medieval period, Kosovo became the center of a Serbian Empire and saw the construction of many important Serb religious sites, including many architecturally significant Serbian Orthodox monasteries. The defeat of Serbian forces at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 led to five centuries of Ottoman rule during which large numbers of Turks and Albanians moved to Kosovo. By the end of the 19th century, Albanians replaced Serbs as the dominant ethnic group in Kosovo. Serbia reacquired control over the region from the Ottoman Empire during the First Balkan War of 1912. After World War II, Kosovo's present-day boundaries were established when Kosovo became an autonomous province of Serbia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (S.F.R.Y.). Despite legislative concessions, Albanian nationalism increased in the 1980s, which led to riots and calls for Kosovo's independence. The Serbs - many of whom viewed Kosovo as their cultural heartland - instituted a new constitution in 1989 revoking Kosovo's autonomous status. Kosovo's Albanian leaders responded in 1991 by organizing a referendum declaring Kosovo independent. Serbia undertook repressive measures against the Kosovar Albanians in the 1990s, provoking a Kosovar Albanian insurgency.Beginning in 1998, Serbia conducted a brutal counterinsurgency campaign that resulted in massacres and massive expulsions of ethnic Albanians (some 800,000 ethnic Albanians were forced from their homes in Kosovo). After international attempts to mediate the conflict failed, a three-month NATO military operation against Serbia beginning in March 1999 forced the Serbs to agree to withdraw their military and police forces from Kosovo. UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999) placed Kosovo under a transitional administration, the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), pending a determination of Kosovo's future status. A UN-led process began in late 2005 to determine Kosovo's final status. The 2006-07 negotiations ended without agreement between Belgrade and Pristina, though the UN issued a comprehensive report on Kosovo's final status that endorsed independence. On 17 February 2008, the Kosovo Assembly declared Kosovo independent. Since then, close to 100 countries have recognized Kosovo, and it has joined numerous international organizations. In October 2008, Serbia sought an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on the legality under international law of Kosovo's declaration of independence. The ICJ released the advisory opinion in July 2010 affirming that Kosovo's declaration of independence did not violate general principles of international law, UN Security Council Resolution 1244, or the Constitutive Framework. The opinion was closely tailored to Kosovo's unique history and circumstances.Demonstrating Kosovo’s development into a sovereign, multi-ethnic, democratic country the international community ended the period of Supervised Independence in 2012. Kosovo held its most recent national and municipal elections in 2021, ushering in a government led by the Self-Determination Movement's (VV) Albin KURTI, a former political prisoner who did not fight in the 1998-99 war. Serbia continues to reject Kosovo's independence, but the two countries agreed in April 2013 to normalize their relations through EU-facilitated talks, which produced several subsequent agreements the parties are implementing to varying degrees, though they have not yet reached a comprehensive normalization of relations. Kosovo has pursued bilateral recognitions and memberships in international organizations, moves that Serbia strongly opposes. Kosovo signed a Stabilization and Association Agreement with the EU in 2015, and the EU named Kosovo as among the six Western Balkan countries that will be able to join the organization once it meets the criteria to accede. Kosovo also seeks memberships in the UN and in NATO.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Southeast Europe, between Serbia and Macedonia
Geographic coordinates: 42 35 N, 21 00 E
Map references: Europe
Area: total: 10,887 sq km

land: 10,887 sq km

water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly larger than Delaware
Land boundaries: total: 714 km

border countries (4): Albania 112 km; North Macedonia 160 km; Montenegro 76 km; Serbia 366 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: influenced by continental air masses resulting in relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns; Mediterranean and alpine influences create regional variation; maximum rainfall between October and December
Terrain: flat fluvial basin at an elevation of 400-700 m above sea level surrounded by several high mountain ranges with elevations of 2,000 to 2,500 m
Elevation: highest point: Gjeravica/Deravica 2,656 m

lowest point: Drini i Bardhe/Beli Drim (located on the border with Albania) 297 m

mean elevation: 450 m
Natural resources: nickel, lead, zinc, magnesium, lignite, kaolin, chrome, bauxite
Land use: agricultural land: 52.8% (2018 est.)

arable land: 27.4% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 23.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 41.7% (2018 est.)

other: 5.5% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: NA
Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
Population distribution: population clusters exist throughout the country, the largest being in the east in and around the capital of Pristina
Geography - note: the 41-km long Nerodimka River divides into two branches each of which flows into a different sea: the northern branch flows into the Sitnica River, which via the Ibar, Morava, and Danube Rivers ultimately flows into the Black Sea; the southern branch flows via the Lepenac and Vardar Rivers into the Aegean Sea

Topic: People and Society
Population: 1,952,701 (2022 est.)
Nationality: noun: Kosovan

adjective: Kosovan

note: Kosovo, a neutral term, is sometimes also used as a noun or adjective as in Kosovo Albanian, Kosovo Serb, Kosovo minority, or Kosovo citizen
Ethnic groups: Albanians 92.9%, Bosniaks 1.6%, Serbs 1.5%, Turk 1.1%, Ashkali 0.9%, Egyptian 0.7%, Gorani 0.6%, Romani 0.5%, other/unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)

note: these estimates may under-represent Serb, Romani, and some other ethnic minorities because they are based on the 2011 Kosovo national census, which excluded northern Kosovo (a largely Serb-inhabited region) and was partially boycotted by Serb and Romani communities in southern Kosovo
Languages: Albanian (official) 94.5%, Bosnian 1.7%, Serbian (official) 1.6%, Turkish 1.1%, other 0.9% (includes Romani), unspecified 0.1%; note - in municipalities where a community's mother tongue is not one of Kosovo's official languages, the language of that community may be given official status according to the 2006 Law on the Use of Languages (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Libri i Fakteve Boterore, burimi vital per informacione elementare. (Albanian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions: Muslim 95.6%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, Orthodox 1.5%, other 0.1%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.6% (2011 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 24.07% (male 241,563/female 223,568)

15-24 years: 16.95% (male 170,566/female 157,063)

25-54 years: 42.56% (male 433,914/female 388,595)

55-64 years: 8.67% (male 85,840/female 81,782)

65 years and over: 7.75% (male 63,943/female 85,940) (2020 est.)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: NA

youth dependency ratio: NA

elderly dependency ratio: NA

potential support ratio: NA
Median age: total: 30.5 years

male: 30.2 years

female: 30.8 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.57% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 14.85 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 8.12 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: -1.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution: population clusters exist throughout the country, the largest being in the east in and around the capital of Pristina
Major urban areas - population: 216,870 PRISTINA (capital) (2019)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.08 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.08 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.11 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.6 male(s)/female

total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 27.12 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 28.74 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 25.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 71.12 years

male: 68.83 years

female: 73.58 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.9 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: NA
Drinking water source: improved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: NA

unimproved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: NA
Current Health Expenditure: NA
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: NA

unimproved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: NA
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: NA
Education expenditures: NA
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 49.7%

male: 45.9%

female: 57.6% (2020 est.)

