## C. VALERII CATULLI CARMEN 66: A CRITICAL EDITION WITH INTRODUCTION, TRANSLATION AND TEXTUAL COMMENTARY

By Kristoffer Maribo Engell Larsen

Summary: This article presents a new critical edition of Catullus' Carmen 66 along with an introduction, a translation and a textual commentary. The text, based on fresh collations of the manuscripts O and G , deviates from the Oxford text by R.A.B. Mynors in 27 cases. Furthermore, it is the first edition to consider the conventional first two lines of Catullus 67 as the last two lines of Catullus 66, an idea independently conjectured by Alex Agnesini in 2011 and Ian Du Quesnay in 2012. 1

## 1. INTRODUCTION

This article presents a new critical edition of Catullus' Carmen 66 with an introduction, a translation and a textual commentary. The introduction is divided into five sections. The first section gives a brief survey of the textual transmission of Catullus from the fourteenth to the twentieth century. The second section provides more detailed information on the three principal manuscripts of Catullus, O , G and R . In the third section I describe my editorial principles. The fourth section presents a stemma, a description of sigla codicum and a bibliography of the works mentioned

- 1 This article is a slightly revised version of a paper I wrote in 2016 at Corpus Christi College, University of Oxford. I am immensely grateful to my supervisor, Professor Stephen Harrison, for his generous help and supervision.

in my apparatus criticus . Finally, in the fifth section I list my 27 deviations from R.A.B. Mynors' Oxford edition (corrected reprint, 1960) which I take to be the standard edition of Catullus in the English-speaking world. The translation is meant to express my understanding of the sense of the poem as  closely  as  possible.  I  have  therefore  chosen  to  translate  the poem into prose rather than within the metrical restrictions of verse. In the  textual  commentary  I  explain  the  reasons  behind  my  choice  of  a broad selection of readings. All translations from Latin and Greek into English are my own.

## 1.1 THE TEXTUAL TRANSMISSION OF CATULLUS

The textual transmission of Catullus' poetry is almost uniquely sparse and famously corrupt. 2 From late Antiquity until the fourteenth century Catullus has not left many traces. 3 One of the few and very significant traces  is  the  Carolingian  manuscript T ( Codex  Thuaneus after  its  sixteenth-century owner Jacques-Auguste de Thou), a late ninth-century florilegium which includes 66 lines of poem 62. T is the oldest direct witness we possess to Catullus' poetry; but since the manuscript does not contain Catullus 66 I do not make use of it in this paper.

Shortly after 1300 an extant manuscript of Catullus was discovered in Verona; but by the end of the century it had disappeared again, a fate shared by numerous codices in that period. 4 This manuscript, commonly referred to as V ( Codex Veronensis from its place of discovery), is consid-

- 2 Propertius seems to be the only other major Latin poet with an equally sparse and corrupt transmission. For convenient surveys see Tarrant 1983a: 43-45 (on Catullus) and 1983b: 324-26 (on Propertius).
- 4 Cf. Reynolds & Wilson 2013: 141: 'the humanists also had a capacity for losing manuscripts. Once they had carefully copied a text, they were liable to have little interest in the manuscript which had preserved it.'
- 3 For recent accounts of the reception of Catullus from Antiquity to the fourteenth century see Kiss 2015a: xiii-xvii; Gaisser 2009: 166-75; 1993: 1-18; Butrica 2007: 15-30. Ullman 1960: 1028-38 gives a comprehensive survey of the scattered reception of Catullus in medieval writers.

ered the pre-archetype of all the preserved extant manuscripts of Catullus. 5 Its rediscovery is famously described in an enigmatic epigram probably written between 1303 and 1307 by the Vincentine notary Benvenuto dei Campesani (1250-1323). 6

Before the disappearance of V , the equally lost A was presumably copied directly from it. A is considered the archetype of the manuscripts O ( Codex Oxoniensis from its current location), undated but from approximately 1360, and X , now also lost. By the end of the fourteenth century the manuscripts G ( Codex Sangermanensis after its former location), dated to 1375, and R ( Codex Romanus of the Vatican Library), c. 1390, were copied from X . R was copied for the influential Florentine chancellor Coluccio Salutati, whose hand, identified as R 2 , has added 133 variant readings to the manuscript. 7 In comparison, G contains 93 variant readings ( G 1 , the hand of the scribe, and G 2 , a later hand), while O does not contain any. The three late fourteenth-century manuscripts OGR , all written in Northern Italy, constitute our principal extant witnesses to the text of Catullus. I will describe these manuscripts in further detail in section two of this introduction.

- 5 D.S. McKie was the first to suggest the existence of a manuscript between V and OX in his doctoral dissertation (Cambridge 1977). McKie's unpublished dissertation has not been available to me, but his view of V as the pre-archetype and A as the archetype of OX is widely accepted. See recently Kiss 2015a: xviii and Trappes-Lomax 2007: 16.
- 7 Ullman 1960: 1040: 'The ownership is attested by Coluccio's peculiar pressmark on fol. 1: '71 carte 39', the word carte standing for chartae , leaves or folios, the number before it being the number in Coluccio's library, apparently. This same type of entry appears in most of Coluccio's books, of which I have seen well over one hundred.'
- 6 The epigram, preserved in the fourteenth-century manuscripts G and R , runs as follows (the codex is the narrator): Ad patriam uenio longis a finibus exul. / Causa mei reditus compatriota fuit, / scilicet a calamis tribuit cui Francia nomen, / quique notat turbe pretereuntis iter. / Quo licet ingenio uestrum celebrate Catullum, / cuius sub modio clausa papirus erat ; 'As an exile I arrive to my fatherland from distant borders. / The cause of my return has been a fellow-citizen, / that is, a man to whom France has given her name on account of his writing, / and who notes the journey of the crowd that passes by. / Thanks to his intelligence you may celebrate your Catullus, / whose papyrus has been shut beneath a bushel.' See Kiss 2015b: 2-6 for a recent discussion of the epigram.

Catullus' poetry might have been rediscovered in the fourteenth century; but his poems were in a very poor condition. The corrupt state of the  manuscript  tradition  was  a  source  of  frustration  for  its  earliest scribes. Thus, the scribe of G wrote an apology to the reader on the last page of his edition (folio 36r). Whether the scribe formulated the complaint himself or copied it from X is not entirely clear; 8 but it certainly bears witness to just how poorly preserved Catullus' poetry was in the century of its rediscovery:

Tu lector quicumque ad cuius manus hic libellus obvenerit Scriptori da veniam si tibi cor[r]eptus videtur. Quoniam a corruptissimo exemplari transcripsit. Non enim quodpiam aliud extabat, unde posset libelli huius habere copiam exemplandi. Et ut ex ipso salebroso aliquid tamen sugge[re]ret decrevit pocius tamen cor[r]uptum habere quam omnino carere. Sperans adhuc ab aliquo alio fortuito emergente hunc posse cor[r]igere. Valebis se ei imprecatus non fueris. 9

During the fifteenth century a considerable amount of manuscripts were copied from R , a few were copied from G , while none were copied from O . The fertility of R is probably explained by Coluccio Salutati's influential position in the Italian cultural classes. 10 Of these manuscripts, commonly known as the codices recentiores ,  more than 120 are identified. 11

- 8 Thomson 1997: 32 argues with reference to McKie's unpublished dissertation (Cambridge 1977) somewhat convincingly that the unscholarly scribe of G can hardly be the author of the complaint.
- 10  Kiss 2015b: 14. Kiss further suggests that O 'may have seemed a hopelessly corrupt manuscript of Catullus rather than one of the best ones available, so there seems to have been no reason to copy it.'
- 9 'You, the reader into whose hands this little book has come, please excuse the scribe, if the book will seem corrupt to you. For he has transcribed it from a highly corrupt exemplar. There did not exist anything else, from which he could have had the opportunity to copy this book. And in order to take anything out of this rough exemplar he decided that it was better to have it in a corrupt condition than to lack it altogether, in the hope that another copy might emerge from which he could correct it. Farewell, if you will not curse him.'
- 11  For a recent study of the codices recentiores see Kiss 2015b and 2015c, where the manuscripts are numbered and listed.

Due to the corrupt state of the manuscript tradition the scribes usually compared and added readings from other manuscripts, which resulted in a high degree of contamination. Accordingly, the codices recentiores do not seem to contribute significant information on Catullus' textual transmission. Their chief and very significant contribution lies in their conjectures and emendations, to which the apparatus criticus of every modern edition of Catullus bears solid witness.

As in many other fields of classical philology, Catullan studies flourished in the nineteenth century, and another great age of Catullan conjectures arose. 15 My present edition of Catullus 66 has benefited greatly from conjectures by scholars such as Emil Baehrens (1848-1888), Theodor Heyse (1803-1884) and Karl Lachmann (1793-1851). The nineteenth century also saw the revival of the principal manuscripts OGR and the first employment of O and G in critical editions. Ludwig Schwabe (1866) was the first editor to base his text on G , while O was rediscovered in the Bodleian Library and presented by Robinson Ellis (1867), who famously failed to acknowledge its importance. Emil Baehrens (1876) was the first editor to make full use of the manuscript in his edition. Finally, R was rediscovered in the Vatican Library by William Gardner Hale in 1896. 16 But it was

The great age of Catullan conjectures, however, arose in the subsequent centuries. After the publication of the Venice editio princeps in 1472 manuscripts quickly stopped being copied. Instead, humanist scholars began producing commentaries and emending the corrupt text. 12 The vigorous activities of these Renaissance humanists can hardly be overestimated. 13 Numerous conjectures of theirs are today accepted readings; and even when they are wrong, their conjectures can be of great help in showing the modern reader and editor where the paradosis might be corrupt. 14

12  Gaisser 1992: 207-16.

14  This principle applies to conjectures in general. Cf. Nisbet 1991: 70, 75.

13  Cf. Reynolds & Wilson 2013: 142 on the fifteenth-century humanists: 'A glance at the apparatus criticus of many classical texts - Catullus is a good example - will show how frequently scholars of this period were able to correct errors in the tradition.'

15  Goold 1983: 12 counts 147 corrections to the text made in the nineteenth century compared to 37 in the seventeenth and 16 in the eighteenth.

16  Hale 1896.

not until the middle of the twentieth century that the relationship between OGR was fully realised and utilised in a critical edition, namely R.A.B. Mynors' edition from 1958. 17

The  twentieth  century  has  seen  ten  critical  editions  of  Catullus' opera , 18 and  several  editions  devoted  to  single  poems. 19 Additionally, Robin Nisbet's seminal article 'Notes on the Text and Interpretation of Catullus' (1978) has inspired a new wave of conjectures and revivals of forgotten conjectures on Catullus. This conjectural activity has in recent years been greatly helped by Dániel Kiss' online repertory of conjectures on Catullus, which has also made high resolution digital images of O and G available to its readers. 20 However, two important tasks on the text of Catullus still need to be done. First, there is a need for a new critical edition of Catullus, which employs more conjectural solutions than usual in the text and apparatus criticus . 21 Secondly, the codices recentiores need to be further identified, analysed and put into a stemma . Dániel Kiss is currently working on the codices recentiores ; and I hope that with this edition of Catullus 66 I may be able to demonstrate, however modestly, some of the editorial principles from which a future edition of Catullus might benefit.

