This entry identifies the beginning and ending months for a country's accounting period of 12 months, which often is the calendar year but which may begin in any month. All yearly references are for the calendar year (CY) unless indicated as a noncalendar fiscal year (FY).

Topic: Afghanistan21 December - 20 December

Topic: Albaniacalendar year

Topic: Algeriacalendar year

Topic: American Samoa1 October - 30 September

Topic: Andorracalendar year

Topic: Angolacalendar year

Topic: Anguilla1 April - 31 March

Topic: Antigua and Barbuda1 April - 31 March

Topic: Argentinacalendar year

Topic: Armeniacalendar year

Topic: Arubacalendar year

Topic: Australia1 July - 30 June

Topic: Austriacalendar year

Topic: Azerbaijancalendar year

Topic: Bahamas, The1 July - 30 June

Topic: Bahraincalendar year

Topic: Bangladesh1 July - 30 June

Topic: Barbados1 April - 31 March

Topic: Belaruscalendar year

Topic: Belgiumcalendar year

Topic: Belize1 April - 31 March

Topic: Benincalendar year

Topic: Bermuda1 April - 31 March

Topic: Bhutan1 July - 30 June

Topic: Boliviacalendar year

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovinacalendar year

Topic: Botswana1 April - 31 March

Topic: Brazilcalendar year

Topic: British Virgin Islands1 April - 31 March

Topic: Brunei1 April - 31 March

Topic: Bulgariacalendar year

Topic: Burkina Fasocalendar year

Topic: Burma1 April - 31 March

Topic: Burundicalendar year

Topic: Cabo Verdecalendar year

Topic: Cambodiacalendar year

Topic: Cameroon1 July - 30 June

Topic: Canada1 April - 31 March

Topic: Cayman Islands1 April - 31 March

Topic: Central African Republiccalendar year

Topic: Chadcalendar year

Topic: Chilecalendar year

Topic: Chinacalendar year

Topic: Christmas Island1 July - 30 June

Topic: Cocos (Keeling) Islands1 July - 30 June

Topic: Colombiacalendar year

Topic: Comoroscalendar year

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of thecalendar year

Topic: Congo, Republic of thecalendar year

Topic: Cook Islands1 April - 31 March

Topic: Costa Ricacalendar year

Topic: Cote d'Ivoirecalendar year

Topic: Croatiacalendar year

Topic: Cubacalendar year

Topic: Cypruscalendar year

Topic: Czechiacalendar year

Topic: Denmarkcalendar year

Topic: Djibouticalendar year

Topic: Dominica1 July - 30 June

Topic: Dominican Republiccalendar year

Topic: Ecuadorcalendar year

Topic: Egypt1 July - 30 June

Topic: El Salvadorcalendar year

Topic: Equatorial Guineacalendar year

Topic: Eritreacalendar year

Topic: Estoniacalendar year

Topic: Eswatini1 April - 31 March

Topic: Ethiopia8 July - 7 July

Topic: European UnionNA

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)1 April - 31 March

Topic: Faroe Islandscalendar year

Topic: Fijicalendar year

Topic: Finlandcalendar year

Topic: Francecalendar year

Topic: French Polynesiacalendar year

Topic: Gaboncalendar year

Topic: Gambia, Thecalendar year

Topic: Gaza Stripcalendar year

Topic: Georgiacalendar year

Topic: Germanycalendar year

Topic: Ghanacalendar year

Topic: Gibraltar1 July - 30 June

Topic: Greececalendar year

Topic: Greenlandcalendar year

Topic: Grenadacalendar year

Topic: Guam1 October - 30 September

Topic: Guatemalacalendar year

Topic: Guernseycalendar year

Topic: Guineacalendar year

Topic: Guinea-Bissaucalendar year

Topic: Guyanacalendar year

Topic: Haiti1 October - 30 September

Topic: Holy See (Vatican City)calendar year

Topic: Hondurascalendar year

Topic: Hong Kong1 April - 31 March

Topic: Hungarycalendar year

Topic: Icelandcalendar year

Topic: India1 April - 31 March

Topic: Indonesiacalendar year

Topic: Iran21 March - 20 March

Topic: Iraqcalendar year

Topic: Irelandcalendar year

Topic: Isle of Man1 April - 31 March

Topic: Israelcalendar year

Topic: Italycalendar year

Topic: Jamaica1 April - 31 March

Topic: Japan1 April - 31 March

Topic: Jersey1 April - 31 March

Topic: Jordancalendar year

Topic: Kazakhstancalendar year

Topic: Kenya1 July - 30 June

Topic: KiribatiNA

Topic: Korea, Northcalendar year

Topic: Korea, Southcalendar year

Topic: Kuwait1 April - 31 March

Topic: Kyrgyzstancalendar year

Topic: Laos1 October - 30 September

Topic: Latviacalendar year

Topic: Lebanoncalendar year

Topic: Lesotho1 April - 31 March

Topic: Liberiacalendar year

Topic: Libyacalendar year

Topic: Liechtensteincalendar year

Topic: Lithuaniacalendar year

Topic: Luxembourgcalendar year

Topic: Macaucalendar year

Topic: Madagascarcalendar year

Topic: Malawi1 July - 30 June

Topic: Malaysiacalendar year

Topic: Maldivescalendar year

Topic: Malicalendar year

Topic: Maltacalendar year

Topic: Marshall Islands1 October - 30 September

Topic: Mauritaniacalendar year

Topic: Mauritius1 July - 30 June

Topic: Mexicocalendar year

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States of1 October - 30 September

Topic: Moldovacalendar year

Topic: Monacocalendar year

Topic: Mongoliacalendar year

Topic: Montenegrocalendar year

Topic: Montserrat1 April - 31 March

Topic: Moroccocalendar year

Topic: Mozambiquecalendar year

Topic: Namibia1 April - 31 March

Topic: Nauru1 July - 30 June

Topic: Nepal16 July - 15 July

Topic: Netherlandscalendar year

Topic: New Caledoniacalendar year

Topic: New Zealand1 April - 31 March

note: this is the fiscal year for tax purposes

Topic: Nicaraguacalendar year

Topic: Nigercalendar year

Topic: Nigeriacalendar year

Topic: Niue1 April - 31 March

Topic: Norfolk Island1 July - 30 June

Topic: North Macedoniacalendar year

Topic: Northern Mariana Islands1 October - 30 September

Topic: Norwaycalendar year

Topic: Omancalendar year

Topic: Pakistan1 July - 30 June

Topic: Palau1 October - 30 September

Topic: Panamacalendar year

Topic: Papua New Guineacalendar year

Topic: Paraguaycalendar year

Topic: Perucalendar year

Topic: Philippinescalendar year

Topic: Pitcairn Islands1 April - 31 March

Topic: Polandcalendar year

Topic: Portugalcalendar year

Topic: Puerto Rico1 July - 30 June

Topic: Qatar1 April - 31 March

Topic: Romaniacalendar year

Topic: Russiacalendar year

Topic: Rwandacalendar year

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha1 April - 31 March

Topic: Saint Kitts and Neviscalendar year

Topic: Saint Lucia1 April - 31 March

Topic: Saint Pierre and Miqueloncalendar year

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadinescalendar year

Topic: SamoaJune 1 - May 31

Topic: San Marinocalendar year

Topic: Sao Tome and Principecalendar year

Topic: Saudi Arabiacalendar year

Topic: Senegalcalendar year

Topic: Seychellescalendar year

Topic: Sierra Leonecalendar year

Topic: Singapore1 April - 31 March

Topic: Slovakiacalendar year

Topic: Sloveniacalendar year

Topic: Solomon Islandscalendar year

Topic: SomaliaNA

Topic: South Africa1 April - 31 March

Topic: Spaincalendar year

Topic: Sri Lankacalendar year

Topic: Sudancalendar year

Topic: Surinamecalendar year

Topic: Swedencalendar year

Topic: Switzerlandcalendar year

Topic: Syriacalendar year

Topic: Taiwancalendar year

Topic: Tajikistancalendar year

Topic: Tanzania1 July - 30 June

Topic: Thailand1 October - 30 September

Topic: Timor-Lestecalendar year

Topic: Togocalendar year

Topic: Tokelau1 April - 31 March

Topic: Tonga1 July - 30 June

Topic: Trinidad and Tobago1 October - 30 September

Topic: Tunisiacalendar year

Topic: Turkeycalendar year

Topic: Turkmenistancalendar year

Topic: Turks and Caicos Islandscalendar year

Topic: Tuvalucalendar year

Topic: Uganda1 July - 30 June

Topic: Ukrainecalendar year

Topic: United Arab Emiratescalendar year

Topic: United Kingdom6 April - 5 April

Topic: United States1 October - 30 September

Topic: Uruguaycalendar year

Topic: Uzbekistancalendar year

Topic: Vanuatucalendar year

Topic: Venezuelacalendar year

Topic: Vietnamcalendar year

Topic: Virgin Islands1 October - 30 September

Topic: Wallis and Futunacalendar year

Topic: West Bankcalendar year

Topic: Yemencalendar year

Topic: Zambiacalendar year

Topic: Zimbabwecalendar year


Topic: Photos of Montserrat

Topic: Introduction
Background: English and Irish colonists from St. Kitts first settled on Montserrat in 1632; the first African slaves arrived three decades later. The British and French fought for possession of the island for most of the 18th century, but it finally was confirmed as a British possession in 1783. The island's sugar plantation economy was converted to small farm landholdings in the mid-19th century. Much of this island was devastated and two thirds of the population fled abroad because of the eruption of the Soufriere Hills Volcano that began on 18 July 1995. Montserrat has endured volcanic activity since, with the last eruption occurring in 2013.Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico
Geographic coordinates: 16 45 N, 62 12 W
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
Area: total: 102 sq km

land: 102 sq km

water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: total: 0 km
Coastline: 40 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Climate: tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation
Terrain: volcanic island, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland
Elevation: highest point: Soufriere Hills volcano pre-eruption height was 915 m; current lava dome is subject to periodic build up and collapse; estimated dome height was 1,050 m in 2015

lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
Natural resources: NEGL
Land use: agricultural land: 30% (2018 est.)