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: air pollution (pollution from power plants and nearby lignite mines take a toll on people's health); water scarcity and pollution; land degradation
Air pollutants: carbon dioxide emissions: 8.94 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 0.54 megatons (2020 est.)
Climate: influenced by continental air masses resulting in relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns; Mediterranean and alpine influences create regional variation; maximum rainfall between October and December
Land use: agricultural land: 52.8% (2018 est.)

arable land: 27.4% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 23.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 41.7% (2018 est.)

other: 5.5% (2018 est.)
Revenue from forest resources: forest revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Revenue from coal: coal revenues: 0.31% of GDP (2018 est.)
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 319,000 tons (2015 est.)
Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Kosovo

conventional short form: Kosovo

local long form: Republika e Kosoves (Republika Kosovo)

local short form: Kosove (Kosovo)

etymology: name derives from the Serbian "kos" meaning "blackbird," an ellipsis (linguistic omission) for "kosove polje" or "field of the blackbirds"
Government type: parliamentary republic
Capital: name: Pristina (Prishtine, Prishtina)

geographic coordinates: 42 40 N, 21 10 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the name may derive from a Proto-Slavic word reconstructed as "pryshchina," meaning "spring (of water)"
Administrative divisions: 38 municipalities (komunat, singular - komuna (Albanian); opstine, singular - opstina (Serbian)); Decan (Decani), Dragash (Dragas), Ferizaj (Urosevac), Fushe Kosove (Kosovo Polje), Gjakove (Dakovica), Gjilan (Gnjilane), Gllogovc (Glogovac), Gracanice (Gracanica), Hani i Elezit (Deneral Jankovic), Istog (Istok), Junik, Kacanik, Kamenice (Kamenica), Kline (Klina), Kllokot (Klokot), Leposaviq (Leposavic), Lipjan (Lipljan), Malisheve (Malisevo), Mamushe (Mamusa), Mitrovice e Jugut (Juzna Mitrovica) [South Mitrovica], Mitrovice e Veriut (Severna Mitrovica) [North Mitrovica], Novoberde (Novo Brdo), Obiliq (Obilic), Partesh (Partes), Peje (Pec), Podujeve (Podujevo), Prishtine (Pristina), Prizren, Rahovec (Orahovac), Ranillug (Ranilug), Shterpce (Strpce), Shtime (Stimlje), Skenderaj (Srbica), Suhareke (Suva Reka), Viti (Vitina), Vushtrri (Vucitrn), Zubin Potok, Zvecan
Independence: 17 February 2008 (from Serbia)
National holiday: Independence Day, 17 February (2008)
Constitution: history: previous 1974, 1990; latest (postindependence) draft finalized 2 April 2008, signed 7 April 2008, ratified 9 April 2008, entered into force 15 June 2008; note - amendment 24, passed by the Assembly in August 2015, established the Kosovo Relocated Specialist Institution, referred to as the Kosovo Specialist Chamber or "Specialist Court," to try war crimes allegedly committed by members of the Kosovo Liberation Army in the late 1990s

amendments: proposed by the government, by the president of the republic, or by one fourth of Assembly deputies; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, including two-thirds majority vote of deputies representing non-majority communities, followed by a favorable Constitutional Court assessment; amended several times, last in 2020
Legal system: civil law system; note - the European Union Rule of Law Mission (EULEX) retained limited executive powers within the Kosovo judiciary for complex cases from 2008 to 2018
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Kosovo

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President Vjosa OSMANI-Sadriu (since 4 April 2021)

head of government: Prime Minister Albin KURTI (since 22 March 2021)

cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Assembly

elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly for a 5-year term; if a candidate does not attain a two-thirds threshold in the first two ballots, the candidate winning a simple majority vote in the third ballot is elected (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3-4 April 2021 (next to be held in 2026); prime minister indirectly elected by the Assembly

election results: Vjosa OSMANI-Sadriu elected president in the third ballot; Assembly vote - Vjosa OSMANI-Sadriu (Guxo!) 71 votes; Albin KURTI (VV) elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 67-30
Legislative branch: description: unicameral Assembly or Kuvendi i Kosoves/Skupstina Kosova (120 seats; 100 members directly elected by open-list proportional representation vote with 20 seats reserved for ethnic minorities - 10 for Serbs and 10 for other ethnic minorities; members serve 4-year terms)

elections: last held on 14 February 2021 (next to be held in 2025)

election results: percent of vote by party - VV 50%, PDK 16.9%, LDK 12.7%, AAK 7.1%, Serbian List 5.1%, other 8.2%; seats by party - VV 58, PDK 19, LDK 15, Serbian List 10, AAK 8, other 10; composition as of December 2021 - men 79, women 41, percent of women 34.2%
Judicial branch: highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 18 judges and organized into Appeals Panel of the Kosovo Property Agency and Special Chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)

judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the Kosovo Judicial Council, a 13-member independent body staffed by judges and lay members, and also responsible for overall administration of Kosovo's judicial system; judges appointed by the president of the Republic of Kosovo; judges appointed until mandatory retirement age; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the Kosovo Assembly and appointed by the president of the republic to serve single, 9-year terms

subordinate courts: Court of Appeals (organized into 4 departments: General, Serious Crime, Commercial Matters, and Administrative Matters); Basic Court (located in 7 municipalities, each with several branches)

note: in August 2015, the Kosovo Assembly approved a constitutional amendment that establishes the Kosovo Relocated Specialist Judicial Institution, also referred to as the Kosovo Specialist Chambers or "Special Court"; the court, located at the Hague in the Netherlands, began operating in late 2016 and has jurisdiction to try crimes against humanity, war crimes, and other crimes under Kosovo law that occurred in the 1998-2000 period
Political parties and leaders: Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [Ramush HARADINAJ]
Alternativa [Mimoza KUSARI-LILA]
Ashkali Party for Integration or PAI [Bekim ARIFI]
Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Lumir ABDIXHIKU]
Democratic Party of Kosovo or PDK [Memli KRASNIQI]
Guxo! [Donika GERVALLA-SCHWARZ]
Independent Liberal Party or SLS [Slobodan PETROVIC]
Initiative for Kosovo or NISMA [Fatmir LIMAJ]
New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo or IRDK [Elbert KRASNIQI]
New Democratic Party or NDS [Emilja REDXEPI]
New Kosovo Alliance or AKR [Behgjet PACOLLI]
Progressive Movement of Kosovar Roma or LPRK [Erxhan GALUSHI]
Romani Initiative [Gazmend SALIJEVCI]
Self-Determination Movement (Vetevendosje) or VV [Albin KURTI]
Serbian List or SL [Goran RAKIC]
Social Democratic Party of Kosovo or PSD [Shpend AHMETI]
Social Democratic Union [Duda BALJE]
Turkish Democratic Party of Kosovo or KDTP [Fikrim DAMKA]
Unique Gorani Party [Adem HODZA]
Vakat Coalition or VAKAT [Rasim DEMIRI]
International organization participation: IBRD, IDA, IFC, IMF, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OIF (observer)
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Valdet SADIKU (since 9 March 2021)