- 17  Cf. the review of Goold 1958: 95. Ellis 1902 and Kroll 1928 use OGR in their editions but do not recognize the importance of R . See also description of the sigla codicum in Cazzaniga 1941: xv [unnumbered page], who does not recognize R as a descendant of V .
- 19  For instance Harrison 2004, a text and translation of Catullus 63; Marinone 1997, a double edition of Catullus 66 and Callimachus fr. 110. In addition, Gail Trimble has an edition of Catullus 64 coming through the Cambridge University Press.
- 18  Thomson 1978 (revised 1997); Goold 1983; Eisenhut 1958 (new edition 1983); Bardon 1970 (revised 1973); Mynors 1958 (revised 1960); Schuster 1949; Cazzaniga 1941; Kroll 1923; Lafaye 1922; Ellis 1904.
- 20  Kiss 2013.
- 21  Further elaboration and documentation in section 1.3 of this paper.

## 1.2. THE PRINCIPAL MANUSCRIPTS OF CATULLUS 66 ( OGR ):

-  O ( Oxoniensis Canonicianus class. lat. 30 in the Bodleian Library)

The Codex Oxoniensis is the oldest of the three principal manuscripts. It was probably written in Venice in 1360. The manuscript is written on parchment in Italian Gothic minuscule, also known as Rotunda .  Its  unknown scribe is considered to have been a competent copyist but a poor Latinist. 22 The scribe appears to have focused more on the layout of his codex than on the text itself. 23 As a result O does not contain any of the variant readings assumed to have been present in V . 24

O is not known to have left any descendants. The manuscript was rediscovered at the Bodleian Library in 1867 by Robinson Ellis, who did not recognize  the  importance  of  his  discovery.  In  1876  Emil  Baehrens acknowledged the importance of O , which he used as the foundation of his text alongside the manuscript G .

-  G ( Parisinus lat. 14137 in the Bibliothèque National de France)

The Codex  Sangermanensis is  the  second  oldest  of  the  principal  manuscripts. It was written in 1375, most likely in Verona. 25 Its scribe has been identified as Antonio da Legnago, who wrote the manuscript on parchment in Italian Gothic minuscule and added a few titles and marginal readings to the text, which he otherwise left unfinished. The other variant readings in G are by a later scribe, commonly referred to as G 2 , who

22  Cf. Mynors 1958: v: (O), optime scriptus ab homine uix satis docto, sedulo tamen ac modesto, et qui saepe quod non intellexisset describere mallet quam textum coniecturis sollicitare (' (O) , written perfectly well by a scarcely learned, though diligent and moderate man, who often prefers to copy what he does not understand, rather than disturbing his text with conjectures').

24  Cf. Trappes-Lomax 2007: 16.

- 23  Thomson 1997: 28-29.

25  Parisinus lat. 14137 (= G ), fol. 36r: 1375 mensis octobris 19 ('19 October 1375').

took the readings from the manuscript m , an early copy of R . 26 Seven of the 93 variants are on poem 66. 27

G is held to have been copied from the lost manuscript X , a brother of O . C.I. Sillig (1830) was the first modern editor to make use of G , but the manuscript was not used properly until Schwabe's edition in 1866.

##  R ( Ottobonianus lat. 1829 in the Vatican Library)

The Codex Romanus is the brother of G , copied for the Florentine chancellor Coluccio Salutati, probably in 1390. Like its brother, R was copied from the lost codex X , the brother of O , and like O and G the manuscript is written  on  parchment  in  Italian  Gothic  minuscule.  The  hand  of  Coluccio Salutati, commonly referred to as R 2 , has added 133 variant readings to the manuscript. 17 of these variants are on poem 66. 28

R was  dramatically  rediscovered  by  William  Gardner  Hale  in  1896 when he realized that the Vatican Library had miscatalogued the manuscript. Hale never managed to publish a full collation of R , which was instead published by D.F.S. Thomson in 1970. The first editor to make use of R was Ellis in 1902, but the importance of R was not acknowledged properly until Mynors' edition in 1958.

## 1.3. EDITORIAL PRINCIPLES

In 2000 Stephen Harrison published an article on the need for a new text of Catullus. In Harrison's view the existing editions of Catullus are too reluctant to emend the text and present too few alternative readings in

26  See McKie 1989 on the manuscript m .

- 28  66.5 (sublimia / al. sublamia uel sublimina), 66.21 (et / al. at), 66.24 (nunc / al. tunc), 66.29 (mictens / mittens), 66.29 (que / quae [que]), 66.35 (sed / al. si), 66.45 (atque / al. cumque), 66.48 (celitum / al. celorum, al. celtum), 66.53 (mutantibus / nutantibus), 66.54 (asineos / al. arsinoes), 66.56 (aduolat / al. collocat), 66.57 (ciphiritis / al. zyphiritis), 66.63 (uindulum / uuidulum), 66.71 (parce / pace), 66.74 (qui / al. quin), 66.79 (quem / al. quam), 66.86 (indigetis / al. indignis, al. indignatis). Cf. the collation of Thomson 1970: 13.

27  66.21 (Et / al. at), 66.24 (nunc / al. tunc), 66.35 (Sed / al. si), 66.54 (asinoes / arsinoes), 66.55 (-que / al. quia), 66.56 (aduolat / al. collocat), 66.57 (legerat / al. legarat).

their apparatus. 29 Harrison argued that, since the textual transmission of Catullus is considerably flawed, there is a greater need than usual for conjectures in the text and for alternative readings in the apparatus. The only edition of Catullus that meets the demands for emending the text, Goold's text from 1983, does not supply an apparatus. Accordingly, the ideal text should combine the conjectural boldness of Goold with an extensive and conjecturally informative apparatus. Harrison summarised his views by suggesting three editorial principles: 30

1. The text should have an apparatus criticus which is free of minor orthographical variants. Since the apparatus will already be more than usually extensive due to the mentioning of variant readings, recordings of orthographical variants without any bearing on the meaning should be avoided.
3. Due to the poor transmission of Catullus' poetry the text and the apparatus should contain more conjectural solutions than usual. Numerous conjectures worth mentioning have been made in the past; and there are still many unsolved problems and good conjectures to be made.
2. The apparatus should cite the three main manuscripts OGR singly rather than using the sigla V, X or A to indicate accordance between the manuscripts. OGR vary sufficiently at crucial points to make this a significant help to the reader.

I find these editorial principles convincing and I have strived to use them throughout my text. 31 In addition, I have applied Dániel Kiss' practice of

- 29  Harrison 2000: 66-70. The need for a new edition of Catullus has recently been repeated by Tarrant 2016: 147.
- 31  In contrast to Thomson 1997 I do not record minor orthographical variants and misspellings such as himeneo (O, line 11), assirios (OGR, line 12) and dissidium (GR, line 22). My employment of the two other editorial principles should be evident throughout my text and apparatus. My apparatus is positive rather than negative; for the distinction between these two styles see Tarrant 2016: 162-63.
- 30  Harrison 2000: 69-70. Tarrant 2016: 145 might be said to express these principles in general terms: 'A minimal definition of a satisfactory edition might be one that accurately reports the essential manuscript evidence and reflects the current state of thinking about a text well enough to provide a basis for further study.'

citing the codices recentiores individually rather than using collective sigla like Mynors and Thomson. 32 Since Kiss has identified and listed some 129 of the codices recentiores , 33 I believe that citing the manuscripts individually will be of great help to the reader who wishes to check the references given in the apparatus. I cite the manuscripts in accordance with Kiss' identification of them, and I list them in section 1.4.2 of this introduction. Finally, neither of the manuscripts O , G and R is considered decisively superior to the others in establishing the text of Catullus. When the manuscript readings differ, I therefore choose to print whichever reading (or conjecture) I find is of greatest merit. 34

The present edition is based on my own transcription and collation of the manuscripts O (fols. 28r-29v) and G (fols. 26v-27v) which are accessible in high resolution digital images on Dániel Kiss' Catullus Online. An Online Repertory of Conjectures on Catullus . 35 The manuscript R , located in the Vatican Library, has not been available to me. When referring to R I primarily rely on D.F.S. Thomson's collation of the manuscript; where I suspect that Thomson has collated incorrectly (for instance in lines 17, 18, 35, 82) I rely on the information given in Kiss' apparatus criticus . 36

- 32  Kiss 2013; Thomson 1997; Mynors 1958.
- 34  Cf. Tarrant 2016: 57 on the manuscripts: 'when G and R agree against O, the two readings have equal stemmatic value, and the reading of the archetype can only be ascertained  by  weighing  the  relative  merits  of  the  readings.'  See  also  TrappesLomax 2007: 1: 'There is only one criterion: si melius est, Catullianum est .'
- 33  Kiss 2015c.
- 35  Kiss 2013.
- 36  Thomson 1970; Kiss 2013.

## 1.4. STEMMA, SIGLA CODICUM AND WORKS MENTIONED IN THE APPARATUS CRITICUS

## 1.4.1 Stemma 37

V

<!-- image -->

## 1.4.2 Sigla codicum 38

O = Oxoniensis Bodleianus Canonicanus class. lat. 30

c.   1360

| G = Parisinus lat . 14137 G 2 = a later hand in G            | 1375      |
|--------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|
| R = Vaticanus Ottobonianus lat. 1829 R 2 = Coluccio Salutati | 1390      |
| MS 4 = Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Diez. B Sant. 37             | 1463      |
| MS 8 = Bologna, Bibliotheca Universitaria 2621               | 1412      |
| MS 28 = Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Magl. VII 1158        | 1460-1470 |
| MS 31 = Florence, Bibliotheca Riccardiana 606                | 1457      |
| MS 46 = London, British Library Add. 11915                   | 1460      |
| MS 52 = London, British Library Egerton 3027                 | 1467      |
| MS 59 = Milan, Biblioteca Nazionale di Brera AD xii 37       | 1450      |

- 37  I use the traditional sigla of the manuscripts, although they do not indicate that V , A and X are lost (cf. section 1.1).
- 38  The information on OGR is taken from Thomson 1997: 97; cf. Harrison 2004: 514. Information on manuscripts other than OGR is derived from Kiss 2015b: 173-77.