arable land: 20% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 10% (2018 est.)

forest: 25% (2018 est.)

other: 45% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 0 sq km (2012)
Population distribution: only the northern half of the island is populated, the southern portion is uninhabitable due to volcanic activity
Natural hazards: volcanic eruptions; severe hurricanes (June to November)volcanism: Soufriere Hills volcano (915 m), has erupted continuously since 1995; a massive eruption in 1997 destroyed most of the capital, Plymouth, and resulted in approximately half of the island becoming uninhabitable; the island of Montserrat is part of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from Saba in the north to Grenada in the southvolcanic eruptions; severe hurricanes (June to November)volcanism: Soufriere Hills volcano (915 m), has erupted continuously since 1995; a massive eruption in 1997 destroyed most of the capital, Plymouth, and resulted in approximately half of the island becoming uninhabitable; the island of Montserrat is part of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from Saba in the north to Grenada in the south
Geography - note: the island is entirely volcanic in origin and comprised of three major volcanic centers of differing ages
Map description: Montserrat map showing some of the major features of this UK island territory in the Caribbean Sea.Montserrat map showing some of the major features of this UK island territory in the Caribbean Sea.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 5,414 (2022 est.)

note: an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned
Nationality: noun: Montserratian(s)

adjective: Montserratian
Ethnic groups: African/Black 86.2%, mixed 4.8%, Hispanic/Spanish 3%, Caucasian/White 2.7%, East Indian/Indian 1.6%, other 1.8% (2018 est.)
Languages: English
Religions: Protestant 71.4% (includes Anglican 17.7%, Pentecostal/Full Gospel 16.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 15%, Methodist 13.9%, Church of God 6.7%, other Protestant 2%), Roman Catholic 11.4%, Rastafarian 1.4%, Hindu 1.2%, Jehovah's Witness 1%, Muslim 0.4%, other/not stated 5.1%, none 7.9% (2018 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 15.87% (male 442/female 417)

15-24 years: 19.67% (male 556/female 509)

25-54 years: 47.09% (male 1,217/female 1,313)

55-64 years: 10.47% (male 258/female 309)

65 years and over: 7.15% (2022 est.) (male 209/female 178)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: NA

youth dependency ratio: NA

elderly dependency ratio: NA

potential support ratio: NA
Median age: total: 34.8 years

male: 34.1 years

female: 35.6 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.5% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 10.9 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 5.91 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution: only the northern half of the island is populated, the southern portion is uninhabitable due to volcanic activity
Urbanization: urban population: 9.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.94% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.08 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 1.92 male(s)/female

total population: 1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 10.36 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 8.37 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 12.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.7 years

male: 76.66 years

female: 74.7 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.32 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: NA
Drinking water source: improved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 98.1% of population

unimproved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 1.9% of population (2020 est.)
Current Health Expenditure: NA
Physicians density: NA
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: NA

unimproved: urban: NA

rural: NA

total: NA
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: NA
Education expenditures: 9.1% of GDP (2019 est.)
Literacy: total population: NA

male: NA

female: NA
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 14 years

male: 13 years

female: 15 years (2019)

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: land erosion occurs on slopes that have been cleared for cultivation
Climate: tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation
Land use: agricultural land: 30% (2018 est.)

arable land: 20% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 10% (2018 est.)

forest: 25% (2018 est.)

other: 45% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 9.2% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 0.94% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Montserrat

etymology: island named by explorer Christopher COLUMBUS in 1493 after the Benedictine abbey Santa Maria de Montserrat, near Barcelona, Spain
Government type: parliamentary democracy; self-governing overseas territory of the UK
Dependency status: overseas territory of the UK
Capital: name: Plymouth; note - Plymouth was abandoned in 1997 because of volcanic activity; interim government buildings have been built at Brades Estate, the de facto capital, in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of Montserrat

geographic coordinates: 16 42 N, 62 13 W

time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: now entirely deserted because of volcanic activity, the city was originally named after Plymouth, England; de jure, Plymouth remains the capital city of Montserrat; it is therefore the only ghost town that serves as the capital of a political entity
Administrative divisions: 3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter
Independence: none (overseas territory of the UK)
National holiday: Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, usually celebrated the Monday after the second Saturday in June (1926)
Constitution: history: previous 1960; latest put into force 20 October 2010 (The Montserrat Constitution Order 2010)

amendments: amended 2011, 2020
Legal system: English common law
Citizenship: see United Kingdom
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Andrew PEARCE (since 1 February 2018)

head of government: Premier Easton TAYLOR-FARRELL (since 19 November 2019); note - effective with The Constitution Order 2010, effective October 2010, the office of premier replaced the office of chief minister

cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, the premier, 3 other ministers, the attorney general, and the finance secretary

elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually becomes premier
Legislative branch: description: unicameral Legislative Assembly (12 seats; 9 members directly elected in a single constituency by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds to serve 5-year terms; the speaker, normally elected from the outside by the Assembly for a 5-year term, and 2 ex-officio members - the attorney general and financial secretary)

elections: last held on 18 November 2019 (next scheduled for 2024)

election results: percent of vote by party - MCAP 42.7%, PDM 29.9%, other 17.1%; seats by party - MCAP 5, PDM 3, independent 1; composition, including the speaker and 2 ex-officio members - men 8, women 4, percent of women 33.3%
Judicial branch: highest courts: the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 1 assigned to Montserrat; Montserrat is also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice

judge selection and term of office: chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, and independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62

subordinate courts: magistrate's court
Political parties and leaders: Movement for Change and Prosperity or MCAP [Easton Taylor FARRELL]
People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Donaldson ROMERO]
International organization participation: Caricom, CDB, Interpol (subbureau), OECS, UPU
Diplomatic representation in the US: none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: none (overseas territory of the UK); alternate contact is the US Embassy in Barbados [1] (246) 227-4000; US Embassy Bridgetown, Wildey Business Park, St. Michael BB 14006, Barbados, WI
Flag description: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the arms feature a woman in green dress, Erin, the female personification of Ireland, standing beside a yellow harp and embracing a large dark cross with her right arm; Erin and the harp are symbols of Ireland reflecting the territory's Irish ancestry; blue represents awareness, trustworthiness, determination, and righteousness
National anthem: note: as a territory of the UK, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom)note: as a territory of the UK, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: Severe volcanic activity, which began in July 1995, has put a damper on this small, open economy. A catastrophic eruption in June 1997 closed the airport and seaports, causing further economic and social dislocation. Two-thirds of the 12,000 inhabitants fled the island. Some began to return in 1998 but lack of housing limited the number. The agriculture sector continued to be affected by the lack of suitable land for farming and the destruction of crops.   Prospects for the economy depend largely on developments in relation to the volcanic activity and on public sector construction activity. Half of the island remains uninhabitable. In January 2013, the EU announced the disbursement of a $55.2 million aid package to Montserrat in order to boost the country's economic recovery, with a specific focus on public finance management, public sector reform, and prudent economic management. Montserrat is tied to the EU through the UK. Although the UK is leaving the EU, Montserrat’s aid will not be affected as Montserrat maintains a direct agreement with the EU regarding aid.Severe volcanic activity, which began in July 1995, has put a damper on this small, open economy. A catastrophic eruption in June 1997 closed the airport and seaports, causing further economic and social dislocation. Two-thirds of the 12,000 inhabitants fled the island. Some began to return in 1998 but lack of housing limited the number. The agriculture sector continued to be affected by the lack of suitable land for farming and the destruction of crops. Prospects for the economy depend largely on developments in relation to the volcanic activity and on public sector construction activity. Half of the island remains uninhabitable. In January 2013, the EU announced the disbursement of a $55.2 million aid package to Montserrat in order to boost the country's economic recovery, with a specific focus on public finance management, public sector reform, and prudent economic management. Montserrat is tied to the EU through the UK. Although the UK is leaving the EU, Montserrat’s aid will not be affected as Montserrat maintains a direct agreement with the EU regarding aid.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $167.4 million (2011 est.)

$155.9 million (2010 est.)

$162.7 million (2009 est.)
Real GDP growth rate: 7.4% (2011 est.)

-4.2% (2010 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $34,000 (2011 est.)

$31,100 (2010 est.)

$32,300 (2009 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate): $167.4 million (2011 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.2% (2017 est.)