chancery: 2175 K Street NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20037

telephone: [1] (202) 450-2130

FAX: [1] (202) 735-0609

email address and website:
https://www.ambasada-ks.net/us/?page=2,1

consulate(s) general: New York

consulate(s): Des Moines (IA)
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Philip KOSNETT (since 3 December 2018)

embassy: Arberia/Dragodan, Rr.  4 KORRIKU Nr. 25, Pristina

mailing address: 9520 Pristina Place, Washington DC  20521-9520

telephone: [383] 38-59-59-3000

FAX: [383] 38-604-890

email address and website:
PristinaACS@state.gov

https://xk.usembassy.gov/
Flag description: centered on a dark blue field is a gold-colored silhouette of Kosovo surmounted by six white, five-pointed stars arrayed in a slight arc; each star represents one of the major ethnic groups of Kosovo: Albanians, Serbs, Turks, Gorani, Roma, and Bosniaks

note: one of only two national flags that uses a map as a design element; the flag of Cyprus is the other
National symbol(s): six, five-pointed, white stars; national colors: blue, gold, white
National anthem: name: Europe

lyrics/music: no lyrics/Mendi MENGJIQI

note: adopted 2008; Kosovo chose to exclude lyrics in its anthem so as not to offend the country's minority ethnic groups
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Medieval Monuments in Kosovo

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: Kosovo's economy has shown progress in transitioning to a market-based system and maintaining macroeconomic stability, but it is still highly dependent on the international community and the diaspora for financial and technical assistance. Remittances from the diaspora - located mainly in Germany, Switzerland, and the Nordic countries - are estimated to account for about 17% of GDP and international donor assistance accounts for approximately 10% of GDP. With international assistance, Kosovo has been able to privatize a majority of its state-owned enterprises.Kosovo's citizens are the second poorest in Europe, after Moldova, with a per capita GDP (PPP) of $10,400 in 2017. An unemployment rate of 33%, and a youth unemployment rate near 60%, in a country where the average age is 26, encourages emigration and fuels a significant informal, unreported economy. Most of Kosovo's population lives in rural towns outside of the capital, Pristina. Inefficient, near-subsistence farming is common - the result of small plots, limited mechanization, and a lack of technical expertise. Kosovo enjoys lower labor costs than the rest of the region. However, high levels of corruption, little contract enforcement, and unreliable electricity supply have discouraged potential investors. The official currency of Kosovo is the euro, but the Serbian dinar is also used illegally in Serb majority communities. Kosovo's tie to the euro has helped keep core inflation low.Minerals and metals production - including lignite, lead, zinc, nickel, chrome, aluminum, magnesium, and a wide variety of construction materials - once the backbone of industry, has declined because of aging equipment and insufficient investment, problems exacerbated by competing and unresolved ownership claims of Kosovo’s largest mines. A limited and unreliable electricity supply is a major impediment to economic development. The US Government is cooperating with the Ministry of Economic Development (MED) and the World Bank to conclude a commercial tender for the construction of Kosovo C, a new lignite-fired power plant that would leverage Kosovo’s large lignite reserves. MED also has plans for the rehabilitation of an older bituminous-fired power plant, Kosovo B, and the development of a coal mine that could supply both plants.In June 2009, Kosovo joined the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, the Central Europe Free Trade Area (CEFTA) in 2006, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 2012, and the Council of Europe Development Bank in 2013. In 2016, Kosovo implemented the Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) negotiations with the EU, focused on trade liberalization. In 2014, nearly 60% of customs duty-eligible imports into Kosovo were EU goods. In August 2015, as part of its EU-facilitated normalization process with Serbia, Kosovo signed agreements on telecommunications and energy distribution, but disagreements over who owns economic assets, such as the Trepca mining conglomerate, within Kosovo continue.Kosovo experienced its first federal budget deficit in 2012, when government expenditures climbed sharply. In May 2014, the government introduced a 25% salary increase for public sector employees and an equal increase in certain social benefits. Central revenues could not sustain these increases, and the government was forced to reduce its planned capital investments. The government, led by Prime Minister MUSTAFA - a trained economist - recently made several changes to its fiscal policy, expanding the list of duty-free imports, decreasing the Value Added Tax (VAT) for basic food items and public utilities, and increasing the VAT for all other goods.While Kosovo’s economy continued to make progress, unemployment has not been reduced, nor living standards raised, due to lack of economic reforms and investment.Kosovo's economy has shown progress in transitioning to a market-based system and maintaining macroeconomic stability, but it is still highly dependent on the international community and the diaspora for financial and technical assistance. Remittances from the diaspora - located mainly in Germany, Switzerland, and the Nordic countries - are estimated to account for about 17% of GDP and international donor assistance accounts for approximately 10% of GDP. With international assistance, Kosovo has been able to privatize a majority of its state-owned enterprises.Kosovo's citizens are the second poorest in Europe, after Moldova, with a per capita GDP (PPP) of $10,400 in 2017. An unemployment rate of 33%, and a youth unemployment rate near 60%, in a country where the average age is 26, encourages emigration and fuels a significant informal, unreported economy. Most of Kosovo's population lives in rural towns outside of the capital, Pristina. Inefficient, near-subsistence farming is common - the result of small plots, limited mechanization, and a lack of technical expertise. Kosovo enjoys lower labor costs than the rest of the region. However, high levels of corruption, little contract enforcement, and unreliable electricity supply have discouraged potential investors. The official currency of Kosovo is the euro, but the Serbian dinar is also used illegally in Serb majority communities. Kosovo's tie to the euro has helped keep core inflation low.Minerals and metals production - including lignite, lead, zinc, nickel, chrome, aluminum, magnesium, and a wide variety of construction materials - once the backbone of industry, has declined because of aging equipment and insufficient investment, problems exacerbated by competing and unresolved ownership claims of Kosovo’s largest mines. A limited and unreliable electricity supply is a major impediment to economic development. The US Government is cooperating with the Ministry of Economic Development (MED) and the World Bank to conclude a commercial tender for the construction of Kosovo C, a new lignite-fired power plant that would leverage Kosovo’s large lignite reserves. MED also has plans for the rehabilitation of an older bituminous-fired power plant, Kosovo B, and the development of a coal mine that could supply both plants.In June 2009, Kosovo joined the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, the Central Europe Free Trade Area (CEFTA) in 2006, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 2012, and the Council of Europe Development Bank in 2013. In 2016, Kosovo implemented the Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) negotiations with the EU, focused on trade liberalization. In 2014, nearly 60% of customs duty-eligible imports into Kosovo were EU goods. In August 2015, as part of its EU-facilitated normalization process with Serbia, Kosovo signed agreements on telecommunications and energy distribution, but disagreements over who owns economic assets, such as the Trepca mining conglomerate, within Kosovo continue.Kosovo experienced its first federal budget deficit in 2012, when government expenditures climbed sharply. In May 2014, the government introduced a 25% salary increase for public sector employees and an equal increase in certain social benefits. Central revenues could not sustain these increases, and the government was forced to reduce its planned capital investments. The government, led by Prime Minister MUSTAFA - a trained economist - recently made several changes to its fiscal policy, expanding the list of duty-free imports, decreasing the Value Added Tax (VAT) for basic food items and public utilities, and increasing the VAT for all other goods.While Kosovo’s economy continued to make progress, unemployment has not been reduced, nor living standards raised, due to lack of economic reforms and investment.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $19.13 billion (2020 est.)