R

| MS 78 = Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France lat. 7989      | 1423      |
|----------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|
| MS 122 = Vicenza, Bibliotheca Civica Bertoliana G 2.8.12 (216) | 1460      |
| MS 129a = 'The Codex Tomacellianus', in private hands          | 1448-1458 |

## 1.4.3 Works mentioned in the apparatus criticus 39

- Agnesini, A. 2011. 'Catull. 67.1s.: incipit della ianua o explicit della coma ?' Paideia 66: 521-40.
- Avancius, H. 1495. Hieronymi Auancii Veronensis artium doctoris in Val. Catullum ... Venetiis.
- Ald. = Avancius, H. & A. Manutius. 1502. Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius . Venetiis.

Avancius, H. 1535.

Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius, Gallus restituti per Hierony-

- Baehrens, E. 1872. Analecta Catulliana . Ienae.

mum Avancium, Cardinali Farnesio dicantur ...

Venetiis.

- Baehrens, E. 1876. Catulli Veronensis Liber, Volumen I. Lipsiae.
- Calphurnius, J. 1481. [ Catulli, Tibulli, Propertii Carmina et Statii Siluae ], Vicentiae.
- Bentley, R. 1697. Notae ad Elegiam Catulli de Coma Berenices in T.J.G.F. Graevius (ed.) Callimachi Hymni, Epigrammata, et Fragmenta ... Ultrajecti, 43638.
- Canter, G. 1564. Gulielmi Canteri Ultraiectini Novarum Lectionum Libri Quattuor. Basileae.
- Ed. 1472 = [ Catulli, Tibulli, Propertii carmina et Statii Siluae , Venezia] - Catullus' editio  princeps ;  editor  identified  as  Hieronymus  Squarzaficus; printed by Vindelinus de Spira.
- Corradinus de Allio, J.F. 1738. Cajus Valerius Catullus in integrum restitutus, Venetiis.
- Friedrich, G. 1908. Catulli Veronensis liber . Lipsiae & Berolini.
- Guarinus,  A.  1521. Alexandri  Guarini  Ferrariensis  in  C.  V.  Catullum  Veronensem per Baptistam Patrem Emendatum Expositiones ... Venetiis.
- Gigli, A. 1880. I  carmi di C. Valerio Catullo Veronese novellamente espurgati, tradotti ed illustrati per uso delle scuole Italiane. Roma.
- Haupt, M. 1837. Quaestiones Catullianae. Lipsiae.
- 39  The bibliographical information is derived from Kiss 2013.

- Hertzberg, W.A.B. 1862. 'Anmerkungen' in W.A.B. Hertzberg & W.S. Teuffel Die  Gedichte  des  Catullus  in  den  Versmaßen  der  Urschrift  übersetzt . Stuttgart, 107-50.
- Lachmann,  K.  1829. Q.  Catulli  Veronensis  Liber  ex  recensione  Caroli  Lachmanni . Berolini.
- Heyse, T. 1855. Catulls Buch der Lieder in deutscher Nachbildung . Berlin.
- Larsen, K.M.E. 2017a. 'Catullus 66.53 and Virgil, Eclogues 5.5' CQ 67.1, 3047.
- Lenchantin de Gubernatis, M. 1928. Il libro di Catullo Veronese. Torino.
- Larsen, K.M.E. 2017b. 'Through the Airy Waves. Catullus 66.55' Mnemosyne 70, 521-24.
- Lobel, E. 1949 [on 66.78 in R. Pfeiffer (ed.) Callimachus . Vol. I. Fragmenta , Oxford, 121].
- McKie, D.S. 2009. Essays in the Interpretation of Roman Poetry. Cambridge.

Marcilius, T. 1604. In C. Valerium Catullum Asterismi . Parisiis.

- Muretus, M.A. 1554. Catullus. Et in eum commentarius M. Antonii Mureti . Venetiis.
- Owen, S.G. 1893. Catullus: with the Pervigilium Veneris . London.
- Nisbet, R.G.M. 1978. 'Notes on the Text of Catullus' PCPhS 204, 92-115.

Palladius, F. 1496. In Catullum commentarii. Venetiis .

- Pisanus, B. 1522 [marginal notes in a copy of Calphurnius 1481, now in Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Inc. Magl. A. 3. 39].
- Parthenius, A. 1485. In Catullum commentationes . Brixiae.
- Pleitner, K. 1876. Studien zu Catullus. Dillingen an der Donau.
- Postgate, J.P. 'Catulliana' JPh 17, 226-67.
- Politianus, A. 1472-94 [annotations in his copy of the editio  princeps of 1472, now in Rome].
- Puccius, F. 1502 [marginalia taken over from Puccius by Pisanus 1522].
- Rehm, B. 1934. 'Catull 66, 1 und der neue Kallimachosfund' Philologus 89, 385-86
- Puteolanus,  F.  1473. Val.  Catulli  Veronensis  poetae  doctissimi  liber  ad  Cornelium ... Parmae.
- Riese, A. 1884. Die Gedichte des Catullus . Leipzig.
- Schmidt, B. 1887. C. Valeri Catulli Veronensis Carmina ... Editio Maior. Lipsiae. Schrader, J. 1776. Liber Emendationum. Leovardiae .

- Skutsch, O. 1970. 'Zur Überlieferung und zum Text Catulls' Acta Philologica Aenipontana 3, 68-69.
- Trappes-Lomax, J.M. 2012. 'Further Thoughts in Catullus' Paideia 12, 63345.
- Statius, A. 1566. Catullus cum commentario Achillis Statii Lusitani . Venetiis. Trappes-Lomax, J.M. 2007. Catullus: A Textual Reappraisal . Swansea.
- Vossius, I. 1684. Cajus Valerius Catullus et in eum Isaaci Vossii observationes . [London].
- Zwierlein, O. 1987. 'Weihe und Entrückung der Locke der Berenike' RhM 130.3/4, 274-90.
- Watt, W.S. 1990. 'Notes on Three Latin Poets' CPh 85, 129-31.

## 1.5 Deviations from R.A.B. Mynors' edition (1960 2 )

Mynors (1960 2 ):

Larsen (2019):

| 1.     | dispexit Calphurnius   | despexit OGR                            |
|--------|------------------------|-----------------------------------------|
| 1.     | lumina OGR             | limina Rehm                             |
| 8.     | Beroniceo OGR          | Bereniceo 'codices omnes' teste Avancio |
| 9.     | multis OGR             | uotis McKie                             |
| 9.     | dearum OGR             | deorum MS 120                           |
| 11.    | nouo OGR               | nouis Aldine                            |
| 11.    | hymenaeo OGR           | hymenaeis Aldine                        |
| 12.    | iuerat ed. 1472        | ierat OGR                               |
| 17.    | intra OGR              | citra Nisbet                            |
| 21.    | et OGR                 | aut Hertzberg                           |
| 43.    | oris OGR               | orbe MS 44                              |
| 47.    | facient OGR            | faciant Puteolanus                      |
| 47.    | cedant OGR             | cedunt Harrison *                       |
| 53.    | nutantibus OGR 2       | motantibus Guarinus in comm.            |
| 55.    | aetherias OGR          | aerias Trappes-Lomax                    |
| 55.    | umbras OGR             | undas Zwierlein                         |
| 59.    | †hi dii uen ibi† OGR   | hic liquidi Friedrich                   |
| 74.    | ueri MS 31             | imi Nisbet                              |
| 77.    | dum OGR                | iam Harrison*                           |
| 77.    | fuit omnibus OGR       | muliebribus Skutsch                     |
| 83.    | casto OGR              | casti Gigli                             |
| 83.    | cubili OGR             | cubilis Gigli                           |
| 85.    | a OGR                  | uae Trappes-Lomax                       |
| 91.    | tuam Ald.              | tui Calphurnius                         |
| 93.    | utinam GR              | iterum ut Corradinus de Allio           |
| 94.    | fulgeret OGR           | fulguret 'codex antiquus' teste Avancio |
| 95-96. | om .                   | add. Agnesini                           |

## C. Valerii Catulli Carmen LXVI Coma Berenices

Omnia qui magni despexit limina mundi,

| qui stellarum ortus comperit atque obitus,                                     |    |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|
| flammeus ut rapidi solis nitor obscuretur, ut cedant certis sidera temporibus, |    |
| ut Triuiam furtim sub Latmia saxa relegans dulcis amor gyro deuocet aerio;     |  5 |
| idem me ille Conon caelesti in lumine uidit e Bereniceo uertice caesariem      |    |
| fulgentem clare, quam uotis illa deorum                                        |    |
| leuia protendens bracchia pollicita est,                                       | 10 |
| qua rex tempestate nouis auctus hymenaeis uastatum finis ierat Assyrios,       |    |
| dulcia nocturnae portans uestigia rixae, quam de uirgineis gesserat exuuiis.   |    |
| estne nouis nuptis odio Venus? anne parentum                                   | 15 |
| frustrantur falsis gaudia lacrimulis,                                          |    |
| ubertim thalami quas citra limina fundunt?                                     |    |
| non, ita me diui, uera gemunt, iuerint.                                        |    |

5

1  despexit OGR ,  dispexit Calpurnius 1481 ,  descripsit McKie 2009 limina Rehm 1934 , lumina OGR 2 obitus MS 59 1450, habitus OGR 4 certis GR , ceteris O 5 sub latmia MS 122 1460 ,  sublamina O ,  sublimia GR ( al. -lamia uel -limina R 2 ),  sublatmia Calphurnius  1481 relegans MS 122 1460 , religans OGR 6 gyro ed. 1472 , guioclero OGR 7 in lumine Vossius 1684 , numine OGR , lumine Canter 1564 , limine MS 46 1460 8 e bereniceo 'codices omnes' teste Avancio 1495 , ebore niceo OGR 9 uotis ... deorum McKie 2009, multis ... dearum OGR , cunctis ... deorum Haupt 1837 , templis ... deorum Pohl 1860 11 qua rex Puteolanus 1473 , quare ex OGR nouis  auctus  hymenaeis Ald.  1502 ,  nouo  auctus  hymeneo OGR ,  nouo  auctatus hymenaeo Goold 1969 12 uastatum MS 31 1457 , uastum OGR ierat OGR, iuerat ed. 1472 15 est ne OGR anne MS 52 1467 , atque OGR parentum OGR , maritum Schmidt 1887 16 falsis OGR , salsis Heyse 1855 17 ubertim GR , uberum O citra Nisbet 1978, intra OGR limina MS 31 1457 , lumina OGR 18 diui MS 78 1423 , diu OGR , di ut Statius 1566 iuerint ed. 1472 , iuuerint OGR

| id mea me multis docuit regina querelis inuisente nouo proelia torua uiro.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |   20 |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------|
| aut tu non orbum luxti deserta cubile, sed fratris cari flebile discidium? quam penitus maestas exedit cura medullas! ut tibi tunc toto pectore sollicitae sensibus ereptis mens excidit! at <te> ego certe cognoram a parua uirgine magnanimam.                                                                       |   25 |
| anne bonum oblita es facinus, quo regium adepta es coniugium, quod non fortior ausit alis? sed tum maesta uirum mittens quae uerba locuta es! Iuppiter, ut tristi lumina saepe manu! quis te mutauit tantus deus? an quod amantes non longe a caro corpore abesse uolunt? atque ibi me cunctis pro dulci coniuge diuis |   30 |
| non sine taurino sanguine pollicita es, si reditum tetulisset. is haud in tempore longo captam Asiam Aegypti finibus addiderat. quis ego pro factis caelesti reddita coetu pristina uota nouo munere dissoluo.                                                                                                         |   35 |
| inuita, o regina, tuo de uertice cessi, inuita: adiuro teque tuumque caput, digna ferat quod si quis inaniter adiurarit! sed qui se ferro postulet esse parem?                                                                                                                                                         |   40 |