-0.2% (2016 est.)
Credit ratings: Standard & Poors rating: BBB- (2020)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 1.9% (2017 est.)

industry: 7.8% (2017 est.)

services: 90.3% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 90.8% (2017 est.)

government consumption: 50.4% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 17.9% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories: -0.1% (2017 est.)

exports of goods and services: 29.5% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services: -88.6% (2017 est.)
Agricultural products: cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, peppers; livestock products
Industries: tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances
Industrial production growth rate: -21% (2017 est.)
Labor force: 4,521 (2012)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 1.4%

industry: 12.7%

services: 85.9% (2017 est.)
Unemployment rate: 5.6% (2017 est.)

6% (1998 est.)
Population below poverty line: NA
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: NA

highest 10%: NA
Budget: revenues: 66.67 million (2017 est.)

expenditures: 47.04 million (2017 est.)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
Current account balance: -$15.4 million (2017 est.)

-$12.2 million (2016 est.)
Exports: $4.4 million (2017 est.)

$5.2 million (2016 est.)
Exports - partners: Antigua and Barbuda 19%, United States 18%, France 17%, Singapore 14%, Belgium 9%, Netherlands 5% (2019)
Exports - commodities: sand, iron products, seats, medical instruments, fish (2019)
Imports: $39.44 million (2017 est.)

$36.1 million (2016 est.)
Imports - partners: United States 70%, United Kingdom 6% (2019)
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, cars, oranges, electric motors, broadcasting equipment (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $47.58 million (31 December 2017 est.)

$51.47 million (31 December 2015 est.)
Debt - external: $8.9 million (1997)
Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -

2.7 (2017 est.)

2.7 (2016 est.)

2.7 (2015 est.)

2.7 (2014 est.)

2.7 (2013 est.)

Topic: Energy
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 5,000 kW (2020 est.)

consumption: 21.56 million kWh (2019 est.)

exports: 0 kWh (2020 est.)

imports: 0 kWh (2020 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 1 million kWh (2019 est.)
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

solar: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

hydroelectricity: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Coal: production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 200 bbl/day (2019 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 406 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas: production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 33,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 33,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: 0 Btu/person (2019 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 3,000 (2018 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 60 (2018 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 5,000 (2018 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 101 (2019 est.)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: telecom market one of growth in Caribbean and fully digitalized; high dependency on tourism and offshore financial services; operators expand FttP (Fiber to Home) services; LTE launches and operators invest in mobile networks; effective competition in all sectors (2020)

domestic: fixed-line roughly 60 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity nearly 101 per 100 persons (2019)

international: country code - 1-664; landing point for the ECFS optic submarine cable with links to 14 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad (2019)

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
Broadcast media: Radio Montserrat, a public radio broadcaster, transmits on 1 station and has a repeater transmission to a second station; repeater transmissions from the GEM Radio Network of Trinidad and Tobago provide another 2 radio stations; cable and satellite TV available (2007)
Internet country code: .ms
Internet users: total: 2,744 (2019 est.)

percent of population: 55% (2019 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 2,700 (2018 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 55 (2018 est.)

Topic: Transportation
National air transport system: number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 3
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: VP-M
Airports: total: 1 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 1

under 914 m: 1 (2021)
Roadways: note: volcanic eruptions that began in 1995 destroyed most of the 227 km road system; a new road infrastructure has been built on the north end of the islandnote: volcanic eruptions that began in 1995 destroyed most of the 227 km road system; a new road infrastructure has been built on the north end of the island
Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Little Bay, Plymouth

Topic: Military and Security
Military and security forces: no regular military forces; Royal Montserrat Defense Force (ceremonial, civil defense duties), Montserrat Police Force
Military - note: defense is the responsibility of the UK

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: none identifiednone identified
Illicit drugs: transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe


This entry records a country's net trade in goods and services, plus net earnings from rents, interest, profits, and dividends, and net transfer payments (such as pension funds and worker remittances) to and from the rest of the world during the period specified. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.

Topic: Afghanistan$1.014 billion (2017 est.)

$1.409 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Albania-$908 million (2017 est.)

-$899 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Algeria-$22.1 billion (2017 est.)

-$26.47 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Angola-$1.254 billion (2017 est.)

-$4.834 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Anguilla-$23.2 million (2017 est.)

-$25.3 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Antigua and Barbuda-$112 million (2017 est.)

$2 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Argentina-$3.997 billion (2019 est.)

-$27.049 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Armenia-$328 million (2017 est.)

-$238 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Aruba$22 million (2017 est.)

$133 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Australia$8.146 billion (2019 est.)

-$29.777 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Austria$12.667 billion (2019 est.)

$5.989 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Azerbaijan$1.685 billion (2017 est.)

-$1.363 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Bahamas, The-$1.909 billion (2017 est.)

-$868 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Bahrain-$1.6 billion (2017 est.)

-$1.493 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Bangladesh-$5.322 billion (2017 est.)

$1.391 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Barbados-$189 million (2017 est.)

-$206 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Belarus-$931 million (2017 est.)

-$1.669 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Belgium$1.843 billion (2019 est.)

-$4.135 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Belize-$143 million (2017 est.)

-$163 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Benin-$1.024 billion (2017 est.)

-$808 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Bermuda$818.6 million (2017 est.)

$763 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Bhutan-$547 million (2017 est.)

-$621 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Bolivia-$2.375 billion (2017 est.)

-$1.932 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovina-$873 million (2017 est.)

-$821 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Botswana$2.146 billion (2017 est.)

$2.147 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Brazil-$50.927 billion (2019 est.)

-$41.54 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: British Virgin Islands$362.6 million (2011 est.)

$279.8 million (2010 est.)

Topic: Brunei$2.021 billion (2017 est.)

$1.47 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Bulgaria$2.06 billion (2019 est.)

$611 million (2018 est.)

Topic: Burkina Faso-$1.019 billion (2017 est.)

-$820 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Burma$240 million (2019 est.)

-$2.398 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Burundi-$418 million (2017 est.)

-$411 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Cabo Verde-$109 million (2017 est.)

-$40 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Cambodia-$1.871 billion (2017 est.)

-$1.731 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Cameroon-$932 million (2017 est.)

-$1.034 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Canada-$35.425 billion (2019 est.)

-$42.862 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Cayman Islands-$492.6 million (2017 est.)

-$493.5 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Central African Republic-$163 million (2017 est.)

-$97 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Chad-$558 million (2017 est.)

-$926 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Chile-$10.933 billion (2019 est.)

-$10.601 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: China$141.335 billion (2019 est.)

$25.499 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Colombia-$13.748 billion (2019 est.)

-$13.118 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Comoros-$27 million (2017 est.)

-$45 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of the-$200 million (2017 est.)

-$1.215 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Congo, Republic of the-$1.128 billion (2017 est.)

-$5.735 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Cook Islands$26.67 million (2005)

Topic: Costa Rica-$1.692 billion (2017 est.)

-$1.326 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Cote d'Ivoire-$1.86 billion (2017 est.)

-$414 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Croatia$1.597 billion (2019 est.)

$1 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Cuba$985.4 million (2017 est.)

$2.008 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Curacao-$400 million (2011 est.)

-$600 million (2010 est.)

Topic: Cyprus-$1.578 billion (2019 est.)

-$958 million (2018 est.)

Topic: Czechia-$678 million (2019 est.)

$1.259 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Denmark$30.935 billion (2019 est.)

$24.821 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Djibouti-$280 million (2017 est.)

-$178 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Dominica-$70 million (2017 est.)

$5 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Dominican Republic-$165 million (2017 est.)

-$815 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Ecuador-$53 million (2019 est.)

-$1.328 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Egypt-$8.915 billion (2019 est.)

-$7.682 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: El Salvador-$501 million (2017 est.)

-$500 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Equatorial Guinea-$738 million (2017 est.)

-$1.457 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Eritrea-$137 million (2017 est.)

-$105 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Estonia$616 million (2019 est.)

$280 million (2018 est.)

Topic: Eswatini$604 million (2017 est.)

$642 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Ethiopia-$6.551 billion (2017 est.)

-$6.574 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: European Union$404.9 billion (2017 est.)

$359.7 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Fiji-$277 million (2017 est.)

-$131 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Finland-$603 million (2019 est.)

-$4.908 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: France-$18.102 billion (2019 est.)

-$16.02 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: French Polynesia$207.7 million (2014 est.)

$158.8 million (2013 est.)

Topic: Gabon-$725 million (2017 est.)

-$1.389 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Gambia, The-$194 million (2017 est.)

-$85 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Gaza Strip-$1.444 billion (2017 est.)

-$1.348 billion (2016 est.)

note: excludes the West Bank

Topic: Georgia-$1.348 billion (2017 est.)

-$1.84 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Germany$280.238 billion (2019 est.)

$297.434 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Ghana-$2.131 billion (2017 est.)

-$2.86 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Greece-$3.114 billion (2019 est.)

-$6.245 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Grenada-$77 million (2017 est.)

-$34 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Guatemala$1.134 billion (2017 est.)

$1.023 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Guinea-$705 million (2017 est.)

-$2.705 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Guinea-Bissau-$27 million (2017 est.)

$16 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Guyana-$237 million (2017 est.)

$13 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Haiti-$348 million (2017 est.)

-$83 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Honduras-$380 million (2017 est.)

