This entry provides a list of a country's most important agricultural products, listed by annual tonnage.

Topic: Afghanistanwheat, milk, grapes, vegetables, potatoes, watermelons, melons, rice, onions, apples

Topic: Albaniamilk, maize, tomatoes, potatoes, watermelons, wheat, grapes, cucumbers, onions, apples

Topic: Algeriapotatoes, wheat, milk, watermelons, barley, onions, tomatoes, oranges, dates, vegetables

Topic: American Samoabananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas; dairy products, livestock

Topic: Andorrasmall quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables, tobacco; sheep, cattle

Topic: Angolacassava, bananas, maize, sweet potatoes, pineapples, sugar cane, potatoes, citrus fruit, vegetables, cabbage

Topic: Anguillasmall quantities of tobacco, vegetables; cattle raising

Topic: Antigua and Barbudatropical fruit, milk, mangoes/guavas, melons, tomatoes, pineapples, lemons, limes, eggplants, onions

Topic: Argentinamaize, soybeans, wheat, sugar cane, milk, barley, sunflower seed, beef, grapes, potatoes

Topic: Armeniamilk, potatoes, grapes, vegetables, tomatoes, watermelons, wheat, apples, cabbages, barley

Topic: Arubaaloes; livestock; fish

Topic: Australiasugar cane, wheat, barley, milk, rapeseed, beef, cotton, grapes, poultry, potatoes

Topic: Austriamilk, maize, sugar beet, wheat, barley, potatoes, pork, triticale, grapes, apples

Topic: Azerbaijanmilk, wheat, potatoes, barley, tomatoes, watermelons, cotton, apples, maize, onions

Topic: Bahamas, Thesugar cane, grapefruit, vegetables, bananas, tomatoes, poultry, tropical fruit, oranges, coconuts, mangoes/guavas

Topic: Bahrainmutton, dates, milk, poultry, tomatoes, fruit, sheep offals, sheep skins, eggs, pumpkins

Topic: Bangladeshrice, potatoes, maize, sugar cane, milk, vegetables, onions, jute, mangoes/guavas, wheat

Topic: Barbadossugar cane, poultry, vegetables, milk, eggs, pork, coconuts, pulses, sweet potatoes, tropical fruit

Topic: Belarusmilk, potatoes, sugar beet, wheat, triticale, barley, maize, rye, rapeseed, poultry

Topic: Belgiumsugar beet, milk, potatoes, wheat, pork, lettuce, poultry, maize, barley, pears

Topic: Belizesugar care, oranges, bananas, maize, poultry, rice, sorghum, papayas, grapefruit, soybeans

Topic: Benincassava, yams, maize, cotton, oil palm fruit, rice, pineapples, tomatoes, vegetables, soybeans

Topic: Bermudabananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products, honey

Topic: Bhutanmilk, rice, maize, potatoes, roots/tubers, oranges, areca nuts, chillies/peppers, spices, ginger

Topic: Boliviasugar cane, soybeans, potatoes, maize, sorghum, rice, milk, plantains, poultry, bananas

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovinamaize, milk, vegetables, potatoes, wheat, plums/sloes, apples, barley, cabbages, poultry

Topic: Botswanamilk, roots/tubers, vegetables, sorghum, beef, game meat, watermelons, cabbages, goat milk, onions

Topic: Brazilsugar cane, soybeans, maize, milk, cassava, oranges, poultry, rice, beef, cotton

Topic: British Virgin Islandsfruits, vegetables; livestock, poultry; fish

Topic: Bruneipoultry, eggs, fruit, cassava, bananas, legumes, cucumbers, rice, pineapples, beef

Topic: Bulgariawheat, maize, sunflower seed, milk, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, grapes, tomatoes, watermelons

Topic: Burkina Fasosorghum, maize, millet, cotton, cow peas, sugar cane, groundnuts, rice, sesame seed, vegetables

Topic: Burmarice, sugar cane, beans, vegetables, milk, maize, poultry, groundnuts, fruit, plantains

Topic: Burundicassava, bananas, sweet potatoes, plantains, beans, vegetables, potatoes, cashew nuts, maize, taro

Topic: Cabo Verdesugar cane, tomatoes, bananas, cabbages, coconuts, cassava, pulses nes, vegetables, milk, goat milk

Topic: Cambodiacassava, rice, maize, vegetables, sugar cane, soybeans, rubber, oil palm fruit, bananas, pork

Topic: Camerooncassava, plantains, maize, oil palm fruit, taro, sugar cane, sorghum, tomatoes, bananas, vegetables

Topic: Canadawheat, rapeseed, maize, barley, milk, soybeans, potatoes, oats, peas, pork

Topic: Cayman Islandsvegetables, fruit; livestock; turtle farming

Topic: Central African Republiccassava, yams, groundnuts, taro, bananas, sugar cane, beef, maize, plantains, milk

Topic: Chadsorghum, groundnuts, millet, yams, cereals, sugar cane, beef, maize, cotton, cassava

Topic: Chilegrapes, apples, wheat, sugar beet, milk, potatoes, tomatoes, maize, poultry, pork

Topic: Chinamaize, rice, vegetables, wheat, sugar cane, potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes, watermelons, sweet potatoes

Topic: Christmas IslandNA

Topic: Cocos (Keeling) Islandsvegetables, bananas, pawpaws, coconuts

Topic: Colombiasugar cane, milk, oil palm fruit, potatoes, rice, bananas, cassava leaves, plantains, poultry, maize

Topic: Comoroscoconuts, cassava, rice, bananas, pulses nes, milk, taro, sweet potatoes, maize, cloves

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of thecassava, plantains, sugar cane, maize, oil palm fruit, rice, roots/tubers nes, bananas, sweet potatoes, groundnuts

Topic: Congo, Republic of thecassava, sugar cane, oil palm fruit, cassava leaves, bananas, plantains, roots/tubers, game meat, vegetables, mangoes/guavas

Topic: Cook Islandsvegetables, coconuts, roots/tubers, cassava, papayas, tomatoes, pork, fruit, sweet potatoes, mangoes/guavas

Topic: Costa Ricasugar cane, pineapples, bananas, milk, oil palm fruit, fruit, oranges, watermelons, cassava, rice

Topic: Cote d'Ivoireyams, cassava, cocoa, oil palm fruit, sugar cane, rice, plantains, maize, cashew nuts, rubber

Topic: Croatiamaize, wheat, sugar beet, milk, barley, soybeans, potatoes, pork, grapes, sunflower seed

Topic: Cubasugar cane, cassava, vegetables, plantains, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, milk, pumpkins, mangoes/guavas, rice

Topic: Curacaoaloe, sorghum, peanuts, vegetables, tropical fruit

Topic: Cyprusmilk, potatoes, pork, sheep milk, goat milk, barley, wheat, poultry, olives, tangerines/mandarins

Topic: Czechiawheat, sugar beet, milk, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, maize, pork, triticale, poultry

Topic: Denmarkmilk, wheat, barley, potatoes, sugar beet, pork, rye, rapeseed, oats, poultry

Topic: Djiboutivegetables, milk, beef, camel milk, lemons, limes, goat meat, mutton, beans, tomatoes

Topic: Dominicabananas, yams, grapefruit, taro, milk, coconuts, oranges, yautia, plantains, sugar cane

note: forest and fishery potential not exploited

Topic: Dominican Republicsugar cane, bananas, papayas, rice, plantains, milk, avocados, fruit, pineapples, coconuts

Topic: Ecuadorsugar cane, bananas, milk, oil palm fruit, maize, rice, plantains, poultry, cocoa, potatoes

Topic: Egyptsugar cane, sugar beet, wheat, maize, tomatoes, rice, potatoes, oranges, onions, milk