21 aut Hertzberg 1862 , et OGR ( al. at G 2 R 2 ), an Puccius 1502 non GR , uno O 22 fratris GR ,  factis O 23 quam Bentley 1697 ,  cum OGR 24  tibi OR ,  ibi G tunc OG 2 R 2 ,  nunc GR sollicitae MS 122 1460 , solicitet OGR 25 te add. Avancius 1535 26 magnanimam MS 31 1457 , magnanima OGR 27 quo Puccius 1502 , quam OGR adepta es Calphurnius 1481 , adeptos O , adeptus GR 28 fortior GR , forcior O , fortius MS 129a 1450 ausit Puccius 1502 , aut sit OGR 29 tum GR , cum O 31 tantus OGR , tantum MSS recentiores , iterum coni. Schrader 1776 32 abesse OR , adesse G uolunt OGR , ualent Baehrens 1876 33 me cunctis Puccius 1502 , pro cunctis OR , pro cuncis G 34 taurino om. O 35 si G 2 R 2 , sed OGR tetulisset MS 28 1460-70 , te tulisset OGR haud Ald. 1502, aut OGR , haut Statius 1566 41 ferat quod GR , feratque O , feret quod Puccius 1502 adiurarit Ald. 1502 , adiuraret OGR

| ille quoque euersus mons est, quem maximum in orbe progenies Thiae clara superuehitur,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |   45 |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------|
| cum Medi peperere nouum mare, cumque iuuentus per medium classi barbara nauit Athon. quid faciant crines, cum ferro talia cedunt? Iuppiter, ut Chalybon omne genus pereat, et qui principio sub terra quaerere uenas institit ac ferri stringere duritiem! abiunctae paulo ante comae mea fata sorores lugebant, cum se Memnonis Aethiopis unigena impellens motantibus aera pennis obtulit Arsinoes Locridos ales equus, |   50 |
| isque per aerias me tollens auolat undas, et Veneris casto collocat in gremio.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |   55 |

43 quem GR , quae O maximum Puccius 1502 , maxima OGR orbe MS 44 1474 , oris OGR 44 Thiae dub. Vossius 1684, sine dub. Bentley 1697 , phitie O , phytie GR , Phthiae Parthenius 1485 45 cum RG 2 , tum OG peperere MS 122 1460 , propere OGR , rupere Guarinus 1521 in comm., iterum coni. Pleitner 1876 cumque OR 2 ,  atque GR 47 faciant Puteolanus 1473 (ῥέξωμεν Callimachus ),  facient OGR cedunt Harrison* (εἴκουσιν Callimachus ),  cedant OGR 48 Chalybon Politiano 1472-94 attributum (Χαλύβων Callimachus ), celerum O , celitum GR ( al. celorum R 2 , al. celtum R 2bis )    50 ferri MS 31 1457 , ferris OGR stringere Heyse 1855 , fingere O , fringere GR 51 fata GR, facta O 52 memnonis O , menonis GR 53 motantibus Guarinus 1521 in comm., iterum coni. Larsen 2017a , nutantibus OG , mutantibus R (nR 2 ), nictantibus Bentley 1697 54 arsinoes OG 2 R 2 , asinoes GR Locridos Bentley 1697 , elocridicos OGR ales MS 31 1457 ,  alis OGR 55  isque O ,  is  que GR ( al .  quia G 2 )        aerias ... undas Larsen 2017b , aethereas (-rias O ) ... umbras OGR , aerias ... umbras dub. Riese 1884, iterum coni. TrappesLomax 2012 , aetherias ... undas Zwierlein 1987 auolat O , aduolat GR ( al . collocat G 2 R 2 )     56 collocat O , aduolat GR 57 Ζεφυρῖτις Callimachus , cyphiritis OG , ciphiritis R (al. zyR 2 ) legarat O, legerat GR 58 Graia Lachmann 1829 (Graiia Baehrens 1874 ), Gracia O , Gratia GR , grata Ald. 1502 Canopitis Statius 1566 (Κανωπίτου Callimachus ), conopicis O , canopicis GR , canopeis Calphurnius 1481

| hic liquidi uario ne solum in lumine caeli ex Ariadnaeis aurea temporibus                                                                                                                                                                                  |   60 |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------|
| fixa corona foret, sed nos quoque fulgeremus, deuotae flaui uerticis exuuiae, uuidulam a fluctu cedentem ad templa deum me sidus in antiquis diua nouum posuit. Virginis et saeui contingens namque Leonis lumina, Callistoe iuncta Lycaoniae,             |   65 |
| uertor in occasum, tardum dux ante Booten, qui uix sero alto mergitur oceano. sed quamquam me nocte premunt uestigia diuum, lux autem canae Thetyi restituit;                                                                                              |   70 |
| (pace tua fari hic liceat, Rhamnusia uirgo, namque ego non ullo uera timore tegam, nec si me infestis discerpent sidera dictis, condita quin imi pectoris euoluam:) non his tam laetor rebus, quam me afore semper, afore me a dominae uertice discrucior, |   75 |

59 hic liquidi Friedrich 1908 , hi dii uen ibi OGR , inde Venus Postgate 1888 lumine MS 8 1412 , numine OG, mumine R , limine MS 52 1467 60 ariadnęis MS 122 1460 , Ariadneais Ald . 1502 , adrianeis OGR 61 nos GR , uos O 62 exuuie G 2 R , exunie O 63 uuidulam Guarinus 1521 , uindulum OGR (uiridulum corr. G 2 , uuindulum R 2 )    deum me MS 31 1457 , decumme OGR 65 Virginis GR, Virgis O 66 Callistoe iuncta Lycaoniae Parthenius 1485 , calixto iuxta licaonia OGR 69 quamquam GR , quicquam O 70 autem MS 4 1463 , aut OGR thetyi Ald. 1502 , theti OR , then G restituit Politianus 1472-1494 , restituem OGR 71 parce OGR ( corr. R 2 )     hic OGR , haec Puteolanus 1473 , hoc Owen 1893 Rhamnusia A. Guarinus 1521 , ranumsia O , ranusia GR , ramnusia Calphurnius 1481 72 ullo O , nullo GR 73 si me MS 52 1467 , sine OGR discerpent MS 31 1457 , diserpent OGR dictis GR , doctis O , diuis Avancius 1535 , dextris Bentley 1697 74 condita OR , candita G quin R 2 , qui OGR imi Nisbet 1978 , uere OGR , ueri MS 31 1457 , nostri Watt 1990 euoluam Puteolanus 1473 , euolue OGR , (quae ueri pectoris) euoluo Baehrens 1885 75 afore Statius 1566 , affore OGR 76 afore Statius 1566 , affore OGR discrutior OGR

quicum ego iam uirgo quondam muliebribus expers

| nunc uos, optato quas iunxit lumine taeda, non prius unanimis corpora coniugibus                                                                                                                                                                            |   80 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------|
| tradite nudantes reiecta ueste papillas, quam iucunda mihi munera libet onyx, uester onyx, casti colitis quae iura cubilis. sed quae se impuro dedit adulterio, illius uae! mala dona leuis bibat irrita puluis; namque ego ab indignis praemia nulla peto. |   85 |
| semper amor sedes incolat assiduus. tu uero, regina, tuens cum sidera diuam placabis festis luminibus Venerem, unguinis expertem non siris esse tui me, sed potius largis affice muneribus.                                                                 |   90 |
| sidera corruerint, iterum ut coma regia fiam; proximus Hydrochoi fulguret Oarion! o dulci iucunda uiro, iucunda parenti, salue, teque bona Iuppiter auctet ope!                                                                                             |   95 |

unguentis una uilia multa bibi.

77 qui cum OGR iam Harrison *, dum OGR muliebribus Skutsch 1970, fuit omnibus OGR 78 uilia Lobel 1949 , milia OGR 79 quas Calpurnius 1481 , quem OGR ( al. quam R 2 )    80 prius Palladius 1494 , post OGR unanimis Marcilius 1604 , uno animus OGR 81 reiecta MS 122 1460 ,  retecta OGR 83  casti  ...  cubilis Gigli 1880 ,  casto ... cubili OGR colitis  que R , colitisque O , queritis que R 85 dona leuis bibat ed. 1472 , leuis bibat dona OGR uae! mala Trappes-Lomax 2007 , amala OGR 86 indignis ( al. indignatis) R 2 , abindignatis O , ab indigetis GR 87 uestras MS 52 1467 , nostras OGR 91 unguinis Bentley 1697 , sanguinis OGR siris Lachmann 1829 , uestris OGR tui Calphurnius 1481 , tuum OGR , tuam Ald. 1502 92 affice MS 52 1467 , effice OGR 93 corruerint Lachmann 1829 , cur iterent OGR , cur retinent Puccius 1502 ,  cursum iterent Lenchantin de Gubernatis 1928 iterum  ut Corradinus de Allio 1738 , utinam GR ,  utina O 94  hydrochoi ed. 1472 ,  id  rochoi OR ,  idrochoi G fulguret 'codex antiquus' teste Avancio 1495, fulgeret OGR, fulgeat Ald. 1502 95-96 [Cat. 67.1-2] add. Agnesini 2011 (χ[αῖρε] φίλη τεκέεσσιν [τοκLobel 1952 ] Callimachus )