-$587 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Hong Kong$22.469 billion (2019 est.)

$13.516 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Hungary-$392 million (2019 est.)

$510 million (2018 est.)

Topic: Iceland$1.496 billion (2019 est.)

$814 million (2018 est.)

Topic: India-$29.748 billion (2019 est.)

-$65.939 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Indonesia-$30.359 billion (2019 est.)

-$30.633 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Iran$9.491 billion (2017 est.)

$16.28 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Iraq$4.344 billion (2017 est.)

-$13.38 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Ireland-$44.954 billion (2019 est.)

$24.154 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Israel$20.642 billion (2020 est.)

$13.411 billion (2019 est.)

$7.888 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Italy$59.517 billion (2019 est.)

$51.735 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Jamaica-$298 million (2019 est.)

-$288 million (2018 est.)

Topic: Japan$185.644 billion (2019 est.)

$177.08 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Jordan-$1.222 billion (2019 est.)

-$2.964 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Kazakhstan-$7.206 billion (2019 est.)

-$138 million (2018 est.)

Topic: Kenya-$57.594 billion (2019 est.)

-$56.194 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Kiribati$18 million (2017 est.)

$35 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Korea, South$59.971 billion (2019 est.)

$77.467 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Kosovo-$467 million (2017 est.)

-$533 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Kuwait$7.127 billion (2017 est.)

-$5.056 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Kyrgyzstan-$306 million (2017 est.)

-$792 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Laos-$2.057 billion (2017 est.)

-$2.07 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Latvia-$222 million (2019 est.)

-$99 million (2018 est.)

Topic: Lebanon-$12.37 billion (2017 est.)

-$11.18 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Lesotho-$102 million (2017 est.)

-$201 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Liberia-$627 million (2017 est.)

-$464 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Libya$2.574 billion (2017 est.)

-$4.575 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Lithuania$1.817 billion (2019 est.)

$131 million (2018 est.)

Topic: Luxembourg$3.254 billion (2019 est.)

$3.296 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Macau$16.75 billion (2017 est.)

$12.22 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Madagascar-$35 million (2017 est.)

$57 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Malawi-$591 million (2017 est.)

-$744 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Malaysia$12.295 billion (2019 est.)

$8.027 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Maldives-$876 million (2017 est.)

-$1.033 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Mali-$886 million (2017 est.)

-$1.015 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Malta$1.561 billion (2019 est.)

$1.55 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Marshall Islands-$1 million (2017 est.)

$15 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Mauritania-$711 million (2017 est.)

-$707 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Mauritius-$875 million (2017 est.)

-$531 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Mexico-$4.351 billion (2019 est.)

-$25.415 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States of$12 million (2017 est.)

$11 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Moldova-$602 million (2017 est.)

-$268 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Mongolia-$1.155 billion (2017 est.)

-$700 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Montenegro-$780 million (2017 est.)

-$710 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Montserrat-$15.4 million (2017 est.)

-$12.2 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Morocco-$5.075 billion (2019 est.)

-$6.758 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Mozambique-$3.025 billion (2019 est.)

-$4.499 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Namibia-$216 million (2019 est.)

-$465 million (2018 est.)

Topic: Nauru$5 million (2017 est.)

$2 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Nepal-$93 million (2017 est.)

$1.339 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Netherlands$90.207 billion (2019 est.)

$98.981 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: New Caledonia-$1.469 billion (2014 est.)

-$1.861 billion (2013 est.)

Topic: New Zealand-$6.962 billion (2019 est.)

-$8.742 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Nicaragua-$694 million (2017 est.)

-$989 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Niger-$1.16 billion (2017 est.)

-$1.181 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Nigeria$10.38 billion (2017 est.)

$2.714 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: North Macedonia-$151 million (2017 est.)

-$293 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Norway$16.656 billion (2019 est.)

$31.111 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Oman-$10.76 billion (2017 est.)

-$12.32 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Pakistan-$7.143 billion (2019 est.)

-$19.482 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Palau-$53 million (2017 est.)

-$36 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Panama-$3.036 billion (2017 est.)

-$3.16 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Papua New Guinea$4.859 billion (2017 est.)

$4.569 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Paraguay-$298 million (2017 est.)

$416 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Peru-$3.531 billion (2019 est.)

-$3.821 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Philippines-$3.386 billion (2019 est.)

-$8.877 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Poland$2.92 billion (2019 est.)

-$7.52 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Portugal-$203 million (2019 est.)

$988 million (2018 est.)

Topic: Puerto Rico$0 (2017 est.)

$0 (2016 est.)

Topic: Qatar$6.426 billion (2017 est.)

-$8.27 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Romania-$11.389 billion (2019 est.)

-$10.78 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Russia$65.311 billion (2019 est.)

$115.68 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Rwanda-$622 million (2017 est.)

-$1.336 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevis-$97 million (2017 est.)

-$102 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Saint Lucia$21 million (2017 est.)

-$31 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines-$116 million (2017 est.)

-$122 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Samoa-$19 million (2017 est.)

-$37 million (2016 est.)

Topic: San Marino$0 (2017 est.)

$0 (2016 est.)

Topic: Sao Tome and Principe-$32 million (2017 est.)

-$23 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Saudi Arabia$15.23 billion (2017 est.)

-$23.87 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Senegal-$1.547 billion (2017 est.)

-$769 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Serbia-$2.354 billion (2017 est.)

-$1.189 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Seychelles-$307 million (2017 est.)

-$286 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Sierra Leone-$407 million (2017 est.)

-$88 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Singapore$63.109 billion (2019 est.)

$64.042 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Slovakia-$3.026 billion (2019 est.)

-$2.635 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Slovenia$3.05 billion (2019 est.)

$3.17 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Solomon Islands-$54 million (2017 est.)

-$49 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Somalia-$464 million (2017 est.)

-$427 million (2016 est.)

Topic: South Africa-$10.626 billion (2019 est.)

-$13.31 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: South Sudan-$154 million (2017 est.)

$39 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Spain$29.603 billion (2019 est.)

$27.206 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Sri Lanka-$10 million (2019 est.)

-$17 million (2018 est.)

Topic: Sudan-$4.811 billion (2017 est.)

-$4.213 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Suriname-$2 million (2017 est.)

-$169 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Sweden$22.339 billion (2019 est.)

$13.902 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Switzerland$79.937 billion (2019 est.)

$63.273 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Syria-$2.123 billion (2017 est.)

-$2.077 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Taiwan$65.173 billion (2019 est.)

$70.843 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Tajikistan-$35 million (2017 est.)

-$362 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Tanzania-$1.313 billion (2019 est.)

-$1.898 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Thailand$37.033 billion (2019 est.)

$28.423 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Timor-Leste-$284 million (2017 est.)

-$544 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Togo-$383 million (2017 est.)

-$416 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Tonga-$53 million (2017 est.)

-$30 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Trinidad and Tobago$2.325 billion (2017 est.)

-$653 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Tunisia-$4.191 billion (2017 est.)

-$3.694 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Turkey$8.561 billion (2019 est.)

-$20.745 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Turkmenistan-$4.359 billion (2017 est.)

-$7.207 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Tuvalu$2 million (2017 est.)

$8 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Uganda-$1.212 billion (2017 est.)

-$707 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Ukraine-$4.124 billion (2019 est.)

-$6.432 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: United Arab Emirates$26.47 billion (2017 est.)

$13.23 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: United Kingdom-$121.921 billion (2019 est.)

-$104.927 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: United States-$480.225 billion (2019 est.)

-$449.694 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: Uruguay$879 million (2017 est.)

$410 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Uzbekistan$1.713 billion (2017 est.)

$384 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Vanuatu-$13 million (2017 est.)

-$37 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Venezuela$4.277 billion (2017 est.)

-$3.87 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Vietnam$12.478 billion (2019 est.)

$5.769 billion (2018 est.)

Topic: West Bank-$1.444 billion (2017 est.)

-$1.348 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Yemen-$1.236 billion (2017 est.)

-$1.868 billion (2016 est.)

Topic: Zambia-$1.006 billion (2017 est.)

-$934 million (2016 est.)

Topic: Zimbabwe-$716 million (2017 est.)

-$553 million (2016 est.)


This entry gives an estimate of the number of adults and children who died of AIDS during a given calendar year.

Topic: Afghanistan(2020 est.) <1,000

Topic: AkrotiriNA

Topic: Albania(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Algeria(2020 est.) <200

Topic: American SamoaNA

Topic: AndorraNA

Topic: Angola16,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: AnguillaNA

Topic: Antigua and Barbuda(2018) <100

Topic: Argentina1,400 (2020 est.)

Topic: Armenia(2020 est.) <100

Topic: ArubaNA

Topic: Ashmore and Cartier IslandsNA

Topic: Australia(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Austria(2017 est.) <100

Topic: Azerbaijan(2020 est.) <200

Topic: Bahamas, The(2018) <200

Topic: Bahrain(2017 est.) <100

Topic: Bangladesh(2018 est.) <1000

Topic: Barbados(2019 est.) <100

Topic: Belarus(2020 est.) <200

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: BelgiumNA

Topic: Belize(2020 est.) <200

Topic: Benin2,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: BermudaNA

Topic: Bhutan(2020) <100

Topic: Bolivia(2020 est.) <200

Topic: Bosnia and Herzegovina(2018) <100

Topic: Botswana5,100 (2020 est.)