Topic: El Salvadorsugar cane, maize, milk, poultry, sorghum, beans, coconuts, eggs, apples, oranges

Topic: Equatorial Guineasweet potatoes, cassava, roots/tubers nes, plantains, oil palm fruit, bananas, coconuts, coffee, cocoa, eggs

Topic: Eritreasorghum, milk, vegetables, barley, cereals, pulses nes, roots/tubers nes, wheat, millet, beef

Topic: Estoniawheat, milk, barley, rapeseed, rye, oats, peas, potatoes, pork, triticale

Topic: Eswatinisugar cane, maize, roots/tubers nes, grapefruit, oranges, milk, beef, potatoes, vegetables, bananas

Topic: Ethiopiamaize, cereals, wheat, sorghum, milk, barley, sweet potatoes, roots/tubers nes, sugar cane, millet

Topic: European Unionwheat, barley, oilseeds, sugar beets, wine, grapes; dairy products, cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry; fish

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)fodder and vegetable crops; venison, sheep, dairy products; fish, squid

Topic: Faroe Islandspotatoes, mutton, sheep skins, sheep offals, beef, sheep fat, cattle offals, cattle hides, cattle fat

Topic: Fijisugar cane, cassava, taro, poultry, vegetables, coconuts, eggs, milk, ginger, sweet potatoes

Topic: Finlandmilk, barley, oats, wheat, potatoes, sugar beet, rye, pork, poultry, beef

Topic: Francewheat, sugar beet, milk, barley, maize, potatoes, grapes, rapeseed, pork, apples

Topic: French Polynesiacoconuts, fruit, roots/tubers nes, pineapples, cassava, sugar cane, eggs, tropical fruit, tomatoes

Topic: Gabonplantains, cassava, sugar cane, yams, taro, vegetables, maize, groundnuts, game meat, rubber

Topic: Gambia, Thegroundnuts, milk, oil palm fruit, millet, sorghum, rice, maize, vegetables, cassava, fruit

Topic: Gaza Striptomatoes, cucumbers, olives, poultry, milk, potatoes, sheep milk, eggplants, gourds

Topic: Georgiamilk, grapes, maize, potatoes, wheat, watermelons, tomatoes, tangerines/mandarins, barley, apples

Topic: Germanymilk, sugar beet, wheat, barley, potatoes, pork, maize, rye, rapeseed, triticale

Topic: Ghanacassava, yams, plantains, maize, oil palm fruit, taro, rice, cocoa, oranges, pineapples

Topic: Gibraltarnone

Topic: Greecemaize, olives, wheat, milk, peaches/nectarines, oranges, tomatoes, grapes, milk, potatoes

Topic: Greenlandsheep, cattle, reindeer, fish, shellfish

Topic: Grenadabananas, watermelons, sweet potatoes, sugar cane, tomatoes, plantains, coconuts, melons, cucumbers, cabbages

Topic: Guamfruits, copra, vegetables; eggs, pork, poultry, beef

Topic: Guatemalasugar cane, bananas, oil palm fruit, maize, melons, potatoes, milk, plantains, pineapples, rubber

Topic: Guernseytomatoes, greenhouse flowers, sweet peppers, eggplant, fruit; Guernsey cattle

Topic: Guinearice, cassava, groundnuts, maize, oil palm fruit, fonio, plantains, sugar cane, sweet potatoes, vegetables

Topic: Guinea-Bissaurice, cashew nuts, roots/tubers nes, oil palm fruit, plantains, cassava, groundnuts, vegetables, coconuts, fruit

Topic: Guyanarice, sugar cane, coconuts, pumpkins, squash, gourds, milk, eggplants, green chillies/peppers, poultry

Topic: Haitisugar cane, cassava, mangoes/guavas, plantains, bananas, yams, avocados, maize, rice, vegetables

Topic: Hondurassugarcane, oil palm fruit, milk, bananas, maize, coffee, melons, oranges, poultry, beans

Topic: Hong Kongpork, poultry, spinach, vegetables, pork offals, game meat, fruit, lettuce, green onions, pig fat

Topic: Hungarymaize, wheat, milk, sunflower seed, barley, rapeseed, sugar beet, apples, pork, grapes

Topic: Icelandmilk, mutton, poultry, potatoes, barley, pork, eggs, beef, other meat, sheep skins

Topic: Indiasugar cane, rice, wheat, buffalo milk, milk, potatoes, vegetables, bananas, maize, mangoes/guavas

Topic: Indonesiaoil palm fruit, rice, maize, sugar cane, coconuts, cassava, bananas, eggs, poultry, rubber

Topic: Iranwheat, sugar cane, milk, sugar beet, tomatoes, barley, potatoes, oranges, poultry, apples

Topic: Iraqwheat, barley, dates, tomatoes, rice, maize, grapes, potatoes, rice, watermelons

Topic: Irelandmilk, barley, beef, wheat, potatoes, pork, oats, poultry, mushrooms/truffles, mutton

Topic: Isle of Mancereals, vegetables; cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry

Topic: Israelmilk, potatoes, poultry, tomatoes, carrots, turnips, tangerines/mandarins, green chillies/peppers, eggs, vegetables

Topic: Italymilk, grapes, wheat, maize, tomatoes, apples, olives, sugar beet, oranges, rice

Topic: Jamaicasugar cane, goat milk, yams, poultry, coconuts, oranges, bananas, gourds, plantains, grapefruit

Topic: Japanrice, milk, sugar beet, vegetables, eggs, poultry, potatoes, cabbages, onions, pork

Topic: Jerseypotatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes; beef, dairy products

Topic: Jordantomatoes, poultry, olives, milk, potatoes, cucumbers, vegetables, watermelons, green chillies/peppers, peaches/nectarines

Topic: Kazakhstanwheat, milk, potatoes, barley, watermelons, melons, linseed, onions, maize, sunflower seed

Topic: Kenyasugar cane, milk, maize, potatoes, bananas, camel milk, cassava, sweet potatoes, mangoes/guavas, cabbages

Topic: Kiribaticoconuts, roots/tubers nes, bananas, vegetables, taro, tropical fruit, poultry, pork, nuts, eggs

Topic: Korea, Northrice, maize, vegetables, apples, potatoes, cabbages, fruit, sweet potatoes, beans, soybeans

Topic: Korea, Southrice, vegetables, cabbages, milk, onions, pork, poultry, eggs, tangerines/mandarins, potatoes

Topic: Kosovowheat, corn, berries, potatoes, peppers, fruit; dairy, livestock; fish

Topic: Kuwaiteggs, dates, tomatoes, cucumbers, poultry, milk, mutton, potatoes, vegetables, eggplants

Topic: Kyrgyzstanmilk, potatoes, sugar beet, maize, wheat, barley, tomatoes, watermelons, onions, carrots/turnips

Topic: Laosrice, roots/tubers nes, cassava, sugar cane, vegetables, bananas, maize, watermelons, coffee, taro

Topic: Latviawheat, milk, rapeseed, barley, oats, potatoes, rye, beans, pork, poultry

Topic: Lebanonpotatoes, milk, tomatoes, apples, oranges, olives, wheat, cucumbers, poultry, lemons

Topic: Lesothomilk, potatoes, maize, vegetables, fruit, beef, game meat, mutton, beans, wool

Topic: Liberiacassava, sugar cane, oil palm fruit, rice, bananas, vegetables, plantains, rubber, taro, maize

Topic: Libyapotatoes, watermelons, tomatoes, onions, dates, milk, olives, wheat, poultry, vegetables

Topic: Liechtensteinwheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products

Topic: Lithuaniawheat, milk, sugar beet, rapeseed, barley, triticale, potatoes, oats, peas, beans