## C. Valerius Catullus: Carmen 66 The Lock of Berenice

| He who looked down on all the boundaries of the great universe, Who learnt the risings and settings of the stars, How the flaming brightness of the rapid sun grows dark, How the constellations fade at certain times,                                                                                                                                             |   5 |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----|
| How, secretly banishing Selene beneath the rocks of Mount Latmos, Sweet love calls her down from her airy orbit; That man, Conon, saw me in the heavenly light, A flowing lock of hair from Berenice's head, Shining brightly, whomshe promised with vows to the gods, As she stretched out her smooth arms, At the time when the king, blessed with a new wedding, |  10 |
| Had set out to lay waste the Assyrian borders, As he carried sweet traces of the nocturnal war, Which he had waged over virginal spoils. Is Venus hated by new brides? Or do they deceive                                                                                                                                                                           |  15 |
| The joys of their parents with false tears Which they shed abundantly on this side of the marriage chamber? They do not, so may the gods help me, grieve truly. So my queen taught me with her many laments, When her new husband had gone off to the grim battles. Or did you not, abandoned, weep for your deserted bed,                                          |  20 |
| But rather the lamentable separation from your dear brother? How deeply did anguish devour your mournful marrow! How then, as you were troubled in all your heart, Was your mind cut off when your senses failed! Yet certainly I Have known you as courageous since your early maidenhood.                                                                         |  25 |
| you speak! By Jupiter, how often did you dry your eyes with your hand! Which mighty god changed you? Or is it because lovers                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |     |
| Do not wish to be far away from the body of their beloved?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |  30 |

| And there to all the gods for the sake of your dear husband Not without blood from bulls you vowed me,                              |                                                      |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
| If he should come back. In no time at all                                                                                           | 35                                                   |
| He had added Asia to the borders of Egypt.                                                                                          |                                                      |
| For these achievements I, given as due to the heavenly crowd, Discharge those former vows with a new gift.                          |                                                      |
| Unwillingly, o queen, did I leave your head,                                                                                        |                                                      |
| Unwillingly: I swear by you and your head;                                                                                          | 40                                                   |
| May anyone who swears falsely by this get what she deserves! But who can claim to be equal to iron?                                 |                                                      |
| Even that mountain was overthrown, the greatest in the world                                                                        |                                                      |
| Over which Thia's illustrious descendant is carried,                                                                                |                                                      |
| When the Persians gave birth to a new sea, and when the youth                                                                       | 45                                                   |
| Of the Orient sailed with the fleet through the middle of Mount Athos. What can locks of hair do, when such things succumb to iron? |                                                      |
| By Jupiter, may the whole race of the mining Chalybes perish, And he who first began to search for veins underground                |                                                      |
| And to increase the hardness of iron.                                                                                               | 50                                                   |
| Just after I was severed my sister locks were mourning my fate, When the brother of Ethiopian Memnon showed himself,                |                                                      |
| Beating the air with his rapidly moving wings,                                                                                      |                                                      |
| The winged horse of the Locrian Arsinoe,                                                                                            |                                                      |
| And                                                                                                                                 | 55                                                   |
| messenger,                                                                                                                          |                                                      |
| temples                                                                                                                             |                                                      |
|                                                                                                                                     | 60                                                   |
| gods, The goddess placed me as a new constellation among the old.                                                                   |                                                      |
| For touching the Virgin's and the savage Lion's                                                                                     |                                                      |
| Lights, close to Callisto the Bear, daughter of Lycaon,                                                                             |                                                      |
| I move to my setting, as a guide before the slow                                                                                    |                                                      |
|                                                                                                                                     | 65                                                   |
| Bear-keeper,                                                                                                                        |                                                      |
| is barely dipped in the deep ocean late at night.                                                                                   |                                                      |
| Who                                                                                                                                 |                                                      |
| The devoted spoil of a blond head, As I came a little wet from the billow to the temples of the                                     |                                                      |
| Should be fixed in the diverse light Of the clear sky, but that I too should shine,                                                 |                                                      |
| Then, so that not only the golden crown from Ariadne's                                                                              |                                                      |
| The Greek inhabitant on the Canopian shores.                                                                                        | The Greek inhabitant on the Canopian shores.         |
| this reason Zephyritis herself had chosen him as her                                                                                | this reason Zephyritis herself had chosen him as her |
| For                                                                                                                                 | For                                                  |
| places me in the chaste bosom of Venus.                                                                                             | places me in the chaste bosom of Venus.              |
| And                                                                                                                                 | And                                                  |
| lifting me through the airy waves he flies away,                                                                                    | lifting me through the airy waves he flies away,     |

| But even though the steps of the gods trample me by night, The dawn, however, restores me to white-haired Thetys;                  | 70   |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------|
| (Allow me at this point to speak, virgin Nemesis,                                                                                  |      |
| For I will not hide the truth through any fear,                                                                                    |      |
| Not even if the constellations rend me with their hostile words;                                                                   |      |
| I will on the contrary express the secrets from the bottom of my heart:) I amnot as happy at this as I amtormented at being absent | 75   |
| Forever absent frommy mistress' head,                                                                                              |      |
| With whomI already as a virgin, devoid of matrimonial                                                                              |      |
| Perfumes, once drank many cheap scents.                                                                                            |      |
| Now you, whomthe marriage torch has united on the longed-for day,                                                                  |      |
| Do not yield your bodies to your loving husbands,                                                                                  | 80   |
| While you bare your breasts with your garment thrown away, Until the perfume jar pours delightful presents to me,                  |      |
| Your perfume jar, you who honor the laws of the chaste marriage But she who gives herself to filthy adultery,                      | bed. |
| That cursed woman, may the light dust drink her wicked,                                                                            |      |
| useless gifts;                                                                                                                     | 85   |
| For I do not seek any rewards from unworthy persons.                                                                               |      |
| But rather, o brides, may ever harmony inhabit,                                                                                    |      |
| May ever continuous love inhabit your homes.                                                                                       |      |
| You indeed, my queen, when you, looking at the constellations, Will propriate the goddess Venus with festal lights,                | 90   |
| Do not allow me to be without your perfume,                                                                                        |      |
| But rather present me with plentiful gifts.                                                                                        |      |
| May the constellations fall down, so that I again could become a royal                                                             |      |
| lock;                                                                                                                              |      |
| Let Orion the Hunter shine next to Aquarius the Water-bearer!                                                                      |      |
| O queen, delightful to your sweet husband, delightful to your parent, Farewell, and may Jupiter enrich you with good help!         | 95   |

## TEXTUAL COMMENTARY

## 1. despexit OGR , dispexit Calphurnius 1481 , descripsit McKie 2009 :

-  Lucr. 2.741-42: nam cum caecigeni, solis qui lumina numquam / dispexere 40

Modern editors all adopt Calphurnius' conjecture dispexit , 'he discerned', and with good reason. The key sense of the paradosis despexit is 'looking down' which fits awkwardly with the context of looking at the sky; and dispexit in the sense of perceiving heavenly  phenomena  is  indicated  in OLD (s.v.  3)  and,  more  importantly, paralleled in Catullus' contemporary Lucretius:

As in Catullus, the paradosis in Lucretius is despexere which has later been emended into the now universally accepted dispexere . Thus, there is a strong possibility that Calphurnius' conjecture dispexit is the correct reading in Catullus 66.1 as well.

However, I believe that the first line of Callimachus' poem, unknown to Calphurnius, 41 is  instructive  in establishing the right verb in Catullus. Pfeiffer (1949: 112) notes that γραμμαί is an astronomical terminus technicus : 'γραμμαί h.l. non solum lineae, quibus caelum  in  partes dividitur, sed etiam  delineationes 'geometricae' siderum esse videntur '. 42 Pfeiffer (1949: 112) goes on to suggest that Callimachus in lines 1 and 7 perhaps juxtaposes the act of looking down on an astronomical map and of looking up at the sky. In a note to his translation of the line Trypanis (1958: 81) also suggests that 'on the charts of the stars the sky was divided by lines into sections. This is probably the meaning of ἐν γραμμαῖσιν.' Finally, Harder (2012: 802) agrees that Conon 'studied the maps of the stars or an astronomical globe and then discovered the shape of the new constellation, which was not yet in the maps, in the sky (cf. 7 ἐν ἠέρι).'

40  Lucr. 2.741-42: 'For when those born blind, who have never seen the lights of the sun.'

42  Pfeiffer 1949: 112: 'γραμμαί seem in this place not only to be the lines, by which the sky is divided into parts, but also the 'geometrical' sketches of the constellations.'

41  Apart from a few ancient testimonia Callimachus' poem was unknown until the publications by Vitelli 1929 and Lobel 1952. For a schematic presentation of the transmission of the poem see Hansen & Tortzen 1973: 32.

This sense of juxtaposition between looking down at the maps and then looking up at the sky is perfectly expressed by the paradosis despexit , but it is lost in Calphurnius' and McKie's conjectures. Barrett (1982: 136) notes that Latin 'has no equivalent to γραμμαί'  and  concludes  that despicere 'which  usually  implies looking down from a height, is a splendid verb to use of an omniscient astronomer who can survey the whole universe by looking down at his charts.' Although Catullus uses despicere in the sense of 'despise' in 64.20, which is the only other place in his opera where the verb is transmitted, I agree with Barrett that Catullus, in order to elucidate the sense of looking down in Callimachus' ἐν γραμμαῖσιν, might have written despexit in place of the neutral  ἰδών,  'having  looked  at',  in  Callimachus.  Therefore,  I think that the manuscripts are right in transmitting despexit , although Calphurnius' conjecture is very elegant indeed.

## limina Rehm 1934 , lumina OGR :

In connection with magni ... mundi (66.1), 'of the great universe', Rehm's conjecture is a natural translation of Callimachus' astronomical terminus technicus ὅρον, which, according to the parallels to Aristotle's De generatione et corruptione given in Pfeiffer (1949: 112),  means  something  like  'the  limit  of  the  sky';  cf.  Trypanis (1958: 82) who translates πάντα τὸν ἐν γραμμαῖσιν ἰδὼν ὅρον as 'having examined all the charted (?) sky', and Nisetich's (2001: 164) translation: 'He who conned the sky mapped out from end to end on charts'. For the erroneous paradosis see Catullus 66.17 where OGR clearly mistake limina for lumina . Since limina is not a terminus technicus in itself the corruption may have been caused through  normalisation  by  a  scribe  unfamiliar  with  the  Greek technical term or through a confusion of i (one stroke) and u (two strokes).

## 2. obitus MS 59, habitus OGR

The conjecture obitus agrees with the familiar pairing of ortus and obitus . See for instance:

-  Cic. Inv.  rhet. 1.59: nam et  signorum  ortus  et  obitus  definitum quendam ordinem   seruant. 43
-  Verg. G. 1.257: nec frustra signorum obitus speculamur et ortus . 45
-  Cic. Fat. 17: signorum ortus obitusque perdiscere. 44

For words being corrupted by an initial h see Nisbet (1991: 87).

## 5. sub Latmia MS 122 , sublamina O , sublimia GR :

MS 122's conjecture fits nicely with the mentioning of Triuia , i.e. Artemis/Selene, and dulcis amor , 'sweet love', in the next line. The object  of  Artemis/Selene's  desire,  Endymion,  is  held  to  have dwelled on Mount Latmos (e.g. Theoc. Id. 20.37-39 and Ap. Rhod. Argon. 4.57-58). The strokes in tmicould have been read as -min -(O) by an inattentive scribe. A later, more attentive scribe could in  turn  have  corrected  the  nonsensical sublamina into sublimia (GR), 'lofty', in order to make it agree with saxa , 'rocks' .