Topic: Bouvet IslandNA

Topic: Brazil13,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: British Indian Ocean TerritoryNA

Topic: British Virgin IslandsNA

Topic: BruneiNA

Topic: Bulgaria(2019 est.) <100

Topic: Burkina Faso3,300 (2020 est.)

Topic: Burma7,700 (2019 est.)

Topic: Burundi1,700 (2020 est.)

Topic: Cabo Verde(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Cambodia1,200 (2020 est.)

Topic: Cameroon14,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: CanadaNA

Topic: Cayman IslandsNA

Topic: Central African Republic3,200 (2020 est.)

Topic: Chad3,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Chile(2018) <1,000

Topic: ChinaNA

Topic: Christmas IslandNA

Topic: Clipperton IslandNA

Topic: Cocos (Keeling) IslandsNA

Topic: Colombia3,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Comoros(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Congo, Democratic Republic of the17,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Congo, Republic of the6,100 (2020 est.)

Topic: Cook IslandsNA

Topic: Coral Sea IslandsNA

Topic: Costa Rica(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Cote d'Ivoire13,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Croatia(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Cuba(2020 est.) <500

Topic: CuracaoNA

Topic: Cyprus(2017 est.) <100

Topic: Czechia(2018 est.) <100

Topic: Denmark(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: DhekeliaNA

Topic: Djibouti(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Dominica(2018) <100

Topic: Dominican Republic1,900 (2020 est.)

Topic: Ecuador(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Egypt(2020 est.) <500

Topic: El Salvador(2020 est.) <1000

Topic: Equatorial Guinea2,300 (2020 est.)

Topic: Eritrea(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Estonia(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Eswatini2,400 (2020 est.)

Topic: Ethiopia13,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: European Unionnote: see individual entries of member states

Topic: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)NA

Topic: Faroe IslandsNA

Topic: Fiji(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Finland(2018) <100

Topic: France(2019 est.) <500

Topic: French PolynesiaNA

Topic: French Southern and Antarctic LandsNA

Topic: Gabon(2020 est.) <1000

Topic: Gambia, The1,300 (2020 est.)

Topic: Gaza StripNA

Topic: Georgia(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Germany(2020 est.) <500

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Ghana13,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: GibraltarNA

Topic: Greece(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: GreenlandNA

Topic: Grenada(2018) <100

Topic: GuamNA

Topic: Guatemala(2020 est.) <1,000

Topic: GuernseyNA

Topic: Guinea3,300 (2020 est.)

Topic: Guinea-Bissau1,500 (2020 est.)

Topic: Guyana(2020 est.) <200

Topic: Haiti2,200 (2020 est.)

Topic: Heard Island and McDonald IslandsNA

Topic: Holy See (Vatican City)NA

Topic: Honduras(2020 est.) <1000

Topic: Hong KongNA

Topic: Hungary(2018 est.) <100

Topic: Iceland(2020) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: India69,000 (2017 est.)

Topic: Indonesia24,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Iran3,200 (2020 est.)

Topic: IraqNA

Topic: Ireland(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Isle of ManNA

Topic: Israel(2018) <100

Topic: Italy(2020 est.) <1000

Topic: Jamaica(2020 est.) <1,000

Topic: Jan MayenNA

Topic: Japan(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: JerseyNA

Topic: Jordan(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Kazakhstan(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Kenya29,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: KiribatiNA

Topic: Korea, NorthNA

Topic: Korea, SouthNA

Topic: KosovoNA

Topic: Kuwait(2018 est.) <100

Topic: Kyrgyzstan(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Laos(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Latvia(2019 est.) <100

Topic: Lebanon(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Lesotho4,700 (2020 est.)

Topic: Liberia1,300 (2020 est.)

Topic: Libya(2020) <100

Topic: LiechtensteinNA

Topic: Lithuania(2019 est.) <100

Topic: Luxembourg(2018 est.) <100

Topic: MacauNA

Topic: Madagascar1,800 (2020 est.)

Topic: Malawi12,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Malaysia2,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: MaldivesNA

Topic: Mali4,600 (2020 est.)

Topic: Malta(2016 est.) <100

Topic: Marshall IslandsNA

Topic: Mauritania(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Mauritius(2020) <1000

Topic: Mexico4,300 (2020 est.)

Topic: Micronesia, Federated States ofNA

Topic: Moldova(2020 est.) <500

Topic: MonacoNA

Topic: Mongolia(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Montenegro(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: MontserratNA

Topic: Morocco(2020 est.) <500

note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara

Topic: Mozambique38,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Namibia3,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: NauruNA

Topic: Navassa IslandNA

Topic: Nepal(2020 est.) <1000

Topic: Netherlands(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: New CaledoniaNA

Topic: New Zealand(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Nicaragua(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Niger1,100 (2020 est.)

Topic: Nigeria49,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: NiueNA

Topic: Norfolk IslandNA

Topic: North Macedonia300 (2018 est.)

Topic: Northern Mariana IslandsNA

Topic: Norway(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Oman(2019) <100

Topic: Pakistan8,200 (2020 est.)

Topic: PalauNA

Topic: Panama(2020 est.) <500

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Papua New Guinea(2020 est.) <500

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Paracel IslandsNA

Topic: Paraguay(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Peru(2020 est.) <1000

Topic: Philippines1,600 (2020 est.) <1,000

Topic: Pitcairn IslandsNA

Topic: PolandNA

Topic: Portugal(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Puerto RicoNA

Topic: Qatar(2020 est.) <100

Topic: Romania(2020 est.) <500

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: RussiaNA

Topic: Rwanda2,500 (2020 est.)

Topic: Saint BarthelemyNA

Topic: Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da CunhaNA

Topic: Saint Kitts and Nevis(2018) <100

Topic: Saint Lucia(2018) <100

Topic: Saint MartinNA

Topic: Saint Pierre and MiquelonNA

Topic: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines(2018) <100

Topic: SamoaNA

Topic: San MarinoNA

Topic: Sao Tome and Principe(2020) <100

Topic: Saudi Arabia(2020 est.) <200

Topic: Senegal1,100 (2020 est.)

Topic: Serbia(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: SeychellesNA

Topic: Sierra Leone3,200 (2020 est.)

Topic: Singapore(2020 est.) <100

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Sint MaartenNA

Topic: Slovakia(2018 est.) <100

Topic: Slovenia(2018 est.) <100

Topic: Solomon IslandsNA

Topic: Somalia(2020 est.) <500

Topic: South Africa83,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: South Georgia and South Sandwich IslandsNA

Topic: South Sudan8,900 (2020 est.)

Topic: Spain(2020) <1,000

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Spratly IslandsNA

Topic: Sri Lanka(2020 est.) <200

Topic: Sudan2,300 (2020 est.)

Topic: Suriname(2020 est.) <200

Topic: SvalbardNA

Topic: SwedenNA

Topic: Switzerland(2020) <200

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Syria(2020) <100

Topic: TaiwanNA

Topic: Tajikistan(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Tanzania32,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Thailand12,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Timor-Leste(2020) <100

Topic: Togo3,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: TokelauNA

Topic: TongaNA

Topic: Trinidad and Tobago(2020 est.) <200

note: estimate does not include children

Topic: Tunisia(2020 est.) <200

Topic: Turkey (Turkiye)NA

Topic: TurkmenistanNA

Topic: Turks and Caicos IslandsNA

Topic: TuvaluNA

Topic: Uganda22,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Ukraine3,100 (2020 est.)

Topic: United Arab Emirates100 (2020) <100

Topic: United KingdomNA

Topic: United StatesNA

Topic: United States Pacific Island Wildlife RefugesNA

Topic: Uruguay(2020 est.) <200

Topic: Uzbekistan(2020 est.) <1,000

Topic: VanuatuNA

Topic: Venezuela4,200 (2020 est.)

Topic: Vietnam3,800 (2020 est.)

Topic: Virgin IslandsNA

Topic: Wake IslandNA

Topic: Wallis and FutunaNA

Topic: West BankNA

Topic: World680,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Yemen(2020 est.) <500

Topic: Zambia24,000 (2020 est.)

Topic: Zimbabwe22,000 (2020 est.)


Topic: Photos of Burkina Faso

Topic: Introduction
Background: Many of Burkina Faso’s ethnic groups arrived in the region between the 12th and 15th centuries. The Gurma and Mossi peoples established several of the largest kingdoms in the area and used horse-mounted warriors in military campaigns. Of the various Mossi kingdoms, the most powerful were Ouagadougou and Yatenga. In the late 19th century, European states competed for control of the region. France eventually conquered the area and established it as a French protectorate. The area achieved independence from France in 1960 and changed its name to Burkina Faso in 1984. Repeated military coups were common in the country’s first few decades. The last successful coup occurred in 1987 when Blaise COMPAORE deposed the former president, established a government, and ruled for 27 years. In October 2014, COMPAORE resigned following protests against his repeated efforts to amend the constitution's two-term presidential limit. An interim administration led a year-long transition period organizing presidential and legislative elections. In November 2015, Roch Marc Christian KABORE was elected president; he was reelected in November 2020.