$20.55 billion (2019 est.)

$19.58 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
Real GDP growth rate: 3.7% (2017 est.)

4.1% (2016 est.)

4.1% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $10,800 (2020 est.)

$11,500 (2019 est.)

$10,900 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): $7.926 billion (2019 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.6% (2019 est.)

1% (2018 est.)

1.4% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 11.9% (2017 est.)

industry: 17.7% (2017 est.)

services: 70.4% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 84.3% (2017 est.)

government consumption: 13.6% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 29% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories: 0% (2016 est.)

exports of goods and services: 27% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services: -53.8% (2017 est.)
Agricultural products: wheat, corn, berries, potatoes, peppers, fruit; dairy, livestock; fish
Industries: mineral mining, construction materials, base metals, leather, machinery, appliances, foodstuffs and beverages, textiles
Industrial production growth rate: 1.2% (2016 est.)
Labor force: 500,300 (2017 est.)

note: includes those estimated to be employed in the gray economy
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 4.4%

industry: 17.4%

services: 78.2% (2017 est.)
Unemployment rate: 30.5% (2017 est.)

27.5% (2016 est.)

note: Kosovo has a large informal sector that may not be reflected in these data
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 49.7%

male: 45.9%

female: 57.6% (2020 est.)
Population below poverty line: 17.6% (2015 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 29 (2017 est.)

24.1 (2014 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.8%

highest 10%: 22% (2015 est.)
Budget: revenues: 2.054 billion (2017 est.)

expenditures: 2.203 billion (2017 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -2.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Public debt: 21.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

19.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Taxes and other revenues: 29% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Current account balance: -$467 million (2017 est.)

-$533 million (2016 est.)
Exports: $1.69 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2020 est.)

$2.31 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2019 est.)

$2.28 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2018 est.)
Exports - partners: Albania 16%, India 14%, North Macedonia 12.1%, Serbia 10.6%, Switzerland 5.6%, Germany 5.4% (2017)
Exports - commodities: mining and processed metal products, scrap metals, leather products, machinery, appliances, prepared foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco, vegetable products, textiles and apparel
Imports: $4.19 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2020 est.)

$4.45 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2019 est.)

$4.5 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2018 est.)
Imports - partners: Germany 12.4%, Serbia 12.3%, Turkey 9.6%, China 9.1%, Italy 6.4%, North Macedonia 5.1%, Albania 5%, Greece 4.4% (2017)
Imports - commodities: foodstuffs, livestock, wood, petroleum, chemicals, machinery, minerals, textiles, stone, ceramic and glass products, electrical equipment
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $683.9 million (31 December 2016 est.)

$708.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)
Debt - external: $2.388 billion (2019 est.)

$2.409 billion (2018 est.)
Exchange rates: euros (EUR) per US dollar -

0.885 (2017 est.)

0.903 (2016 est.)

0.9214 (2015 est.)

0.885 (2014 est.)

0.7634 (2013 est.)

Topic: Energy
Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2020)
Electricity - production: 5.638 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - consumption: 3.957 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - exports: 885.7 million kWh (2017 est.)
Electricity - imports: 557 million kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - installed generating capacity: 1.573 million kW (2016 est.)
Electricity - from fossil fuels: 97% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Electricity - from nuclear fuels: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants: 3% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Electricity - from other renewable sources: 1% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Crude oil - production: 0 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Crude oil - exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil - imports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil - proved reserves: 0 bbl NA (2017 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - consumption: 14,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 192 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 14,040 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas - production: 0 cu m (2017 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: 0 cu m (2017 est.)
Natural gas - exports: 0 cu m (2017 est.)
Natural gas - imports: 0 cu m (2017 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves: 0 cu m NA (2017 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 117,317

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 6.11 (2019 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 620,186

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 32.3 (2019 est.)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: EU pre-accession process supported progress in the telecom industry with a regulatory framework, European standards, and a market of new players encouraging development; two operators dominate the sector; under-developed telecom infrastructure leads to low fixed-line penetration; little expansion of fiber networks for broadband; expansion of LTE services (2020)

domestic: fixed-line roughly 6 per 100 and mobile-cellular 32 per 100 persons (2019)

international: country code - 383

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
Internet country code: .xk

note: assigned as a temporary code under UN Security Council resolution 1244/99
Internet users: total: 1.76 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 83.89% (2019 est.)

Topic: Transportation
National air transport system: number of registered air carriers: 0 (2020)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: Z6
Airports: total: 6 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 3

2,438 to 3,047 m: 1

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

under 914 m: 1 (2021)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 3

under 914 m: 3 (2021)
Heliports: 2 (2021)
Railways: total: 333 km (2015)

standard gauge: 333 km 1.435-m gauge (2015)
Roadways: total: 2,012 km (2015)

paved: 1,921 km (includes 78 km of expressways) (2015)

unpaved: 91 km (2015)

Topic: Military and Security
Military and security forces: Kosovo Security Force (KSF): Land Force Command; Logistics Command; Doctrine and Training Command; National Guard Command (2021)
Military expenditures: 2% of GDP (2021 est.)

1.1% of GDP (2020 est.)

0.8% of GDP (approximately $160 million) (2019 est.)