## relegans MS 122 , religans OGR :

The  reading  of  the  manuscripts  is  unmetrical.  The  conjecture relegans ,  'banishing',  fits  well  with  the  context  of  a  goddess' shameful submission to a mortal. For the strong wording of relegans see Callimachus' contemporary Apollonius Rhodius' description of the affair between Selene and Endymion in Argonautica 4.57 and 4.62-64.

## 7. in lumine Vossius 1684 , numine OGR , lumine Canter 1556 :

Canter's  conjecture lumine ,  'the  light',  with  Voss'  addition in matches Callimachus' ἐν  ἠέρι, 'in the sky'.  The  reading  of OGR might be explained by the corruption caelesti(i)n(l)umine .

43  Cic. Inv. rhet. 1.59: 'For both the risings and the settings of the constellations keep a certain fixed order.'

45  Verg. G. 1.257: 'Nor in vain do we observe the risings and the settings of the constellations.'

44  Cic. Fat. 17: 'To learn thoroughly the risings and the settings of the constellations.'

## 9. uotis ... deorum McKie 2009 , multis ... dearum OGR , cunctis ... deorum Haupt 1837 :

-  Livy praef. 13: cum bonis potius ominibus uotisque et precationibus deorum dearumque 46

In the context it does not seem clear at all why Berenice would promise the lock of hair to 'many of the goddesses' as the paradosis reads, especially since the paradosis in 66.33-34 says that she  promised  the  lock cunctis  diuis , 'to  all  the  gods'.  This prompted Haupt to suggest cunctis ... deorum , 'to all of the gods', which is somewhat supported by Callimachus' πᾶσιν ... θεοῖς, 'to all the gods', unknown to Haupt. The partitive in Haupt's conjecture is, however, unparalleled in both Greek and Latin. Given the mentioning  of pristina  uota ,  'the  former  vows',  in  66.38,  which would otherwise stand unexplained, McKie's conjecture seems to be the best reading, although Haupt's conjecture does agree with the sense in Callimachus. For a parallel to the genitive in uotis ... deorum , 'with vows to the gods', see:

Palaeographically uotis is  not far from multis ,  and  it  could very well have been corrupted by a scribe yet unfamiliar with pristina uota in  66.38.  Additionally, dearum and deorum look  similar  in miniscule manuscripts and can easily be confused.

## 11.   nouis ... hymenaeis Ald. 1502 , nouo ... hymeneo OGR :

-  Cat. 64.20: tum Thetis humanos non despexit hymenaeos 48

The paradosis nouo  auctus  hymenaeo ,  'blessed  with  a  new  wedding',  presents  a  hiatus  after nouo which  Catullus  generally avoids. 47 The reading of the Aldine edition is in better accordance with Catullus' general practice than the paradosis by (i) avoiding the hiatus and (ii) using the plural of hymenaeus . Catullus uses the plural of hymenaeus in two other places, both unanimously transmitted by OGR , in the sense of 'wedding', whereas he does not use the word in singular in that sense. Cf.:

- 46  Livy praef. 13: 'With good omens, rather, and with vows and prayers to the gods and the goddesses'.
- 48  Cat. 64.20: 'Then Thetis did not despise a mortal wedding.'
- 47  Cf. Trappes-Lomax 2007: 3, 9-10 on hiatus in Catullus.

-  Cat. 64.141: sed conubia laeta, sed optatos hymenaeos 49

## auctus OGR , auctatus Goold 1969

Goold's reading auctatus ,  'enlarged by', avoids the hiatus in the manuscripts; but the transmitted auctus is in better accordance with Catullan practice. Catullus uses the participle of augeo twice (64.25, 64.165) in the sense of 'blessed with' ( OLD s.v. 6b), transmitted by the manuscripts, but he does not use the participle of aucto anywhere else; instead he uses the verb once (67.2), transmitted by the manuscripts as well. Thus, the Aldine reading nouis auctus hymenaeis (see previous entry) will be the best way to avoid the hiatus transmitted by the manuscripts.

## 12.   uastatum MS 31 , uastum OGR :

The  unmetrical  paradosis  must  have  been  caused  by  haplography.

## ierat OGR , iuerat ed. 1472 :

The paradosis is usually corrected into iuerat .  But according to Marinone (1997: 96) a long ī in the perfect sense of eo is well-attested in the comic poets: īeram (Plaut. Amph. 401), īero ( Capt. 194; Stich . 484), and īerant (Ter. Ad. 27). The lock generally speaks in an archaic and colloquial manner which fits well with Roman comedy. 50 Therefore, I see no need to emend the paradosis here.

## 15.   anne MS 52 , atque OGR :

A disjunctive conjunction is needed, since the second question poses an alternative to the first question. The reading anne is in accordance with line 27, and it is palaeographically close to the paradosis.

## 17.   citra Nisbet 1978, intra OGR

Catullus uses neither intra ,  'within',  nor citra ,  'on  this  side  of', elsewhere in his poems. Therefore, the choice of reading depends on the tricky sense of thalami . According to LSJ (s.v.) θάλαμος can mean (i) an inner room or chamber; (ii) a women's apartment in the house; (iii) a bedroom; (iv) a bride-chamber / bedroom of an unmarried son; (v) the house in general. According to OLD (s.v.) thalamus can mean (i) an inner chamber or apartment, esp. for sleeping; (ii) the bedroom or apartment occupied by a married couple. The noun is attested twice in Callimachus ( Ep. 5.9; Hymn 6.112), but never in relation to marriage. In Catullus, the noun is attested in two other places:

49  Cat. 64.141: 'But a happy marriage, but a long-desired wedding.'

50  Cf. for instance the many contracted forms in the lock's speech, such as cognoram for cognoveram (66.25), alis for alius (66.28) and tristi for trivisti (66.30). For morphological contraction as a part of colloquial diction in Roman comedy see Karakasis 2014: 568.

-  Cat. 68.103-4: ne Paris abducta gauisus libera moecha otia pacato degeret in thalamo . 52
-  Cat. 61.185: uxor in thalamo tibi est 51

In 61.185 the sense is clearly (ii) 'marriage-chamber', whereas the sense in 68.104 is probably (i)  'bedroom'. However, as Catullus 61.76-106 tell how noua nupta , 'the new bride' (cf. 66.15), weeps as she walks out of the doors of her family house to the bridegoom's cubile ,  'bed',  I  find  Nisbet's  conjecture  attractive.  As  a  possible parallel Nisbet (1978: 101) points to Medea's return in:

The corruption may have occured through a scribe misreading ci for in or through normalisation, since intra is a commoner preposition than citra .

-  Ov. Met. 7.238: constitit adueniens citra limenque foresque 53

## limina MS 31 , lumina OGR

In  the  context lumina ,  'lights',  does  not  make  any  sense,  while limina , 'thresholds', fits well with citra and thalami , marking the boundaries outside of which the brides shed their tears. The noun lumina occurs frequently throughout the poem, but in this place as in 66.1 the manuscripts must have mistaken limina for lumina .

## 18.   iuerint ed. 1472 , iuuerint OGR :

Fordyce (1961: 332) argues that iuerint 'is in origin an s -aorist optative formation' and shows that the form is attested in Plautus,

- 51  Cat. 61.185: 'Your wife is in the wedding-chamber'.
- 53  Ov. Met. 7.238: 'When she arrived she stopped on this side of the threshold and the doors'.
- 52  Cat. 68.103-4: 'Lest Paris might spend undisturbed leisure in a peaceful chamber after having enjoyed his abducted paramour.'

Terence and Propertius. The parallels to Roman comedy fits well with the lock's general manner of speech (cf. entry 12 on ierat ). The change into iuuerint has probably occured through normalisation.

## 21.   aut Hertzberg 1862 , et OGR ( al . at G 2 R 2 ), an Puccius 1502 :

The paradosis does not seem the right way of beginning the line. What is needed is rather a disjunctive conjunction introducing the question. Puccius' an is certainly a possibility. But given et and the  alternative at in  the  manuscripts,  I  think  that  Hertzberg's conjecture is better. The first letter is separated from the rest of the line in O ; and monosyllables at the beginning of a line are in general  liable  to  corruption  (Kenney  1958:  65).  Sometimes (though rarely) aut is abbreviated to a t in medieval manuscripts (Cappelli 1982: 34). If the first letter was lost in the manuscript, the scribe could easily corrupt aut into et . For aut introducing an alternative question see Catullus 29.21.

## 23.   quam Bentley 1697 , cum OGR :

Bentley's quam turns the line into an exclamation which fits the context. The corruption may have occured through a scribe misreading quam for quom and  a  later  scribe  correcting quom into cum . Cf. quom in the sense of cum in the Gallus fragment (Plate IV in  Anderson,  Parsons  and  Nisbet  1979  [unnumbered  page]). Trappes-Lomax (2007: 19) even argues that Catullus 'spelled the conjunction quom not cum .'

## 25.   te add. Avancius

The addition of te is necessary (i) in order to make a long syllable of the naturally short at before the two short syllables <te> ego (with elision) and (ii) as a direct object for cognoram . It has probably been lost due to double haplography: at(te)ego .

## 27.   quo Puccius 1502 , quam OGR :

Puccius' conjecture expresses the instrumental sense of facinus , 'deed'. The medieval abbreviations of qui and its oblique forms are liable to be confused.

## 28.   fortior GR , forcior O , fortius MS 129a

The reading of the manuscripts qualifies Berenice, while the conjecture qualifies facinus , 'deed'. Both of these readings make good sense in the context. I choose to print the paradosis partly because it is the lectio difficilior (it is easier to imagine fortior being corrupted  into fortius because  of quod than  the  other  way around), and partly because the adjective fits well with Berenice's display of bravery when she had her adulterous first husband, Demetrius  the  Fair,  killed  as  she  caught  him  in  bed  with  her mother. 54

## 31.   tantus OGR , tantum MSS recentiores :

-  Verg. Aen. 2.281-82: o lux Dardaniae, spes o fidissima Teucrum, / quae tantae tenuere morae? 55

The conjecture tantum , 'so much', expresses the extent to which Berenice has been changed from her previous brave state of mind (66.27-29) into her present sorrowful condition. The paradosis indirectly expresses the extent to which Berenice has changed by referring to the greatness of the god who has changed her (probably Amor). The reading of the manuscripts could be a corrupted form due to assimilation, agreeing with quis , but it is not unparalleled:

Since the paradosis is definitely the lectio difficilior and attested in Vergil, who famously echoes Catullus 66 elsewhere in the Aeneid (Cat. 66.39-40 in Aen . 6.460 and 6.492-94), I choose to print tantus . Finally, for tantus deus in the sense of 'mighty god' see:

-  Stat. Theb. 3.309-10: tantosque ex ordine vidi / delituisse deos 56

## 33.   me Puccius 1502 , pro OGR :

Puccius'  conjecture  is  certainly  a  necessary  correction  of  the nonsensical paradosis. The corruption may have occured

- 54  For the colourful historical background see Thomson 1997: 448-49 and Gutzwiller 1992: 362.
- 56  Stat. Theb . 3.309-10: 'and I saw the mighty gods hide all in a line.'
- 55  Verg. Aen . 2.281-82: 'O light of Dardania, o most reliable hope of the Trojans, what great delays have held you?'

through an inversion of pro later in the same line in order to make it agree with cunctis .