Terrorist groups - including groups affiliated with Al-Qa’ida and the Islamic State - began attacks in the country in 2016 and conducted attacks in the capital in 2016, 2017, and 2018. By late 2021, insecurity in Burkina Faso had displaced 1.4 million people and led to significant jumps in humanitarian needs and food insecurity. In addition to terrorism, the country faces a myriad of problems including high population growth, recurring drought, pervasive and perennial food insecurity, and limited natural resources. It is one of the world’s poorest countries.
  Many of Burkina Faso’s ethnic groups arrived in the region between the 12th and 15th centuries. The Gurma and Mossi peoples established several of the largest kingdoms in the area and used horse-mounted warriors in military campaigns. Of the various Mossi kingdoms, the most powerful were Ouagadougou and Yatenga. In the late 19th century, European states competed for control of the region. France eventually conquered the area and established it as a French protectorate. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Topic: Geography
Location: Western Africa, north of Ghana
Geographic coordinates: 13 00 N, 2 00 W
Map references: Africa
Area: total: 274,200 sq km

land: 273,800 sq km

water: 400 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly larger than Colorado
Land boundaries: total: 3,611 km

border countries (6): Benin 386 km; Cote d'Ivoire 545 km; Ghana 602 km; Mali 1325 km; Niger 622 km; Togo 131 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: three climate zones including a hot tropical savanna with a short rainy season in the southern half, a tropical hot semi-arid steppe climate typical of the Sahel region in the northern half, and small area of hot desert in the very north of the country bordering the Sahara Desertthree climate zones including a hot tropical savanna with a short rainy season in the southern half, a tropical hot semi-arid steppe climate typical of the Sahel region in the northern half, and small area of hot desert in the very north of the country bordering the Sahara Desert
Terrain: mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in the west and southeast; occupies an extensive plateau with savanna that is grassy in the north and gradually gives way to sparse forests in the south
Elevation: highest point: Tena Kourou 749 m

lowest point: Mouhoun (Black Volta) River 200 m

mean elevation: 297 m
Natural resources: gold, manganese, zinc, limestone, marble, phosphates, pumice, salt
Land use: agricultural land: 44.2% (2018 est.)

arable land: 22% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 37% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 21.93% (2018 est.)

forest: 19.3% (2018 est.)

other: 36.5% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land: 550 sq km (2016)
Major rivers (by length in km): Volta river source (shared with Ghana [m]) - 1,600 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km), Volta (410,991 sq km)
Population distribution:  Most of the population is located in the center and south. Nearly one-third of the population lives in cities. The capital and largest city is Ouagadougou (Ouaga), with a population of 1.8 million as shown in this population distribution map  (2019)Most of the population is located in the center and south. Nearly one-third of the population lives in cities. The capital and largest city is Ouagadougou (Ouaga), with a population of 1.8 million as shown in this population distribution map
Natural hazards: recurring droughts
Geography - note: landlocked savanna cut by the three principal rivers of the Black, Red, and White Voltas
Map description: Burkina Faso map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries.Burkina Faso map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries.

Topic: People and Society
Population: 21,935,389 (2022 est.)

note: estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic
Nationality: noun: Burkinabe (singular and plural)

adjective: Burkinabe
Ethnic groups: Mossi 52%, Fulani 8.4%, Gurma 7%, Bobo 4.9%, Gurunsi 4.6%, Senufo 4.5%, Bissa 3.7%, Lobi 2.4%, Dagara 2.4%, Tuareg/Bella 1.9%, Dioula 0.8%, unspecified/no answer 0.3%, other 7.2% (2010 est.)
Languages: French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population
Religions: Muslim 63.2%, Roman Catholic 24.6%, Protestant 6.9%, traditional/animist 4.2%, none 0.7%, unspecified 0.4% (2017-18 est.)
Demographic profile: Burkina Faso has a young age structure – the result of declining mortality combined with steady high fertility – and continues to experience rapid population growth, which is putting increasing pressure on the country’s limited arable land. More than 65% of the population is under the age of 25, and the population is growing at 3% annually. Mortality rates, especially those of infants and children, have decreased because of improved health care, hygiene, and sanitation, but women continue to have an average of almost 6 children. Even if fertility were substantially reduced, today’s large cohort entering their reproductive years would sustain high population growth for the foreseeable future. Only about a third of the population is literate and unemployment is widespread, dampening the economic prospects of Burkina Faso’s large working-age population. Migration has traditionally been a way of life for Burkinabe, with seasonal migration being replaced by stints of up to two years abroad. Cote d’Ivoire remains the top destination, although it has experienced periods of internal conflict. Under French colonization, Burkina Faso became a main labor source for agricultural and factory work in Cote d’Ivoire. Burkinabe also migrated to Ghana, Mali, and Senegal for work between the world wars. Burkina Faso attracts migrants from Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Mali, who often share common ethnic backgrounds with the Burkinabe. Despite its food shortages and high poverty rate, Burkina Faso has become a destination for refugees in recent years and hosts about 33,500 Malians as of May 2017. (2018)Burkina Faso has a young age structure – the result of declining mortality combined with steady high fertility – and continues to experience rapid population growth, which is putting increasing pressure on the country’s limited arable land. More than 65% of the population is under the age of 25, and the population is growing at 3% annually. Mortality rates, especially those of infants and children, have decreased because of improved health care, hygiene, and sanitation, but women continue to have an average of almost 6 children. Even if fertility were substantially reduced, today’s large cohort entering their reproductive years would sustain high population growth for the foreseeable future. Only about a third of the population is literate and unemployment is widespread, dampening the economic prospects of Burkina Faso’s large working-age population.Migration has traditionally been a way of life for Burkinabe, with seasonal migration being replaced by stints of up to two years abroad. Cote d’Ivoire remains the top destination, although it has experienced periods of internal conflict. Under French colonization, Burkina Faso became a main labor source for agricultural and factory work in Cote d’Ivoire. Burkinabe also migrated to Ghana, Mali, and Senegal for work between the world wars. Burkina Faso attracts migrants from Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Mali, who often share common ethnic backgrounds with the Burkinabe. Despite its food shortages and high poverty rate, Burkina Faso has become a destination for refugees in recent years and hosts about 33,500 Malians as of May 2017.
Age structure: 0-14 years: 43.58% (male 4,606,350/female 4,473,951)

15-24 years: 20.33% (male 2,121,012/female 2,114,213)

25-54 years: 29.36% (male 2,850,621/female 3,265,926)

55-64 years: 3.57% (male 321,417/female 423,016)

65 years and over: 3.16% (2020 est.) (male 284,838/female 374,057)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 87.9

youth dependency ratio: 83.4

elderly dependency ratio: 4.5

potential support ratio: 22.1 (2020 est.)
Median age: total: 17.9 years

male: 17 years

female: 18.7 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.53% (2022 est.)
Birth rate: 33.57 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate: 7.71 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution:  Most of the population is located in the center and south. Nearly one-third of the population lives in cities. The capital and largest city is Ouagadougou (Ouaga), with a population of 1.8 million as shown in this population distribution map  (2019)Most of the population is located in the center and south. Nearly one-third of the population lives in cities. The capital and largest city is Ouagadougou (Ouaga), with a population of 1.8 million as shown in this population distribution map
Urbanization: urban population: 31.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population: 3.056 million OUAGADOUGOU (capital), 1.074 million Bobo-Dioulasso (2022)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.86 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.75 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female

total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 19.4 years (2010 est.)

note: median age at first birth among women 25-29
Maternal mortality ratio: 320 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 49.42 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 53.7 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 45.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 63.44 years

male: 61.63 years

female: 65.31 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate: 4.27 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: 30.1% (2020)
Drinking water source: improved: urban: 94.7% of population

rural: 71.3% of population

total: 78.5% of population

unimproved: urban: 5.3% of population

rural: 28.7% of population

total: 21.5% of population (2020 est.)
Current Health Expenditure: 5.5% (2019)
Physicians density: 0.09 physicians/1,000 population (2019)
Hospital bed density: 0.4 beds/1,000 population
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: 90.8% of population

rural: 37.7% of population

total: 54% of population

unimproved: urban: 9.2% of population

rural: 62.3% of population

total: 46% of population (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.7% (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 97,000 (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 3,300 (2020 est.)
Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: very high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria

water contact diseases: schistosomiasis

animal contact diseases: rabies

respiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitis

note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Burkina Faso is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 5.6% (2016)
Tobacco use: total: 14.3% (2020 est.)

male: 22.1% (2020 est.)

female: 6.4% (2020 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 16.4% (2019)
Education expenditures: 5.8% of GDP (2019 est.)
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 39.3%

male: 49.2%

female: 31% (2018)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 9 years

male: 9 years

female: 9 years (2020)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 8.6%

male: 8.9%

female: 8.4% (2019)

Topic: Environment
Environment - current issues: recent droughts and desertification severely affecting agricultural activities, population distribution, and the economy; overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation (2019)
Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban
Air pollutants: particulate matter emissions: 36.78 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 3.42 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 12.85 megatons (2020 est.)
Climate: three climate zones including a hot tropical savanna with a short rainy season in the southern half, a tropical hot semi-arid steppe climate typical of the Sahel region in the northern half, and small area of hot desert in the very north of the country bordering the Sahara Desertthree climate zones including a hot tropical savanna with a short rainy season in the southern half, a tropical hot semi-arid steppe climate typical of the Sahel region in the northern half, and small area of hot desert in the very north of the country bordering the Sahara Desert
Land use: agricultural land: 44.2% (2018 est.)