0.8% of GDP (approximately $150 million) (2018 est.)

0.7% of GDP (approximately $130 million) (2017 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths: the Kosovo Security Force (KSF) has approximately 3,500 personnel; note - Kosovo plans for the KSF to eventually number around 5,000 troops (2021)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the KSF is equipped with small arms and light vehicles only; it relies on donations and since 2013 has received donated equipment from Turkey and the US (2021)
Military service age and obligation: service is voluntary; must be over the age of 18 and a citizen of Kosovo; upper age for enlisting is 30 for officers, 25 for other ranks, although these may be waived for recruits with key skills considered essential for the KSF
 (2021)
Military - note: the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR) has operated in the country as a peace support force since 1999; as of 2021, it numbered about 3,500 troops; KFOR also assists in developing the Kosovo Security Force

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: Serbia with several other states protest the US and other states' recognition of Kosovo's declaration of its status as a sovereign and independent state in February 2008; ethnic Serbian municipalities along Kosovo's northern border challenge final status of Kosovo-Serbia boundary; NATO-led Kosovo Force peacekeepers under UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo authority continue to ensure a safe and secure environment and freedom of movement for all Kosovo citizens; Kosovo and North Macedonia completed demarcation of their boundary in September 2008; Kosovo ratified the border demarcation agreement with Montenegro in March 2018, but the actual demarcation has not been completedSerbia with several other states protest the US and other states' recognition of Kosovo's declaration of its status as a sovereign and independent state in February 2008; ethnic Serbian municipalities along Kosovo's northern border challenge final status of Kosovo-Serbia boundary; NATO-led Kosovo Force peacekeepers under UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo authority continue to ensure a safe and secure environment and freedom of movement for all Kosovo citizens; Kosovo and North Macedonia completed demarcation of their boundary in September 2008; Kosovo ratified the border demarcation agreement with Montenegro in March 2018, but the actual demarcation has not been completed
Refugees and internally displaced persons: IDPs: 16,000 (primarily ethnic Serbs displaced during the 1998-1999 war fearing reprisals from the majority ethnic-Albanian population; a smaller number of ethnic Serbs, Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptians fled their homes in 2,004 as a result of violence) (2020)

note: 7,767 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-March 2022)


This entry provides a listing of the highest-valued exported commodities.

Topic: Afghanistangold, grapes, opium, fruits and nuts, insect resins, cotton, handwoven carpets, soapstone, scrap metal (2019)

Topic: Albanialeather footwear and parts, crude petroleum, iron alloys, clothing, electricity, perfumes (2019)

Topic: Algeriacrude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, fertilizers, ammonia (2019)

Topic: American Samoacanned tuna

Topic: Andorraintegrated circuits, medical supplies, essential oils, cars, tanned hides (2019)

Topic: Angolacrude petroleum, diamonds, natural gas, refined petroleum, ships (2019)

Topic: Anguillalobster, fish, livestock, salt, concrete blocks, rum

Topic: Antigua and Barbudaships, refined petroleum, precious/semi-precious metal scraps, rice, corn (2019)

Topic: Argentinasoybean products, corn, delivery trucks, wheat, frozen meat, gold (2019)

Topic: Armeniacopper ore, gold, tobacco, liquors, iron alloys (2019)

Topic: Arubarefined petroleum, liquors, scrap iron, soap, tobacco (2019)

Topic: Australiairon ore, coal, natural gas, gold, aluminum oxide (2019)

Topic: Austriacars, packaged medical supplies, vehicle parts, medical vaccines/cultures, flavored water (2019)

Topic: Azerbaijancrude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, tomatoes, gold (2019)

Topic: Bahamas, Theships, refined petroleum, nitrogen compounds, crustaceans, styrene polymers (2019)

Topic: Bahrainrefined petroleum, aluminum and plating, crude petroleum, iron ore, gold (2019)

Topic: Bangladeshclothing, knitwear, leather footwear (2019)

Topic: Barbadosrums and other hard liquor, ships, orthopedic appliances, cement, packaged medicines (2019)

Topic: Belarusrefined petroleum, fertilizers, cheese, delivery trucks, crude petroleum (2019)

Topic: Belgiumcars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, medical cultures/vaccines, diamonds, natural gas (2019)

Topic: Belizeraw sugar, bananas, fruit juice, fish products, crude petroleum (2019)

Topic: Benincotton, refined petroleum, gold, cashews, copper (2019)

Topic: Bermudare-exports of pharmaceuticals

Topic: Bhutaniron alloys, dolomite, refined iron, cement, silicon carbides (2019)

Topic: Bolivianatural gas, gold, zinc, soybean oil and soy products, tin, silver, lead (2019)

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovinaelectricity, seating, leather shoes, furniture, insulated wiring (2019)

Topic: Botswanadiamonds, insulated wiring, gold, beef, carbonates (2019)

Topic: Brazilsoybeans, crude petroleum, iron, corn, wood pulp products (2019)

Topic: British Virgin Islandsrecreational boats, aircraft, diamonds, paintings, precious stones (2019)

Topic: Bruneinatural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, industrial alcohols, industrial hydrocarbons (2019)

Topic: Bulgariarefined petroleum, packaged medicines, copper, wheat, electricity (2019)

Topic: Burkina Fasogold, cotton, zinc, cashews, sesame seeds (2019)

Topic: Burmanatural gas, clothing products, rice, copper, dried legumes (2019)

Topic: Burundigold, coffee, tea, raw earth metal ores, wheat flours (2019)

Topic: Cabo Verdeprocessed and frozen fish, mollusks, clothing, scrap iron (2019)

Topic: Cambodiaclothing, precious metal scraps, trunks/cases, gold, leather footwear (2019)

Topic: Camerooncrude petroleum, cocoa beans, lumber, gold, natural gas, bananas (2019)

Topic: Canadacrude petroleum, cars and vehicle parts, gold, refined petroleum, natural gas (2019)

Topic: Cayman Islandsrecreational boats, gold, broadcasting equipment, sulfates, collector's items (2019)

Topic: Central African Republiclumber, gold, diamonds, sea vessels, cocoa paste (2019)

Topic: Chadcrude petroleum, gold, livestock, sesame seeds, gum arabic, insect resins (2019)

Topic: Chilecopper, wood pulp, fish fillets, pitted fruits, wine (2019)

Topic: Chinabroadcasting equipment, computers, integrated circuits, office machinery and parts, telephones (2019)

Topic: Christmas Islandcalcium phosphates, fertilizers, valves, air pumps, industrial printers (2019)

Topic: Cocos (Keeling) Islandscomputers, packaged medicines, precious metal watches, office machinery/parts, chemical analysis instruments (2019)