Topic: Luxembourgmilk, wheat, barley, triticale, potatoes, pork, beef, grapes, rapeseed, oats

Topic: Macaupork, poultry, beef, pig fat, pig offals, eggs, pepper, cattle offals, cattle hides, goose/guinea fowl meat

Topic: Madagascarrice, sugar cane, cassava, sweet potatoes, milk, vegetables, bananas, mangoes/guavas, tropical fruit, potatoes

Topic: Malawisweet potatoes, cassava, sugar cane, maize, mangoes/guavas, potatoes, tomatoes, pigeon peas, bananas, plantains

Topic: Malaysiaoil palm fruit, rice, poultry, eggs, vegetables, rubber, coconuts, bananas, pineapples, pork

Topic: Maldivespapayas, vegetables, roots/tubers nes, nuts, fruit, other meat, tomatoes, coconuts, bananas, maize

Topic: Malimaize, rice, millet, sorghum, mangoes/guavas, cotton, watermelons, green onions/shallots, okra, sugar cane

Topic: Maltamilk, tomatoes, potatoes, onions, cauliflowers, broccoli, eggplants, pork, cabbages, poultry

Topic: Marshall Islandscoconuts

Topic: Mauritaniarice, milk, goat milk, sheep milk, sorghum, mutton, beef, camel milk, camel meat, dates

Topic: Mauritiussugar cane, poultry, pumpkins, gourds, potatoes, eggs, tomatoes, pineapples, bananas, fruit

Topic: Mexicosugar cane, maize, milk, oranges, sorghum, tomatoes, poultry, wheat, green chillies/peppers, eggs

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States ofcoconuts, cassava, vegetables, sweet potatoes, bananas, pork, plantains, fruit, eggs, beef

Topic: Moldovamaize, wheat, sunflower seed, grapes, apples, sugar beet, milk, potatoes, barley, plums/sloes

Topic: Monaconone

Topic: Mongoliamilk, wheat, goat milk, potatoes, mutton, sheep milk, beef, goat meat, horse meat, carrots/turnips

Topic: Montenegromilk, potatoes, grapes, vegetables, tomatoes, watermelons, wheat, apples, cabbages, barley

Topic: Montserratcabbages, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, peppers; livestock products

Topic: Moroccowheat, sugar beet, milk, potatoes, olives, tangerines/mandarins, tomatoes, oranges, barley, onions

Topic: Mozambiquesugar cane, cassava, maize, milk, bananas, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, rice, sorghum, potatoes

Topic: Namibiaroots/tubers nes, milk, maize, onions, beef, grapes, fruit, pulses nes, vegetables, millet

Topic: Naurucoconuts, tropical fruit, vegetables, pork, eggs, pig offals, pig fat, poultry, papayas, cabbages

Topic: Nepalrice, vegetables, sugar cane, potatoes, maize, wheat, buffalo milk, milk, fruit, mangoes/guavas

Topic: Netherlandsmilk, potatoes, sugar beet, pork, onions, wheat, poultry, tomatoes, carrots/turnips, beef

Topic: New Caledoniacoconuts, vegetables, maize, fruit, beef, pork, potatoes, bananas, eggs, yams

Topic: New Zealandmilk, beef, kiwi fruit, apples, potatoes, mutton, grapes, wheat, barley, green onions/shallots

Topic: Nicaraguasugar cane, milk, rice, maize, plantains, groundnuts, cassava, beans, coffee, poultry

Topic: Nigermillet, cow peas, sorghum, onions, milk, groundnuts, cassava, cabbages, goat milk, fruit

Topic: Nigeriacassava, yams, maize, oil palm fruit, rice, vegetables, sorghum, groundnuts, fruit, sweet potatoes

Topic: Niuecoconuts, taro, fruit, sweet potatoes, tropical fruit, yams, vegetables, lemons, limes, bananas

Topic: Norfolk IslandNorfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry

Topic: North Macedoniamilk, grapes, wheat, potatoes, green chillies/peppers, cabbages, tomatoes, maize, barley, watermelons

Topic: Northern Mariana Islandsvegetables and melons, fruits and nuts; ornamental plants; livestock, poultry, eggs; fish and aquaculture products

Topic: Norwaymilk, barley, wheat, potatoes, oats, pork, poultry, beef, eggs, rye

Topic: Omandates, tomatoes, vegetables, goat milk, milk, cucumbers, green chillies/peppers, watermelons, sorghum, melons

Topic: Pakistansugar cane, buffalo milk, wheat, milk, rice, maize, potatoes, cotton, fruit, mangoes/guavas

Topic: Palaucoconuts, cassava (manioc, tapioca), sweet potatoes; fish, pigs, chickens, eggs, bananas, papaya, breadfruit, calamansi, soursop, Polynesian chestnuts, Polynesian almonds, mangoes, taro, guava, beans, cucumbers, squash/pumpkins (various), eggplant, green onions, kangkong (watercress), cabbages (various), radishes, betel nuts, melons, peppers, noni, okra

Topic: Panamasugar cane, bananas, rice, poultry, milk, plantains, pineapples, maize, beef, pork

Topic: Papua New Guineaoil palm fruit, bananas, coconuts, fruit, sweet potatoes, game meat, yams, roots/tubers nes, vegetables, taro

Topic: Paraguaysoybeans, sugar cane, maize, cassava, wheat, rice, beef, milk, oranges, oil palm fruit

Topic: Perusugar cane, potatoes, rice, plantains, milk, poultry, maize, cassava, oil palm fruit, grapes

Topic: Philippinessugar cane, rice, coconuts, maize, bananas, vegetables, tropical fruit, plantains, pineapples, cassava

Topic: Pitcairn Islandshoney; wide variety of fruits and vegetables; goats, chickens; fish

Topic: Polandmilk, sugar beet, wheat, potatoes, triticale, maize, barley, apples, mixed grains, rye

Topic: Portugalmilk, tomatoes, olives, grapes, maize, potatoes, pork, apples, oranges, poultry

Topic: Puerto Ricomilk, plantains, bananas, poultry, tomatoes, mangoes/guavas, eggs, oranges, gourds, papayas

Topic: Qatartomatoes, dates, camel milk, sheep milk, goat milk, pumpkins/gourds, mutton, poultry, milk, eggplants

Topic: Romaniamaize, wheat, milk, sunflower seed, potatoes, barley, grapes, sugar beet, rapeseed, plums/sloes

Topic: Russiawheat, sugar beet, milk, potatoes, barley, sunflower seed, maize, poultry, oats, soybeans

Topic: Rwandabananas, sweet potatoes, cassava, potatoes, plantains, beans, maize, gourds, milk, taro

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunhacoffee, corn, potatoes, vegetables; fish, lobster; livestock; timber

Topic: Saint Kitts and Neviscoconuts, tropical fruit, roots/tubers, vegetables, sweet potatoes, pulses, watermelons, carrots/turnips, eggs, tomatoes

Topic: Saint Luciabananas, coconuts, fruit, tropical fruit, plantains, roots/tubers, cassava, poultry, vegetables, mangoes/guavas

Topic: Saint Pierre and Miquelonvegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesbananas, sugar cane, roots/tubers, plantains, vegetables, fruit, coconuts, sweet potatoes, yams, mangoes/guavas

Topic: Samoacoconuts, taro, bananas, yams, tropical fruit, pineapples, mangoes/guavas, papayas, roots/tubers nes, pork

Topic: San Marinowheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Topic: Sao Tome and Principeplantains, oil palm fruit, coconuts, taro, bananas, fruit, cocoa, yams, cassava, maize

Topic: Saudi Arabiamilk, dates, poultry, fruit, watermelons, barley, wheat, potatoes, eggs, tomatoes