arable land: 22% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 37% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 21.93% (2018 est.)

forest: 19.3% (2018 est.)

other: 36.5% (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 31.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 4.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Revenue from forest resources: forest revenues: 4.54% of GDP (2018 est.)
Revenue from coal: coal revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: very high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria

water contact diseases: schistosomiasis

animal contact diseases: rabies

respiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitis

note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Burkina Faso is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine
Food insecurity: severe localized food insecurity: due to civil insecurity in the north - in the upcoming peak of the lean season, between June and August 2022, 2.6 million people are projected to face severe food insecurity; domestic cereal production in 2021 was estimated at a below-average level due to effects of adverse weather and the civil conflict, further aggravating conditions; in Centre-Nord and Sahel regions, insecurity continues to cause population displacements, further deteriorating the food security situation; a coup d’état on January 2022 is an additional factor that could increase civil insecurity and further stress food insecurity conditions (2022)
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 2,575,251 tons (2015 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually: 309,030 tons (2005 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 12% (2005 est.)
Major rivers (by length in km): Volta river source (shared with Ghana [m]) - 1,600 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km), Volta (410,991 sq km)
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 375.6 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

industrial: 21.7 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

agricultural: 420.7 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 13.5 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Topic: Government
Country name: conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Burkina Faso

local long form: none

local short form: Burkina Faso

former: Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta

etymology: name translates as "Land of the Honest (Incorruptible) Men"
Government type: presidential republic
Capital: name: Ouagadougou

geographic coordinates: 12 22 N, 1 31 W

time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: Ouagadougou is a Francophone spelling of the native name "Wogodogo," meaning "where people get honor and respect"
Administrative divisions: 13 regions; Boucle du Mouhoun, Cascades, Centre, Centre-Est, Centre-Nord, Centre-Ouest, Centre-Sud, Est, Hauts-Bassins, Nord, Plateau-Central, Sahel, Sud-Ouest
Independence: 5 August 1960 (from France)
National holiday: Republic Day, 11 December (1958); note - commemorates the day that Upper Volta became an autonomous republic in the French Community
Constitution: history: several previous; latest approved by referendum 2 June 1991, adopted 11 June 1991, temporarily suspended late October to mid-November 2014; initial draft of a new constitution to usher in the new republic was completed in January 2017 and a final draft was submitted to the government in December 2017; a constitutional referendum originally scheduled for adoption in March 2019 was postponed; on 1 March 2022 a transition charter was adopted, allowing military authorities to rule for three years and barring transitional President Lt. Col. Paul-Henri Sandaogo DAMIBA from being an electoral candidate after the transition

amendments: proposed by the president, by a majority of National Assembly membership, or by petition of at least 30,000 eligible voters submitted to the Assembly; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote in the Assembly; failure to meet that threshold requires majority voter approval in a referendum; constitutional provisions on the form of government, the multiparty system, and national sovereignty cannot be amended; amended several times
Legal system: civil law based on the French model and customary law; in mid-2019, the National Assembly amended the penal code
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Burkina Faso

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: transitional President Lt. Col. Paul-Henri Sandaogo DAMIBA (since 2 February 2022); note - on 24 January 2022, a military junta led by DAMIBA, leader of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration, took power and ousted President Roch Marc Christian KABORE

head of government: Prime Minister Albert OUEDRAOGO (since 3 March 2022); note - transitional President Lt. Col. DAMIBA appointed OUEDRAOGO Prime Minister on 3 March 2022; the position had been vacant since 24 January 2022 when the military ousted former Prime Minister Lassina ZERBO

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections/appointments: president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second); last held on 22 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025); prime minister appointed by the president with consent of the National Assembly; note - on 1 March 2022 a transition charter was adopted, allowing military authorities to rule for three years and barring transitional President Lt. Col. Paul-Henri Sandaogo DAMIBA from being an electoral candidate after the transition.

election results: 2020: Roch Marc Christian KABORE reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Roch Marc Christian KABORE (MPP) 57.9%, Eddie KOMBOIGO (CDP) 15.5%, Zephirin DIABRE (UPC)12.5%, other 14.1%

2015: Roch Marc Christian KABORE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Roch Marc Christian KABORE (MPP) 53.5%, Zephirin DIABRE (UPC) 29.6%, Tahirou BARRY (PAREN) 3.1%, Benewende Stanislas SANKARA (UNIR-MS) 2.8%, other 10.9%
Legislative branch: description: unicameral National Assembly (127 seats; 111 members directly elected in 13 multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote and 26 members elected in a nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; all member serve 5-year terms)

elections: last held on 22 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025)

election results: percent of vote by party - MPP 34.6%, CDP 13.3%, UPC 10.2%, NTD 5.6%, other 36.3%; seats by party - MPP 56, CDP 20, NTD 13, UPC 12, other 26; composition as of October 2021 - men 119, women 8, percent of women 6.3%
Judicial branch: highest courts: Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (consists of NA judges); Council of State (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel (consists of the council president and 9 members)

judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judge appointments mostly controlled by the president of Burkina Faso; judges have no term limits; Council of State judge appointment and tenure NA; Constitutional Council judges appointed by the president of Burkina Faso upon the proposal of the minister of justice and the president of the National Assembly; judges appointed for 9-year terms with one-third of membership renewed every 3 years

subordinate courts: Appeals Court; High Court; first instance tribunals; district courts; specialized courts relating to issues of labor, children, and juveniles; village (customary) courts
Political parties and leaders: African Democratic Rally/Alliance for Democracy and Federation or ADF/RDA [Gilbert Noel OUEDRAOGO]
African People’s Movement or MAP [Victorien TOUGOUMA]
Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Eddie KOMBOIGO]
Le Faso Autrement [Ablasse OUEDRAOGO]
New Alliance of the Faso or NAFA [Rasmane OUEGRAOGO]
New Time for Democracy or NTD [Vincent DABILGOU]
Organization for Democracy and Work or ODT [Anatole BONKOUNGOU]
Party for Development and Change or PDC [Aziz SEREME]
Party for Democracy and Progress-Socialist Party or PDP-PS [Drabo TORO]
Party for Democracy and Socialism/Metba or PDS/Metba [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]
Party for National Renaissance or PAREN [Michel BERE]
People's Movement for Progress or MPP [Roch Marc Christian KABORE]
Rally for Democracy and Socialism or RDS [Francois OUEDRAOGO]
Rally for the Development of Burkina or RDB [Celestin Saidou COMPAORE]
Rally of Ecologists of Burkina Faso or RDEB [Adama SERE]
Soleil d’Avenir [Abdoulaye SOMA]
Union for a New Burkina or UBN [Diemdioda DICKO]
Union for Progress and Change or UPC [Zephirin DIABRE]
Union for Rebirth - Sankarist Party or UNIR-MS [Benewende Stanislas SANKARA]
Union for the Republic or UPR [Toussaint Abel COULIBALY]
Youth Alliance for the Republic and Independence or AJIR [Adama KANAZOE]
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Charge d'Affaires Boulmonli Leonard LOMBO (since 15 April 2022)

chancery: 2340 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 332-5577

FAX: [1] (202) 667-1882

email address and website:
contact@burkina-usa.org

https://burkina-usa.org/
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Sandra E. CLARK (since 25 September 2020)

embassy: Secteur 15, Ouaga 2000, Avenue Sembene Ousmane, Rue 15.873, Ouagadougou

mailing address: 2440 Ouagadougou Place, Washington, DC  20521-2440

telephone: (226) 25-49-53-00

FAX: (226) 25-49-56-23

email address and website:
ouagaACS@state.gov

https://bf.usembassy.gov/
Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center; red recalls the country's struggle for independence, green is for hope and abundance, and yellow represents the country's mineral wealth

note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia
National symbol(s): white stallion; national colors: red, yellow, green
National anthem: name: "Le Ditanye" (Anthem of Victory)

lyrics/music: Thomas SANKARA

note: adopted 1974; also known as "Une Seule Nuit" (One Single Night); written by the country's former president, an avid guitar player
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 3 (2 cultural, 1 natural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Ruins of Loropéni (c); Ancient Ferrous Metallurgy Sites (c); W-Arly-Pendjari Complex (n)