Topic: Colombiacrude petroleum, coal, refined petroleum, coffee, gold (2019)

Topic: Comoroscloves, essential oils, vacuum flask, vanilla, scrap vessels (2019)

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of thecopper, cobalt, crude petroleum, diamonds (2019)

Topic: Congo, Republic of thecrude petroleum, copper, lumber, ships, refined petroleum (2019)

Topic: Cook Islandsfish products, recreational boats, precious metal scraps, fruit juice, chemical analysis instruments (2019)

Topic: Costa Ricamedical instruments, bananas, tropical fruits, orthopedic appliances, food preparations (2019)

Topic: Cote d'Ivoirecocoa beans, gold, rubber, refined petroleum, crude petroleum (2019)

Topic: Croatiarefined petroleum, packaged medicines, cars, medical cultures/vaccines, lumber (2019)

Topic: Cubacigars, raw sugar, nickel products, rum, zinc (2019)

Topic: Curacaogold, precious metal scraps, petroleum coke, frozen fish, coal tar oil (2019)

Topic: Cyprusships, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, cheese, crude petroleum (2019)

Topic: Czechiacars and vehicle parts, computers, broadcasting equipment, office machinery/parts, seating (2019)

Topic: Denmarkpackaged medicines, electric generators, pork, refined petroleum, medical cultures/vaccines (2019)

Topic: Djiboutivarious animals, chlorides, dried legumes, industrial fatty acids/oils, coffee, chickpeas (2019)

Topic: Dominicamedical instruments, pharmaceuticals, low-voltage protection equipment, tropical fruits, bandages (2019)

Topic: Dominican Republicgold, medical instruments, cigars, low-voltage protection equipment, bananas (2019)

Topic: Ecuadorcrude petroleum, crustaceans, bananas, fish, refined petroleum (2019)

Topic: Egyptcrude petroleum, refined petroleum, gold, natural gas, fertilizers (2019)

Topic: El Salvadortextiles and apparel, electrical capacitors, plastic lids, raw sugar, toilet paper (2019)

Topic: Equatorial Guineacrude petroleum, natural gas, industrial alcohols, lumber, veneer sheeting (2019)

Topic: Eritreagold and other minerals, livestock, sorghum, textiles, food, small industry manufactures

Topic: Estoniabroadcasting equipment, refined petroleum, coal tar oil, cars, prefabricated buildings (2019)

Topic: Eswatinisoft drink concentrates, sugar, timber, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus, and canned fruit

Topic: Ethiopiacoffee, sesame seeds, gold, cut flowers, zinc (2019)

Topic: European Unionmachinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, fuels, aircraft, plastics, iron and steel, wood pulp and paper products, alcoholic beverages, furniture

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)mollusks, fish, wool, sheep/goat meats, engine parts (2019)

Topic: Faroe Islandsfish and fish products (97%) (2017 est.)

Topic: Fijiwater, refined petroleum, fish, raw sugar, gold (2019)

Topic: Finlandrefined petroleum, paper and wood pulp products, cars, stainless steel, lumber (2019)

Topic: Franceaircraft, packaged medicines, cars and vehicle parts, gas turbines, wine (2019)

Topic: French Polynesiacultured pearls, coconut products, mother-of-pearl, vanilla, shark meat

Topic: Gaboncrude petroleum, manganese, lumber, veneer sheeting, refined petroleum (2019)

Topic: Gambia, Thelumber, cashews, refined petroleum, fish oil, ground nut oil (2019)

Topic: Gaza Stripstrawberries, carnations, vegetables, fish (small and irregular shipments, as permitted to transit the Israeli-controlled Kerem Shalom crossing)

Topic: Georgiacopper, cars, iron alloys, wine, packaged medicines (2019)

Topic: Germanycars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, aircraft, medical cultures/vaccines, industrial machinery (2019)

Topic: Ghanagold, crude petroleum, cocoa products, manganese, cashews (2019)

Topic: Gibraltarcars, ships, refined petroleum, fish, recreational boats (2019)

Topic: Greecerefined petroleum, packaged medicines, aluminum plating, computers, cotton (2019)

Topic: Greenlandfish, crustaceans, fishing ships (2019)

Topic: Grenadafish, nutmeg, cocoa beans, fruits, wheat, toilet paper (2019)

Topic: Guamscrap iron, electric batteries, gas turbines, scrap copper, beauty products (2019)

Topic: Guatemalabananas, raw sugar, coffee, cardamom, palm oil (2019)

Topic: Guernseytomatoes, flowers and ferns, sweet peppers, eggplant, other vegetables

Topic: Guineaaluminum, gold, bauxite, diamonds, fish, cashews (2019)

Topic: Guinea-Bissaucashews, gold, fish, lumber, aluminum ores (2019)

Topic: Guyanaships, gold, shipping containers, excavation machinery, aluminum ores, rice (2019)

Topic: Haiticlothing and apparel, eels, essential oils, perfumes, mangoes, cocoa beans (2019)

Topic: Hondurasclothing and apparel, coffee, insulated wiring, bananas, palm oil (2019)

Topic: Hong Konggold, broadcasting equipment, integrated circuits, diamonds, telephones (2019)

Topic: Hungarycars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, spark-ignition engines, video displays, broadcasting equipment (2019)

Topic: Icelandaluminum and aluminum products, fish products, aircraft, iron alloys, animal meal (2019)

Topic: Indiarefined petroleum, diamonds, packaged medicines, jewelry, cars (2019)

Topic: Indonesiacoal, palm oil, natural gas, cars, gold (2019)

Topic: Irancrude petroleum, polymers, industrial alcohols, iron, pistachios (2019)

Topic: Iraqcrude petroleum, refined petroleum, gold, dates, petroleum coke (2019)

Topic: Irelandmedical cultures/vaccines, nitrogen compounds, packaged medicines, integrated circuits, scented mixtures (2019)

Topic: Isle of Mantweeds, herring, processed shellfish, beef, lamb

Topic: Israeldiamonds, packaged medicines, medical instruments, integrated circuits, refined petroleum (2019)

Topic: Italypackaged medicines, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, valves, trunks/cases, wine (2019)

Topic: Jamaicabauxite, refined petroleum, aluminum, rum, fruits, nuts (2019)

Topic: Japancars and vehicle parts, integrated circuits, personal appliances, ships (2019)

Topic: Jerseylight industrial and electrical goods, dairy cattle, foodstuffs, textiles, flowers

Topic: Jordanfertilizers, calcium phosphates, packaged medicines, clothing and apparel, phosphoric acid (2019)

Topic: Kazakhstancrude petroleum, natural gas, copper, iron alloys, radioactive chemicals (2019)