Topic: Senegalgroundnuts, watermelons, rice, sugar cane, cassava, millet, maize, onions, sorghum, vegetables

Topic: Serbiamaize, wheat, sugar beet, milk, sunflower seed, potatoes, soybeans, plums/sloes, apples, barley

Topic: Seychellescoconuts, vegetables, bananas, fruit, eggs, poultry, tomatoes, pork, tropical fruit, cassava

Topic: Sierra Leonecassava, rice, vegetables, oil palm fruit, sweet potatoes, milk, citrus fruit, groundnuts, fruit, pulses nes

Topic: Singaporepoultry, eggs, vegetables, pork, duck meat, spinach, pig offals, bird eggs, pig fat, cabbages

Topic: Sint Maartensugar

Topic: Slovakiawheat, maize, sugar beet, milk, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, sunflower seed, soybeans, pork

Topic: Sloveniamilk, maize, wheat, grapes, barley, potatoes, poultry, apples, beef, pork

Topic: Solomon Islandsoil palm fruit, sweet potatoes, coconuts, taro, yams, fruit, pulses nes, vegetables, cocoa, cassava

Topic: Somaliacamel milk, milk, sheep milk, goat milk, sugar cane, fruit, sorghum, cassava, vegetables, maize

Topic: South Africasugar cane, maize, milk, potatoes, grapes, poultry, oranges, wheat, soybeans, beef

Topic: South Sudanmilk, sorghum, vegetables, cassava, goat milk, fruit, beef, sesame seed, sheep milk, mutton

Topic: Spainbarley, milk, wheat, olives, grapes, tomatoes, pork, maize, oranges, sugar beet

Topic: Sri Lankarice, coconuts, sugar cane, plantains, milk, tea, cassava, maize, poultry, coir

Topic: Sudansugar cane, sorghum, milk, groundnuts, onions, sesame seed, goat milk, millet, bananas, wheat

Topic: Surinamerice, sugar cane, bananas, oranges, vegetables, plantains, coconuts, poultry, cassava, eggs

Topic: Swedenwheat, milk, sugar beet, barley, potatoes, oats, rapeseed, pork, rye, triticale

Topic: Switzerlandmilk, sugar beet, wheat, potatoes, pork, barley, apples, maize, beef, grapes

Topic: Syriawheat, barley, milk, olives, tomatoes, oranges, potatoes, sheep milk, lemons, limes

Topic: Taiwanrice, vegetables, pork, cabbages, poultry, sugar cane, milk, eggs, pineapples, tropical fruit

Topic: Tajikistanmilk, potatoes, wheat, watermelons, onions, tomatoes, vegetables, cotton, carrots/turnips, beef

Topic: Tanzaniacassava, maize, sweet potatoes, sugar cane, rice, bananas, vegetables, milk, beans, sunflower seed

Topic: Thailandsugar cane, cassava, rice, oil palm fruit, rubber, maize, tropical fruit, poultry, pineapples, mangoes/guavas

Topic: Timor-Lesterice, maize, vegetables, coffee, roots/tubers nes, other meats, cassava, pork, beans, mangoes/guavas

Topic: Togocassava, maize, yams, sorghum, beans, oil palm fruit, rice, vegetables, cotton, groundnuts

Topic: Tokelaucoconuts, roots/tubers nes, tropical fruit, pork, bananas, eggs, poultry, pig offals, pig fat, fruit

Topic: Tongacoconuts, gourds, cassava, sweet potatoes, vegetables, yams, taro, roots/tubers nes, plantains, lemons/limes

Topic: Trinidad and Tobagopoultry, fruit, coconuts, citrus fruit, milk, plantains, maize, oranges, eggs, gourds

Topic: Tunisiawheat, milk, tomatoes, barley, olives, watermelons, green chillies/peppers, potatoes, dates, green onions/shallots

Topic: Turkeymilk, wheat, sugar beet, tomatoes, barley, maize, potatoes, grapes, watermelons, apples

Topic: Turkmenistanmilk, wheat, cotton, tomatoes, potatoes, watermelons, grapes, sugar beet, beef, rice

Topic: Turks and Caicos Islandscorn, beans, cassava (manioc, tapioca), citrus fruits; fish

Topic: Tuvalucoconuts, vegetables, tropical fruit, bananas, roots/tubers nes, pork, poultry, eggs, pig fat, pig offals

Topic: Ugandasugar cane, plantains, cassava, maize, sweet potatoes, milk, vegetables, beans, bananas, sorghum

Topic: Ukrainemaize, wheat, potatoes, sunflower seed, sugar beet, milk, barley, soybeans, rapeseed, tomatoes

Topic: United Arab Emiratesdates, cucumbers, tomatoes, goat meat, eggs, milk, poultry, carrots/turnips, goat milk, sheep milk

Topic: United Kingdomwheat, milk, barley, sugar beet, potatoes, rapeseed, poultry, oats, pork, beef

Topic: United Statesmaize, milk, soybeans, wheat, sugar cane, sugar beet, poultry, potatoes, cotton, pork

Topic: Uruguaysoybeans, milk, rice, maize, wheat, barley, beef, sugar cane, sorghum, oranges

Topic: Uzbekistanmilk, wheat, potatoes, carrots/turnips, cotton, tomatoes, vegetables, grapes, onions, watermelons

Topic: Vanuatucoconuts, roots/tubers nes, bananas, vegetables, pork, fruit, milk, beef, groundnuts, cocoa

Topic: Venezuelasugar cane, maize, milk, rice, plantains, bananas, pineapples, potatoes, beef, poultry

Topic: Vietnamrice, vegetables, sugar cane, cassava, maize, pork, fruit, bananas, coffee, coconuts

Topic: Virgin Islandsfruit, vegetables, sorghum; Senepol cattle

Topic: Wallis and Futunacoconuts, breadfruit, yams, taro, bananas; pigs, goats; fish

Topic: West Banktomatoes, cucumbers, olives, poultry, milk, potatoes, sheep milk, eggplants, gourds

Topic: Yemenmangoes/guavas, potatoes, sorghum, onions, milk, poultry, watermelons, grapes, oranges, bananas

Topic: Zambiasugar cane, cassava, maize, milk, vegetables, soybeans, beef, tobacco, wheat, groundnuts

Topic: Zimbabwesugar cane, maize, milk, tobacco, cassava, vegetables, bananas, beef, cotton, oranges


This entry is the country's total exports of refined petroleum products, in barrels per day (bbl/day).