Topic: Economy
Economic overview: Burkina Faso is a poor, landlocked country that depends on adequate rainfall. Irregular patterns of rainfall, poor soil, and the lack of adequate communications and other infrastructure contribute to the economy’s vulnerability to external shocks. About 80% of the population is engaged in subsistence farming and cotton is the main cash crop. The country has few natural resources and a weak industrial base.   Cotton and gold are Burkina Faso’s key exports - gold has accounted for about three-quarters of the country’s total export revenues. Burkina Faso’s economic growth and revenue depends largely on production levels and global prices for the two commodities. The country has seen an upswing in gold exploration, production, and exports.   In 2016, the government adopted a new development strategy, set forth in the 2016-2020 National Plan for Economic and Social Development, that aims to reduce poverty, build human capital, and to satisfy basic needs. A new three-year IMF program (2018-2020), approved in 2018, will allow the government to reduce the budget deficit and preserve critical spending on social services and priority public investments.   While the end of the political crisis has allowed Burkina Faso’s economy to resume positive growth, the country’s fragile security situation could put these gains at risk. Political insecurity in neighboring Mali, unreliable energy supplies, and poor transportation links pose long-term challenges.Burkina Faso is a poor, landlocked country that depends on adequate rainfall. Irregular patterns of rainfall, poor soil, and the lack of adequate communications and other infrastructure contribute to the economy’s vulnerability to external shocks. About 80% of the population is engaged in subsistence farming and cotton is the main cash crop. The country has few natural resources and a weak industrial base. Cotton and gold are Burkina Faso’s key exports - gold has accounted for about three-quarters of the country’s total export revenues. Burkina Faso’s economic growth and revenue depends largely on production levels and global prices for the two commodities. The country has seen an upswing in gold exploration, production, and exports. In 2016, the government adopted a new development strategy, set forth in the 2016-2020 National Plan for Economic and Social Development, that aims to reduce poverty, build human capital, and to satisfy basic needs. A new three-year IMF program (2018-2020), approved in 2018, will allow the government to reduce the budget deficit and preserve critical spending on social services and priority public investments. While the end of the political crisis has allowed Burkina Faso’s economy to resume positive growth, the country’s fragile security situation could put these gains at risk. Political insecurity in neighboring Mali, unreliable energy supplies, and poor transportation links pose long-term challenges.
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $45.16 billion (2020 est.)

$44.27 billion (2019 est.)

$41.88 billion (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
Real GDP growth rate: 6.4% (2017 est.)

5.9% (2016 est.)

3.9% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita: $2,200 (2020 est.)

$2,200 (2019 est.)

$2,100 (2018 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): $14.271 billion (2018 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): -3.2% (2019 est.)

1.9% (2018 est.)

1.4% (2017 est.)
Credit ratings: Standard & Poors rating: B (2017)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 31% (2017 est.)

industry: 23.9% (2017 est.)

services: 44.9% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 56.5% (2017 est.)

government consumption: 23.9% (2017 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 24.6% (2017 est.)

investment in inventories: 1% (2017 est.)

exports of goods and services: 28.4% (2017 est.)

imports of goods and services: -34.4% (2017 est.)
Agricultural products: sorghum, maize, millet, cotton, cow peas, sugar cane, groundnuts, rice, sesame seed, vegetables
Industries: cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold
Industrial production growth rate: 10.4% (2017 est.)
Labor force: 8.501 million (2016 est.)

note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 90%

industry and services: 10% (2000 est.)
Unemployment rate: 77% (2004)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 8.6%

male: 8.9%

female: 8.4% (2019)
Population below poverty line: 41.4% (2018 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 35.3 (2014 est.)

48.2 (1994)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.9%

highest 10%: 32.2% (2009 est.)
Budget: revenues: 2.666 billion (2017 est.)

expenditures: 3.655 billion (2017 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -7.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Public debt: 38.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

38.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Taxes and other revenues: 21.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Current account balance: -$1.019 billion (2017 est.)

-$820 million (2016 est.)
Exports: $4.47 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$4.51 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners: Switzerland 59%, India 21% (2019)
Exports - commodities: gold, cotton, zinc, cashews, sesame seeds (2019)
Imports: $5.02 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$5.17 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$5.3 billion (2017 est.)
Imports - partners: Cote d'Ivoire 15%, China 9%, Ghana 8%, France 8%, India 6%, United States 5% (2019)
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, delivery trucks, packaged medicines, electricity, aircraft (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $49 million (31 December 2017 est.)

$50.9 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Debt - external: $3.056 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$2.88 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -

605.3 (2017 est.)

593.01 (2016 est.)

593.01 (2015 est.)

591.45 (2014 est.)

494.42 (2013 est.)

Topic: Energy
Electricity access: electrification - total population: 22% (2019)

electrification - urban areas: 69% (2019)

electrification - rural areas: 2% (2019)
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 392,000 kW (2020 est.)

consumption: 2,033,520,000 kWh (2019 est.)

exports: 0 kWh (2019 est.)

imports: 600 million kWh (2019 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 248 million kWh (2019 est.)
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 89.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

solar: 3.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

hydroelectricity: 6.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

biomass and waste: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Coal: production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 30,800 bbl/day (2019 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 barrels/day (2018 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 23,580 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas: production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 4.444 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 4.444 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: 3.23 million Btu/person (2019 est.)

Topic: Communications
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 75,039 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2020 est.) less than 1
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 22,117,218 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 106 (2020 est.)
Telecommunication systems: general assessment: Burkina Faso’s telecom sector in recent years has made some gains in providing the necessary infrastructure and bandwidth to support telecom services; an IXP completed in September 2020 increased international bandwidth capacity by a third, while in mid-2021 the government was able to start the second phase of a national fiber backbone project; this will link the capital city to an addition 145 municipalities, and provide additional connectivity to terrestrial cables in neighboring countries; this new infrastructure is also making it possible for the government to trial tele medicine, and so address the very poor availability of medical services in almost all parts of the country; the activities of the militants in side areas of the country jeopardize overall security, and render it difficult for the telcos to safeguard their networks and equipment; Burkina Faso joins G5 Sahel countries to eliminate roaming fees (2022)

domestic: fixed-line connections stand at less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage nearly 106 per 100, with multiple providers there is competition and the hope for growth from a low base; Internet penetration is 16% (2020)

international: country code - 226; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
Broadcast media: since the official inauguration of Terrestrial Digital Television (TNT) in December 2017, Burkina Faso now has 14 digital TV channels among which 2 are state-owned; there are more than 140 radio stations (commercial, religious, community) available throughout the country including a national and regional state-owned network; the state-owned Radio Burkina and the private Radio Omega are among the most widespread stations and both include broadcasts in French and local languages (2019)
Internet country code: .bf
Internet users: total: 4,598,721 (2020 est.)

percent of population: 22% (2020 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 13,979 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.1 (2020 est.)

Topic: Transportation
National air transport system: number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 3

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 151,531 (2018)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 100,000 (2018) mt-km
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: XT
Airports: total: 23 (2021)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 2

over 3,047 m: 1

2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2021)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 21

1,524 to 2,437 m: 3

914 to 1,523 m: 13

under 914 m: 5 (2021)
Railways: total: 622 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 622 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

note: another 660 km of this railway extends into Cote d'Ivoire
Roadways: total: 15,304 km (2014)

paved: 3,642 km (2014)

unpaved: 11,662 km (2014)

Topic: Military and Security
Military and security forces: Armed Forces of Burkina Faso (FABF): Army of Burkina Faso (L’Armee de Terre, LAT), Air Force of Burkina Faso (Force Aerienne de Burkina Faso, FABF), National Gendarmerie; Volunteers for the Defense of the Fatherland (VDP) (2022)

note 1: the National Gendarmerie officially reports to the Ministry of Defense, but usually operates in support of the Ministry of Security and the Ministry of Justice; Gendarmerie troops are typically integrated with Army forces in anti-terrorism operations

note 2: the VDP is a civilian defense force established in 2019 to act as auxiliaries to the Army in the fight against militants; the volunteers receive two weeks of training and typically assist with carrying out surveillance, information-gathering, and escort duties
Military expenditures: 2.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

2.4% of GDP (2020 est.)

2.2% of GDP (2019 est.) (approximately $450 million)

1.9% of GDP (2018 est.) (approximately $370 million)

1.4% of GDP (2017 est.) (approximately $260 million)
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 12,000 personnel (7,000 Army; 500 Air Force; 4,500 National Gendarmerie) (2022)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the FABF has a mix of foreign-supplied weapons; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of mostly donated second-hand equipment from a variety of countries (2022)
Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women may serve in supporting roles (2021)
Military deployments: 650 (plus about 180 police) Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)

note: Burkina Faso is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G4 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; as of 2020, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US
Military - note: including the most recent in January 2022, the military has conducted seven coups since 1960; as of 2022, the military was also actively engaged in combat operations with terrorist groups linked to al-Qa'ida and ISIS, particularly in the northern and eastern regions; in the north, the terrorist group Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) has exploited ethnic tensions and perceptions of state neglect, as well as grievances over corruption, patronage politics, social stratification, and land disputes; the east is reportedly a stronghold of the Islamic State-Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) terrorist group (2022)

Topic: Terrorism
Terrorist group(s): Ansarul Islam; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS); al-Mulathamun Battalion (al-Mourabitoun); Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM)

note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T

Topic: Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: adding to illicit cross-border activities, Burkina Faso has issues concerning unresolved boundary alignments with its neighbors; demarcation is currently underway with Mali; the dispute with Niger was referred to the ICJ in 2010, and a dispute over several villages with Benin persists; Benin retains a border dispute with Burkina Faso around the town of Koualau/Kourouadding to illicit cross-border activities, Burkina Faso has issues concerning unresolved boundary alignments with its neighbors; demarcation is currently underway with Mali; the dispute with Niger was referred to the ICJ in 2010, and a dispute over several villages with Benin persists; Benin retains a border dispute with Burkina Faso around the town of Koualau/Kourou
Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 24,756 (Mali) (2022)

IDPs: 1,850,293 (2022)1,850,293 (2022)