Topic: Kenyatea, cut flowers, refined petroleum, coffee, titanium (2019)

Topic: Kiribatifish and fish produces, ships, coconut oil, copra (2019)

Topic: Korea, Northwatch components, fake hair, iron alloys, instructional models, tungsten (2019)

Topic: Korea, Southintegrated circuits, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, ships, office machinery (2019)

Topic: Kosovomining and processed metal products, scrap metals, leather products, machinery, appliances, prepared foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco, vegetable products, textiles and apparel

Topic: Kuwaitcrude petroleum, refined petroleum, aircraft, natural gas, industrial hydrocarbon products (2019)

Topic: Kyrgyzstangold, precious metals, various beans, refined petroleum, scrap copper (2019)

Topic: Laoselectricity, copper, rubber, gold, flavored water (2019)

Topic: Latvialumber, broadcasting equipment, whiskey and other hard liquors, wheat, packaged medicines (2019)

Topic: Lebanongold, jewelry, shotguns, diamonds, scrap copper (2019)

Topic: Lesothodiamonds, clothing and apparel, low-voltage protection equipment, wheat products, footwear (2019)

Topic: Liberiaships, iron, gold, rubber, crude petroleum (2019)

Topic: Libyacrude petroleum, natural gas, gold, refined petroleum, scrap iron (2019)

Topic: Liechtensteinsmall specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products

Topic: Lithuaniarefined petroleum, furniture, cigarettes, wheat, polyethylene (2019)

Topic: Luxembourgiron and iron products, tires, cars, broadcasting equipment, clothing and apparel  (2019)

Topic: Macaubroadcasting equipment, jewelry, watches, trunks/cases, telephones (2019)

Topic: Madagascarvanilla, nickel, gold, clothing and apparel, gemstones (2019)

Topic: Malawitobacco, tea, raw sugar, beans, soybean products, clothing and apparel (2019)

Topic: Malaysiaintegrated circuits, refined petroleum, natural gas, semiconductors, palm oil (2019)

Topic: Maldivesfish products, natural gas, scrap iron, jewelry, liquid pumps (2019)

Topic: Maligold, cotton, sesame seeds, lumber, vegetable oils/residues (2019)

Topic: Maltaintegrated circuits, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, children's toys and stuffed animals, postage stamps  (2019)

Topic: Marshall Islandsships, fish, recreational boats, broadcasting equipment, coal tar oil (2019)

Topic: Mauritaniairon ore, fish products, gold, mollusks, processed crustaceans (2019)

Topic: Mauritiusfish products, raw sugar, clothing and apparel, diamonds, refined petroleum (2019)

Topic: Mexicocars and vehicle parts, computers, delivery trucks, crude petroleum, insulated wiring (2019)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States offish and fish products, coral/shells, scrap metals, mollusks, office machinery/parts (2019)

Topic: Moldovainsulated wiring, sunflower seeds, wine, corn, seats (2019)

Topic: Monacojewelry, perfumes, watches, packaged medicines, plastic products (2019)

Topic: Mongoliacoal, copper, gold, iron, crude petroleum (2019)

Topic: Montenegroaluminum, packaged medicines, cars, zinc, wine (2019)

Topic: Montserratsand, iron products, seats, medical instruments, fish (2019)

Topic: Moroccocars, insulated wiring, fertilizers, phosphoric acid, clothing and apparel (2019)

Topic: Mozambiquecoal, aluminum, natural gas, tobacco, electricity, gold, lumber (2019)

Topic: Namibiacopper, diamonds, uranium, thorium, gold, radioactive chemicals, fish (2019)

Topic: Naurufish, calcium phosphates, low-voltage protection equipment, air conditioners, leather apparel (2019)

Topic: Nepalpalm oil, clothing and apparel, carpets, soybean oil, flavored water (2019)

Topic: Netherlandsrefined petroleum, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, photography equipment, computers (2019)

Topic: New Caledoniairon alloys, nickel, cobalt, carbonates, essential oils (2019)

Topic: New Zealanddairy products, sheep/goat meats, lumber, beef products, fresh fruits (2019)

Topic: Nicaraguaclothing and apparel, gold, insulated wiring, coffee, beef (2019)

Topic: Nigergold, sesame seeds, uranium, natural gas, refined petroleum (2019)

Topic: Nigeriacrude petroleum, natural gas, scrap vessels, flexible metal tubing, cocoa beans (2019)

Topic: Niuetanker ships, fruit juice, thermostats, textiles, measurement devices/appliances (2019)

Topic: Norfolk Islandsoybean meal, Norfolk Island pine seeds, Kentia palm seeds, activated carbon, centrifuges, pesticides, postage stamps (2019)

Topic: North Macedoniasupport catalysts, centrifuges, insulated wiring, vehicle parts, buses, seats (2019)

Topic: Northern Mariana Islandsscrap iron, scrap copper, scrap aluminum, computers, laboratory diagnostic equipment (2019)

Topic: Norwaycrude petroleum, natural gas, fish, refined petroleum, aluminum (2019)

Topic: Omancrude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, iron products, fertilizers (2019)

Topic: Pakistantextiles, clothing and apparel, rice, leather goods, surgical instruments (2019)

Topic: Palaufish, computers, broadcasting equipment, office machinery/parts, scrap vessels (2019)

Topic: Panamarefined petroleum, copper, bananas, ships, coal tar oil, packaged medicines (2019)

Topic: Papua New Guineanatural gas, gold, copper, lumber, crude petroleum, nickel, palm oil, fish, coffee (2019)

Topic: Paraguaysoybeans and soybean products, electricity, beef, corn, insulated wiring (2019)

Topic: Perucopper, gold, refined petroleum, zinc, fishmeal, tropical fruits, lead, iron, molybdenum (2019)

Topic: Philippinesintegrated circuits, office machinery/parts, insulated wiring, semiconductors, transformers (2019)

Topic: Pitcairn Islandsleather footwear, gas turbine parts, precious metal ores, clothing and apparel, beef (2019)

Topic: Polandcars and vehicle parts, seats, furniture, computers, video displays (2019)

Topic: Portugalcars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, leather footwear, paper products, tires (2019)

Topic: Puerto Ricopackaged medicines, medical cultures/vaccines, hormones, orthopedic and medical appliances, sulfur compounds (2019)

Topic: Qatarnatural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, ethylene polymers, fertilizers (2019)

Topic: Romaniacars and vehicle parts, insulated wiring, refined petroleum, electrical control boards, seats (2019)

Topic: Russiacrude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas, coal, wheat, iron (2019)

Topic: Rwandagold, refined petroleum, coffee, tea, tin (2019)