Topic: Country Comparison Ranking

Topic: Afghanistan0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Albania3,250 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Algeria578,800 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: American Samoa0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Angola30,340 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Antigua and Barbuda91 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Argentina58,360 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Armenia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Aruba0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Australia64,120 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Austria49,960 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Azerbaijan46,480 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Bahamas, The0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Bahrain245,300 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Bangladesh901 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Barbados0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Belarus351,200 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Belgium680,800 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Belize0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Benin1,514 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Bermuda0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Bhutan0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Bolivia9,686 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovina4,603 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Botswana0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Brazil279,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: British Virgin Islands0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Brunei0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Bulgaria92,720 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Burkina Faso0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Burma0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Burundi0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Cabo Verde0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Cambodia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Cameroon8,545 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Canada1.115 million bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Cayman Islands0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Central African Republic0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Chad0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Chile7,359 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: China848,400 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Colombia56,900 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Comoros0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of the0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Congo, Republic of the5,766 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Cook Islands0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Costa Rica0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Cote d'Ivoire31,450 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Croatia40,530 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Cuba24,190 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Curacao167,500 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Cyprus500 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Czechia52,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Denmark133,700 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Djibouti403 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Dominica0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Dominican Republic0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Ecuador25,870 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Egypt47,360 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: El Salvador347 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Equatorial Guinea0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Eritrea0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Estonia27,150 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Eswatini0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Ethiopia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: European Union2.196 million bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Faroe Islands0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Fiji0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Finland166,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: France440,600 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: French Polynesia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Gabon4,662 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Gambia, The42 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Georgia2,052 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Germany494,000 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Ghana2,654 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Gibraltar0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Greece371,900 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Greenland0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Grenada0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Guam0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Guatemala10,810 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Guinea0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Guinea-Bissau0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Guyana0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Haiti0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Honduras12,870 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Hong Kong13,570 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Hungary58,720 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Iceland2,530 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: India1.305 million bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Indonesia79,930 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Iran397,200 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Iraq8,284 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Ireland37,040 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Israel111,700 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Italy615,900 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Jamaica823 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Japan370,900 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Jordan0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Kazakhstan105,900 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Kenya173 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Kiribati0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Korea, North0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Korea, South1.396 million bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Kosovo192 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Kuwait705,500 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Kyrgyzstan2,290 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Laos0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Latvia16,180 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Lebanon0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Lesotho0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Liberia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Libya16,880 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Lithuania174,800 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Luxembourg0 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Macau0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Madagascar0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Malawi0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Malaysia208,400 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Maldives0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Mali0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Malta10,400 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Marshall Islands0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Mauritania0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Mauritius0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Mexico155,800 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States of0 bbl/day

Topic: Moldova275 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Mongolia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Montenegro357 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Montserrat0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Morocco9,504 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Mozambique0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Namibia80 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Nauru0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Nepal0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Netherlands2.406 million bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: New Caledonia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: New Zealand1,782 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Nicaragua460 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Niger5,422 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Nigeria2,332 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Niue0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: North Macedonia3,065 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Norway432,800 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Oman33,700 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Pakistan25,510 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Panama66 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Papua New Guinea0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Paraguay0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Peru62,640 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Philippines26,710 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Poland104,800 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Portugal143,500 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Puerto Rico18,420 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Qatar485,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Romania103,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Russia2.671 million bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Rwanda0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevis0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Saint Lucia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Saint Pierre and Miquelon0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Samoa0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Sao Tome and Principe0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Saudi Arabia1.784 million bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Senegal4,063 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Serbia15,750 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Seychelles0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Sierra Leone0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Singapore1.82 million bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Sint Maarten0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Slovakia81,100 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Slovenia29,350 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Solomon Islands0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Somalia0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: South Africa105,600 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: South Sudan0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Spain562,400 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Sri Lanka3,871 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Sudan8,541 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Suriname14,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Svalbard4,488 bbl/day (2012 est.)

Topic: Sweden371,100 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Switzerland7,345 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Syria12,520 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Taiwan349,600 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Tajikistan0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Tanzania0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Thailand278,300 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Timor-Leste0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Togo0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Tonga0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Trinidad and Tobago106,100 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Tunisia13,660 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Turkey141,600 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Turkmenistan53,780 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Turks and Caicos Islands0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Tuvalu0 bbl/day

Topic: Uganda0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Ukraine1,828 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: United Arab Emirates817,700 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: United Kingdom613,800 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: United States5.218 million bbl/day (2017 est.)

Topic: Uruguay0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Uzbekistan3,977 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Vanuatu0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Venezuela325,800 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Vietnam25,620 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Virgin Islands3,285 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: West Bank19 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: World29.66 million bbl/day (2014 est.)

Topic: Yemen12,670 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Zambia371 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Topic: Zimbabwe0 bbl/day (2015 est.)


Topic: Photos of Uruguay

Topic: Introduction
Background: Montevideo, founded by the Spanish in 1726 as a military stronghold, soon became an important commercial center due to its natural harbor. Claimed by Argentina but annexed by Brazil in 1821, Uruguay declared its independence in 1825 and secured its freedom in 1828 after a three-year struggle. The administrations of President Jose BATLLE in the early 20th century launched widespread political, social, and economic reforms that established a statist tradition. A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement named the Tupamaros (or Movimiento de Liberación Nacional-Tupamaros (MLN-T)), launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to cede control of the government to the military in 1973. By year-end, the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold over the government. Civilian rule was restored in 1985. In 2004, the left-of-center Frente Amplio Coalition won national elections that effectively ended 170 years of political control previously held by the Colorado and National (Blanco) parties. The left-of-center retained the presidency and control of both chambers of congress until 2019. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent.Montevideo, founded by the Spanish in 1726 as a military stronghold, soon became an important commercial center due to its natural harbor. Claimed by Argentina but annexed by Brazil in 1821, Uruguay declared its independence in 1825 and secured its freedom in 1828 after a three-year struggle. The administrations of President Jose BATLLE in the early 20th century launched widespread political, social, and economic reforms that established a statist tradition. A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement named the Tupamaros (or Movimiento de Liberación Nacional-Tupamaros (MLN-T)), launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to cede control of the government to the military in 1973. By year-end, the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold over the government. Civilian rule was restored in 1985. In 2004, the left-of-center Frente Amplio Coalition won national elections that effectively ended 170 years of political control previously held by the Colorado and National (Blanco) parties. The left-of-center retained the presidency and control of both chambers of congress until 2019. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil
Geographic coordinates: 33 00 S, 56 00 W
Map references: South America
Area: total: 176,215 sq km

land: 175,015 sq km

water: 1,200 sq km
Area - comparative: about the size of Virginia and West Virginia combined; slightly smaller than the state of Washington
Land boundaries: total: 1,591 km

border countries (2): Argentina 541 km; Brazil 1,050 km
Coastline: 660 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or the edge of continental margin
Climate: warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown
Terrain: mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland
Elevation: highest point: Cerro Catedral 514 m

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

mean elevation: 109 m
Natural resources: arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fish
Land use: agricultural land: 87.2% (2018 est.)

arable land: 10.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 76.9% (2018 est.)

forest: 10.2% (2018 est.)

other: 2.6% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 2,380 sq km (2012)
Major lakes (area sq km): Salt water lake(s): Lagoa Mirim (shared with Brazil) - 2,970 sq km
Major rivers (by length in km): Rio de la Plata/Parana river mouth (shared with Brazil [s], Argentina, Paraguay) - 4,880 km; Uruguay river mouth (shared with Brazil [s] and Argentina) - 1,610 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major aquifers: Guarani Aquifer System
Population distribution: most of the country's population resides in the southern half of the country; approximately 80% of the populace is urban, living in towns or cities; nearly half of the population lives in and around the capital of Montevideo
Natural hazards: seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind that blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts
Geography - note: second-smallest South American country (after Suriname); most of the low-lying landscape (three-quarters of the country) is grassland, ideal for cattle and sheep raising
Map description: Uruguay map showing major population centers as well as parts of neighboring countries and the South Atlantic Ocean.Uruguay map showing major population centers as well as parts of neighboring countries and the South Atlantic Ocean.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 3,407,213 (2022 est.)
Nationality: noun: Uruguayan(s)

adjective: Uruguayan
Ethnic groups: White 87.7%, Black 4.6%, Indigenous 2.4%, other 0.3%, none or unspecified 5% (2011 est.)