## 35.   haud Ald. 1502 , aut OGR , haut Statius 1566 :

The Aldine conjecture is necessary to the sense. It could have been corrupted into aud , later corrected into aut , at a time where the h was not pronounced. I prefer the Aldine reading to Statius' conjecture of the archaic form, as haud is the standard spelling in Catullus and generally (see e.g. Lindsay 1894: 616).

## 41.   adiurarit Ald. 1502 , adiuraret OGR :

The verb needs to be in the future perfect in order to express the unfulfilled  condition  for  the  main  clause.  The  corruption  may have been caused by a scribe with insufficient Latin or by a confusion of the similar-looking -iand -e-.

## 43.   orbe MS 44 1474 , oris OGR

The paradosis oris is not found anywhere else without a defining adjective. The conjecture is an easy correction, but it does suggest that the poet is exaggerating, since Mount Athos is not larger than Mount Olympos, for instance.

## 44.   Thiae Bentley , phitie O , phytie GR , Phthiae Parthenius 1485 :

Parthenius' conjecture is the most attractive palaeographically, but it does not seem to make sense that the agent of the sentence should be a descendant of Achilleus or a Phthian woman. Thia's descendant is either her son the Sun or her grandson Boreas. I believe  that  the  Sun  is  meant,  since  he  is  traditionally  carried across the sky in his carriage (e.g. Hymn. Hom. 31.8-9, 14-16); but the northern location of Mount Athos might point towards Boreas.

## 45.   peperere MS 122 ,  rupere Guarinus 1521 in comm., iterum Pleitner 1876 , propere OGR ,

The paradosis is, once again, unmetrical. Trappes-Lomax (2007: 212) recommends Guarinus' conjecture by referring to OLD s.v. 4a, where the sense of rumpo is given as 'to make or open up by bursting (a passage, hole, or sim.).' However, as the direct object of the verb is nouum mare , 'a new sea', and not montem , 'the mountain', rupere seems to make little sense. Better still is the conjecture of MS 122 , peperere ,  with the sense of 'create', 'produce' or indeed 'give birth to' ( OLD s.v. 1, 4, 5) a new sea. The corruption may have been caused by haplography or by failure to recognise a rare verb-form.

## 47.   faciant Puteolanus 1473 , facient OGR :

-  Ov. A.A. 3.655: quid sapiens faciet, stultus cum munere gaudet? 57 However,  in  view  of  the  subjunctive  in  Callimachus'  ῥέξωμεν, 'what can we do', unknown to Puteolanus, I tend towards the conjecture faciant . For a similar subjunctive see:

The paradosis is good and well-attested Latin. Cf.:

-  Verg. Ecl . 3.16: quid domini faciant, audent cum talia fures ? 58 The letters a , e and u look rather alike in minuscule manuscripts and can easily be confused.

## cedunt Harrison* , cedant OGR :

I interpret cum as a cum temporale which normally requires a verb in the indicative (cf. Rubenbauer-Hofmann §253a). Harrison's unpublished conjecture has the further advantage of reproducing the indicative mood of Callimachus' εἴκουσιν, 'they yield to'.

## 50.   ferri MS 31 1457 , ferris OGR

-  Varro Rust. 2.9.15: ne noceat collo duritia ferri . 59

The paradosis is a grammatically correct form of ferrum , but it is unattested in Latin and is probably the result of dittography here. The conjecture of MS 31 is paralleled in:

-  Plin. HN 36.127: quid ferri duritia pugnacius? 60

## stringere Heyse 1855 , fingere O , stringere GR

Heyse's  conjecture  is  palaeographically  elegant  given ferris fringere in  GR.  The  conjecture reproduces some of the sense of Callimachus' τυπίδων ἔφρασαν ἐργασίην, 'they taught the working of hammers', as stringere is a terminus technicus for increasing the hardness of a metal ( OLD s.v. 1b).

57  Ov. Ars am. 3.655: 'What will the wise man do, when the stupid man is happy?'

59  Varro Rust . 2.9.15: 'lest the hardness of the iron harms the neck.'

58  Verg. Ecl. 3.16: 'What can proprietors do, when thieves dare such things?'

60  Plin. HN 36.127: 'What is more obstinate than the hardness of iron?'

## 53   motantibus Guarinus  1521  in  comm.,  iterum  conieci ,  nutantibus OGR 2 , mutantibus R , nictantibus Bentley 1697 :

-  Verg. Ecl. 5.5.: siue sub incertas Zephyris motantibus umbras 62 The  rare  participle motantibus could  very  well  have  been  corrupted into the much commoner nutantibus (OG) and mutantibus (R) through acts of normalisation.

I  suggest that motantibus ... pennis ,  'with rapidly moving wings', describes the rapid, vigorous movement of Callimachus' κυκλώσας βαλιὰ πτερά, 'having whirled its swift wings', better than the paradosis and Bentley's conjecture. The use of motantibus in  relation to Zephyrus is paralleled by Vergil, who echoes Catullus 66 in the Aeneid (see entry 31) as well as Catullus 62 and 64 in Eclogues 4 and 6: 61

## 55.   aerias ... undas scripsi , aethereas (aetherias) ... umbras OGR :

-  Lucr. 2.152: quo tardius ire / cogitur, aerias quasi dum diuerberat undas . 63

I suggest that aerias ... undas , 'the airy waves', matches the sense of Callimachus' ἠέρα ... ὑγρόν, 'the wet air', better than the paradosis. I have combined the conjecture aerias ... umbras ,  'the airy shadows', by Trappes-Lomax (2007) with the conjecture aetherias ... undas , 'the ethereal waves', by Zwierlein (1987). The expression aerias ... undas is paralleled in Lucretius:

It might be worth mentioning that the aurae seem to be the habitat for winds in the Aeneid :

61  The song of the Fates (Cat. 64.326-81) is echoed in Verg. Ecl .  4.46-47, while Vesper Olympo (Cat. 62.1) seems to be echoed in Verg. Ecl . 6.86 (and in Aen . 1.374 and 8.280).

63  Lucr. 2.152: 'Therefore it is forced to go more slowly, while it sort of cleaves the airy waves.'

62  Verg. Ecl . 5.5: 'or under the shades that are uncertain because the west winds move about'.

-  Verg. Aen. 1.58-59: ni faciat, maria ac terras caelumque profundum / quippe ferant rapidi secum uerrantque per auras . 64

## 58.   Graia Lachmann 1829 ,  Gracia O ,  Gratia GR, grata Ald ,  Graiia Baehrens 1874 :

-  Ov. Met . 15.9: Graia quis Italicis auctor posuisset in oris / moenia 65

The word in Callimachus is not preserved; but the paradosis in Catullus  suggests  that  Callimachus  used  an  ethnic  adjective  to balance Κ]ανωπίτου, 'of Canopus'. Thomson (1997: 457) rejects Baehrens' Graiia as unmetrical because 'it would surely have to be scanned' as a dactyl. But Lachmann's conjecture Graia , 'Greek', scans perfectly well. Cf.:

-  Val.  Flacc. Arg .  1.599: Graia novam ferro molem commenta iuventus 66

These parallels make it plausible that the correct reading is Graia in Catullus. Pfeiffer (1932: 202-4) rejects the reading of Γραῖα in Callimachus because it would mean 'old' rather than 'Greek'. But even if this is correct and Callimachus used a more obscure ethnonym  such  as  Φθῖα,  'from  Phthia',  Catullus  could  have grasped the ethnic sense and written the straightforward Graia .

## 59. hic liquidi Friedrich 1908 , hi dii uen ibi OGR , inde Venus Postgate 1888 :

-  Ov. Met . 1.23: et liquidum spisso secreuit ab aere caelum 67

These words are severely obscured in the manuscripts. Postgate's suggestion is ingenious, but suffers from revealing divine agency earlier than in Callimachus' version, unknown to Postgate. Friedrich's  conjecture  has  the  attraction  of  adding  an  adjective  to caeli ,  'of  the sky', and thereby balancing uario ... lumine ,  'the diverse light'. For liquidum caelum , 'the clear sky', see:

-  Stat. Theb . 4.7: liquido quae stridula caelo / fugit 68

64  Verg. Aen. 1.58-59: 'If he did not do this, the rapid <winds> would surely take seas and lands and the lofty heaven with them and sweep through the air.'

66  Val. Flacc. Arg. 1.599: 'When the Greek youth had created a strange devise with iron.'

65  Ov. Met . 15.9: 'which ancestor had placed the Greek walls on Italian ground.'

67  Ov. Met . 1.23: 'and separated the clear sky from the dense atmosphere.'

68  Stat. Theb . 4.7: 'which fled whistling through the clear sky.'

Friedrich (1908: 419-20) argues that uen in the sense of Venus is 'eine  übergeschriebene erklärende Glosse' like uen for diua in Cat. 64.8 ( O , fol. 21r). This leaves us with the manuscript reading hi dii ibi which is close to hic liquidi , as cl and d are easily confused in the manuscripts (cf. Cat. 7.5: oraclum ] oradum OR, ora dum G).

## 63.   uuidulam Guarinus 1521 , uindulum OGR :

The  paradosis  is  unmetrical.  The  conjecture  matches  Callimachus' λουόμενον, 'washed', unknown to Guarinus, and is in accordance with  Catullus'  predilection  for  coining  diminutives. 69 The strokes in uui - are likely to be read as uin - by an inattentive scribe. As mentioned above, a - and u - are so paleographically close that confusion easily occurs.

## 66.   Callistoe iuncta Parthenius 1485 , calixto iuxta OGR :

-  Cat. 64.255: euhoe bacchantes, euhoe capita inflectentes . 70

Parthenius'  conjecture  corresponds  to  the  Greek  dative  -οῖ (Trappes-Lomax 2007: 214). For a parallel use of oe for -oῖ elsewhere in Catullus see:

For another Greek dative in Catullus see 66.70: Tethyi , 'to Tethys'. The final vowel in the paradosis iuxta is long and therefore unmetrical. The conjecture restores the metre.