Topic: Saint Barthelemybeauty products, broadcasting equipment, sunflower seed oil, plastics, cars (2019)

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunhacrustaceans, fish, integrated circuits, air conditioners, clothing and apparel (2019)

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevislow-voltage protection equipment, broadcasting equipment, measuring instruments, electric motor parts, electrical transformers (2019)

Topic: Saint Luciacrude petroleum, beer, jewelry, bananas, refined petroleum, rum (2019)

Topic: Saint Martingold, special use vessels, furniture, scrap aluminum, rum (2019)

Topic: Saint Pierre and Miqueloncrustaceans, fish, medical instruments, electrical parts, pasta (2019)

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesnatural gas, drilling platforms and ships, recreational boats, collector's items, eddoes and dasheen (taro), arrowroot starch (2019)

Topic: Samoarefined petroleum, fish, fruit juice, coconut oil, beer (2019)

Topic: San Marinoindustrial washing/bottling machinery, packaged medicines, woodworking machinery, foodstuffs, aircraft (2019)

Topic: Sao Tome and Principegas turbines, cocoa beans, aircraft parts, iron products, chocolate (2019)

Topic: Saudi Arabiacrude petroleum, refined petroleum, polymers, industrial alcohols, natural gas (2019)

Topic: Senegalgold, refined petroleum, phosphoric acid, fish, ground nuts (2019)

Topic: Serbiainsulated wiring, tires, corn, cars, iron products, copper (2019)

Topic: Seychellesrefined petroleum, fish, recreational boats, cigarettes, animal meal (2019)

Topic: Sierra Leonetitanium, lumber, diamonds, aluminum, cocoa beans (2019)

Topic: Singaporeintegrated circuits, refined petroleum, gold, gas turbines, packaged medicines (2019)

Topic: Sint Maartensugar

Topic: Slovakiacars and vehicle parts, video displays, broadcasting equipment, tires, refined petroleum (2019)

Topic: Sloveniapackaged medicines, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, electrical lighting/signaling equipment, electricity (2019)

Topic: Solomon Islandslumber, fish, aluminum, palm oil, cocoa beans (2019)

Topic: Somaliagold, sheep, goats, sesame seeds, insect resins, cattle (2019)

Topic: South Africagold, platinum, cars, iron products, coal, manganese, diamonds  (2019)

Topic: South Sudancrude petroleum, gold, forage crops, lumber, insect resins (2019)

Topic: Spaincars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, delivery trucks, clothing and apparel (2019)

Topic: Sri Lankaclothing and apparel, tea, used tires, rubber products, precious stones, cinnamon (2019)

Topic: Sudangold, crude petroleum, sesame seeds, sheep, goats, cotton, ground nuts (2019)

Topic: Surinamegold, lumber, refined petroleum, fish, cigarettes (2019)

Topic: Swedencars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, lumber (2019)

Topic: Switzerlandgold, packaged medicines, medical cultures/vaccines, watches, jewelry (2019)

Topic: Syriaolive oil, cumin seeds, pistachios, tomatoes, apples, pears, spices, pitted fruits (2019)

Topic: Taiwanintegrated circuits, office machinery/parts, computers, refined petroleum, liquid crystal displays (2019)

Topic: Tajikistangold, aluminum, cotton, zinc, antimony, lead (2019)

Topic: Tanzaniagold, tobacco, cashews, sesame seeds, refined petroleum (2019)

Topic: Thailandoffice machinery/parts, cars and vehicle parts, integrated circuits, delivery trucks, gold (2019)

Topic: Timor-Lestecrude petroleum, natural gas, coffee, various vegetables, scrap iron (2019)

Topic: Togorefined petroleum, crude petroleum, electricity, calcium phosphates, cotton (2019)

Topic: Tokelauoscilloscopes, house linens, fruits, nuts, recreational boats, iron products (2019)

Topic: Tongasquash, fish, various fruits and nuts, antiques, coral and shells (2019)

Topic: Trinidad and Tobagonatural gas, industrial alcohols, crude petroleum, ammonia, iron products, refined petroleum (2019)

Topic: Tunisiainsulated wiring, clothing and apparel, crude petroleum, olive oil, vehicle parts (2019)

Topic: Turkeycars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, delivery trucks, jewelry, clothing and apparel (2019)

Topic: Turkmenistannatural gas, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, cotton fibers, fertilizers (2019)

Topic: Turks and Caicos Islandsplastic building materials, stone processing machinery, iron structures, crustaceans, integrated circuits (2019)

Topic: Tuvalufish, ships, coins, metal-clad products, electrical power accessories (2019)

Topic: Ugandagold, coffee, milk, fish and fish products, tobacco (2019)

Topic: Ukrainecorn, sunflower seed oils, iron and iron products, wheat, insulated wiring, rapeseed (2019)

Topic: United Arab Emiratescrude petroleum, refined petroleum, gold, jewelry, broadcasting equipment (2019)

Topic: United Kingdomcars, gas turbines, gold, crude petroleum, packaged medicines (2019)

Topic: United Statesrefined petroleum, crude petroleum, cars and vehicle parts, integrated circuits, aircraft (2019)

Topic: Uruguaysulfate wood pulp, beef, soybeans, concentrated milk, rice (2019)

Topic: Uzbekistangold, natural gas, cotton fibers, copper, ethylene polymers (2019)

Topic: Vanuatufish and fish products, tug boats, perfume plants, mollusks, cocoa beans (2019)

Topic: Venezuelacrude petroleum, refined petroleum, industrial alcohols, gold, iron (2019)

Topic: Vietnambroadcasting equipment, telephones, integrated circuits, footwear, furniture (2019)

Topic: Virgin Islandsrefined petroleum, jewelry, recreational boats, watches, rum (2019)

Topic: Wallis and Futunaintegrated circuits, jewelry, cars, aircraft parts, polyacetals (2019)

Topic: West Bankstone, olives, fruit, vegetables, limestone

Topic: Worldthe whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services

top ten - share of world trade: 14.8 electrical machinery, including computers; 14.4 mineral fuels, including oil, coal, gas, and refined products; 14.2 nuclear reactors, boilers, and parts; 8.9 cars, trucks, and buses; 3.5 scientific and precision instruments; 3.4 plastics; 2.7 iron and steel; 2.6 organic chemicals; 2.6 pharmaceutical products; 1.9 diamonds, pearls, and precious stones (2007 est.)

Topic: Yemencrude petroleum, gold, fish, industrial chemical liquids, scrap iron (2019)

Topic: Zambiacopper, gold, gemstones, sulfuric acid, raw sugar, tobacco (2019)

Topic: Zimbabwegold, tobacco, iron alloys, nickel, diamonds, jewelry (2019)