note: data represent primary ethnic identity
Languages: Spanish (official)

major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions: Roman Catholic 42%, Protestant 15%, other 6%, agnostic 3%, atheist 10%, unspecified 24% (2014 est.)
Demographic profile: Uruguay rates high for most development indicators and is known for its secularism, liberal social laws, and well-developed social security, health, and educational systems. It is one of the few countries in Latin America and the Caribbean where the entire population has access to clean water. Uruguay's provision of free primary through university education has contributed to the country's high levels of literacy and educational attainment. However, the emigration of human capital has diminished the state's return on its investment in education. Remittances from the roughly 18% of Uruguayans abroad amount to less than 1 percent of national GDP. The emigration of young adults and a low birth rate are causing Uruguay's population to age rapidly.In the 1960s, Uruguayans for the first time emigrated en masse - primarily to Argentina and Brazil - because of economic decline and the onset of more than a decade of military dictatorship. Economic crises in the early 1980s and 2002 also triggered waves of emigration, but since 2002 more than 70% of Uruguayan emigrants have selected the US and Spain as destinations because of better job prospects. Uruguay had a tiny population upon its independence in 1828 and welcomed thousands of predominantly Italian and Spanish immigrants, but the country has not experienced large influxes of new arrivals since the aftermath of World War II. More recent immigrants include Peruvians and Arabs.Uruguay rates high for most development indicators and is known for its secularism, liberal social laws, and well-developed social security, health, and educational systems. It is one of the few countries in Latin America and the Caribbean where the entire population has access to clean water. Uruguay's provision of free primary through university education has contributed to the country's high levels of literacy and educational attainment. However, the emigration of human capital has diminished the state's return on its investment in education. Remittances from the roughly 18% of Uruguayans abroad amount to less than 1 percent of national GDP. The emigration of young adults and a low birth rate are causing Uruguay's population to age rapidly.In the 1960s, Uruguayans for the first time emigrated en masse - primarily to Argentina and Brazil - because of economic decline and the onset of more than a decade of military dictatorship. Economic crises in the early 1980s and 2002 also triggered waves of emigration, but since 2002 more than 70% of Uruguayan emigrants have selected the US and Spain as destinations because of better job prospects. Uruguay had a tiny population upon its independence in 1828 and welcomed thousands of predominantly Italian and Spanish immigrants, but the country has not experienced large influxes of new arrivals since the aftermath of World War II. More recent immigrants include Peruvians and Arabs.
Age structure: 0-14 years: 19.51% (male 336,336/female 324,563)

15-24 years: 15.14% (male 259,904/female 252,945)

25-54 years: 39.86% (male 670,295/female 679,850)

55-64 years: 10.79% (male 172,313/female 193,045)

65 years and over: 14.71% (2020 est.) (male 200,516/female 297,838)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 54.9

youth dependency ratio: 31.5

elderly dependency ratio: 23.4

potential support ratio: 4.3 (2020 est.)
Median age: total: 35.5 years

male: 33.8 years

female: 37.3 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.27% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 12.71 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 9.18 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution: most of the country's population resides in the southern half of the country; approximately 80% of the populace is urban, living in towns or cities; nearly half of the population lives in and around the capital of Montevideo
Urbanization: urban population: 95.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population: 1.767 million MONTEVIDEO (capital) (2022)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.55 male(s)/female

total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio: 17 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 8.31 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 9.46 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 7.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 78.43 years

male: 75.32 years

female: 81.64 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.76 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: 79.6% (2015)

note: percent of women aged 15-44
Drinking water source: improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
Current Health Expenditure: 9.4% (2019)
Physicians density: 5.08 physicians/1,000 population (2017)
Hospital bed density: 2.4 beds/1,000 population (2017)
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: 99.2% of population

rural: 99.6% of population

total: 99.2% of population

unimproved: urban: 0.8% of population

rural: 0.4% of population

total: 0.8% of population (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.4% (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 12,000 (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: (2020 est.) <200
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 27.9% (2016)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 1.8% (2018)
Education expenditures: 4.7% of GDP (2019)
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98.8%

male: 98.5%

female: 99% (2019)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 19 years

male: 17 years

female: 20 years (2019)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 33.5%

male: 29.4%

female: 38.8% (2020 est.)

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; heavy metal pollution; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal; deforestation
Environment - international agreements: party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation
Air pollutants: particulate matter emissions: 8.63 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 6.77 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 25.59 megatons (2020 est.)
Climate: warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown
Land use: agricultural land: 87.2% (2018 est.)

arable land: 10.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 76.9% (2018 est.)

forest: 10.2% (2018 est.)

other: 2.6% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 95.7% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Revenue from forest resources: forest revenues: 1.56% of GDP (2018 est.)
Revenue from coal: coal revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 1,260,140 tons (2012 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually: 100,811 tons (2011 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 8% (2011 est.)
Major lakes (area sq km): Salt water lake(s): Lagoa Mirim (shared with Brazil) - 2,970 sq km
Major rivers (by length in km): Rio de la Plata/Parana river mouth (shared with Brazil [s], Argentina, Paraguay) - 4,880 km; Uruguay river mouth (shared with Brazil [s] and Argentina) - 1,610 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major aquifers: Guarani Aquifer System
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 410 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

industrial: 80 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

agricultural: 3.17 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 172.2 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: Oriental Republic of Uruguay

conventional short form: Uruguay

local long form: Republica Oriental del Uruguay

local short form: Uruguay

former: Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province

etymology: name derives from the Spanish pronunciation of the Guarani Indian designation of the Uruguay River, which makes up the western border of the country and whose name later came to be applied to the entire country
Government type: presidential republic
Capital: name: Montevideo

geographic coordinates: 34 51 S, 56 10 W

time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the name "Montevidi" was originally applied to the hill that overlooked the bay upon which the city of Montevideo was founded; the earliest meaning may have been "[the place where we] saw the hill"
Administrative divisions: 19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres
Independence: 25 August 1825 (from Brazil)
National holiday: Independence Day, 25 August (1825)
Constitution: history: several previous; latest approved by plebiscite 27 November 1966, effective 15 February 1967, reinstated in 1985 at the conclusion of military rule

amendments: initiated by public petition of at least 10% of qualified voters, proposed by agreement of at least two fifths of the General Assembly membership, or by existing "constitutional laws" sanctioned by at least two thirds of the membership in both houses of the Assembly; proposals can also be submitted by senators, representatives, or by the executive power and require the formation of and approval in a national constituent convention; final passage by either method requires approval by absolute majority of votes cast in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2004
Legal system: civil law system based on the Spanish civil code
International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: yes

citizenship by descent only: yes

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 3-5 years
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Executive branch: chief of state: President Luis Alberto LACALLE POU (since 1 March 2020); Vice President Beatriz ARGIMON Cedeira (since 1 March 2020); the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Luis Alberto LACALLE POU (since 1 March 2020); Vice President Beatriz ARGIMON Cedeira (since 1 March 2020)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of the General Assembly

elections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for nonconsecutive terms); election last held on 27 October 2019 with a runoff election on 24 November 2019 (next to be held in October 2024, and a runoff if needed in November 2024)

election results:
2019: Luis Alberto LACALLE POU elected president - results of the first round of presidential elections: percent of vote - Daniel MARTINEZ (FA) 40.7%, Luis Alberto LACALLE POU (Blanco) 29.7%, Ernesto TALVI (Colorado Party) 12.8%, and Guido MANINI RIOS (Open Cabildo) 11.3%, other 5.5%; results of the second round: percent of vote - Luis Alberto LACALLE POU (Blanco) 50.6%, Daniel MARTINEZ (FA) 49.4%

2014: Tabare VAZQUEZ elected president in second round; percent of vote - Tabare VAZQUEZ (Socialist Party) 56.5%, Luis Alberto LACALLE Pou (Blanco) 43.4%
Legislative branch: description: bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of:
Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (30 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; the vice-president serves as the presiding ex-officio member; elected members serve 5-year terms)
Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method; members serve 5-year terms)

elections:
Chamber of Senators - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2024)
Chamber of Representatives - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2024)

election results:
Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 13, National Party 10, Colorado Party 4, Open Cabildo 3; composition - men 21, women 9, percent of women 30%

Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 42, National Party 30, Colorado Party 13, Open Cabildo 11, Independent Party 1, other 2; composition - men 75, women 24, percent of women 24.2%; note - total General Assembly percent of women 25.6%
Judicial branch: highest courts: Supreme Court of Justice (consists of 5 judges)

judge selection and term of office: judges nominated by the president and appointed by two-thirds vote in joint conference of the General Assembly; judges serve 10-year terms, with reelection possible after a lapse of 5 years following the previous term

subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; District Courts (Juzgados Letrados); Peace Courts (Juzgados de Paz); Rural Courts (Juzgados Rurales)
Political parties and leaders: Broad Front or FA (Frente Amplio) [Fernando PEREIRA] - (a broad governing coalition that comprises 34 factions including Uruguay Assembly [Danilo ASTORI], Progressive Alliance [Rodolfo NIN NOVOA], New Space [Rafael MICHELINI], Socialist Party [Gonzalo CIVILA], Vertiente Artiguista [Enrique RUBIO], Christian Democratic Party [Jorge RODRIGUEZ], For the People’s Victory [Luis PUIG], Popular Participation Movement (MPP) [Jose MUJICA], Big House [Constanza MOREIRA], Communist Party [Juan CASTILLO], The Federal League [Sergio LIER], Fuerza Renovadora [Mario BERGARA],
Colorado Party (including Batllistas [Julio Maria SANGUINETTI], and Ciudadanos [Adrian Pena])
Independent Party [Pablo MIERES]
National Party or Blanco (including Todos (Everyone) [Luis LACALLE POU] and National Alliance [Carlos CAMY])
Popular Unity [Gonzalo ABELLA]
Open Cabildo [Guido MANINI RIOS]
International organization participation: CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS, OIF (observer), OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Andres Augusto DURAN HAREAU (since 23 December 2020)

chancery: 1913 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20006

telephone: [1] (202) 331-1313

FAX: [1] (202) 331-8142

email address and website:
urueeuu@mrree.gub.uy

consulate(s) general: Miami, New York, San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jennifer SAVAGE (since 20 January 2021)

embassy: Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo 11200

mailing address: 3360 Montevideo Place, Washington DC  20521-3360

telephone: (+598) 1770-2000

FAX: [+598] 1770-2128

email address and website:
MontevideoACS@state.gov

https://uy.usembassy.gov/
Flag description: nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face (delineated in black) known as the Sun of May with 16 rays that alternate between triangular and wavy; the stripes represent the nine original departments of Uruguay; the sun symbol evokes the legend of the sun breaking through the clouds on 25 May 1810 as independence was first declared from Spain (Uruguay subsequently won its independence from Brazil); the sun features are said to represent those of Inti, the Inca god of the sun

note: the banner was inspired by the national colors of Argentina and by the design of the US flag
National symbol(s): Sun of May (a sun-with-face symbol); national colors: blue, white, yellow
National anthem: name: "Himno Nacional" (National Anthem of Uruguay)

lyrics/music: Francisco Esteban ACUNA de Figueroa/Francisco Jose DEBALI

note: adopted 1848; the anthem is also known as "Orientales, la Patria o la tumba!" ("Uruguayans, the Fatherland or Death!"); it is the world's longest national anthem in terms of music (105 bars; almost five minutes); generally only the first verse and chorus are sung
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 3 (all cultural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Historic City of Colonia del Sacramento, Fray Bentos Industrial Landscape, The work of engineer Eladio Dieste: Church of Atlántida

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: Uruguay has a free market economy characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. Uruguay has sought to expand trade within the Common Market of the South (Mercosur) and with non-Mercosur members, and President VAZQUEZ has maintained his predecessor's mix of pro-market policies and a strong social safety net.

 Following financial difficulties in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Uruguay's economic growth averaged 8% annually during the 2004-08 period. The 2008-09 global financial crisis put a brake on Uruguay's vigorous growth, which decelerated to 2.6% in 2009. Nevertheless, the country avoided a recession and kept growth rates positive, mainly through higher public expenditure and investment; GDP growth reached 8.9% in 2010 but slowed markedly in the 2012-16 period as a result of a renewed slowdown in the global economy and in Uruguay's main trade partners and Mercosur counterparts, Argentina and Brazil. Reforms in those countries should give Uruguay an economic boost. Growth picked up in 2017.Uruguay has a free market economy characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. Uruguay has sought to expand trade within the Common Market of the South (Mercosur) and with non-Mercosur members, and President VAZQUEZ has maintained his predecessor's mix of pro-market policies and a strong social safety net.

Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $75.06 billion (2020 est.)

$79.73 billion (2019 est.)

$79.45 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
Real GDP growth rate: 2.7% (2017 est.)

1.7% (2016 est.)

0.4% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $21,600 (2020 est.)

$23,000 (2019 est.)

$23,000 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): $56.108 billion (2019 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7.8% (2019 est.)

7.5% (2018 est.)

6.2% (2017 est.)
Credit ratings: Fitch rating: BBB- (2013)

Moody's rating: Baa2 (2014)

Standard & Poors rating: BBB (2015)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 6.2% (2017 est.)

industry: 24.1% (2017 est.)

services: 69.7% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 66.8% (2017 est.)

government consumption: 14.3% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 16.7% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories: -1% (2017 est.)

exports of goods and services: 21.6% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services: -18.4% (2017 est.)
Agricultural products: soybeans, milk, rice, maize, wheat, barley, beef, sugar cane, sorghum, oranges
Industries: food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages
Industrial production growth rate: -3.6% (2017 est.)
Labor force: 1.748 million (2017 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 13%

industry: 14%

services: 73% (2010 est.)
Unemployment rate: 7.6% (2017 est.)

7.9% (2016 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 33.5%

male: 29.4%

female: 38.8% (2020 est.)
Population below poverty line: 8.8% (2019 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 39.7 (2018 est.)

41.9 (2013)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 1.9%

highest 10%: 30.8% (2014 est.)
Budget: revenues: 17.66 billion (2017 est.)

expenditures: 19.72 billion (2017 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Public debt: 65.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

61.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions.
Taxes and other revenues: 29.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Current account balance: $879 million (2017 est.)

$410 million (2016 est.)
Exports: $13.55 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$16.99 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$17.04 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners: China 29%, Brazil 12%, United States 5%, Netherlands 5%, Argentina 5% (2019)
Exports - commodities: sulfate wood pulp, beef, soybeans, concentrated milk, rice (2019)
Imports: $11.29 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$13.31 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$13.82 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners: Brazil 25%, China 15%, United States 11%, Argentina 11% (2019)
Imports - commodities: crude petroleum, packaged medicines, cars, broadcasting equipment, delivery trucks (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $15.96 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$13.47 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Debt - external: $43.705 billion (2019 est.)

$42.861 billion (2018 est.)
Exchange rates: Uruguayan pesos (UYU) per US dollar -

42.645 (2020 est.)

37.735 (2019 est.)

32.2 (2018 est.)

27.52 (2014 est.)

23.25 (2013 est.)