## 71.   hic OGR , haec Puteolanus 1473 , hoc Owen 1893 :

The paradosis marks a narrative parenthesis. The suggested conjectures  all  make  perfect  sense,  but  since  there  is  no  problem with hic , 'here, at this point', I do not see any reason to emend it.

## 73.   dictis GR , doctis O , diuis Avancius 1535 , dextris Bentley 1697 :

I  understand infestis  ...  dictis as  an  instrumental  ablative,  'with hostile words', and I do not see any reason to question the reading of GR . The antropomorphism of Bentley's conjecture seems to strecth the meaning too much. The lock is the narrator of the poem, and it is therefore natural for her to utter words (and probably also for the stars to understand them).

69  For diminutives elsewhere in Catullus' carmina maiora see 61.22, 53, 57, 174; 62.52; 63.35, 66; 64.103, 131, 317; 65.6. See also Sheets 2007: 198-99 and Goold 1983: 6 for this distinctive feature of Catullus' diction.

70  Cat. 64.255: 'euhoe they ragingly shouted, euhoe while shaking their heads.'

## 74.   imi Nisbet 1978 , uere OGR , ueri MS 31 :

-  Cat. 64.198: <querelas> quae quoniam uerae nascuntur pectore ab imo 71

As Nisbet (1978: 91) notes, ' vere is not an adverb naturally found with euoluere , which is not primarily a verb of speaking.' The conjecture ueri is  attractive and generally accepted in modern editions, but it is also unparalleled. Nisbet's conjecture imi is palaeographically close to the paradosis (cf. Trappes-Lomax 2007: 216) and reasonably paralleled in:

-  Lucr. 3.57-58: nam uerae uoces tum demum pectore ab imo / eliciuntur 72

## 77.   iam Harrison *, dum OGR

If we accept Skutsch's conjecture muliebribus for fuit omnibus (see next entry), the verb is removed from the dum clause, which is not really needed. Callimachus' ὅτ᾽ ἦν ἔτι, 'when I was still', can easily be expressed by Harrison's unpublished iam , 'already (as)'.

## muliebribus Skutsch 1970 , fuit omnibus OGR :

-  Lucr. 2.1092: < natura uidetur > ipsa sua per se sponte omnia dis agere expers 73

Skutsch's  conjecture  agrees  with  Callimachus'  γυναικείων,  'of married women', whereas the paradosis is not to be found in Callimachus.  Although  Catullus  in  64.338  and  66.91  uses expers , 'without', with the normal genitive, the ablative according to LS s.v.  is  'ante-class.',  and  (based  on  the  examples  given)  quite Plautine. This agrees with the lock's archaic and colloquial manner of speech (cf. entry 12 on ierat ). The use of expers with ablative is attested in Lucretius:

- 71  Cat. 64.198: 'For <the complaints> are truthfully born from the bottom of my heart.'
- 73  Lucr. 2.1092: 'Nature appears to do everything herself of her own accord without the gods.'
- 72  Lucr. 3.57-58: 'For only when true words are being drawn from the bottom of the heart.'

-  Lucr. 6.1181: lumina uersarent oculorum expertia somno 74

## 78.   uilia Lobel 1949 , milia OGR :

Lobel's conjecture matches Callimachus' λιτά, 'plain'. It has probably been corrupted into the similar-looking milia ,  'thousands', through an act of normalisation.

## 80.   prius Palladius 1494 , post OGR

Palladius' conjecture corresponds to quam , '(before) that', in line 82. The medieval abbreviations of post and prius look alike and can easily be confused by an inattentive scribe (cf. Cappelli 1982: 15).

## 83.   casti ... cubilis Gigli 1880 , casto ... cubili OGR :

-  Ov. Her. 16.286: < metuis > castaque legitimi fallere iura tori 75

The ablative in the paradosis does not qualify iura , 'the laws', very clearly (is the sense instrumental or locative?). Gigli's conjecture makes the sense of iura clear. For a possible parallel see:

## 85 dona leuis bibat ed. 1472 , leuis bibat dona OGR

The correction by the editio princeps restores the metre which has been corrupted through a transposition of dona .

## uae! mala, Trappes-Lomax 2007 , amala OGR :

-  Ov. Ib. 205: tot tibi uae! misero uenient talesque ruinae 76

Trappes-Lomax (2007: 218) argues that the exclamatory a does not fit the context. Instead he suggests the exclamation uae! 'as prophetic of well-deserved misfortune.' This parenthetical exclamation is suitable for an imprecation ( OLD s.v. 2b), and it finds parallels in:

-  Ov. Am. 3.6.101: Huic  ego,  uae!  demens  narrabam  fluminum amores! 77

74  Lucr. 6.1181: 'they rolled their eyes which were devoid of sleep.'

76  Ov. Ib . 205: 'So many and such destructions will come down upon you, cursed, miserable man!'

75  Ov. Her . 16.286: 'Are you afraid to deceive the chaste laws of a lawful marriage-bed'?

77  Ov. Am. 3.6.101: 'To such a stream I, cursed one!, was so foolish as to tell the lovestories of the rivers!'

## 91 unguinis Bentley 1697 438 , sanguinis OGR :

Bentley's  conjecture  certainly  fits  the  context  better  than  the paradosis. The corruption may have been caused by normalisation, since sanguis , 'blood', would be the normal thing to offer to a deity, as in Catullus 66.33-34 and 68.75-76.

## tui Calphurnius 1481 , tuum OGR , tuam Ald. 1502 :

In 66.77-78 the lock distinguishes between the scents of married women and the cheap scents of maidens. A similar specification may be seen in 66.82-83 where the lock  stresses  that  the  new brides should make offerings from their own perfume jars. Calphurnius'  conjecture  fits  well  with  this  context,  as  it  specifies that the newly wed Berenice should make offerings of her own perfume to the lock. The Aldine conjecture tuam (me) is an idiom frequently found in Latin love poetry; but as the lock is not Berenice's lover, and Nisbet and Hubbard furthermore note that this expression is unparalleled in Greek, 78 from which Catullus translates, I find Calphurnius' conjecture most attractive. The corruption may have been caused by dittography: tuim me , and a later scribe  correcting  the  nonsensical tuim into tuum without  acknowledging the gender of the speaker.

## 93 corruerint Lachmann 1829 , cur iterent OGR , cur retinent Puccius 1502 , cursum iterent Lenchantin de Gubernatis 1928

Lines 93 and 94 are notoriously difficult. Every conjecture in line 93 needs to make sense of the miraculous proximity in 66.94 of the  normally  widely  separated  constellations  Aquarius  and Orion.  Neither  Puccius'  conjecture  ('why  do  the  stars  restrain me?') nor that of Lenchantin de Gubernatis ('may the stars repeat their  course')  seem  to  explain  the  proximity  of  Aquarius  and Orion in 66.94. Lachmann's conjecture is closest to enabling this proximity, as the two constellations certainly could be shining next to each other, if all the constellations had fallen from the heaven. Critics sometimes object that this destruction of the universe would kill Berenice and so prevent the lock from optaining her wish to be reunited with the queen; but as Heyworth (2015:

78  Nisbet & Hubbard 1970: 295. Cf. Du Quesnay 2012: 177.

136) has recently argued, the line could simply illustrate that the lock is so eager 'to return to Berenice's head that it wishes for the destruction of the universe in order to bring this about.' The further implications of the proposed catastrophe should probably not be taken too literally.

## iterum ut Corradinus de Allio 1738 , utinam GR , utina O

The sense of the line seems to require an indication that the lock wishes to return to her previous state. This sense is made clear by  the  conjecture  of  Corradinus  de  Allio.  The  corruption  may have happened at some point after corruerint was corrupted into cur iterent through an act of haplography due to the similarity of iterent and iterum . This would have left ut which may in turn have been corrected into utinam (GR) in order to make it agree with the  wish  seemingly  to  be  expressed  in  the  subjunctive fiam ,  'I wish I could become'.

## 94 fulguret 'codex antiquus' teste Avancio 1495, fulgeret OGR, fulgeat Ald. 1502 :

-  Stat. Theb. 4.784: Icarii quamuis iuba fulguret astri 79

For the verb to agree with the present subjunctives in 66.93, it needs to be in the present tense. The conjecture ascribed to an old manuscript by Avancius is closer to the paradosis than that of the Aldine edition, and it is paralleled in Statius' description of Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky:

## 95-96 [Cat. 67.1-2] add. Agnesini 2011

-  Cat. 67. 1-3: o dulci iucunda uiro, iucunda parenti, salue, teque bona Iuppiter auctet ope, ianua, quam Balbo dicunt seruisse benigne 80

In every printed edition of Catullus 66 the poem ends after line 94, and poem 67 begins with the lines:

79  Stat. Theb. 4.784: 'even though the mane of the Icarian star should shine.'

80  Cat. 67.1-3: 'O you, delightful to the sweet man, delightful to the parent, I salute you, and may Jupiter enrich you with good help, you door, whom they say served Balbus in a friendly manner.'

However, although the last part of the poem by Callimachus is in a severely fragmentary condition, the poem seems to have contained two further lines. According to Harder (2012: 852) an initial  χαῖρε,  'farewell',  'seems  fairly  certain',  while  the  papyrus also attests the words φίλη τεκέεσσι, 'dear to (your) children'. Lobel  (1952:  98),  the  first  editor  of  the  papyrus,  suggested  in  his commentary  that  the  correct  reading  might  have  been  φίλη τοκέεσσι, 'dear to (your) parents'.

It is well-established that 'divisions between poems in Catullus should always be open to editorial judgement', as OGR mark very few divisions themselves. 81 Thus, O has no division between poem 66 and 67, while G and R have in their margins a rubricated sign, written in a different ink, of a division after 66.94. But in view of the words iucunda parenti / salue in Catullus 67.1-2, which, translated as 'farewell (my queen), delightful to your parent', is an almost precise translation of the few attested words in Callimachus (with  Lobel's  suggestion):  χ[αῖρε]  φίλη  τοκέεσσι,  'farewell  (my queen), dear to your parents', I think that Agnesini (2011: 527-40) and Du Quesnay (2012: 181-83), who have separately come to the same conclusion, are right in suggesting that the couplet o dulci iucunda uiro, iucunda parenti, / salue, teque bona Iuppiter auctet ope is in fact the conclusion of poem 66 and not the beginning of poem 67.  As  Du  Quesnay (2012: 182) rightly notes, dulci  ...  uiro neatly picks up dulci coniuge in 66.33, and Heyworth (2015: 136) further demonstrates that poem 67 can begin in a perfectly intelligible and Catullan manner with the vocative ianua (67.3). For parallels to the sense of salue as  'farewell' at the end of an address or a hymn and to its similarity to the Greek χαῖρε, see the list and discussion in Heyworth (2015: 136-37).

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