Topic: Energy
Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2020)
Electricity - production: 13.13 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - consumption: 10.77 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - exports: 1.321 billion kWh (2015 est.)
Electricity - imports: 24 million kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - installed generating capacity: 4.808 million kW (2016 est.)
Electricity - from fossil fuels: 29% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Electricity - from nuclear fuels: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants: 29% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Electricity - from other renewable sources: 42% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Crude oil - production: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Crude oil - exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil - imports: 40,200 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil - proved reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 42,220 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - consumption: 53,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 9,591 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas - production: 0 cu m (2017 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: 70.79 million cu m (2017 est.)
Natural gas - exports: 0 cu m (2017 est.)
Natural gas - imports: 70.79 million cu m (2017 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves: 0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 1,224,600 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2020 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 4,779,790 (2019)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 138.08 (2019)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: Uruguay has an advanced telecom market, with excellent infrastructure and one of the highest broadband penetration rates in Latin America; fully digitized; high computer use and fixed-line/mobile penetrations; deployment of fiber infrastructure will encourage economic growth and stimulate e-commerce; state-owned monopoly on fixed-line market and dominance of mobile market; nationwide 3G coverage and LTE networks; limited 5G commercial reach; strong focus on fiber infrastructure with high percentage of residential fixed-broadband connections and near total business connections; importer of broadcasting equipment from China (2020)

domestic: most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; nationwide microwave radio relay network; overall fixed-line roughly 34 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity 138 per 100 persons (2019)

international: country code - 598; landing points for the Unisor, Tannat, and Bicentenario submarine cable system providing direct connectivity to Brazil and Argentina; Bicentenario 2012 and Tannat 2017 cables helped end-users with Internet bandwidth; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2020)

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
Broadcast media: mixture of privately owned and state-run broadcast media; more than 100 commercial radio stations and about 20 TV channels; cable TV is available; many community radio and TV stations; adopted the hybrid Japanese/Brazilian HDTV standard (ISDB-T) in December 2010 (2019)
Internet country code: .uy
Internet users: total: 2,987,405 (2020 est.)

percent of population: 86% (2020 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 1,063,701 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2020 est.)

Topic: Transportation
National air transport system: number of registered air carriers: 2 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 5
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: CX
Airports: total: 133 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 11

over 3,047 m: 1

1,524 to 2,437 m: 4

914 to 1,523 m: 4

under 914 m: 2 (2021)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 122

1,524 to 2,437 m: 3

914 to 1,523 m: 40

under 914 m: 79 (2021)
Pipelines: 257 km gas, 160 km oil (2013)
Railways: total: 1,673 km (2016) (operational; government claims overall length is 2,961 km)

standard gauge: 1,673 km (2016) 1.435-m gauge
Roadways: total: 77,732 km (2010)

paved: 7,743 km (2010)

unpaved: 69,989 km (2010)
Waterways: 1,600 km (2011)
Merchant marine: total: 61

by type: container ship 1, general cargo 4, oil tanker 4, other 52 (2021)
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Montevideo

Topic: Military and Security
Military and security forces: Armed Forces of Uruguay (Fuerzas Armadas del Uruguay): National Army (Ejercito Nacional), National Navy (Armada Nacional, includes Coast Guard (Prefectura Nacional Naval)), Uruguayan Air Force (Fuerza Aerea); Guardia Nacional Republicana (paramilitary regiment of the National Police) (2022)
Military expenditures: 2.3% of GDP (2021 est.)

2% of GDP (2020 est.)

2.1% of GDP (2019 est.) (approximately $1.47 billion)

2.1% of GDP (2018 est.) (approximately $1.51 billion)

2% of GDP (2017 est.) (approximately $1.38 billion)
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 22,000 active personnel (14,000 Army; 5,000 Navy; 3,000 Air Force) (2021)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the inventory of the Armed Forces of Uruguay includes a wide variety of older or second-hand equipment; since 2010, it has imported limited amounts of military hardware from about 10 countries with Spain as the leading supplier (2021)
Military service age and obligation: 18-30 years of age (18-22 years of age for Navy) for male or female voluntary military service; up to 40 years of age for specialists; enlistment is voluntary in peacetime, but the government has the authority to conscript in emergencies (2021)

note - as of 2017, women comprised about 19% of the active military
Military deployments: 830 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 210 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (Feb 2022)
Military - note: as of 2021, the military had some domestic responsibilities, including perimeter security for a number of prisons and border security; in 2020, the military deployed more than 1,000 troops to assist the National Police in securing the land border with Brazil and the riverine border with Argentina as part of a border control law passed in 2018  as of 2021, the military had some domestic responsibilities, including perimeter security for a number of prisons and border security; in 2020, the military deployed more than 1,000 troops to assist the National Police in securing the land border with Brazil and the riverine border with Argentina as part of a border control law passed in 2018

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: in 2010, the ICJ ruled in favor of Uruguay's operation of two paper mills on the Uruguay River, which forms the border with Argentina; the two countries formed a joint pollution monitoring regime; uncontested boundary dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; smuggling of firearms and narcotics continues to be an issue along the Uruguay-Brazil borderin 2010, the ICJ ruled in favor of Uruguay's operation of two paper mills on the Uruguay River, which forms the border with Argentina; the two countries formed a joint pollution monitoring regime; uncontested boundary dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; smuggling of firearms and narcotics continues to be an issue along the Uruguay-Brazil border
Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 19,000 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum or have received alternative legal stay) (2022)

stateless persons: 5 (mid-year 2021)
Illicit drugs: transit country for drugs mainly bound for Europe, often through sea-borne containers; limited law enforcement corruption; money laundering; weak border control along Brazilian frontier; increasing consumption of cocaine base and synthetic drugs


US State Dept Travel Advisory: The US Department of State currently recommends US citizens DO NOT TRAVEL to Bulgaria due to COVID-19. Consult its website via the link below for updates to travel advisories and statements on safety, security, local laws and special circumstances in this country.

https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html
Passport/Visa Requirements: US citizens should make sure their passport will not expire for at least 6 months after they enter the country even if they do not intend to stay that long. They should also make sure they have at least 2 blank pages in their passport for any entry stamp. A visa is not required as long as you do not stay in the country more than 90 days.
US Embassy/Consulate: [359] (2) 937-5100; US Embassy in Sofia, 16, Kozyak Street, Sofia 1408, Bulgaria; https://bg.usembassy.gov/; acs_sofia@state.gov
Telephone Code: 359
Local Emergency Phone: Ambulance: 150; Fire: 160; Police: 166
Vaccinations: See WHO recommendations

http://www.who.int/
Climate: Temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers
Currency (Code): Leva (BGN)
Electricity/Voltage/Plug Type(s): 230 V / 50 Hz / plug types(s): C, F

Major Languages: Bulgarian, Turkish, Romani
Major Religions: Eastern Orthodox 59.4%, Muslim 7.8%
Time Difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time);
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March, ends last Sunday in October
Potable Water: Opt for bottled water
International Driving Permit: Suggested
Road Driving Side: Right
Tourist Destinations: Rila Monastery; Pirin National Park; Plovdiv Roman Theater; Sunny Beach; Tsarevets Fortress; Baba Vida Fortress; Belogradchik Fortress; Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari, ancient city of Nessebar
Major Sports: Soccer, skiing, basketball
Cultural Practices: Unlike in most other countries, a vertical shaking of the head indicates "no" in Bulgaria while a sideways shaking indicates "yes."
Tipping Guidelines: At restaurants, typically leave 10% of the total bill for a tip. Tip porters 50 levas per bag and hotel housekeepers 1.50 levas per day. It is common to tip taxi drivers 10% of the fare. Tour guides should also be tipped 5-10% of the total bill.Please visit the following links to find further information about your desired destination.

World Health Organization (WHO) - To learn what vaccines and health precautions to take while visiting your destination.

US State Dept Travel Information - Overall information about foreign travel for US citizens.

To obtain an international driving permit (IDP). Only two organizations in the US issue IDPs:
American Automobile Association (AAA) and American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA)

How to get help in an emergency?
Contact the nearest US embassy or consulate, or call one of these numbers:
from the US or Canada - 1-888-407-4747 or from Overseas - +1 202-501-4444

Page last updated: Tuesday, March 22, 2022